47:
1596:
1376:
1452:
1421:
1326:
1604:
1549:
1274:
1202:
1612:
1581:
1235:
1633:. Senusret III's military career contributed to his prestige during the New Kingdom, as he was regarded as a warrior king and even revered as a god in Nubia. One of Senusret III’s significant internal developments was the centralization of administrative power in the kingdom, which replaced the nome system with three large administrative districts that encompassed all of Egypt.
1168:
1675:, a daughter of Amenemhat III, was the first known woman to become king of Egypt. She was left with the unresolved governmental issues that are noted as arising during her father's reign when she succeeded Amenemhat IV, thought to be her brother, half brother, or step brother. Upon his death, she became the heir to the throne because her older sister,
1679:, who would have been the next in line to rule, died at an early age. Sobekneferu was the last king of the twelfth dynasty. There is no record of her having an heir. She also had a relatively short nearly four year reign and the next dynasty began with a shift in succession, possibly to unrelated heirs of Amenemhat IV.
1591:
also reigned during a time of peace. He was the first king to develop the Fayyum Basin for agricultural production. This development was complex, requiring the digging of several canals and the draining of a lake in order to maximize the Fayyum’s agricultural output. The Middle
Kingdom development of
1628:
had grown restive under the previous rulers, Senusret sent punitive expeditions into that land. As a part of his effort to subdue Nubia, he ordered the construction of several new fortresses as well as the expansion of existing ones along the border with Nubia. He also sent an expedition into the
1100:
Egypt underwent various developments under the
Twelfth Dynasty, including the reorganization of the kingdoms administration and agricultural developments in the Fayyum. The Twelfth Dynasty was also responsible for significant expansion of Egyptian borders, with campaigns pushing into Nubia and the
1706:
establishes a revisionist account of history that legitimizes
Amenemhat I’s rule. Written during the reign of Amenemhat I, described a sage’s prophecy given to the 4th Dynasty King Snefru that predicted a destructive civil war. It writes that the sage, Neferti, prophesied that a great king named
2228:"This opens up several questions about the role of the elite families of Elephantine at the end of the First Intermediate Period and the beginning of the Twelfth Dynasty, especially taking into account that Amenemhat I’s mother came from that region, according to the Prophecy of Neferti"
46:
1097:, consequently, many events during this dynasty frequently can be assigned to a specific year. However, scholars now have expressed skepticism in the usefulness of the referred date, due to the fact that location affects observation of the Sothic cycle.
1531:
of the Nile. In addition to pursuing militaristic expansion, Senusret I was also responsible for internal growth within Egypt. As king, he initiated a considerable amount of building projects across Egypt, including pyramids in
1645:
reaffirmed his predecessor's foreign policy. However, after
Amenemhat, the energies of this dynasty were largely spent, and the growing troubles of government were left to the dynasty's last ruler,
1507:. As a part of his militaristic expansion of Egypt, Amenemhat I ordered the construction of multiple military forts in Nubia. He also reestablished diplomatic relations with the Canaanite state of
2561:
1664:
succeeded his father, Amenemhat III, and ruled for approximately nine years. At the time of his death, Amenemhat IV had no apparent heir, leading to
Sobekneferu’s ascension to the throne.
2101:
2556:
2248:"but also openly admitted the king’s humble origin. Without mentioning her name, Neferti simply stated that the king’s mother was a woman from the first Upper Egyptian nome (tA-sty)."
1572:
was king during a time of peace. Under his reign, trade boomed with other states in Asia, the
Mediterranean, and Africa. He built his mortuary complex near Memphis at Dahshur.
194:
169:
986:
1707:
Ameny (Amenemhat I) would lead a united Egypt out of this tumultuous period. The work also mentions
Amenemhat I's mother being from the Elephantine Egyptian nome
1595:
2586:
2144:"Ammenemes himself was not a Theban but the son of a woman from Elephantine called Nofret and a priest called Sesostris (‘The man of the Great Goddess’).",
2192:"In a literary source, The Prophecy of Neferty, the origin of the king from the common people of Upper Egypt with a mother from the very south of Egypt"
2581:
2176:"Amenemhet I was a commoner, the son of one Sen- wosret and a woman named NEFRET, listed as prominent members of a family from ELEPHANTINE Island."
