589:, though some patients did receive these medications. These medications are considered the standard of care in alcohol use disorder treatment among medical experts and have demonstrated efficacy in randomized-controlled trials in promoting alcohol abstinence. A systematic review published in 2017 found that twelve-step programs for reducing illicit drug use are neither better nor worse than other interventions, though the researchers behind the review noted the weakness of most of the studies analyzed, which may lead to interpretations of their results that did not accurately reflect the actual picture.
463:
the First Step of the life of the alcoholic or addict as "unmanageable" refers to the lack of choice that the mind of the addict or alcoholic affords concerning whether to drink or use again. The illness of the spiritual dimension, or "spiritual malady," is considered in all twelve-step groups to be self-centeredness. The process of working the steps is intended to replace self-centeredness with a growing moral consciousness and a willingness for self-sacrifice and unselfish constructive action. In twelve-step groups, this is known as a "spiritual awakening." This should not be confused with
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allergy-like bodily reaction resulting in the compulsion to continue using substances even when it's harmful or wanting to quit. The statement in the First Step that the individual is "powerless" over the substance-abuse related behavior at issue refers to the lack of control over this compulsion, which persists despite any negative consequences that may be endured as a result.
281:. In 1946 they formally established the twelve traditions to help deal with the issues of how various groups could relate and function as membership grew. The practice of remaining anonymous (using only one's first names) when interacting with the general public was published in the first edition of the AA Big Book.
553:
Alcoholics
Anonymous is the largest of all of the twelve-step programs (from which all other twelve-step programs are derived), followed by Narcotics Anonymous; the majority of twelve-step members are recovering from addiction to alcohol or other drugs. The majority of twelve-step programs, however,
470:
In accordance with the First Step, twelve-step groups emphasize self-admission by members of the problem they are recovering from. It is in this spirit that members often identify themselves along with an admission of their problem, often as "Hi, I’m [first name only], and I’m an alcoholic".
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The mental obsession is described as the cognitive processes that cause the individual to repeat the compulsive behavior after some period of abstinence, either knowing that the result will be an inability to stop or operating under the delusion that the result will be different. The description in
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These observations would be academic and pointless if never took the first drink, thereby setting the terrible cycle in motion. Therefore, the main problem...centers in his mind....The fact is that most alcoholics...have lost the power of choice in drink...unable, at certain times, to bring into
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discussion and study, meditation, and writing. Completing the program usually implies competency to guide newcomers which is often encouraged. Sponsees typically do their Fifth Step, review their moral inventory written as part of the Fourth Step, with their sponsor. The Fifth Step, as well as the
514:
A study of sponsorship as practiced in
Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous found that providing direction and support to other alcoholics and addicts is associated with sustained abstinence for the sponsor, but suggested that there were few short-term benefits for the sponsee's one-year
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In the twelve-step program, the human structure is symbolically represented in three dimensions: physical, mental, and spiritual. The problems the groups deal with are understood to manifest themselves in each dimension. For addicts and alcoholics, the physical dimension is best described by the
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Sponsors share their experience, strength, and hope with their sponsees... A sponsor's role is not that of a legal adviser, a banker, a parent, a marriage counselor, or a social worker. Nor is a sponsor a therapist offering some sort of professional advice. A sponsor is simply another addict in
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A sponsor is a more experienced person in recovery who guides the less-experienced aspirant ("sponsee") through the program's twelve steps. New members in twelve-step programs are encouraged to secure a relationship with at least one sponsor who both has a sponsor and has taken the twelve steps
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The personal nature of the behavioral issues that lead to seeking help in twelve-step fellowships results in a strong relationship between sponsee and sponsor. As the relationship is based on spiritual principles, it is unique and not generally characterized as "friendship". Fundamentally, the
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As AA chapters were increasing in number during the 1930s and 1940s, the guiding principles were gradually defined as the Twelve
Traditions. A singleness of purpose emerged as Tradition Five: "Each group has but one primary purpose—to carry its message to the alcoholic who still suffers".
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Where other twelve-step groups have adapted the AA steps as guiding principles, step one is generally updated to reflect the focus of recovery. For example, in
Overeaters Anonymous, the first step reads, "We admitted we were powerless over compulsive overeating—that our lives had become
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Sponsors and sponsees participate in activities that lead to spiritual growth. Experiences in the program are often shared by outgoing members with incoming members. This rotation of experience is often considered to have a great spiritual reward. These may include practices such as
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The Twelve
Traditions accompany the Twelve Steps. The Traditions provide guidelines for group governance. They were developed in AA in order to help resolve conflicts in the areas of publicity, politics, religion, and finances. Alcoholics Anonymous' Twelve Traditions are:
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Cheng, Hung-Yuan; McGuinness, Luke A; Elbers, Roy G; MacArthur, Georgina J; Taylor, Abigail; McAleenan, Alexandra; Dawson, Sarah; López-López, José A; Higgins, Julian P T; Cowlishaw, Sean; Lingford-Hughes, Anne; Hickman, Matthew; Kessler, David (November 25, 2020).
709:, while another review asserts that these programs bore little semblance to religious cults and that the techniques used appeared beneficial to some. Another study found that a twelve-step program's focus on self-admission of having a problem increases deviant
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studies have shown twelve-step programs provide similar benefit compared to motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and were more effective in producing continuous abstinence and remission compared to these approaches.
