688:, just 17 minutes after the passage of the amendment by the Utah convention. President Roosevelt then issued a proclamation following the passage and certification of the amendment which stated in part the following: "I trust in the good sense of the American people that they will not bring upon themselves the curse of excessive use of intoxicating liquors to the detriment of health, morals and social integrity. The objective we seek through a national policy is the education of every citizen towards a greater temperance throughout the nation." The end of prohibition was thought to be responsible for the creation of a half million jobs.
41:
406:
477:
418:
430:
2099:, 429 U.S. at 212 ("egulation of the minimum age of purchasers of liquor falls squarely within the ambit of those powers reserved to the States by the Twenty-first Amendment. Since States possess this constitutional power, Congress cannot condition a federal grant in a manner that abridges this right. The Amendment, itself, strikes the proper balance between federal and state authority.") (Brennan, J., dissenting) (alteration added) (citation omitted)
652:. Although the U.S. Constitution provides two methods for ratifying constitutional amendments, only one method had been used up until that time: ratification by the state legislatures of three-fourths of the states. However, the wisdom of the day was that the lawmakers of many states were either beholden to or simply fearful of the temperance lobby.
507:. The Twenty-first Amendment was proposed by the 72nd Congress on February 20, 1933, and was ratified by the requisite number of states on December 5, 1933. It is unique among the 27 amendments of the U.S. Constitution for being the only one to repeal a prior amendment, as well as being the only amendment to have been ratified by
1046:
The aim of the Twenty-first
Amendment was to allow States to maintain an effective and uniform system for controlling liquor by regulating its transportation, importation, and use. The Amendment did not give States the authority to pass nonuniform laws in order to discriminate against out-of-state
635:
When
Prohibition was introduced, I hoped that it would be widely supported by public opinion and the day would soon come when the evil effects of alcohol would be recognized. I have slowly and reluctantly come to believe that this has not been the result. Instead, drinking has generally increased;
610:
The
Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution had ushered in a period known as Prohibition, during which the manufacture, distribution, and sale of alcoholic beverages was illegal. The enactment of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919 was the crowning achievement of the
842:
was the last state to remain entirely dry. In August 1966, 19 of
Mississippi's counties voted to legalize alcohol. Kansas continued to prohibit public bars until 1987. Many states now delegate the authority over alcohol granted to them by this Amendment to their
590:
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the
Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the
1001:
also dissented, arguing that "the regulation of the age of the purchasers of liquor, just as the regulation of the price at which liquor may be sold, falls squarely within the scope of those powers reserved to the States by the Twenty-first
Amendment."
1019:
imposed a law that prohibited advertisements disclosing the retail prices of alcoholic beverages sold to the public. In declaring the law unconstitutional, the Court reiterated that "although the Twenty-first
Amendment limits the effect of the
867:, the Supreme Court recognized that "Prior to the Twenty-first Amendment it would obviously have been unconstitutional" for a state to require a license and fee to import beer anywhere within its borders. First, the Court held that Section
825:
The amendment was unanimously rejected by South
Carolina's state convention on December 4, 1933. On November 7, 1933, North Carolina held a vote, and approximately 70% of its voters rejected holding a convention to consider the amendment.
900:
had not been affected by the passage of the Twenty-first
Amendment. Although the Court did not specify whether the Twenty-first Amendment could provide an exception to any other constitutional protections outside of the
640:
has replaced the saloon; a vast army of lawbreakers has appeared; many of our best citizens have openly ignored
Prohibition; respect for the law has been greatly lessened; and crime has increased to a level never seen
1024:
on a State's regulatory power over the delivery or use of intoxicating beverages within its borders, the Amendment does not license the States to ignore their obligations under other provisions of the Constitution".
923:
Court did distinguish two characteristics of state laws permitted by the Amendment, which otherwise might have run afoul of the Constitution. The constitutional issues in each centered or touched upon: (1)
1059:
2 removed "any doubt regarding its broad scope, the Amendment simplified the language of the Webb–Kenyon Act and made it clear that States could regulate importation destined for in-state delivery free of
583:
The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
1291:"An Overlooked Reconsideration of a Fundamental Question in U.S. Constitutional Law". Gilder, Eric and Hagger, Mervyn. British and American Studies (University of the West, Timișoara) 13 (2007): 163–74.
530:. Throughout the 1920s, Americans increasingly came to see Prohibition as unenforceable, and a movement to repeal the Eighteenth Amendment grew until the Twenty-first Amendment was ratified in 1933.
3120:
2810:
392:
316:
2043:, 90 S.D. 692, 703–704 (1976) ("SDCL 35-6-27 provides: 'No licensee under this chapter shall sell or give any low-point beer to any person who is less than eighteen years old or to any person
259:
2628:
105:
3135:
2565:
3085:
2666:
2933:
3035:
1838:
2805:
1038:
with respect to alcohol sales, and therefore states must treat in-state and out-of-state wineries equally. The Court criticized its earliest rulings on the issue, (including
3752:
522:
established federal enforcement of the nationwide prohibition on alcohol. As many Americans continued to drink despite the amendment, Prohibition gave rise to a profitable
3767:
3105:
4972:
2638:
2522:
2322:
2254:
1366:
905:, it acknowledged "the relevance of the Twenty-first Amendment to other constitutional provisions becomes increasingly doubtful". Likewise, it has been held that Section
3090:
2508:
385:
251:
3286:
2493:
2483:
236:
224:
3125:
537:
2 bans the importation of alcohol into states and territories that have laws prohibiting the importation or consumption of alcohol. Several states continued to be "
2503:
2498:
2488:
460:
246:
241:
231:
2458:
197:
871:
2 abrogated the right to import intoxicating liquors free of a direct burden on interstate commerce, which otherwise would have been unconstitutional under the
4909:
3876:
3855:
2468:
2463:
2432:
2427:
897:
880:
500:
209:
204:
182:
177:
5066:
5056:
4987:
2473:
2453:
2437:
2193:
2168:
2141:
2116:
1995:
1978:
1963:
1948:
1917:
1868:
1843:
1818:
1778:
214:
192:
187:
3030:
2404:
167:
5025:
3936:
3281:
2409:
2373:
2024:... in which the purchase or public possession in such State of any alcoholic beverage by a person who is less than twenty-one years of age is lawful.").