1397:
1030:
The
Twelfth Dynasty was marked by relative stability and development. It has a notably well recorded history for the period. Its first pharaoh was
2364:
979:
1592:
the Fayyum later became the basis for the
Ptolemaic and Roman efforts that turned the region into the bread basket of the Mediterranean.
1527:
ruled as a coregent alongside his father, Amenemhat I. He continued his fathers campaigns into Nubia, expanding
Egyptian control to the
2230:
Jiménez Serrano, Alejandro; Sánchez León, Juan Carlos (2015). "A Forgotten Governor Of Elephantine During The Twelfth Dynasty: Ameny".
1248:
1305:
2391:
972:
17:
1552:
A figure wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt and whose face appears to reflect the features of the reigning king, most probably
2282:
1687:
Several famous works of Egyptian literature originated from the 12th Dynasty. Perhaps the best known work from this period is
2401:
2084:
2012:
1943:
1898:
1844:
1913:
Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, London 2004
1066:, moved its capital to a new city named "Amenemhat-itj-tawy" ("Amenemhat the Seizer of the Two Lands"), more simply called,
1763:
2316:"Critique of the "Black Pharaohs" Theme: Racist Perspectives of Egyptian and Kushite/Nubian Interactions in Popular Media"
2264:"the fact that the mother of Ammenemes I, whose name appears to have been Nefert, was a native of the nome of Elephantine"
2591:
2566:
1564:, and it is wearing a divine kilt, which suggests that the statuette was not merely a representation of the living ruler.
506:
2523:
2451:
2426:
648:
366:
2099:"Then a king will come from the South, Ameny, the justified, by name, son of a woman of Ta-seti, child of Upper Egypt"
2576:
2571:
2551:
2374:
2121:
1081:
The order of its rulers of the Twelfth Dynasty is well known from several sources: two lists recorded at temples in
1719:
1011:) is a series of rulers reigning from 1991–1802 BC (190 years), at what is often considered to be the apex of the
2268:
The Middle Kingdom in Egypt. Internal History from the Rise of the Heracleopolitans to the Death of Ammenemes III
758:
1375:
2280:"The mother of Amenemhet was apparently named Nefert and was a native of the nome, or province, of Elephantine"
1726:
960:
774:
696:
670:
213:
860:
814:
787:
744:
713:
709:
683:
657:
240:
1599:
Head of Senusret III with youthful features, 12th Dynasty, c. 1870 BC, State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich
735:
571:
2533:
1116:
dynasties, but some scholars only consider the 11th and 12th dynasties to be part of the Middle Kingdom.
1113:
1109:
1104:
The Twelfth Dynasty is often considered the apex of Egypt's Middle Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom spans the
614:
601:
515:
485:
187:
1982:
1603:
1451:
800:
627:
546:
528:
217:
2160:"Senusret, a commoner as the father of Amenemhet, his mother, Nefert, came from the area Elephantine."
2516:
1733:
1460:
1429:
1105:
459:
428:
174:
92:
1758:
375:
2007:. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World (Paperback ed.). Malden, Mass.: Wiley Blackwell.
2164:
Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt
1861:
1700:
Some of the existing literature pertaining to the 12th Dynasty are propagandistic in nature. The
1401:
1334:
1012:
449:
388:
319:
276:
112:
2468:
1484:
1420:
1282:
1176:
414:
401:
345:
332:
306:
260:
1834:
1325:
1528:
1351:
1292:
1210:
1020:
2106:
Kingship, Power, and Legitimacy in Ancient Egypt: From the Old Kingdom to the Middle Kingdom
1711:. Many scholars in recent years have argued that Amenemhat I's mother was of Nubian origin.
