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149:. However, the earliest known mention of Itjtawy is dated to the pharaoh’s regnal year 30 (ten years later its presumed foundation), and is represented by the double-dated stela CG 20516 now in
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182:, inhabited only by the administrative staff who ran those buildings; the major economic and cultural centers remained pre-existing cities such as
178:, Egyptologist Steven Snape suggested that Itjtawy was a "disembedded capital", a small center comprising administrative buildings and a
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Sequences and chronology of Second
Intermediate Period royal-name scarabs, based on excavated series from Egypt and the Levant
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The stela Cairo CG 20516, dated to
Amenemhat I's regnal year 30, contains the earliest known mention of Itjtawy
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Relocation of the capital may have been a strategic move. The site for
Itjtawy – hundreds of miles down the
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Since the determinative sign for
Itjtawy is that of a fortified enclosure instead of the conventional
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The Second
Intermediate Period (Thirteenth-Seventeenth Dynasties), Current Research, Future Prospects
213:; the pharaohs of the 13th Dynasty thus abandoned Itjtawy and retreated back to Thebes in the south.
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The name of
Itjtawy as it appears on the aforementioned stele, surrounded by a fortified enclosure
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119:. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the site lies beneath cultivated fields east of the
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304:"Montuhotep-Nebtawyre and Amenemhat I: Observations on the Early Twelfth Dynasty in Egypt"
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201:. It is believed that at this point the invasion of Lower Egypt by populations from
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Itjtawy retained its capital status during the 12th
Dynasty and well into the
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who ruled approximately 1991 to 1962 BC, established
Itjtawy during his
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from Thebes – may have been chosen for its proximity to the source of
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edited by Marcel Maree, Orientalia
Lovaniensia Analecta, 192, 2010
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incursions into Egypt, in order to help prevent further attacks.
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Populated places established in the 2nd millennium BC
252:"Amenemhat I and the Early Twelfth Dynasty at Thebes"
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There is evidence that
Amenemhat, the founder of the
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377:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 159.
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101:("Amenemhat seizes the Two Lands"), was an
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223:List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
115:As yet, Itjtawy’s exact location remains
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262:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art: 5–48.
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348:The Complete Cities of Ancient Egypt
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374:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
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470:Former populated places in Egypt
97:"), also known by its full name
455:20th-century BC establishments
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475:Lost ancient cities and towns
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425:Historical capital of Egypt
308:Metropolitan Museum Journal
256:Metropolitan Museum Journal
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193:at least until the rule of
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211:Second Intermediate Period
105:royal city established by
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480:Former capitals of Egypt
465:Cities in ancient Egypt
371:Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000).
350:. Thames & Hudson.
320:10.1086/met.45.41558050
121:pyramids of Amenemhat I
346:Snape, Steven (2014).
302:Jánosi, Peter (2010).
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69:29.57028°N 31.23111°E
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74:29.57028; 31.23111
38:Faiyum Governorate
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432:Succeeded by
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357:978-0-500-77240-9
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191:13th Dynasty
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117:unidentified
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485:Amenemhat I
199:Upper Egypt
139:regnal year
110:Amenemhat I
72: /
48:Coordinates
449:Categories
229:References
125:Senusret I
60:31°13′52″E
57:29°34′13″N
328:192546924
284:191398579
209:into the
95:Two Lands
314:: 7–20.
250:(1991).
217:See also
34:Location
276:1512902
184:Memphis
161:Asiatic
145:as the
107:pharaoh
91:It-Towy
87:Itjtawy
17:Itjtawy
437:Avaris
434:Thebes
418:Thebes
401:, in:
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203:Canaan
143:Thebes
324:S2CID
280:S2CID
272:JSTOR
129:Lisht
42:Egypt
379:ISBN
352:ISBN
157:Nile
123:and
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131:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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