172:
145:
3685:
3115:
3010:
2378:
2358:
2348:
1078:
150:
130:
120:
2820:
2388:
2383:
2368:
2363:
2353:
2343:
160:
155:
140:
135:
125:
115:
809:
The amendment was officially added to the U.S. Constitution on December 5, 1933, when Utah's state convention unanimously ratified the amendment.
3211:
2312:
2292:
2247:
1723:
371:
362:
95:
75:
4982:
3899:
3889:
3696:
2302:
2297:
85:
80:
3921:
3065:
2307:
2287:
2282:
1179:
984:
933:
90:
70:
65:
3503:
2555:
1088:
481:
453:
296:
645:
As more and more Americans opposed the Eighteenth Amendment, a political movement grew for its repeal. However, repeal was complicated by
3894:
3216:
3015:
1749:
914:
3983:
3817:
2751:
2277:
2240:
57:
22:
5071:
5061:
2990:
2960:
2746:
2711:
2691:
328:
323:
306:
48:
2995:
1012:
4373:
3206:
1990:
446:
680:
The Twenty-first Amendment ending national prohibition also became effective on December 5, 1933. The Acting Secretary of State
3296:
2965:
2843:
2980:
4083:
3961:
3800:
3518:
2608:
2603:
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1083:
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proved to be a nearly impossible task and corruption was rife among law enforcement agencies. In 1932, wealthy industrialist
550:
267:
5081:
4033:
3251:
3045:
1225:
5013:
3627:
3246:
2838:
2136:
1130:
1007:
5076:
2883:
2014:
1011:(1996), the Court held states cannot use the Twenty-first Amendment to abridge freedom of speech protections under the
558:
340:
1405:
Ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution of the United States: State Convention Records and Laws
3226:
2588:
2263:
30:
4904:
4144:
3860:
3731:
3726:
3070:
1863:
1073:
928:, a regulatory area where the State's authority under the Twenty-first Amendment is transparently clear"; and (2) "
601:
542:
504:
4947:
4310:
3075:
3060:
378:
335:
4977:
4063:
4048:
3482:
1141:
counties voted against legalizing alcohol. All other Mississippi counties voted in favor of legalizing alcohol.
946:
repeal, the Twenty-First Amendment nonetheless "primarily created an exception to the normal operation of the
5051:
3256:
3196:
2785:
1912:
615:, but it soon proved highly unpopular. Crime rates soared under Prohibition as gangsters, such as Chicago's
5020:
4992:
4967:
4957:
3845:
3746:
3544:
2975:
2848:
2653:
2535:
2335:
1107:
In Iowa, 8 county delegates were absent during the vote, and 1 county delegate died before the convention.
661:
347:
274:
2020:("The Secretary shall withhold 10 per centum of the amount required to be apportioned to any State under
673:
The proposed amendment was adopted on December 5, 1933. It is the only amendment to have been ratified by
4366:
4294:
3911:
3760:
3664:
3622:
3617:
3020:
2706:
2671:
1636:
Maine Officially Ratifies Repeal of Prohibition: State Still Dry, However - Maine's Action Mere Formality
1134:
681:
674:
508:
1378:
541:" in the years after the repealing of the Eighteenth Amendment. Nonetheless, several states continue to
5008:
4962:
4899:
4321:
4204:
3968:
3714:
3161:
3130:
2853:
2618:
2613:
1126:
976:
684:
certified the amendment as having been passed by the required three-fourths of the states at 5:49 p.m.
612:
496:
1727:
4952:
4441:
3793:
3462:
3342:
3141:
2873:
2696:
2573:
2419:
879:
because "A classification recognized by the Twenty-first Amendment cannot be deemed forbidden by the
352:
1337:
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (December 6, 1933). "By The President Of The United States, A Proclamation".
967:
could be lawfully sold to adults under the age of 21 within the state. In a 7–2 majority opinion by
4891:
4337:
3431:
3301:
3165:
3025:
2944:
2790:
2780:
2648:
1753:
1138:
545:
the distribution of alcohol. Many states delegate their power to ban the importation of alcohol to
4274:
4234:
4078:
4053:
3946:
3221:
3169:
3095:
2923:
2800:
2795:
2731:
2701:
2643:
1061:
1035:
1021:
988:
937:
893:
876:
628:
577:
The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.
4359:
4109:
3840:
3384:
2903:
2828:
2775:
2726:
2550:
2200:
1955:
998:
980:
848:
546:
291:
2227:
1850:
1528:
Bay State Rushes Through Wet Vote: Convention Takes Only 20 Minutes to Cast Ballots for Repeal
4931:
4677:
4239:
4179:
4073:
3941:
3830:
3825:
3591:
2970:
2938:
2769:
2598:
2545:
2197:
2172:
2145:
2120:
2051:") (quoting S.D. Codified Laws §§ 35-6-27 & 35-4-78(2) (1975)) (Dunn, C.J., dissenting),
2047:... who is intoxicated at the time, or who is known to the seller to be an habitual drunkard.
