639:
687:
627:
651:
699:
675:
603:
591:
454:
530:, a credit bank (1901), a printing house (1907), a court and detention center (1902), a town hall, a cemetery chapel (1906), a town hall (1912) and a new water supply (1901) and electrification of the city was conducted (1910). In 1944, the town was home to 4500 people, who primarily engaged in craft, trade and services. The town had, among other things, an agricultural and general school, two cinemas, a hospital, a child's home and extensive gastronomy. German rule ended in Twardogóra on January 23, 1945, when it came under Polish administration. As a result of
663:
31:
163:
75:
56:
46:
711:
902:
615:
143:
82:
638:
512:
At the beginning of the 19th century, two new cemeteries were set up outside the city, separate for
Protestants and Catholics, and the old church cemetery was demolished. Catholics built a church in 1869 near the new market. In 1873, a fire destroyed the evangelical church, which was rebuilt three
517:
style. From the middle of the 19th century
Twardogóra began to acquire industrial character. Henryk Piirschel founded a mechanical weaving factory in 1852, and Henry Lichtenberg began industrial furniture production. Until 1945 the town was part of
525:
The demographic development of the town in the 19th century (in 1885 – 2202 people, and after the merger with the Old
Twardogóra in 1910 – 3351 people) caused an increase in the town's infrastructure. Before the
626:
735:
485:. During its rule, Twardogóra flourished. Change in Twardogóra was foremost contributed to by Dutches Eleonora Karolina Wirtemberska (1676–1712). She rebuilt and expanded the town's castle into a
410:
in 1241. The inhabitants of the settlement gave the
Mongols a hard resistance and hence the name, which means in Polish "Hard Mountain". Its name also covers terrain topography (Twarda Góra).
481:
in 1538. It is presumed that at that time there was already a church (lower) in the city, which was thoroughly renovated in 1587. The Duchy of Oels from 1647 was under the rule of dukes of
650:
406:, and from the 12th century also settlers from other countries, especially from the German states, came to Twardogóra. The modern name of the town is said to have been created during the
496:
and the town came under
Prussian suzerainty, remaining part of the Duchy of Oleśnica. In 1743 Henryk L. von Reichenbach brought the town hardwood, and the town joined the newly created
686:
698:
1112:
489:
palace. She also took care of the health of the people, the development of the craft, trade and education, as well as the development of charities.
103:
674:
868:
590:
956:
1086:
602:
1046:
1041:
1026:
946:
1051:
916:
504:
a year later. In 1786 the town was inhabited by 1175 people, among whom the most prosperous at the time were the weavers.
1011:
1081:
996:
317:
861:
74:
407:
736:"Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June"
1066:
1061:
951:
415:
492:
In the years 1729–1738 the church was rebuilt giving it its present shape. In 1742 Silesia became part of the
1091:
55:
662:
797:
Alpabetisch, Statistisch, Topographische
Uebersicht aller Dorfer, Flecken, Stadt und andern Orte der Konigl
271:
926:
854:
710:
450:
in the late 15th century building a defensive structure. A hundred years later a castle was built there.
370:
514:
1117:
835:
1036:
343:
168:
45:
1021:
289:
135:
614:
30:
1016:
175:
482:
453:
155:
644:
Holy
Trinity Church; Jakinosin family sandstone epitaph, dating back to the late 17th century
250:
569:
486:
260:
462:
423:
8:
877:
355:
192:
493:
435:
339:
180:
539:
466:
403:
1006:
976:
551:
474:
1001:
563:
941:
386:
The beginnings of
Twardogóra go back to the times of Polish rule under the first
327:
323:
1056:
840:
575:
557:
1106:
966:
936:
767:
519:
497:
427:
399:
387:
118:
105:
422:
in 1293. From the beginning of the 14th century, Twardogóra was part of the
971:
535:
531:
447:
981:
901:
986:
961:
527:
478:
411:
369:
As of 2019, the town has a population of 6,692. It is part of the larger
359:
391:
363:
1071:
931:
241:
418:
on August 1, 1293. Although Polish, the town was first mentioned as
395:
362:, and 40 kilometres (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital
921:
846:
446:
Residents of the city remembered the unpleasant experiences of the
390:. It was then a trade settlement connected to the trade route from
1031:
1076:
991:
814:
Register of immovable monuments of the province. Lower
Silesian
501:
470:
347:
267:
246:
148:
351:
187:
632:
Half-timbered Church of the Holy
Trinity and Mary Immaculate
538:, the town was transferred to Poland in accordance with the
358:. It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of
830:
431:
335:
302:
816:. National Institute of Heritage. 2012-01-11. p. 132.