1740:
1047:
592:
297:
1893:. Blackwell history of the ancient world (1. publ ed.). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
8:
1974:
1702:
1689:
1070:. The location of Itjtawy has not been discovered yet, but it is thought to be near the
2496:
2345:
2211:
2127:
1949:
1815:
1807:
1343:
838:
2500:
2488:
2447:
2422:
2397:
2370:
2349:
2337:
2131:
2117:
2080:
2008:
1939:
1894:
1840:
1819:
954:
925:
249:
102:
82:
2301:
General History of Africa Volume II - Ancient civilizations of Africa (ed. G Moktar)
1089:, as well as lists derived from Manetho's work. A recorded date during the reign of
2480:
2327:
2203:
2109:
2072:
1953:
1799:
1753:
1933:
1584:
A map showing the north of Egypt, with the Fayyum highlighted in the black square.
1046:
The chronology of the Twelfth Dynasty is the most stable of any period before the
1783:
1496:
1062:, but from contemporary records it is clear that the first king of this dynasty,
1051:
915:
2194:
Arnold, Dorothea (1991). "Amenemhat I and the Early Twelfth Dynasty at Thebes".
2332:
2315:
1548:
1356:
1181:
847:
559:
2484:
2113:
2545:
2492:
2341:
1642:
1492:
1384:
1363:
1243:
1082:
1059:
1015:(Dynasties XI–XIV). The dynasty periodically expanded its territory from the
1004:
891:
230:
221:
68:
52:
1661:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1408:
1312:
1273:
1222:
1201:
1094:
1090:
2446:(First paperback ed.). New York: Pegasus Books. pp. Chapter 12.
1672:
1646:
1588:
1480:
1439:
1393:
1347:
1260:
1155:
1063:
1035:
1031:
881:
2076:
2215:
1811:
1676:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1488:
1215:
1188:
1136:
1016:
2180:
Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt (Facts on File Library of World History)
2066:
2042:
The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period
1296:
2207:
1803:
1787:
1300:
1287:
1075:
1649:, to resolve. Amenemhat was remembered for the mortuary temple at
1708:
1694:
1611:
1338:
1252:
1086:
1067:
1055:
72:
2444:
The story of Egypt : the civilization that shaped the world
1580:
1650:
1630:
1537:
1508:
1504:
1388:
1234:
1071:
1024:
532:
1697:
copies dating as late as the New Kingdom have been recovered.
2469:"Ethnicity: Constructions of Self and Other in Ancient Egypt"
1625:
1533:
2562:
States and territories disestablished in the 19th century BC
2229:
1862:"The Sothic Dating of the Twelfth and Eighteenth Dynasties"
1714:
Other known works attributed to the 12th Dynasty include:
1540:
and oversaw the renovation of the kingdoms major temples.
1167:
2557:
States and territories established in the 20th century BC
1682:
1788:"Amenemhat I and the Early Twelfth Dynasty at Thebes"
1935:
History of Ancient Egypt: Translated by David Lorton
1471:
Known rulers of the Twelfth Dynasty are as follows:
27:
Egyptian Middle Kingdom dynasty from 1991 to 1802 BC
2421:(Second ed.). Chichester: Wiley. p. 99.
1607:Sobekneferu was the last ruler of the 12th Dynasty
2543:
1839:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 159.
1782:
2150:. Wiley-Blackwell (July 19, 1994). p. 159.
2071:. University of California Press. p. 872.
2416:
1888:
2108:. Cambridge University Press: 138–160. 2020.
1560:. It functioned as a divine guardian for the
980:
2587:2nd-millennium BC disestablishments in Egypt
2249:
1495:. His armies campaigned south as far as the
2161:
987:
973:
45:
2582:2nd-millennium BC establishments in Egypt
2331:
2270:. Cambridge University Press. p. 34.
2064:
2441:
2363:Lobban, Richard A. Jr. (10 April 2021).
2313:
2265:
1798:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art: 5–48.
1615:Stele of Abkau dates to the 12th Dynasty
1610:
1602:
1594:
1579:
1547:
1074:, probably near the royal graveyards at
2383:
1931:
14:
2544:
2467:Smith, Stuart Tyson (8 October 2018).
2389:
2366:Historical Dictionary of Ancient Nubia
2362:
2314:Crawford, Keith W. (1 December 2021).