1999:
1982:
1967:
1952:
1921:
1872:
1847:
1822:
1782:
975:. The Twenty-first Amendment could not constitute an "independent constitutional bar" to the
685:
284:
473:
1933 amendment repealing the 18th amendment, thereby ending prohibition of alcohol in the US
40:
3786:
3736:
3291:
3005:
3000:
2955:
2928:
2878:
2623:
2175:
2148:
2123:
1970:
1875:
1825:
955:
875:
before passage of the Twenty-first Amendment. In its second holding, the Court rejected an
623:
for alcohol. The federal government was incapable of stemming the tide: enforcement of the
533:
Section 1 of the Twenty-first Amendment expressly repeals the Eighteenth Amendment. Section
410:
3835:
514:
The Eighteenth Amendment was ratified on January 16, 1919, after years of advocacy by the
8:
4762:
4591:
4556:
4259:
4068:
4043:
3719:
3508:
3236:
3100:
2888:
2833:
2736:
2593:
1785:
1408:
971:, the Court held that the offer of benefits is not coercion that inappropriately invades
515:
4814:
4631:
4536:
4496:
4104:
3998:
3988:
3916:
3421:
3405:
3266:
3080:
3055:
3040:
2950:
2918:
2908:
2868:
2858:
2002:
1985:
1924:
1261:
1253:
1279:
4856:
4851:
4834:
4772:
4767:
4727:
4722:
4657:
4596:
4586:
4581:
4561:
4315:
4154:
4099:
3741:
3487:
3472:
3452:
3326:
3201:
3180:
3152:
2756:
2583:
2188:
1616:
Utah Vote Ends Prohibition Era: State's Decisive Ballot Flashed to Nation, 3:32 p. m.
1265:
1245:
1030:
968:
964:
2232:
4876:
4757:
4732:
4717:
4511:
4426:
4254:
4164:
4003:
3363:
3110:
2985:
2913:
2898:
2633:
2578:
2540:
1237:
910:
279:
959:(1987), the Supreme Court upheld the withholding of some federal highway funds to
4829:
4802:
4782:
4707:
4692:
4682:
4626:
4546:
4541:
4416:
4289:
4279:
4244:
4209:
4149:
3850:
3648:
3596:
3477:
3436:
3347:
3271:
3175:
3157:
2893:
2863:
2721:
1460:
Rhode Island Casts Is Vote for Repeal: Governor Green Makes Address at Convention
1052:
947:
902:
872:
863:
2 enabled states to legislate with exceptionally broad constitutional powers. In
562:
527:
434:
1562:
Illinois, Tenth State, Ratifies Dry Law Repeal: 50 Delegates Cast Unanimous Vote
1203:
812:
The amendment was subsequently ratified by conventions in the following states:
4824:
4787:
4662:
4636:
4601:
4506:
4481:
4269:
3906:
3586:
3565:
3549:
3513:
3457:
3426:
3241:
1813:
993:
919:
888:
1706:
1686:
1669:
1652:
1635:
1595:
1561:
1544:
1527:
1510:
1493:
1442:
5045:
4871:
4839:
4819:
4809:
4697:
4672:
4621:
4571:
4551:
4526:
4516:
4501:
4491:
4476:
4456:
4431:
4421:
4411:
4382:
4284:
4264:
4219:
4199:
4184:
4159:
4114:
4023:
3691:
3612:
3570:
3539:
3467:
3389:
3261:
3231:
3147:
3050:
2761:
2716:
1615:
1578:
1476:
1459:
1249:
1174:
1422:
4919:
4777:
4687:
4667:
4641:
4616:
4521:
4461:
4436:
4406:
4396:
4249:
4229:
4194:
4174:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4058:
3978:
1016:
960:
844:
624:
620:
605:
523:
519:
476:
4881:
4846:
4797:
4576:
4531:
4471:
4446:
4401:
4169:
4139:
4038:
4008:
3926:
3809:
3643:
3523:
972:
839:
429:
4861:
4712:
4606:
4486:
4451:
4224:
4214:
4013:
3951:
3931:
3368:
1257:
667:
646:
422:
3778:
4747:
4742:
4702:
4611:
4566:
4466:
4189:
4119:
4028:
3993:
3956:
3276:
942:
637:
616:
538:
1517:. The Evansville Journal (Evansville, Indiana). June 27, 1933. p. 4.
1241:
417:
5030:
4924:
4866:
4752:
3973:
1642:. The Lewiston Daily Sun (Lewiston, Maine). December 7, 1933. p. 2.
670:, which proposed the Twenty-first Amendment, on February 20, 1933.
649:
1034:(2005) held that the Twenty-first Amendment does not overrule the
997:, provided a brief but notable dissent based solely on Section 2.
4018:
3311:
2741:
1713:. Enterprise-Journal (McComb, Mississippi). August 3, 1966. p. 1.
1707:
Pike, 3 Others to Remain 'Dry': 19 Counties Vote for Legal Liquor
1659:. The Independent-Record (Helena, Montana). August 7, 1934. p. 3.
1551:. Buffalo Evening News (Buffalo, New York). June 28, 1933. p. 16.
4351:
1585:. Sioux City Journal (Sioux City, Iowa). July 11, 1933. p. 1, 2.
4792:
4737:
1839:
California Retail Liquor Dealers Assn. v. Midcal Aluminum, Inc.
1477:
Wyoming Casts Formal Vote for Repeal: Final Action Is Unanimous
1602:. The Journal (Meriden, Connecticut). July 11, 1933. p. 1, 9.
1047:
goods, a privilege they had not enjoyed at any earlier time.
1384:. United States Government Printing Office. p. 16 (38)
1042:) and promulgated its most limited interpretation to date:
932:
that traditionally merit only the mildest review under the
1402:
1116:
In Maine, 8 state delegates were absent during the vote.
892:(1976), the Supreme Court found that analysis under the
691:
The various responses of the 48 states is as follows:
501:
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
2262:
2111:, 429 U.S. at 218 (O'Connor, J., dissenting) (citing
1423:
Immediate Action Promised on State Beer and Wine Bill
1379:"Amendments to the Constitution of the United States"
940:
in particular, the Court clarified that, while not a
1693:(Charlotte, North Carolina). November 8, 1933. p. 1.
1596:
Connecticut 12th to Vote to End National Prohibition
909:
2 of the Twenty-first Amendment does not affect the
5026:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
3937:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
1676:(Columbia, South Carolina). December 5, 1933. p. 1.
3686:Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787
2228:CRS Annotated Constitution: Twenty first Amendment
1975:Department of Revenue v. James Beam Distilling Co.
1079:List of alcohol laws of the United States by state
1801:State Board of Equalization v. Young's Market Co.
1775:State Board of Equalization v. Young's Market Co.
1449:(Wilmington, Delaware). June 24, 1933. p. 1, 20).