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In the past, some medical professionals have criticized twelve-step programs as "a cult that relies on God as the mechanism of action" and as lacking any experimental evidence in favor of its efficacy. Ethical and operational issues had prevented robust
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Harris, J., Best, D., Gossop, M., Marshall, J., Man, L.-H., Manning, V.; et al. (March 2003). "Prior alcoholics anonymous (AA) affiliation and the acceptability of the twelve steps to patients entering UK statutory addiction treatment".
558:, assists family members and friends of people who have alcoholism and other addictions. About twenty percent of twelve-step programs are for substance addiction recovery, the other eighty percent address a variety of problems from
467:, which produces dramatic, but temporary, changes. As a rule, in twelve-step fellowships, spiritual awakening occurs slowly over a period of time, although there are exceptions where members experience a sudden spiritual awakening.
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themselves. Publications from twelve-step fellowships emphasize that sponsorship is a "one on one" nonhierarchical relationship of shared experiences focused on working the Twelve Steps. According to
Narcotics Anonymous:
507:, a French philosopher, noted such practices produce intrinsic modifications in the person—exonerating, redeeming and purifying them; relieves them of their burden of wrong, liberating them and promising salvation.
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An AA group ought never endorse, finance, or lend the AA name to any related facility or outside enterprise, lest problems of money, property, and prestige divert us from our primary purpose.
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sponsor has the single purpose of helping the sponsee recover from the behavioral problem that brought the sufferer into twelve-step work, which reflexively helps the sponsor recover.
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Morgenstern, J., Bux, D., Labouvie, E., Blanchard, K. A., & Morgan, T. J. (November 2002). "Examining mechanisms of action in 12-step treatment: The role of 12-step cognitions".
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For our group purpose there is but one ultimate authority—a loving God as He may express
Himself in our group conscience. Our leaders are but trusted servants; they do not govern.
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who do not suffer from the specifics of alcoholism involved in AA hoping for recovery technically are not welcome in "closed" meetings unless they have a desire to stop drinking
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Crape, Byron L.; Latkin, Carl A.; Laris, Alexandra S.; Knowlton, Amy R. (February 2002). "The effects of sponsorship in 12-step treatment of injection drug users".
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717:, replacing it with the deviant identity. Another study asserts that the prior cultural identity may not be replaced entirely, but rather members found adapted a
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Our public relations policy is based on attraction rather than promotion; we need always to maintain personal anonymity at the level of press, radio, and films.
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Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics and to practice these principles in all our affairs.
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Coleman P (December 1, 2005). "Privilege and confidentiality in 12-step self-help programs. Believing the promises could be hazardous to an addict's freedom".
2373:"Alcoholics Anonymous and 12-Step Facilitation Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Distillation of a 2020 Cochrane Review for Clinicians and Policy Makers"
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consciousness with sufficient force the memory of the suffering and humiliation of a month or even a week ago. is without defense against the first drink.
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of
Alcoholics Anonymous showed that participation in AA resulted in more alcoholics being abstinent from alcohol and for longer periods of time than
566:. It would be an error to assume the effectiveness of twelve-step methods at treating problems in one domain translates to all or to another domain.
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Saulnier, Christine Flynn (1996). "Images of the Twelve-Step Model, and Sex and Love
Addiction in an Alcohol Intervention Group for Black Women".
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Sias, S. M., & Goodwin, L. R. Jr. (April 2007). "Students' reactions to attending 12-step meetings: Implications for counselor education".
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Levinson, David (1983). "Current Status of the Field: An
Anthropological Perspective on the Behavior Modification Treatment of Alcoholism".
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1953: ... this committee met regularly ... From the beginning ... 12 Steps ... 12 Traditions ... All Steps had 'We'
235:, for friends and family members of alcoholics and addicts, respectively, are part of a response to treating addiction as a disease that is
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problems, have been advised that they should alert their patients that, at any time, their statements made in meetings may be disclosed.
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from being conducted comparing twelve-step programs directly to other approaches. More recent studies employing non-randomized and
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AA, as such, ought never be organized; but we may create service boards or committees directly responsible to those they serve.
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The principles of AA have been used to form numerous other fellowships specifically designed for those recovering from various
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to improve our conscious contact with God, praying only for knowledge of His will for us and the power to carry that out.
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Anonymity is the spiritual foundation of all our traditions, ever reminding us to place principles before personalities.
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At some stage of his drinking career, he begins to lose all control of his liquor consumption, once he starts to drink.
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Levine, Betsy; Kellen, Bonnie (2000). "Chapter 18: Debtors Anonymous and Psychotherapy". In Benson, April Lane (ed.).
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Bøg, Martin; Filges, Trine; Brännström, Lars; Jørgensen, Anne-Marie Klint; Fredrikksson, Maja Karrman (January 2017).
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Alcoholics Anonymous has no opinion on outside issues; hence the AA name ought never be drawn into public controversy.
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Crnkovic, A. Elaine; DelCampo, Robert L. (March 1998). "A Systems Approach to the Treatment of Chemical Addiction".
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581:, and as effective as these in other measures. The 2020 review did not compare twelve step programs to the use of
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1158:"World Service Board of Trustees Bulletin #13: Some thoughts regarding our relationship to Alcoholics Anonymous"
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Alcoholics Anonymous should remain forever non-professional, but our service centers may employ special workers.