2193:
2177:
2145:
2102:"The Beginning of the Twelfth Dynasty"
1859:
1523:For the first ten years of his reign,
955:List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
2466:
2396:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 72.
2238:. The Egypt Exploration Society: 129.
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2002:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
2065:Litchteim, Miriam (March 18, 2024).
2029:The Complete Royal Families of Egypt
1869:Studies in Honor of George R. Hughes
1832:
1764:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree
58:State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich
1836:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
1683:Ancient Egyptian literature refined
1515:. He was the father of Senusret I.
24:
2166:. Thames & Hudson. p. 78.
2047:
1916:
1875:
25:
2603:
1720:Dispute Between a Man and his Ba
1636:
1450:
1419:
1374:
1324:
1272:
1233:
1200:
1166:
1054:gives 213 years (1991–1778 BC).
192:
167:
2460:
2435:
2410:
2390:Morris, Ellen (6 August 2018).
2356:
2307:
2293:
2274:
2258:
2252:Offerings to the Discerning Eye
2242:
2232:Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
2222:
2186:
2170:
2154:
2138:
2093:
2034:
1656:
1619:
1543:
2021:
1996:
1967:
1907:
1853:
1826:
1776:
1727:Complaints of Khakheperre-sonb
1667:
1575:
1474:
961:Periodization of ancient Egypt
13:
1:
2417:Van de Mieroop, Marc (2021).
2320:African Archaeological Review
1889:Van de Mieroop, Marc (2011).
1769:
1518:
268:
2393:Ancient Egyptian Imperialism
2369:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2182:. Facts on File. p. 25.
2005:A companion to ancient Egypt
2003:Lloyd, Alan B., ed. (2014).
1479:This dynasty was founded by
1058:stated that it was based in
1019:and valley South beyond the
7:
2473:Journal of Egyptian History
2250:A. Josephson, Jack (2009).
2196:Metropolitan Museum Journal
2068:Ancient Egyptian Literature
1860:Parker, Richard A. (1977).
1792:Metropolitan Museum Journal
1747:
1511:and Hellenic rulers in the
1125:Dynasty XII Kings of Egypt
188:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
40:1991 BC – 1802 BC
10:
2608:
2592:2nd millennium BC in Egypt
2567:Dynasties of ancient Egypt
2419:A history of ancient Egypt
2333:10.1007/s10437-021-09453-7
2266:C. Hayes, William (1961).
2162:A. Clayton, Peter (2006).
2148:A History of Ancient Egypt
1983:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1891:A history of ancient Egypt
1041:
2530:
2521:
2513:
2485:10.1163/18741665-12340045
2178:Bunson, Margaret (2002).
2114:10.1017/9781108914529.006
1734:Instructions of Amenemhat
1568:Unlike his predecessors,
1461:Northern Mazghuna pyramid
1430:Southern Mazghuna pyramid
1119:
1093:can be correlated to the
175:Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
146:
142:
132:
122:
118:
108:
98:
93:ancient Egyptian religion
88:
78:
64:
44:
39:
32:
2577:19th century BC in Egypt
2572:20th century BC in Egypt
2552:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
2442:Fletcher, Joann (2017).
2146:Grimal, Nicolas (1994).
1759:History of Ancient Egypt
51:Fragment of a statue of
34:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
18:Twelfth dynasty of Egypt
1833:Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000).
1402:Khenemetneferhedjet III
113:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
56:12th Dynasty c. 1800 BC
2303:. UNESCO. p. 152.
1932:Hornung, Erik (1999).
1616:
1608:
1600:
1585:
1565:
1177:Pyramid of Amenemhet I
1133:Prenomen (throne name)
759:Twenty-seventh Dynasty
134:• Disestablished
2254:. Brill. p. 201.