1396:
1164:, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1991.
1040:State Board of Equalization v. Young's Market Co.
865:State Board of Equalization v. Young's Market Co.
5043:
1958: (1944) (Frankfurter, J., concurring);
1500:(New Brunswick, New Jersey). June 1, 1933. p. 1.
1226:"The Ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment"
619:, became rich from a profitable, often violent,
1724:"Something to celebrate: Repeal of Prohibition"
1494:State Formally Votes Repeal at Convention 202-2
1443:Delaware Repeal Convention Acts Against Dry Law
3697:Bibliography of the United States Constitution
1726:. Msbrew.com. December 6, 2007. Archived from
1299:
1297:
4367:
3922:Association Against the Prohibition Amendment
3794:
2248:
1941:Hostetter v. Idlewild Bon Voyage Liquor Corp.
1892:Hostetter v. Idlewild Bon Voyage Liquor Corp.
1511:Indiana Formally Votes For Prohibition Repeal
1183:, New York: Viking Press, 2003. (pp. 246–47).
1180:Great Fortune: The Epic of Rockefeller Center
694:The following states ratified the amendment:
454:
5067:History of drug control in the United States
5057:Amendments to the United States Constitution
1670:State Goes Officially Against Dry Law Repeal
1466:(Newport, Rhode Island). May 12, 1933. p. 4.
1429:(Ludington, Michigan). April 11, 1933. p. 1.
1089:Section 113 of the Constitution of Australia
965:alcohol content below a specified percentage
655:
2215:, 544 U.S. at 514 (Thomas, J., dissenting).
1910:, 384 U.S. 35, 47–48 and 50–51 (1966); and
1437:
1435:
1411:: University of Michigan Press, p. 209
1367:Universal Newspaper Newsreel from late 1933
1317:
1315:
1294:
1204:"Ratification of Constitutional Amendments"
4374:
4360:
3984:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
3801:
3787:
2255:
2241:
834:
461:
447:
1908:Joseph E. Seagram & Sons v. Hostetter
1796:
1794:
1750:"Restrictions still rule Kansas industry"
1701:
1699:
1336:
677:, specifically selected for the purpose.
557:2 has occasionally arisen as an issue in
3753:Scene at the Signing of the Constitution
1991:Collins v. Yosemite Park & Curry Co.
1630:
1628:
1483:(Casper, Wyoming). May 25, 1933. p.1, 2.
1432:
1312:
1055:argued that the plain meaning of Section
475:
3808:
1610:
1608:
1352:"What Will Defeat Our New Experiment".
5044:
2063:, S.D. Codified Laws § 35-4-78 (2009).
1943:, 377 U.S. 324, 330 & 322 (1964);
1791:
1696:
1403:Everett Somerville Brown, ed. (1938),
4355:
3962:List of dry communities by U.S. state
3782:
2236:
1625:
1579:Iowa Formally Ratifies Dry Law Repeal
1223:
1201:
1084:List of dry communities by U.S. state
553:throughout the United States. Section
4034:Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922
1605:
1571:
991:, author of the majority opinion in
859:Early rulings suggested that Section
3886:Australian prohibition referendums
3720:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom
3247:Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
2165:Capital Cities Cable, Inc. v. Crisp
2137:44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island
2113:Capital Cities Cable, Inc. v. Crisp
1545:New York Ratifies Repeal of Dry Law
1008:44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island
720:Massachusetts: June 26, 1933 (45–0)
13:
4084:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
3882:21st Amendment (U.S. Constitution)
3877:18th Amendment (U.S. Constitution)
2811:Drafting and ratification timeline
2556:District of Columbia Voting Rights
1752:. Findarticles.com. Archived from
549:and municipalities, and there are
518:. The subsequent enactment of the
480:The Twenty-first Amendment in the
317:Drafting and ratification timeline
14:
5093:
4381:
2264:Constitution of the United States
2221:
2178: (1984)) (quotation omitted).
1894:377 U.S. 324, 330 and n.9 (1964))
1230:American Political Science Review
829:
732:Connecticut: July 11, 1933 (50–0)
526:for alcohol, fueling the rise of
5072:Alcohol law in the United States
5062:Prohibition in the United States
2667:Convention to propose amendments
1622:. December 6, 1933. p. 1, 6, 15.
1498:The Central New Jersey Home News
1074:Alcoholic beverage control state
854:
711:New Jersey: June 1, 1933 (202–2)
705:Rhode Island: May 8, 1933 (31–0)
702:Wisconsin: April 25, 1933 (15–0)
602:Prohibition in the United States
503:, which had mandated nationwide
428:
416:
404:
39:
4311:National Prohibition Party (UK)
2206:
2181:
2154:
2129:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2027:
2008:
1930:
1897:
1881:
1856:
1831:
1806:
1768:
1742:
1716:
1679:
1662:
1653:Montana Ratifies 21st Amendment
1645:
1588:
1554:
1537:
1520:
1503:
1486:
1469:
1464:Newport Mercury and Weekly News
1452:
1415:
1371:
1360:
1356:. December 25, 1933. p. 4.
1345:
1119:
1110:
1101:
723:New York: June 27, 1933 (150–0)
717:Indiana: June 26, 1933 (246–83)
699:Michigan: April 10, 1933 (99–1)
4064:Voluntary Committee of Lawyers
4049:Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913
3282:Separation of church and state
2059:, 327 N.W.2d 120 (S.D. 1982),
2005: (1938)) (emphasis added).
1927: (1955)) (emphasis added).
1330:
1326:. December 6, 1933. p. 3.
1308:. December 6, 1933. p. 1.
1272:
1217:
1195:
1192:(Article V, U.S. Constitution)
1186:
1167:
1154:
1125:In August 1966, Mississippi's
985:Article I, section 8, clause 1
820:Montana: August 6, 1934 (45–4)
817:Maine: December 6, 1933 (72–0)
801:Pennsylvania: December 5, 1933
726:Illinois: July 10, 1933 (50–0)
714:Delaware: June 24, 1933 (17–0)
106:Amendments to the Constitution
1:
4341:(2011 documentary miniseries)
2786:Virginia Ratifying Convention
1960:Finch & Co. v. McKittrick
1913:Williamson v. Lee Optical Co.