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96:. All twelve-step programs utilize a version of AA's suggested twelve steps first published in the 1939 book
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Borman, P. D., & Dixon, D. N. (Fall 1998). "Spirituality and the 12 steps of substance abuse recovery".
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Ronel, Natti (2000). "From Self-Help to Professional Care: An Enhanced Application of the 12-Step Program".
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White, William L.; Kurtz, Ernest (2008). "Twelve Defining Moments in the History of Alcoholics Anonymous".
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The Efficacy of Overeaters Anonymous in Fostering Abstinence in Binge-Easting Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa
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Freimuth, M. (July 2000). "Integrating group psychotherapy and 12-step work: A collaborative approach".
2141:"Alcohol-Use Disorders: Diagnosis, Assessment and Management of Harmful Drinking and Alcohol Dependence"
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address illnesses other than substance addiction. For example, the third-largest twelve-step program,
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Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others.
157:—with a worldwide membership of millions have adopted and adapted AA’s 12 Steps and 12 Traditions for
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2147:. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines. British Psychological Society (UK).
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243:(ACA or ACOA) addresses the effects of growing up in an alcoholic or otherwise dysfunctional family.
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Wright, Kevin B. (1997). "Shared ideology in Alcoholics Anonymous: a grounded theory approach".
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Hayes, Terrell (February 2000). "Stigmatizing Indebtedness: Implications for Labeling Theory".
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Each group has but one primary purpose—to carry its message to the alcoholic who still suffers.
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Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How More Than One Hundred Men Have Recovered from Alcoholism
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unmanageable." The third step is also sometimes altered to remove gender-specific pronouns.
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Genetics Behavioral Treatment Social Mediators and Prevention Current Concepts in Diagnosis
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Each group should be autonomous except in matters affecting other groups or AA as a whole.
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Demographic preferences related to the addicts' drug of choice has led to the creation of
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Kurtz, L. F., & Fisher, M. (May 2003). "Twelve-step recovery and community service".
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Simkin, D. R. (January 1996). "Twelve-step treatment from a development perspective".
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Freimuth, M. (199). "Psychotherapists' beliefs about the benefits of 12-step groups".
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Sheehan, T. (2004). "Twelve Step Facilitation: A Necessary Treatment for Offenders".
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Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), the first twelve-step fellowship, was founded in 1935 by
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Continued to take personal inventory, and when we were wrong, promptly admitted it.
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Every AA group ought to be fully self-supporting, declining outside contributions.
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We admitted we were powerless over alcohol—that our lives had become unmanageable.
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The following are the original twelve steps as published by Alcoholics Anonymous:
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was formed by addicts who did not relate to the specifics of alcohol dependency.
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Kelly, John F; Abry, Alexandra; Ferri, Marica; Humphreys, Keith (July 6, 2020).
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Kurtz LF, Chambon A (1987). "Comparison of self-help groups for mental health".
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Came to believe that a power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.
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helping others who suffer from the same alcoholism, addictions, or compulsions.
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Our common welfare should come first; personal recovery depends upon AA unity.
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Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Lynn, Steven Jay; Lohr, Jeffrey; Tavris, Carol (2015).
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1764:"The A.A. Group…Where it all begins How a group Functions How to get started"
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recovery who is willing to share his or her journey through the Twelve Steps.
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admitting that one cannot control one's alcoholism, addiction, or compulsion;
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Alexander, F.; Rollins, M. (1985). "Alcoholics Anonymous: the unseen cult".
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2013:"Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs for alcohol use disorder"
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Alcoholics Anonymous as a Mutual-help Movement: A Study in Eight Societies
1850:(Master of Arts, Sociology). Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida.
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Governing Wayward Consumers: Self-Change and Recovery in Debtors Anonymous
1684:"#SLAA Online Group of Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous: Sponsorship Online"
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Alcoholic thinking: Language, culture, and belief in Alcoholics Anonymous
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866:(4th ed.). Van Nuys, CA: Narcotics Anonymous World Service Office.
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in the public media and members are also asked to respect each other's
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examining past errors with the help of a sponsor (experienced member);
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have been derived from AA's approach to address problems as varied as
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1128:(4th ed.). Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. pp. 59–60.
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to whom confidentiality and privilege might apply. Professionals and
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Made a list of all persons we had harmed, and became willing to make
1737:. Van Nuys, CA: Narcotics Anonymous. January 1, 2004. Archived from
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1067:"For Anyone New Coming to A.A.; For Anyone Referring People to A.A."
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The only requirement for AA membership is a desire to stop drinking.
2606:. Recent Developments in Alcoholism. Vol. 1. pp. 255–61.
2062:"Alcoholics Anonymous vs. Other Approaches: The Evidence Is Now In"
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effects of twelve-step philosophy and labeled the organizations as
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Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of
232:
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Bill W.: A Biography of Alcoholics Anonymous Cofounder Bill Wilson
308:
Several terms ending in "step" redirect here. For other uses, see
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1445:(4th ed.). Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. p. 21.
1402:(4th ed.). Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. p. 21.
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251:) addresses compulsions related to relationships, referred to as
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Twelve-step methods have been adapted to address a wide range of
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I shop, therefore I am: compulsive buying and search for shelf
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30:"12 Steps" redirects here. For the song of the same name, see
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National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK) (2011).