1641:Senusret's successor
1614:
1606:
1598:
1583:
1551:
1352:Khnemetneferhedjet II
1293:Khenemetneferhedjet I
1211:Pyramid of Senusret I
1130:Nomen (personal name)
892:Thirty-fourth Dynasty
848:Thirty-second Dynasty
775:Twenty-eighth Dynasty
697:Twenty-fourth Dynasty
671:Twenty-second Dynasty
79:Common languages
1741:The Eloquent Peasant
1487:to the last king of
1483:, who may have been
926:Thirty-fifth Dynasty
861:Thirty-third Dynasty
817:(2nd Persian Period)
815:Thirty-first Dynasty
788:Twenty-ninth Dynasty
761:(1st Persian Period)
745:Twenty-sixth Dynasty
710:Twenty-fifth Dynasty
684:Twenty-third Dynasty
658:Twenty-first Dynasty
2077:10.2307/j.ctvqc6j1s
1954:10.3366/j.ctvxcrcpd
1703:Prophecy of Neferti
1690:The Story of Sinuhe
1126:
572:Seventeenth Dynasty
507:Second Intermediate
250:Pre-dynastic period
124:• Established
2534:Thirteenth Dynasty
1617:
1609:
1601:
1586:
1566:
1503:and into southern
1124:
1034:and its final was
649:Third Intermediate
615:Nineteenth Dynasty
602:Eighteenth Dynasty
516:Fourteenth Dynasty
486:Thirteenth Dynasty
367:First Intermediate
2540:
2539:
2531:Succeeded by
2403:978-1-4051-3677-8
2086:978-0-520-97361-9
2014:978-1-118-78514-0
1979:www.metmuseum.org
1975:"Guardian Figure"
1945:978-0-7486-1342-7
1900:978-1-4051-6071-1
1846:978-0-19-280458-7
1469:
1468:
1052:Turin Royal Canon
997:
996:
944:
943:
906:
905:
872:
871:
839:Hellenistic Egypt
829:
828:
801:Thirtieth Dynasty
726:
725:
639:
638:
628:Twentieth Dynasty
583:
582:
547:Sixteenth Dynasty
529:Fifteenth Dynasty
497:
496:
440:
439:
357:
356:
288:
287:
208:
207:
204:
203:
200:
199:
180:
179:
103:Absolute monarchy
83:Egyptian language
16:(Redirected from
2599:
2524:Dynasty of Egypt
2517:Eleventh Dynasty
2514:Preceded by
2511:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2479:(1–2): 113–146.
2464:
2458:
2457:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2335:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2287:encyclopedia.com
2278:
2272:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2062:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2027:Dodson, Hilton,
2025:
2019:
2018:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1929:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1886:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1784:Arnold, Dorothea
1780:
1754:Execration texts
1454:
1423:
1378:
1328:
1276:
1237:
1204:
1170:
1127:
1123:
989:
982:
975:
921:
920:
894:(Roman Pharaohs)
887:
886:
844:
843:
741:
740:
654:
653:
598:
597:
512:
511:
460:Eleventh Dynasty
455:
454:
429:Eleventh Dynasty
372:
371:
303:
302:
270:
246:
245:
210:
209:
196:
195:
184:
183:
171:
170:
164:
163:
148:
147:
49:
30:
29:
21:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2528:1991 − 1802 BC
2527:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2415:
2411:
2404:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2361:
2357:
2312:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2263:
2259:
2247:
2243:
2227:
2223:
2208:10.2307/1512902
2191:
2187:
2175:
2171:
2159:
2155:
2143:
2139:
2124:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2063:
2048:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1946:
1938:. p. 224.
1930:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1887:
1876:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1831:
1827:
1804:10.2307/1512902
1781:
1777:
1772:
1750:
1685:
1670:
1659:
1653:that he built.
1639:
1622:
1578:
1546:
1521:
1497:Second Cataract
1477:
1400:
1396:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1315:(Sesostris III)
1304:
1299:
1295:
1286:
1251:
1122:
1044:
1021:second cataract
1001:Twelfth Dynasty
993:
964:
958:
946:
945:
940:379 AD – 641 AD
934:
928:
918:
916:Byzantine Egypt
908:
907:
896:
893:
884:
874:
873:
841:
831:
830:
819:
816:
763:
760:
738:
728:
727:
651:
641:
640:
595:
585:
584:
509:
499:
498:
473:Twelfth Dynasty
452:
442:
441:
376:Seventh Dynasty
369:
359:
358:
300:
290:
289:
243:
233:
193:
168:
135:
125:
60:
59:
57:
55:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2520:
2515:
2507:
2506:
2459:
2453:978-1681774565
2452:
2434:
2428:978-1119620877
2427:
2409:
2402:
2382:
2375:
2355:
2326:(4): 695–712.