1864:Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc.
1202:Mount, Steve (January 2007).
1148:
804:Utah: December 5, 1933 (20–0)
595:
5021:American Vineyard Foundation
3747:National Constitution Center
3545:Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer
2844:Assemble and Petition Clause
2018:23 U.S.C. § 158(a)(1) (2009)
1173:Letter on Prohibition – see
1162:The Economics of Prohibition
786:New Mexico: November 2, 1933
768:Colorado: September 26, 1933
741:West Virginia: July 25, 1933
735:New Hampshire: July 11, 1933
708:Wyoming: May 25, 1933 (65–0)
662:Presidency of Herbert Hoover
7:
5082:73rd United States Congress
4295:Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith
3912:American Temperance Society
3618:Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
2672:State ratifying conventions
2609:Equal Opportunity to Govern
2604:Electoral College abolition
2531:Congressional Apportionment
2163:, 517 U.S. at 516 (quoting
1304:"The Repeal Proclamation".
1067:
795:Kentucky: November 27, 1933
774:Minnesota: October 10, 1933
771:Washington: October 3, 1933
765:Vermont: September 23, 1933
675:state ratifying conventions
509:state ratifying conventions
372:Preamble and Articles I–VII
268:Congressional Apportionment
10:
5098:
5009:American Viticultural Area
4322:Scottish Prohibition Party
2053:overruled on other grounds
1939:, 429 U.S. at 206 (citing
1906:, 429 U.S. at 207 (citing
1890:, 429 U.S. at 207 (citing
1549:United Press International
1322:"Day's Repeal Timetable".
1224:Brown, Everett S. (1935).
926:importation of intoxicants
789:Florida: November 14, 1933
783:Virginia: October 25, 1933
780:Maryland: October 18, 1933
759:Arizona: September 5, 1933
753:Tennessee: August 11, 1933
729:Iowa: July 10, 1933 (90–0)
659:
599:
497:United States Constitution
5077:1933 in American politics
5001:
4940:
4890:
4650:
4389:
4330:
4303:
4092:
3869:
3816:
3705:
3677:
3657:
3636:
3605:
3579:
3558:
3532:
3496:
3445:
3414:
3398:
3377:
3356:
3335:
3319:
3310:
3189:
3071:Privileges and Immunities
2884:Congressional enforcement
2819:
2806:Rhode Island ratification
2697:Articles of Confederation
2684:
2662:
2639:Parental Rights amendment
2564:
2521:
2446:
2418:
2397:
2334:
2330:
2321:
2270:
1568:. July 11, 1933. p. 1, 6.
1534:. June 26, 1933. p. 1, 4.
762:Nevada: September 5, 1933
756:Missouri: August 29, 1933
738:California: July 24, 1933
666:The Congress adopted the
656:Proposal and ratification
353:Reconstruction Amendments
3900:Western Australian, 1950
3890:Western Australian, 1925
3302:Unitary executive theory
3076:Privileges or Immunities
2791:New York Circular Letter
2781:Massachusetts Compromise
1687:Surprise Vote Is Tallied
1427:The Ludington Daily News
1094:
1062:negative Commerce Clause
1028:Most recently, however,
815:
792:Texas: November 24, 1933
744:Arkansas: August 1, 1933
561:cases that touch on the
551:numerous dry communities
411:United States portal
21:This article is part of
4275:William Harvey Thompson
4235:The LaMontages brothers
4054:United Kingdom Alliance
3222:Dormant Commerce Clause
3066:Presidential succession
2801:Fayetteville Convention
2796:Hillsborough Convention
2732:Three-fifths Compromise
2712:Philadelphia Convention
2702:Mount Vernon Conference
2589:Campaign finance reform
1354:Salt Lake City Telegram
1036:Dormant Commerce Clause
1022:Dormant Commerce Clause
969:Chief Justice Rehnquist
963:, because beer with an
938:Dormant Commerce Clause
930:purely economic matters
894:Equal Protection Clause
835:State and local control
777:Idaho: October 17, 1933
750:Alabama: August 8, 1933
629:John D. Rockefeller Jr.
568:
4915:Twenty-first Amendment
4110:Thomas Holliday Barker
3385:William Samuel Johnson
3257:Nondelegation doctrine
2829:Admission to the Union
2776:Anti-Federalist Papers
2727:Connecticut Compromise
1051:In a lengthy dissent,
1049:
877:equal protection claim
798:Ohio: December 5, 1933
747:Oregon: August 7, 1933
643:
593:
505:prohibition on alcohol
489:Twenty-first Amendment
484:
4932:Vine and Olive Colony
4180:Frederic Richard Lees
4074:Wickersham Commission
3942:Bureau of Prohibition
3895:New South Wales, 1928
3856:Russia / Soviet Union
3592:Richard Dobbs Spaight
3061:Presidential Electors
3036:Original Jurisdiction
2976:Full Faith and Credit
2849:Assistance of Counsel
2770:The Federalist Papers
2599:Crittenden Compromise
2061:superseded by statute
1620:The Salt Lake Tribune
1280:"Citizen or Subject?"
1044:
987:of the Constitution.
633:
572:
479:
393:Unratified Amendments
260:Unratified Amendments
49:Preamble and Articles
5052:1933 in American law
4910:Eighteenth Amendment
3761:A More Perfect Union
3737:Constitution Gardens
3658:Convention Secretary
3320:Convention President
3292:Symmetric federalism
3287:Separation of powers
3021:Necessary and Proper
3016:Natural-born citizen
2961:Freedom of the Press
2899:Copyright and Patent
2889:Contingent Elections
2707:Annapolis Convention
956:South Dakota v. Dole
934:Fourteenth Amendment
915:Establishment Clause
898:Fourteenth Amendment
631:stated in a letter:
33:of the United States
4260:Howard Hyde Russell
4079:Willis–Campbell Act
4044:Temperance movement
3947:Cullen–Harrison Act
3810:Alcohol prohibition
3768:Worldwide influence
3509:Gunning Bedford Jr.