1917:"NCJRS Abstract: National Criminal Justice Reference Service"
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do not encompass those associations that lack a professional
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1710:"Overeaters Anonymous Unity Intergroup Website: Sponsorship"
1660:. New York Crystal Meth Anonymous Intergroup. Archived from
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Marmor J (April 1, 1980). "Recent trends in psychotherapy".
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Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of
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Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves.
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180:. Behavioral issues such as compulsion for or addiction to
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problems. Over 200 mutual aid organizations—often known as
1732:"Sponsorship, Revised (pamphlet): What does a sponsor do?"
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
2219:"Alcoholics Anonymous Effectiveness: Faith Meets Science"
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903:(1). Springer Science + Business Media: 25–36.
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60:. Developed in the 1930s, the first twelve-step program,
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2011:
Kelly, John F.; Humphreys, Keith; Ferri, Marica (2020).
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1262:(April 1946). "Our A.A. Experience Has Taught Us That".
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Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc. Archived from
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learning to live a new life with a new code of behavior;
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2540:(1). Los Angeles: California State University: 33–48.
1830:. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
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from revealing information disclosed during meetings.
827:(4th ed.). Alcoholics Anonymous World Services.
277:, known to AA members as "Bill W." and "Dr. Bob", in
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Community reinforcement approach and family training
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Lile, B. (2003). "Twelve step programs: An update".
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National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK)
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2326:. Vol. 18. Springer New York. pp. 37–57.
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Self-help groups for mental health § Criticism
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Effectiveness of self-help groups for mental health
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685:who refer patients to these groups, to avoid both
2294:(Second ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
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2288:Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology
2178:"12-step programs for reducing illicit drug use"
2060:Frakt, Austin; Carroll, Aaron (March 11, 2020).
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2760:International Journal of Group Psychotherapy
2756:
2725:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2595:
2471:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2210:
2059:
1999:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1295:
1293:
1176:
1150:
1085:
365:Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcomings.
48:programs supporting recovery from substance
2993:
2733:
2479:
1819:
1817:
1800:P-15 Questions & Answers on Sponsorship
1771:P-16 The A.A. Group ... where it all begins
931:
888:
109:(APA), the process involves the following:
3106:
3092:
2645:"Chapter 7: Language, Culture, and Belief"
2636:
2560:
2429:
2321:
1931:
1802:. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc
1773:. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc
1512:
1007:(6). Alcoholics Anonymous. November 1949.
2922:Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment
2857:
2681:
2488:
2412:
2364:
2315:
2258:
2193:
2115:
2036:
1874:
1840:
1588:
1495:
1471:
1342:The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
1328:
1290:
1252:
1239:"The Twelve Steps of Marijuana Anonymous"
781:
27:Organizations for recovery from addiction
2919:
2601:
2216:
1970:
1964:
1814:
1793:"Questions & Answers on Sponsorship"
1518:
1205:
1104:About AA: A Newsletter for Professionals
1091:
1037:. Hazelden. February 2002. p. 150.
937:
607:Narcotics Anonymous § Controversies
2997:Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice
2655:: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.
2017:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1562:. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services.
1258:
1231:
1116:
529:Effectiveness of Crystal Meth Anonymous
14:
3842:
2642:
2566:
1937:
1862:from the original on December 19, 2015
1027:
814:
792:: American Psychological Association.
325:List of Twelve Step alternate wordings
3087:
1594:
1554:Alcoholics Anonymous (June 1, 1976).
1477:
1434:Alcoholics Anonymous (June 1, 2001).
1391:Alcoholics Anonymous (June 1, 2001).
1339:
777:
775:
741:Effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous
713:and strips members of their previous
619:Sexaholics Anonymous § Criticism
611:Overeaters Anonymous § Criticism
599:Alcoholics Anonymous § Criticism
525:Effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous
208:are addressed in fellowships such as
2842:"The trials of Alcoholics Anonymous"
2692:Journal of Psychology & Theology
1824:Kriz, Kerri-Lynn Murphy (May 2002).
1823:
696:
541:Effectiveness of Neurotics Anonymous
537:Effectiveness of Narcotics Anonymous
400:
3777:Discrimination against drug addicts
2443:. Jason Aronson. pp. 431–454.
2217:Kaskutas, Lee Ann (April 2, 2009).
1556:"Appendix II. Spiritual Experience"
603:Gamblers Anonymous § Criticism
545:Effectiveness of Nicotine Anonymous
533:Effectiveness of Gamblers Anonymous
72:, aided its membership to overcome
24:
3639:Tobacco cessation clinics in India
3041:10.1002/j.2161-1874.2007.tb00025.x
2676:
1521:The American Journal of Psychiatry
1186:. January 13, 2006. Archived from
1035:Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions
772:
756:Self-help groups for mental health
645:encourage members to practice the
636:
495:Ninth Step, have been compared to
107:American Psychological Association
25:
3881:
2324:Recent Developments in Alcoholism
1690:from the original on June 8, 2015
701:One review warned of detrimental
3824:
3823:
3702:Low-threshold treatment programs
3569:Motivational enhancement therapy
2934:10.1097/00132576-200302010-00004
2859:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01447.x
1626:"Sponsorship Q&A (pamphlet)"
1436:"Chapter 2: There Is a Solution"
1393:"Chapter 2: There Is a Solution"
579:motivational enhancement therapy
518:
3782:Dopamine dysregulation syndrome
3772:Category:Vaccines against drugs
2569:Journal of Health Communication
2169:
1909:
1785:
1756:
1497:10.1590/S1413-73722004000300008
1427:
1384:
942:. Macmillan. pp. 161–162.