2306:
2292:
2273:
2257:
2241:
2221:
2185:
2169:
2153:
2137:
2122:
2092:
2085:
2046:
2044:(1997), p. 15.
2033:
2031:, 2004, p. 98.
2020:
2013:
1995:
1966:
1944:
1915:
1906:
1899:
1874:
1852:
1845:
1825:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1684:
1681:
1669:
1666:
1658:
1655:
1638:
1635:
1621:
1618:
1577:
1574:
1545:
1542:
1536:, a temple at
1529:Third Cataract
1520:
1517:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:1806 – 1802 BC
1455:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1427:
1426:1815 – 1806 BC
1424:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1391:
1382:
1381:1860 – 1814 BC
1379:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:Sithathoriunet
1341:
1332:
1331:1878 – 1839 BC
1329:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1290:
1280:
1279:1897 – 1878 BC
1277:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:(Sesostris II)
1257:
1256:
1246:
1241:
1240:1929 – 1895 BC
1238:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1207:1971 – 1926 BC
1205:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1182:Neferitatjenen
1179:
1174:
1173:1991 – 1962 BC
1171:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1121:
1118:
1043:
1040:
1023:and East into
1013:Middle Kingdom
995:
994:
992:
991:
984:
977:
969:
966:
965:
951:
948:
947:
942:
941:
938:
935:
924:
919:
914:
913:
910:
909:
904:
903:
902:30 BC – 313 AD
900:
897:
890:
885:
880:
879:
876:
875:
870:
869:
866:
863:
857:
856:
853:
850:
842:
837:
836:
833:
832:
827:
826:
823:
820:
813:
810:
809:
806:
803:
797:
796:
793:
790:
784:
783:
780:
777:
771:
770:
767:
764:
757:
754:
753:
750:
747:
739:
734:
733:
730:
729:
724:
723:
720:
717:
706:
705:
702:
699:
693:
692:
689:
686:
680:
679:
676:
673:
667:
666:
663:
660:
652:
647:
646:
643:
642:
637:
636:
633:
630:
624:
623:
620:
617:
611:
610:
607:
604:
596:
591:
590:
587:
586:
581:
580:
577:
574:
568:
567:
564:
562:
560:Abydos Dynasty
556:
555:
552:
549:
543:
542:
539:
536:
525:
524:
521:
518:
510:
505:
504:
501:
500:
495:
494:
491:
488:
482:
481:
478:
475:
469:
468:
465:
462:
453:
450:Middle Kingdom
448:
447:
444:
443:
438:
437:
434:
431:
424:
423:
420:
417:
411:
410:
407:
404:
398:
397:
394:
391:
389:Eighth Dynasty
385:
384:
381:
378:
370:
365:
364:
361:
360:
355:
354:
351:
348:
342:
341:
338:
335:
329:
328:
325:
322:
320:Fourth Dynasty
316:
315:
312:
309:
301:
296:
295:
292:
291:
286:
285:
282:
279:
277:Second Dynasty
273:
272:
266:
263:
257:
256:
254:
252:
244:
239:
238:
235:
234:
229:All years are
228:
225:
224:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
190:
181:
178:
177:
172:
160:
159:
154:
144:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
110:
109:Historical era
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
66:
62:
61:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2604:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2512:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2376:9781538133392
2372:
2368:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2283:"Amenemhet I"
2277:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2123:9781108914529
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2024:
2016:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1910:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1643:Amenemhat III
1637:Amenemhat III
1634:
1632:
1627:
1613:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:Mentuhotep IV
1490:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1465:
1463:(conjectural)
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1432:(conjectural)
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1416:Kheperkheperu
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:; Pyramid at
1386:
1385:Black Pyramid
1383:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1364:Amenemhat III
1362:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1321:Netjerkheperu
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1244:White Pyramid