3237:Executive privilege
3217:Criminal sentencing
3140:Title of Nobility (
3131:Taxing and Spending
3031:Oath or Affirmation
2991:House Apportionment
2854:Case or Controversy
2737:Committee of Detail
2629:"Liberty" amendment
2594:Christian amendment
2036:, 429 U.S. at 205;
1730:on January 15, 2013
1481:Casper Star-Tribune
1409:Ann Arbor, Michigan
613:temperance movement
516:temperance movement
435:Politics portal
386:Amendments XI–XXVII
4105:Harry J. Anslinger
3999:Neo-prohibitionism
3989:Molly Pitcher Club
3917:Anti-Saloon League
3422:William Livingston
3406:Alexander Hamilton
3212:Criminal procedure
3207:Constitutional law
3142:Foreign Emoluments
3106:State of the Union
3091:Self-Incrimination
3081:Recess appointment
2874:Compulsory Process
2536:Titles of Nobility
2087:, 429 U.S. at 209.
2075:, 429 U.S. at 211.
1945:Carter v. Virginia
1691:The Charlotte News
1324:The New York Times
1306:The New York Times
485:
297:D.C. Voting Rights
275:Titles of Nobility
5039:
5038:
4852:St. Vincent grape
4349:
4348:
4316:Prohibition Party
4304:Political parties
4240:Lanzetta Brothers
4155:Clinton N. Howard
4100:Martha Meir Allen
3776:
3775:
3742:Constitution Week
3727:Independence Mall
3715:National Archives
3673:
3672:
3488:Gouverneur Morris
3473:Thomas Fitzsimons
3453:Benjamin Franklin
3327:George Washington
3227:Enumerated powers
3202:Concurrent powers
3197:Balance of powers
3026:No Religious Test
2966:Freedom of Speech
2757:Independence Hall
2680:
2679:
2584:Bricker amendment
2517:
2516:
2189:Granholm v. Heald
1988: (1964); and
1803:, 299 U.S. at 64.
1339:The Reading Times
1031:Granholm v. Heald
973:state sovereignty
482:National Archives
471:
470:
5089:
4733:Gamay Beaujolais
4376:
4369:
4362:
4353:
4352:
4255:Arnold Rothstein
4165:Enoch L. Johnson
4004:Roaring Twenties
3803:
3796:
3789:
3780:
3779:
3732:Constitution Day
3623:Charles Pinckney
3432:William Paterson
3364:Nathaniel Gorham
3317:
3316:
3096:Speech or Debate
2924:Equal Protection
2634:Ludlow amendment
2619:Flag Desecration
2614:Federal Marriage
2579:Blaine amendment
2541:Corwin Amendment
2332:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2185:
2179:
2158:
2152:
2133:
2127:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2050:
2046:
2041:Griffin v. Sebek
2031:
2025:
2023:
2012:
2006:
1934:
1928:
1901:
1895:
1885:
1879:
1860:
1854:
1835:
1829:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1789:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1756:on July 11, 2012
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1714:
1711:Associated Press
1703:
1694:
1683:
1677:
1666:
1660:
1657:Associated Press
1649:
1643:
1640:Associated Press
1632:
1623:
1612:
1603:
1600:Associated Press
1592:
1586:
1583:Associated Press
1575:
1569:
1558:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1532:The Boston Globe
1524:
1518:
1515:Associated Press
1507:
1501:
1490:
1484:
1473:
1467:
1456:
1450:
1447:The News Journal
1439:
1430:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1375:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1236:(6): 1005–1017.
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1171:
1165:
1158:
1142:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1058:
999:Justice O'Connor
911:Supremacy Clause
908:
870:
862:
682:William Phillips
556:
543:closely regulate
536:
463:
456:
449:
433:
432:
421:
420:
409:
408:
407:
43:
18:
17:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5035:
4997:
4936:
4886:
4815:Rogers' Hybrids
4651:Grape cultivars
4646:
4385:
4380:
4350:
4345:
4326:
4299:
4290:Frances Willard
4280:Andrew Volstead
4245:The Purple Gang
4210:J. Howard Moore
4150:J. Edgar Hoover
4088:
4069:Webb–Kenyon Act
3865:
3812:
3807:
3777:
3772:
3707:
3701:
3669:
3665:William Jackson
3653:
3649:Abraham Baldwin
3632:
3601:
3597:Hugh Williamson
3575:
3554:
3528:
3519:Richard Bassett
3492:
3478:Jared Ingersoll
3441:
3437:Jonathan Dayton
3410:
3394:
3373:
3352:
3348:Nicholas Gilman
3331:
3306:
3272:Reserved powers
3252:Judicial review
3185:
2981:General Welfare
2904:Double Jeopardy
2815:
2742:List of Framers
2722:New Jersey Plan
2676:
2658:
2654:Victims' Rights
2574:Balanced budget
2560:
2513:
2442:
2414:
2393:
2317:
2266:
2261:
2224:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2186:
2182:
2159:
2155:
2134:
2130:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2048:
2044:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2013:
2009:
1935:
1931:
1902:
1898:
1886:
1882:
1861:
1857:
1836:
1832:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1792:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1704:
1697:
1684:
1680:
1667:
1663:
1650:
1646:
1633:
1626:
1613:
1606:
1593:
1589:
1576:
1572:
1566:Chicago Tribune
1559:
1555:
1542:
1538:
1525:
1521:
1508:
1504:
1491:
1487:
1474:
1470:
1457:
1453:
1440:
1433:
1420:
1416:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1242:10.2307/1947315
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1172:
1168:
1160:Mark Thornton,
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1131:Jefferson Davis
1124:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1070:
1056:
1013:First Amendment
989:Justice Brennan
948:Commerce Clause
917:. However, the
906:
903:Commerce Clause
873:Commerce Clause
868:
860:
857:
837:
832:
823:
807:
664:
658:
608:
600:Main articles:
598:
571:
563:Commerce Clause
554:
534:
528:organized crime
474:
467:
427:
415:
405:
403:
357:
301:
257:
256:
100:
32:
12:
11:
5:
5095:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4812:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4592:South Carolina
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4557:North Carolina
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4379:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4356:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4270:Eliza Thompson
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4145:William Harvey
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3907:American Mafia
3904:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3806:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3711:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3606:South Carolina
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3587:William Blount
3583:
3581:
3580:North Carolina
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3550:Daniel Carroll
3547:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3514:John Dickinson
3511:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3458:Thomas Mifflin
3455:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3427:David Brearley
3424:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3297:Taxation power
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:Implied powers
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3190:Interpretation
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
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3138:
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3086:Recommendation
3083:
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2971:Fugitive Slave
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2941:
2939:Excessive Bail
2936:
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2839:Appropriations
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2649:Single subject
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2420:Reconstruction
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2336:Bill of Rights
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2222:External links
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2205:
2180:
2153:
2128:
2101:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2057:Walz v. Hudson
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2007:
1929:
1896:
1880:
1855:
1830:
1814:Craig v. Boren
1805:
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1066:
1064:restraints".