303:
265:History of Alcoholics Anonymous
126:making amends for these errors;
2773:10.1080/00207284.2000.11491011
2737:Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly
2029:10.1002/14651858.CD012880.pub2
964:
474:
13:
1:
3405:Adverse childhood experiences
3076:10.1016/S1056-4993(18)30391-2
2952:Journal of Studies on Alcohol
2799:Journal of Studies on Alcohol
2491:The Journal of Legal Medicine
2223:Journal of Addictive Diseases
1948:University of Wisconsin Press
1919:. Ncjrs.gov. February 1, 2002
1895:10.1016/S0376-8716(01)00175-2
1841:Morenberg, Adam (July 2004).
766:
78:dozens of other organizations
34:. For the hip hop album, see
3634:Nicotine replacement therapy
3619:Intensive outpatient program
3607:Residential treatment center
3547:Cognitive behavioral therapy
2612:10.1007/978-1-4613-3617-4_14
1270:(11). Alcoholics Anonymous.
856:Narcotics Anonymous (1987).
820:
785:APA dictionary of psychology
626:randomized controlled trials
592:
575:cognitive behavioral therapy
241:Adult Children of Alcoholics
7:
3232:Internet addiction disorder
2332:10.1007/978-0-387-77725-2_3
2182:Campbell Systematic Reviews
1883:Drug and Alcohol Dependence
1658:"NYCMA: What is a Sponsor?"
897:Contemporary Family Therapy
782:VandenBos, Gary R. (2007).
724:
515:sustained abstinence rate.
136:
10:
3886:
3667:List of twelve-step groups
2840:Humphreys, K. (May 2006).
2705:10.1177/009164719802600306
1985:10.1177/002204269602600107
1478:Roehe, Marcelo V. (2004).
1213:"The 12 Steps of Recovery"
938:Hartigan, Francis (2001).
859:"Chapter 8: We Do Recover"
751:List of twelve-step groups
596:
522:
453:
404:
328:
322:
307:
262:
258:
29:
3819:
3749:
3732:Supervised injection site
3675:
3662:Addiction recovery groups
3654:
3614:Heroin-assisted treatment
3592:
3574:Motivational interviewing
3537:
3516:
3503:
3428:
3397:
3388:
3257:
3184:
3138:
3129:
2503:10.1080/01947640500364713
2235:10.1080/10550880902772464
1119:"Chapter 5: How It Works"
999:"The Twelve Traditions".
731:Addiction recovery groups
275:Dr. Robert Holbrook Smith
237:enabled by family systems
227:Auxiliary groups such as
3415:Psychological dependence
3249:Digital media addictions
2965:10.15288/jsa.2002.63.665
2878:Health & Social Work
2811:10.15288/jsa.2003.64.257
1354:10.1177/0021886300361006
1302:Health & Social Work
314:Eighth Step Coffee House
3717:Needle exchange program
3707:Managed alcohol program
3685:Category:Harm reduction
2581:10.1080/108107397127806
1609:10.1525/si.2000.23.1.29
1184:"NA History Chronology"
1097:"Singleness of Purpose"
909:10.1023/A:1025084516633
245:Co-Dependents Anonymous
120:that can give strength;
116:coming to believe in a
36:12 Step Program (album)
3737:Tobacco harm reduction
3557:Contingency management
3524:Alcohol detoxification
3237:Internet sex addiction
2682:Scholarly publications
2534:California Sociologist
2389:10.1093/alcalc/agaa050
2377:Alcohol and Alcoholism
1973:Journal of Drug Issues
1938:Makela, Klaus (1996).
487:
174:Crystal Meth Anonymous
3799:Motivational salience
3727:Stimulant maintenance
3712:Moderation Management
3624:Methadone maintenance
3010:10.1300/J158v04n03_05
2750:10.1300/J020V14N03_08
2643:Wilcox, D.M. (1998).
1533:10.1176/ajp.137.4.409
1117:Bill W. (June 2001).
821:Bill W. (June 2001).
482:
323:Further information:
263:Further information:
105:As summarized by the
54:behavioral addictions
3850:Twelve-step programs
3722:Responsible drug use
3579:Motivational therapy
3244:Video game addiction
2891:10.1093/hsw/28.2.137
1712:. September 19, 2007
1686:. February 5, 2007.
1597:Symbolic Interaction
1584:on December 5, 2008.
1560:Alcoholics Anonymous
1484:Psicologia Em Estudo
1443:Alcoholics Anonymous
1400:Alcoholics Anonymous
1314:10.1093/hsw/12.4.275
1126:Alcoholics Anonymous
824:Alcoholics Anonymous
218:Sexaholics Anonymous
214:Overeaters Anonymous
62:Alcoholics Anonymous
42:Twelve-step programs
3860:Drug rehabilitation
3646:Twelve-step program
3529:Drug detoxification
3410:Physical dependence
1219:on November 5, 2012
1093:Vaillant, George E.