768:"Twardogóra - oficjalna strona miasta i gminy - Historia"
799:. Preus. Provinz Schliesen: Barth und Comp. p. 922.
318:
554:(1797–1883), German Jewish translator and preacher
350:. It is the seat of the administrative district (
1104:
656:Basilica of Our Lady of Support of the Faithful
1113:Cities and towns in Lower Silesian Voivodeship
426:, which remained under the rule of the Polish
862:
16:Place in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
869:
855:
507:
452:
572:(1930–2007), German poet and playwright
1105:
441:
850:
876:
808:
806:
794:
790:
788:
762:
760:
758:
756:
469:. At that time, duke John, from the
596:Old townhouses at the Market Square
560:(1839–1909), German ophthalmologist
215:8.29 km (3.20 sq mi)
13:
81:
14:
1129:
824:
803:
785:
753:
704:Church of the Ascension of Christ
545:
465:came under the suzerainty of the
900:
709:
697:
685:
673:
661:
649:
637:
625:
613:
601:
589:
566:(1847–1919), German physiologist
322:
161:
141:
80:
73:
54:
44:
29:
742:. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15
408:First Mongol invasion of Poland
841:Jewish Community in Twardogóra
728:
381:
1:
721:
578:(born 1941), German physicist
461:In 1526, Twardogóra and the
414:were given to Twardogóra by
7:
10:
1134:
836:Old postcard of Festenberg
582:
430:until 1492, although as a
376:
344:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
909:
898:
884:
416:Henry III, Duke of Głogów
371:Wrocław metropolitan area
298:
288:
278:
257:
240:
236:810/km (2,100/sq mi)
232:
224:
219:
211:
206:
198:
186:
174:
154:
134:
99:
68:
40:
28:
21:
716:Roundabout in Twardogóra
463:Duchy of Oleśnica (Oels)
303:http://www.twardogora.pl
508:19th and 20th centuries
458:
398:. It was inhabited by
331:
1037:Nowa Wieś Goszczańska
795:Knie, Johann (1830).
456:
402:, descendants of the
259: • Summer (
119:51.36472°N 17.46972°E
233: • Density
1022:Kuźnica Goszczańska
442:Early modern period
346:, in south-western
115: /
1017:Kuźnia Goszczańska
620:Statue of Hercules
494:Kingdom of Prussia
459:
436:Kingdom of Bohemia
225: • Total
212: • Total
124:51.36472; 17.46972
1100:
1099:
843:on Virtual Shtetl
540:Potsdam Agreement
467:Habsburg monarchy
457:Twardogóra Palace
424:Duchy of Oleśnica
316:
308:
307:
1125:
1007:Grabowno Wielkie
904:
878:Gmina Twardogóra
871:
864:
857:
848:
847:
831:Official website
818:
817:
810:
801:
800:
792:
783:
782:
780:
779:
772:pl.twardogora.pl
764:
751:
750:
748:
747:
732:
713:
701:
689:
677:
665:
653:
641:
629:
617:
605:
593:
552:Salomon Plessner
475:Podiebrad family
356:Gmina Twardogóra
334:) is a historic
325:
314:
264:
167:
165:
164:
147:
145:
144:
130:
129:
127:
126:
125:
120:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
84:
83:
77:
58:
48:
33:
19:
18:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1118:Oleśnica County
1103:
1102:
1101:
1096:
905:
896:
880:
875:
827:
822:
821:
812:
811:
804:
793:
786:
777:
775:
766:
765:
754:
745:
743:
734:
733:
729:
724:
717:
714:
705:
702:
693:
690:
681:
678:
669:
666:
657:
654:
645:
642:
633:
630:
621:
618:
609:
606:
597:
594:
585:
548:
513:years later in
510:
444:
404:Silesians tribe
384:
379:
340:Oleśnica County
284:
258:
162:
160:
142:
140:
123:
121:
117:
114:
109:
106:
104:
102:
101:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
85:
64:
63:
62:
61:
52:
51:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
911:
907:
906:
899:
897:
895:
894:
888:
886:
882:
881:
874:
873:
866:
859:
851:
845:
844:
838:
833:
826:
825:External links
823:
820:
819:
802:
784:
752:
726:
725:
723:
720:
719:
718:
715:
708:
706:
703:
696:
694:
691:
684:
682:
679:
672:
670:
667:
660:
658:
655:
648:
646:
643:
636:
634:
631:
624:
622:
619:
612:
610:
607:
600:
598:
595:
588:
584:
581:
580:
579:
576:Hagen Kleinert
573:
567:
561:
558:Ludwig Laqueur
555:
547:
546:Notable people
544:
515:Gothic Revival
509:
506:
443:
440:
383:
380:
378:
375:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
292:
286:
285:
282:
280:
276:
275:
265:
255:
254:
244:
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
190:
184:
183:
178:
172:
171:
169:Lower Silesian
158:
152:
151:
138:
132:
131:
97:
96:
87:
86:
79:
78:
72:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
59:
53:
49:
43:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1130:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:Grabowno Małe
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
912:
908:
903:
893:
890:
889:
887:
885:Town and seat
883:
879:
872:
867:
865:
860:
858:
853:
852:
849:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
815:
809:
807:
798:
791:
789:
773:
769:
763:
761:
759:
757:
741:
737:
731:
727:
712:
707:
700:
695:
688:
683:
676:
671:
668:Train station
664:
659:
652:
647:
640:
635:
628:
623:
616:
611:
604:
599:
592:
587:
586:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
564:Paul Grützner
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
549:
543:
541:
537:
534:'s defeat in
533:
529:
523:
521:
516:
505:
503:
499:
498:state country
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
477:, introduced
476:
472:
468:
464:
455:
451:
449:
439:
437:
433:
429:
428:Piast dynasty
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:Piast dynasty
374:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
321:
320:
319:Tfardo-goorah
312:
304:
301:
297:
293:
291:
287:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:
262:
256:
252:
248:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
214:
210:
205:
201:
197:
194:
191:
189:
185:
182:
179:
177:
173:
170:
159:
157:
153:
150:
139:
137:
133:
128:
100:Coordinates:
98:
76:
67:
57:
47:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1082:Trzy Chałupy
972:Drogoszowice
891:
813:
796:
776:. Retrieved
771:
744:. Retrieved
739:
730:
680:Fire Station
536:World War II
532:Nazi Germany
524:
511:
491:
460:
448:Hussite Wars
445:
419:
385:
368:
310:
309:
60:Coat of arms
987:Gola Wielka
977:Droździęcin
957:Domasławice
774:(in Polish)
740:stat.gov.pl
692:Post Office
608:Palace Gate
570:Martin Pohl
528:World War I
483:Württemberg
479:Lutheranism
412:Town rights
382:Middle Ages
279:Postal code
199:Town rights
156:Voivodeship
122: /
1107:Categories
942:Chełstówek
892:Twardogóra
778:2017-03-30
746:2020-02-14
722:References
420:Vestenberg
332:Festenberg
315:pronounced
311:Twardogóra
290:Car plates
220:Population
193:Twardogóra
110:17°28′11″E
107:51°21′53″N
88:Twardogóra
23:Twardogóra
1072:Szczodrak
1057:Sądrożyce
982:Gola Mała
932:Bukowinka
354:) called
242:Time zone
35:Town Hall
1067:Świniary
1062:Sosnówka
1047:Pajęczak
1042:Olszówka
967:Drągówek
937:Chełstów
927:Brzezina
922:Brodowce
910:Villages
360:Oleśnica
181:Oleśnica
1092:Zakrzów
1087:Wesółka
1032:Moszyce
1027:Łazisko
1012:Jezioro
952:Dąbrowa
947:Czwórka
583:Gallery
520:Germany
487:Baroque
434:of the
392:Wrocław
377:History
364:Wrocław
299:Website
136:Country
1077:Troska
1052:Poręby
997:Grabek
992:Goszcz
962:Drągów
917:Będzin
502:Goszcz
473:noble
396:Poznań
348:Poland
328:German
283:56-416
176:County
166:
149:Poland
146:
471:Czech
400:Poles
352:gmina
268:UTC+2
247:UTC+1
228:6,692
188:Gmina
432:fief
336:town
272:CEST
207:Area
202:1293
50:Flag
500:in
394:to
338:in
294:DOL
261:DST
251:CET
1109::
805:^
787:^
770:.
755:^
738:.
542:.
522:.
438:.
373:.
366:.
342:,
330::
326:,
870:e
863:t
856:v
781:.
749:.
313:(
274:)
270:(
263:)
253:)
249:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