1053:Justice Thomas
994:Craig v. Boren
977:spending power
920:Craig v. Boren
889:Craig v. Boren
856:
853:
845:municipalities
836:
833:
831:
830:Implementation
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423:Law portal
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379:Amendments I–X
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4678:Black Spanish
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4390:Wine by state
4388:
4384:
4383:American wine
4377:
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4370:
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4342:
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4285:Wayne Wheeler
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4265:Dutch Schultz
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4220:Carrie Nation
4218:
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4208:
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4205:William McCoy
4203:
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4200:Joseph Malins
4198:
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4185:Lucky Luciano
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4160:Bumpy Johnson
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4115:Lyman Beecher
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4024:Sly-grog shop
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3468:George Clymer
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3463:Robert Morris
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3390:Roger Sherman
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3336:New Hampshire
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3262:Plenary power
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3232:Equal footing
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3153:Trial by Jury
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3006:Ineligibility
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3001:Import-Export
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2956:Free Exercise
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2945:Ex Post Facto
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2929:Establishment
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2644:School Prayer
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2161:44 Liquormart
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1175:Daniel Okrent
1170:
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936:". As to the
935:
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912:
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855:Court rulings
852:
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559:Supreme Court
552:
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531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
499:repealed the
498:
494:
493:Amendment XXI
490:
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341:Republicanism
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29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
5002:Other topics
4983:South Dakota
4920:Volstead Act
4914:
4778:Minnesota 78
4688:Cayuga White
4597:South Dakota
4587:Rhode Island
4582:Pennsylvania
4562:North Dakota
4338:
4250:George Remus
4230:Roy Olmstead
4195:Owney Madden
4175:Meyer Lansky
4135:Texas Guinan
4130:Waxey Gordon
4125:Mickey Duffy
4059:Volstead Act
3979:Local option
3881:
3759:
3751:
3684:
3483:James Wilson
3446:Pennsylvania
3343:John Langdon
3101:Speedy Trial
2943:
2834:Appointments
2768:
2551:Equal Rights
2478:
2447:20th century
2212:
2208:
2203: (2005).
2201:460, 484-485
2187:
2183:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151: (1996).
2135:
2131:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2015:
2010:
1989:
1974:
1959:
1956:131, 139-140
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878: (1982).
1862:
1858:
1853: (1980).
1837:
1833:
1828: (1976).
1812:
1808:
1800:
1788: (1936).
1774:
1770:
1760:December 19,
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the original
1744:
1734:December 19,
1732:. Retrieved
1728:the original
1718:
1710:
1690:
1681:
1673:
1664:
1656:
1647:
1639:
1619:
1599:
1590:
1582:
1573:
1565:
1556:
1548:
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1531:
1522:
1514:
1505:
1497:
1488:
1480:
1471:
1463:
1454:
1446:
1426:
1417:
1404:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1373:
1362:
1353:
1347:
1341:. p. 8.
1338:
1332:
1323:
1305:
1283:. Retrieved
1274:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1209:February 24,
1207:. Retrieved
1197:
1188:
1178:
1169:
1161:
1156:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1017:Rhode Island
1006:
1004:
992:
961:South Dakota
954:
952:
941:
929:
925:
918:
887:
885:
864:
858:
838:
824:
811:
808:
693:
690:
679:
672:
665:
644:
634:
625:Volstead Act
621:black market
609:
606:Volstead Act
587:
586:
580:
579:
574:
573:
532:
524:black market
520:Volstead Act
513:
492:
488:
486:
292:Equal Rights
258:
219:
31:Constitution
15:
4948:New England
4905:Prohibition
4882:Vidal blanc
4847:Scuppernong
4798:Olmo grapes
4763:La Crescent
4512:Mississippi
4427:Connecticut
4339:Prohibition
4170:Norman Kerr
4140:Frank Hamer
4039:Teetotalism
4009:Rum-running
3927:Bathtub gin
3644:William Few
3524:Jacob Broom
3504:George Read
3378:Connecticut
3312:Signatories
3162:Legislative
3136:Territorial
3056:Presentment
3041:Origination
2996:Impeachment
2951:Extradition
2919:Engagements
2909:Due Process
2859:Citizenship
2546:Child Labor
1851:97, 112-114
1388:December 3,
979:granted to
851:(or both).
840:Mississippi
285:Child Labor
5046:Categories
4978:New Mexico
4973:New Jersey
4900:California
4862:Traminette
4713:Corot noir
4627:Washington
4547:New Mexico
4542:New Jersey
4417:California
4225:Eliot Ness
4215:Bugs Moran
4014:Rum Patrol
3952:Dry county
3932:Blaine Act
3826:Bangladesh
3818:By country
3756:(painting)
3708:and legacy
3566:John Blair
3415:New Jersey
3369:Rufus King
3267:Preemption
3181:War Powers
3116:Suspension
2934:Exceptions
2624:Human Life
2523:Unratified
2323:Amendments
1285:August 24,
1149:References
881:Fourteenth
668:Blaine Act
660:See also:
647:grassroots
596:Background
588:Section 3.