1073:on January 17, 2008
864:Narcotics Anonymous
746:Group psychotherapy
736:Drug rehabilitation
178:Marijuana Anonymous
163:Narcotics Anonymous
86:compulsive gambling
3804:Incentive salience
3792:Inhibitory control
3767:Category:Addiction
3757:Addiction medicine
3552:Relapse prevention
3489:Tanning dependence
2195:10.4073/csr.2017.2
2067:The New York Times
1264:The A.A. Grapevine
1164:on October 6, 2007
1001:The A.A. Grapevine
976:barefootsworld.net
972:"Barefoot's World"
663:twelve-step groups
657:. This is a group
630:quasi-experimental
318:Ninth Step Station
316:, and
210:Gamblers Anonymous
76:. Since that time
44:are international
3837:
3836:
3787:Cognitive control
3745:
3744:
3629:Smoking cessation
3584:Physical exercise
3499:
3498:
3485:Non-drug stimuli
3384:
3383:
3228:Internet-related
2621:978-1-4613-3619-8
2341:978-0-387-77724-5
2154:978-1-904671-26-8
2100:10.1136/bmj.m3934
1486:(in Portuguese).
1452:978-1-893007-16-1
1409:978-1-893007-16-1
1135:978-1-893007-16-1
1044:978-0-916856-01-4
834:978-1-893007-16-1
799:978-1-59147-380-0
715:cultural identity
697:Cultural identity
683:paraprofessionals
643:Twelve Traditions
407:Twelve Traditions
401:Twelve Traditions
222:Debtors Anonymous
170:Cocaine Anonymous
64:(AA), founded by
16:(Redirected from
3877:
3827:
3826:
3514:
3513:
3395:
3394:
3320:G9a-like protein
3136:
3135:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3058:
3052:
3044:
3021:
2990:
2984:
2976:
2945:
2916:
2910:
2902:
2871:
2861:
2836:
2830:
2822:
2792:
2753:
2730:
2724:
2716:
2671:
2670:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2462:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2416:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2293:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2262:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2197:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2040:
2008:
1997:
1996:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1945:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1849:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1768:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1736:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1664:on March 3, 2016
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1637:
1630:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1580:. Archived from
1551:
1545:
1544:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1397:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1337:
1326:
1325:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1215:. Archived from
1209:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1190:on March 3, 2009
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1123:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1031:
1025:
1024:
996:
987:
986:
984:
982:
968:
962:
961:
935:
929:
928:
892:
886:
885:
861:
853:
847:
846:
818:
812:
811:
788:(1st ed.).
779:
250:
21:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3815:
3811:Sober companion
3741:
3695:Reagent testing
3671:
3650:
3594:
3588:
3539:
3533:
3508:
3506:
3495:
3424:
3380:
3267:Transcriptional
3259:
3253:
3180:
3166:Methylphenidate
3161:Methamphetamine
3125:
3112:
3082:
3046:
3045:
2978:
2977:
2904:
2903:
2824:
2823:
2718:
2717:
2684:
2679:
2677:Further reading
2674:
2667:
2641:
2637:
2622:
2600:
2596:
2565:
2561:
2530:
2526:
2487:
2480:
2464:
2463:
2451:
2437:
2430:
2369:
2365:
2342:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2291:
2283:
2276:
2215:
2211:
2174:
2170:
2155:
2137:
2133:
2079:
2075:
2058:
2054:
2023:(3): CD012880.
2009:
2000:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1822:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1744:on June 8, 2009
1741:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1638:on May 15, 2024
1635:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1593:
1589:
1570:
1552:
1548:
1517:
1513:
1476:
1472:
1453:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1410:
1395:
1389:
1385:
1338:
1329:
1298:
1291:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1136:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1099:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1045:
1033:
1032:
1028:
998:
997:
990:
980:
978:
970:
969:
965:
950:
936:
932:
893:
889:
874:
854:
850:
835:
819:
815:
800:
780:
773:
769:
727:
699:
687:civil liability
655:confidentiality
639:
637:Confidentiality
621:
595:
571:Cochrane review
551:
521:
505:Michel Foucault
477:
456:
409:
403:
381:Sought through
333:
327:
321:
306:
267:
261:
200:, getting into
147:substance abuse
139:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3870:Support groups
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3677:Harm reduction
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3655:Support groups
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3517:Detoxification
3511:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3454:Benzodiazepine
3451:
3446:
3441:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3211:
3209:Palatable food
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3081:
3080:
3070:(1): 165–175.
3059:
3035:(2): 113–126.
3022:
2991:
2959:(6): 665–672.
2946:
2917:
2885:(2): 137–145.
2872:
2852:(5): 617–618.
2837:
2805:(2): 257–261.
2793:
2767:(3): 297–314.
2754:
2731:
2699:(3): 287–291.
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2635:
2620:
2594:
2559:
2524:
2478:
2449:
2428:
2383:(6): 641–651.
2363:
2340:
2314:
2300:
2274:
2229:(2): 145–157.
2209:
2168:
2153:
2131:
2073:
2052:
1998:
1963:
1956:
1930:
1908:
1889:(3): 291–301.
1873:
1833:
1813:
1784:
1755:
1723:
1701:
1675:
1649:
1614:
1587:
1568:
1546:
1511:
1490:(3): 399–407.
1470:
1451:
1426:
1408:
1383:
1348:(1): 108–122.
1327:
1289:
1251:
1230:
1204:
1175:
1149:
1134:
1109:
1106:(Fall/Winter).