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1191:(Sesostris I)
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:ancient Egypt
1002:
990:
985:
983:
978:
976:
971:
970:
968:
967:
963:
962:
957:
956:
950:
949:
939:
936:
932:
927:
923:
922:
917:
912:
911:
901:
898:
895:
889:
888:
883:
878:
877:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
840:
835:
834:
824:
821:
818:
812:
811:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
768:
765:
762:
756:
755:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
737:
732:
731:
721:
718:
715:
711:
708:
707:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
650:
645:
644:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
594:
589:
588:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
565:
563:
561:
558:
557:
553:
550:
548:
545:
544:
540:
537:
534:
530:
527:
526:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
508:
503:
502:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
466:
463:
461:
457:
456:
451:
446:
445:
435:
432:
430:
426:
425:
421:
418:
416:
415:Tenth Dynasty
413:
412:
408:
405:
403:
402:Ninth Dynasty
400:
399:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
368:
363:
362:
352:
349:
347:
346:Sixth Dynasty
344:
343:
339:
336:
334:
333:Fifth Dynasty
331:
330:
326:
323:
321:
318:
317:
313:
310:
308:
307:Third Dynasty
305:
304:
299:
294:
293:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
267:
264:
262:
261:First Dynasty
259:
258:
255:
253:
251:
248:
247:
242:
237:
236:
232:
227:
226:
223:
222:ancient Egypt
219:
215:
212:
211:
191:
189:
186:
185:
182:
176:
173:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
145:
141:
138: 1802 BC
137:
131:
128:1991 BC
127:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
54:
53:Amenemhat III
48:
43:
38:
31:
19:
2522:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2443:
2437:
2418:
2412:
2392:
2385:
2365:
2358:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2300:
2295:
2286:
2276:
2267:
2260:
2251:
2244:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2179:
2172:
2163:
2156:
2147:
2140:
2105:
2095:
2067:
2041:
2036:
2028:
2023:
2004:
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1978:
1969:
1957:. Retrieved
1934:
1909:
1890:
1868:
1855:
1835:
1828:
1795:
1791:
1778:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1701:
1699:
1688:
1686:
1671:
1662:Amenemhat IV
1660:
1657:Amenemhat IV
1640:
1623:
1620:Senusret III
1587:
1570:Amenemhat II
1567:
1558:Senwosret II
1554:Amenemhat II
1544:Amenemhat II
1522:
1478:
1470:
1409:Amenemhat IV
1313:Senusret III
1223:Amenemhat II
1103:
1099:
1095:Sothic cycle
1091:Senusret III
1080:
1045:
1029:
1008:
1000:
998:
959:
953:
930:
472:
157:Succeeded by
156:
151:
1693:, of which
1673:Sobekneferu
1668:Sobekneferu
1647:Sobekneferu
1589:Senusret II
1576:Senusret II
1481:Amenemhat I
1475:Amenemhat I
1440:Sobekneferu
1348:Neferthenut
1269:Seshemutawy
1266:Khakheperre
1261:Senusret II
1230:Hekenemmaat
1160:Sehetepibre
1156:Amenemhat I
1085:and one at
1064:Amenemhat I
1048:New Kingdom
1036:Sobekneferu
1032:Amenemhat I
1009:Dynasty XII
882:Roman Egypt
736:Late Period
593:New Kingdom
298:Old Kingdom
152:Preceded by
2546:Categories
1988:9 February
1770:References
1677:Neferuptah
1525:Senusret I
1519:Senusret I
1513:Aegean Sea
1489:Dynasty XI
1413:Maakherure
1344:Meretseger
1216:Neferu III
1194:Kheperkare
1189:Senusret I
1137:Horus-name
1114:Fourteenth
1110:Thirteenth
1017:Nile delta
952:See also:
931:speculated
99:Government
2501:203315839
2493:1874-1665
2350:238718279
2342:1572-9842
2132:242213167
1820:191398579
1444:Sobekkare
1297:Nofret II
1227:Nubkhaure
1197:Ankhmesut
1163:Wehemmesu
1150:Queen(s)
635:1189–1077
622:1292–1189
609:1549–1292
579:1580–1549
566:1650–1600
554:1660–1600
541:1674–1535
523:1705–1690
493:1803–1649
480:1991–1803
467:2061–1991
436:2134–2061
422:2130–2040
409:2160–2130
396:2181–2160
353:2345–2181
340:2498–2345
327:2613–2498
314:2686–2613
284:2890–2686
271:3150–2890
218:dynasties
89:Religion
2040:Ryholt,
1959:March 4,
1786:(1991).