581:Section 2.
575:Section 1.
539:dry states
336:Federalism
324:Convention
4857:St. Pepin
4835:Massasoit
4773:Marquette
4768:La Crosse
4748:Jaeger 70
4743:Ives noir
4728:Frontenac
4723:Edelweiss
4703:Chardonel
4658:Alexander
4637:Wisconsin
4602:Tennessee
4507:Minnesota
4482:Louisiana
4190:Sam Maceo
4120:Al Capone
4029:Speakeasy
3994:Moonshine
3957:Dry state
3277:Saxbe fix
3166:Executive
3121:Take Care
3111:Supremacy
2986:Guarantee
2914:Elections
2685:Formation
2398:1795–1804
1674:The State
1266:147106828
1250:0003-0554
943:pro tanto
638:speakeasy
617:Al Capone
591:Congress.
495:) to the
363:Full text
5031:Meritage
4993:Virginia
4968:Missouri
4958:Illinois
4941:Wineries
4925:Vine-Glo
4877:Vignoles
4867:Thomcord
4758:Lakemont
4753:Kay Gray
4718:Delaware
4622:Virginia
4572:Oklahoma
4552:New York
4527:Nebraska
4517:Missouri
4502:Michigan
4492:Maryland
4477:Kentucky
4457:Illinois
4432:Delaware
4422:Colorado
4412:Arkansas
3974:Jazz Age
3870:By topic
3559:Virginia
3533:Maryland
3497:Delaware
3399:New York
3176:Vicinage
3170:Judicial
2894:Contract
2864:Commerce
2752:Printing
2566:Proposed
2278:Preamble
2271:Articles
2213:Granholm
2176:691, 712
2149:484, 516
2124:691, 716
1971:395, 398
1876:116, 122
1826:190, 206
1068:See also
981:Congress
849:counties
650:politics
547:counties
58:Preamble
23:a series
4892:History
4830:Herbert
4803:Royalty
4783:Niagara
4708:Clinton
4698:Concord
4693:Cassady
4683:Catawba
4642:Wyoming
4617:Vermont
4522:Montana
4462:Indiana
4442:Georgia
4437:Florida
4407:Arizona
4397:Alabama
4331:Related
4019:Rum row
3841:Iceland
3836:Finland
3706:Display
3678:Related
3637:Georgia
3158:Vesting
3126:Takings
3011:Militia
2869:Compact
2821:Clauses
2747:Signing
2692:History
1258:1947315
1135:Lincoln
913:or the
896:of the
641:before.
329:Signing
307:History
4963:Kansas
4825:Goethe
4793:Noiret
4788:Norton
4738:Himrod
4663:Agawam
4577:Oregon
4532:Nevada
4472:Kansas
4447:Hawaii
4402:Alaska
4093:People
3831:Canada
3764:(film)
3148:Treaty
3051:Postal
3046:Pardon
2192:,
2167:,
2140:,
2115:,
2045:
2038:accord
2022:
1994:,
1977:,
1962:,
1947:,
1916:,
1867:,
1842:,
1817:,
1786:59, 62
1777:,
1264:
1256:
1248:
1137:, and
1127:Attala
1057:
983:under
907:
869:
861:
555:
535:
280:Corwin
25:on the
4953:Idaho
4840:Requa
4820:Flora
4810:Onaka
4607:Texas
4487:Maine
4452:Idaho
4318:(USA)
3969:Islam
3846:India
2196:
2171:
2144:
2119:
2109:Craig
2097:Craig
2085:Craig
2073:Craig
2034:Craig
1998:
1981:
1966:
1951:
1937:Craig
1920:
1904:Craig
1888:Craig
1871:
1846:
1821:
1781:
1382:(PDF)
1262:S2CID
1254:JSTOR
1095:Notes
252:XXVII
232:XXIII
205:XVIII
5014:list
4988:Utah
4668:Beta
4612:Utah
4567:Ohio
4467:Iowa
3851:Iran
2198:U.S.
2173:U.S.
2146:U.S.
2121:U.S.
2000:U.S.
1983:U.S.
1968:U.S.
1953:U.S.
1922:U.S.
1873:U.S.
1848:U.S.
1823:U.S.
1783:U.S.
1762:2011
1736:2011
1390:2018
1287:2010
1246:ISSN
1211:2007
1139:Pike
883:."
636:the
604:and
569:Text
487:The
247:XXVI
237:XXIV
225:XXII
198:XVII
178:XIII
151:VIII
2313:VII
2293:III
2194:544
2169:467
2142:517
2117:467
2016:See
2003:518
1996:304
1986:341
1979:377
1964:305
1949:321
1925:483
1918:348
1869:459
1844:445
1819:429
1779:299
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1238:doi
1005:In
953:In
950:".
886:In
847:or
686:EST
242:XXV
220:XXI
210:XIX
193:XVI
183:XIV
173:XII
146:VII
126:III
96:VII
76:III
5048::
3168:/
3164:/
2509:27
2504:26
2499:25
2494:24
2489:23
2484:22
2479:21
2474:20
2469:19
2464:18
2459:17
2454:16
2438:15
2433:14
2428:13
2410:12
2405:11
2389:10
2308:VI
2298:IV
2288:II
2055:,
1793:^
1698:^
1627:^
1618:"
1607:^
1434:^
1407:,
1314:^
1296:^
1260:.
1252:.
1244:.
1234:29
1232:.
1228:.
1177:,
1133:,
1129:,
1015:.
565:.
511:.
215:XX
188:XV
168:XI
156:IX
141:VI
131:IV
121:II
91:VI
81:IV
71:II
4375:e
4368:t
4361:v
3802:e
3795:t
3788:v
3172:)
3160:(
3144:)
2384:9
2379:8
2374:7
2369:6
2364:5
2359:4
2354:3
2349:2
2344:1
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2256:e
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2242:v
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1668:"
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448:v
263::
161:X
136:V
116:I
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66:I
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