1084:
1058:
1043:
1026:
988:
963:
948:
930:
887:
872:
848:
833:
813:
798:
790:Washington, DC
770:
768:
765:
764:
763:
761:Recovery model
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
726:
723:
698:
695:
638:
635:
594:
591:
520:
517:
476:
473:
455:
452:
451:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
405:Main article:
402:
399:
394:
393:
390:
379:
376:
373:
366:
363:
356:
353:
350:
343:
340:
331:The Fifth Step
305:
302:
285:Consequently,
260:
257:
138:
135:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
114:
82:drug addiction
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3882:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:Alcohol abuse
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3830:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3690:Drug checking
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3502:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3115:Reinforcement
3109:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2744:(3): 95–102.
2743:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2668:
2666:0-275-96049-8
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2497:(4): 435–74.
2496:
2492:
2485:
2483:
2474:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2433:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2303:
2301:9781462505814
2297:
2290:
2289:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1979:(1): 95–123.
1978:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1957:0-299-15004-6
1953:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1918:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1818:
1806:September 26,
1801:
1794:
1788:
1777:September 26,
1772:
1765:
1759:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1711:
1705:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1634:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1569:0-916856-59-3
1565:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1527:(4): 409–16.
1526:
1522:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1308:(4): 275–83.
1307:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1244:September 28,
1240:
1234:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
993:
977:
973:
967:
959:
955:
951:
949:0-312-28391-1
945:
941:
934:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
891:
883:
879:
875:
873:0-912075-02-3
869:
865:
860:
852:
844:
840:
836:
830:
826:
825:
817:
809:
805:
801:
795:
791:
787:
786:
778:
776:
771:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:group therapy
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
649:principle of
648:
644:
634:
631:
627:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
519:Effectiveness
516:
512:
508:
506:
502:
498:
493:
486:
481:
472:
468:
466:
460:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
414:
413:
408:
398:
391:
388:
384:
380:
377:
374:
371:
367:
364:
361:
357:
354:
351:
348:
344:
341:
338:
337:
336:
332:
326:
319:
315:
311:
310:Scale (music)
301:
299:
294:
292:
288:
282:
280:
276:
272:
266:
256:
254:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
111:
110:
108:
103:
102:
100:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3865:Spirituality
3645:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3312:
3271:
3213:Sex-related
3067:
3063:
3049:cite journal
3032:
3026:
3004:(3): 71–81.
3001:
2995:
2981:cite journal
2956:
2950:
2928:(1): 19–24.
2925:
2921:
2907:cite journal
2882:
2876:
2849:
2845:
2827:cite journal
2802:
2798:
2764:
2758:
2741:
2735:
2721:cite journal
2696:
2690:
2653:Westport, CT
2648:
2638:
2603:
2597:
2575:(2): 83–99.
2572:
2568:
2562:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2494:
2490:
2440:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2323:
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2287:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2188:(1): 1–149.
2185:
2181:
2171:
2144:
2134:
2091:
2087:
2076:
2065:
2055:
2020:
2016:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1941:
1933:
1921:. Retrieved
1911:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1866:December 19,
1864:. Retrieved
1843:
1836:
1826:
1804:. Retrieved
1799:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1770:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1739:the original
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1704:
1694:December 19,
1692:. Retrieved
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1662:the original
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1633:the original
1603:(1): 29–46.
1600:
1596:
1590:
1582:the original
1559:
1549:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1464:
1442:
1429:
1421:
1399:
1386:
1345:
1341:
1305:
1301:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:the original
1207:
1199:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:the original
1178:
1166:. Retrieved
1162:the original
1152:
1125:
1112:
1103:
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:the original
1061:
1034:
1029:
1004:
1000:
979:. Retrieved
975:
966:
939:
933:
900:
896:
890:
863:
851:
823:
816:
784:
700:
640:
622:
568:
552:
513:
509:
488:
483:
478:
469:
461:
457:
410:
395:
372:to them all.
334:
304:Twelve Steps
295:
287:drug addicts
283:
268:
253:codependency
226:
167:
140:
118:Higher Power
104:
97:
41:
40:
18:Twelve Steps
3538:Behavioral
3449:Barbiturate
3444:Amphetamine
3222:Pornography
3217:Intercourse
3151:Amphetamine
3117:disorders:
2307:January 27,
475:Sponsorship
298:pathologies
279:Akron, Ohio
271:Bill Wilson
155:fellowships
66:Bill Wilson
58:compulsions
3844:Categories
3762:Allen Carr
3602:Drug rehab
3593:Treatment
3509:management
3505:Treatment
3439:Alcoholism
3420:Withdrawal
3390:Dependence
3308:Epigenetic
3260:mechanisms
3193:Financial
3186:Behavioral
3123:dependence
2450:0765702428
1716:October 8,
1668:October 8,
1223:August 28,
1194:October 7,
1168:October 7,
767:References
721:identity.
719:bicultural
703:iatrogenic
597:See also:
587:naltrexone
583:disulfiram
564:depression
523:See also:
497:confession
492:literature
465:abreaction
387:meditation
329:See also:
151:dependency
143:alcoholism
94:overeating
74:alcoholism
50:addictions
46:mutual aid
3540:therapies
3429:Disorders
3131:Addiction
3119:addiction
3018:145564061
2846:Addiction
2713:148676117
2546:0162-8712
2467:cite book
2459:301650820
2405:0735-0414
2397:1464-3502
2350:0738-422X
2251:1055-0887
2243:1545-0848
2204:1891-1803
2108:1756-1833
2094:: m3934.