1748:See also
1624:Finding
1368:Nimaatre
1318:Khakaure
1301:Itaweret
1288:El-Lahun
1249:Kaneferu
1106:Eleventh
1101:Levant.
1076:el-Lisht
665:1069–945
383:spurious
2216:1512902
1812:1512902
1709:Ta-Seti
1695:papyrus
1499:of the
1447:Merytre
1354:(Weret)
1339:Dahshur
1335:Pyramid
1306:Khnemet
1283:Pyramid
1253:Keminub
1147:Pyramid
1087:Saqqara
1068:Itjtawy
1056:Manetho
1042:History
855:332–305
825:343–332
808:380–343
795:398–380
782:404–398
769:525–404
752:672–525
722:732–653
704:732–720
691:837–728
678:945–720
214:Periods
73:Itjtawy
65:Capital
2499:
2491:
2450:
2425:
2400:
2373:
2348:
2340:
2214:
2202:: 18.
2130:
2120:
2083:
2011:
1952:
1942:
1897:
1843:
1818:
1810:
1651:Hawara
1631:Levant
1538:Karnak
1509:Byblos
1505:Canaan
1485:vizier
1398:Hetepi
1389:Hawara
1120:Rulers
1112:, and
1083:Abydos
1072:Fayyum
1060:Thebes
1050:. The
1025:Canaan
868:305–30
865:XXXIII
779:XXVIII
714:Nubian
533:Hyksos
427:Early
69:Thebes
2497:S2CID
2346:S2CID
2212:JSTOR
2128:S2CID
1950:JSTOR
1865:(PDF)
1816:S2CID
1808:JSTOR
1626:Nubia
1562:imiut
1534:Lisht
1371:Aabau
1141:Image
899:XXXIV
852:XXXII
766:XXVII
688:XXIII
606:XVIII
458:Late
241:Early
2489:ISSN
2448:ISBN
2423:ISBN
2398:ISBN
2371:ISBN
2338:ISSN
2118:ISBN
2081:ISBN
2009:ISBN
1990:2022
1961:2024
1940:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1501:Nile
1144:Date
999:The
937:XXXV
822:XXXI
792:XXIX
749:XXVI
701:XXIV
675:XXII
576:XVII
490:XIII
393:VIII
216:and
2481:doi
2328:doi
2236:101
2204:doi
2110:doi
2073:doi
1800:doi
1556:or
1394:Aat
1337:at
1027:.
1003:of
805:XXX
719:XXV
662:XXI
619:XIX
551:XVI
520:XIV
477:XII
380:VII
311:III
220:of
2548::
2495:.
2487:.
2477:11
2475:.
2471:.
2344:.
2336:.
2324:38
2322:.
2318:.
2285:.
2234:.
2210:.
2200:26
2198:.
2126:.
2116:.
2104:.
2079:.
2049:^
1981:.
1977:.
1948:.
1918:^
1877:^
1867:.
1814:.
1806:.
1796:26
1794:.
1790:.
1491:,
1285:at
1255:?
1108:,
1078:.
1038:.
632:XX
538:XV
464:XI
433:XI
406:IX
350:VI
324:IV
281:II
269:c.
231:BC
71:,
2503:.
2483::
2456:.
2431:.
2406:.
2379:.
2352:.
2330::
2289:.
2218:.
2206::
2134:.
2112::
2089:.
2075::
2017:.
1992:.
1963:.
1903:.
1871:.
1849:.
1822:.
1802::
1303:?
1007:(
988:e
981:t
974:v
933:)
929:(
716:)
712:(
535:)
531:(
419:X
337:V
265:I
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