1993:147097398
1506:1413-7372
1378:144471066
1362:1552-6879
1276:0362-2584
1013:0362-2584
981:March 24,
925:141085303
917:1573-3335
691:licensure
679:clergyman
675:therapist
651:anonymity
647:spiritual
593:Criticism
501:penitence
360:character
70:Bob Smith
3829:Category
3750:See also
3595:programs
3474:Nicotine
3464:Cannabis
3459:Caffeine
3398:Concepts
3258:Cellular
3202:Shopping
3197:Gambling
3171:Nicotine
2973:12529066
2942:74842059
2899:12774535
2868:16669879
2819:12713200
2789:43254982
2781:10883547
2589:10977242
2519:31742544
2511:16303734
2423:32628263
2358:19115762
2269:19340677
2163:22624177
2126:33239318
2047:32159228
1923:March 5,
1903:11841900
1860:Archived
1856:56564118
1688:Archived
1578:32014950
1461:32014950
1418:32014950
1284:50379271
1144:32014950
1095:(2002).
1077:June 15,
1053:13572433
1021:50379271
958:42772358
882:14377415
843:32014950
808:65407150
725:See also
667:Statutes
233:Nar-Anon
198:hoarding
182:gambling
159:recovery
137:Overview
3469:Cocaine
3156:Cocaine
3146:Alcohol
2657:109–124
2630:6680227
2554:4025459
2414:8060988
2260:2746426
2117:7687021
2038:7065341
1748:May 15,
1642:May 15,
1541:6987904
1370:1783135
1322:3679015
1260:Bill W.
569:A 2020
556:Al-Anon
454:Process
291:alcohol
259:History
229:Al-Anon
3479:Opioid
3435:Drugs
3361:HDAC10
3176:Opioid
3016:
2971:
2940:
2897:
2866:
2817:
2787:
2779:
2711:
2663:
2628:
2618:
2587:
2552:
2544:
2517:
2509:
2457:
2447:
2421:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2356:
2348:
2338:
2298:
2267:
2257:
2249:
2241:
2202:
2161:
2151:
2124:
2114:
2106:
2045:
2035:
1991:
1954:
1901:
1854:
1576:
1566:
1539:
1504:
1459:
1449:
1416:
1406:
1376:
1368:
1360:
1320:
1282:
1274:
1142:
1132:
1051:
1041:
1019:
1011:
956:
946:
923:
915:
880:
870:
841:
831:
806:
796:
711:stigma
617:, and
547:, and
383:prayer
370:amends
312:,
149:, and
92:, and
3371:SIRT2
3366:SIRT1
3356:HDAC9
3351:HDAC5
3346:HDAC4
3340:HDAC3
3333:HDAC2
3326:HDAC1
3299:NF-κB
3294:GluR2
3279:c-Fos
3273:ΔFosB
3014:S2CID
2938:S2CID
2785:S2CID
2709:S2CID
2515:S2CID
2393:eISSN
2292:(PDF)
2239:eISSN
2104:eISSN
1989:S2CID
1848:(PDF)
1796:(PDF)
1767:(PDF)
1742:(PDF)
1735:(PDF)
1636:(PDF)
1629:(PDF)
1439:(PDF)
1396:(PDF)
1374:S2CID
1122:(PDF)
1100:(PDF)
921:S2CID
707:cults
186:crime
32:Cxloe
3507:and
3289:CREB
3284:Cdk5
3139:Drug
3121:and
3055:link
2987:link
2969:PMID
2913:link
2895:PMID
2864:PMID
2833:link
2815:PMID
2777:PMID
2727:link
2661:ISBN
2626:PMID
2616:ISBN
2585:PMID
2550:OCLC
2542:ISSN
2507:PMID
2473:link
2455:OCLC
2445:ISBN
2419:PMID
2401:ISSN
2354:PMID
2346:ISSN
2336:ISBN
2309:2023
2296:ISBN
2265:PMID
2247:ISSN
2200:ISSN
2159:PMID
2149:ISBN
2122:PMID
2043:PMID
1952:ISBN
1925:2009
1899:PMID
1868:2015
1852:OCLC
1808:2016
1779:2016
1750:2024
1718:2007
1696:2015
1670:2007
1644:2024
1574:OCLC
1564:ISBN
1537:PMID
1502:ISSN
1457:OCLC
1447:ISBN
1414:OCLC
1404:ISBN
1366:OCLC
1358:ISSN
1318:PMID
1280:OCLC
1272:ISSN
1246:2012
1225:2010
1196:2007
1170:2007
1140:OCLC
1130:ISBN
1079:2006
1049:OCLC
1039:ISBN
1017:OCLC
1009:ISSN
983:2018
954:OCLC
944:ISBN
913:ISSN
878:OCLC
868:ISBN
839:OCLC
829:ISBN
804:OCLC
794:ISBN
689:and
659:norm
641:The
577:and
560:debt
499:and
385:and
273:and
249:CoDA
231:and
220:and
206:work
204:and
202:debt
190:food
176:and
68:and
56:and
3375:...
3314:G9a
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