20:
148:, attested in 13th-century sources, based upon etymological and functional similarity. Meyer (1907) sees the connection as so strong, that he considers the two to be identical. Lindow (2001), while mindful of the possible semantic connection between Tuisto and Ymir, notes an essential functional difference: while Ymir is portrayed as an "essentially ... negative figure" â Tuisto is described as being "celebrated" (
100:â "twice" or "doubled", thus giving Tuisto the core meaning "double". Any assumption of a gender inference is entirely conjectural, as the tvia / tvis roots are also the roots of any number of other concepts / words in the Germanic languages. Take for instance the Germanic "twist", which, in all but the English has the primary meaning of "dispute / conflict".
247:
302:, meaning literally ' the land itself'. Lindauer (1975) notes that although this claim is to be judged as one made out of simple ignorance of the facts on the part of Tacitus, he was not entirely wrong, as he made the judgement based on a comparison with the relatively turbulent Mediterranean region of his day.
289:
According to Rives (1999), the fact that the ancient
Germanic peoples claimed descent from an earth-born god was used by Tacitus to support his contention that they were an indigenous population: the Latin word
179:, so Jacob argues that the Germanic Tuisto (assuming a connection with Tvastr) must originally have been the grandfather of Ymir (cognate to Yama). Incidentally, Indian mythology also places
1071:
918:
1066:
996:
1044:
1039:
420:. Though rejected outright in scholarly journals even before full publication, Faber's ideas apparently gained a wide circulation. Cf. Valpy (1812):227.
1059:
1054:
1049:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1233:
343:
published fragments known as "Pseudo-Berossus", now considered a forgery, claiming that
Babylonian records had shown that Tuiscon or Tuisto, the
1019:
961:
748:
351:
and
Germany following the dispersion of peoples, with him being succeeded by his son Mannus as the second king. Later historians (e.g.
1014:
897:
1164:
155:
Jacob (2005) attempts to establish a genealogical relationship between Tuisto and Ymir based on etymology and a comparison with
183:(cognate to Germanic Mannus), the Vedic progenitor of mankind, as a son of VivaswÄn, thus making him the brother of Yama/Ymir.
271:
together into a synthetic whole. The succession of father-son-three sons parallels occurs in both
Germanic and non-Germanic
639:
417:
769:
1226:
1169:
1094:
1099:
928:
907:
879:
862:
831:
812:
783:
761:
724:
709:
694:
673:
649:
954:
321:(merely as alternate spellings of the same name) who was claimed to have led the Germans from the incident of the
1126:
252:
468:
Lindauer (1975), p. 81. Grimm proposed nearly the same as early as 1875; see Grimm, Stallybrass (2004a), p. 344.
1464:
1219:
1131:
1121:
140:
Connections have been proposed between the 1st-century figure of Tuisto and the hermaphroditic primeval being
1283:
259:
Tacitus's report falls squarely within the ethnographic tradition of the classical world, which often fused
23:
Map showing the approximate locations of the major
Germanic tribes in and around the geographical region of
207:
123:
1454:
989:
947:
279:
1459:
1403:
753:
616:
356:
122:, giving the meaning "son of Tiu". This interpretation would thus make Tuisco the son of the sky-god (
84:
manuscript corpus contains two primary variant readings of the name. The most frequently occurring,
442:
1293:
984:
19:
275:
areas. The essential characteristics of the myth have been theorized as ultimately originating in
1190:
854:
775:
740:
438:
1006:
152:) by the early Germanic peoples in song, with Tacitus reporting nothing negative about Tuisto.
1242:
276:
272:
8:
1369:
1081:
823:
681:
660:
1343:
1195:
1136:
970:
686:
665:
352:
344:
69:
1329:
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1185:
1143:
1089:
924:
903:
875:
858:
827:
808:
779:
757:
720:
705:
690:
669:
645:
446:
283:
317:
in its alternative versions and made to derive from the same founding figure called
60:. The figure remains the subject of some scholarly discussion, largely focused upon
1416:
1383:
340:
57:
1357:
1347:
1263:
1148:
886:
794:
735:
180:
156:
145:
65:
40:
1389:
1373:
322:
89:
1469:
1448:
1379:
1353:
1279:
268:
1420:
1393:
1309:
920:
376:
260:
198:) of the Germanic peoples celebrated Tuisto as "a god, born of the earth" (
355:) managed to furnish numerous further details, including the assertion by
730:
1211:
111:. One proposed etymology for this variant reconstructs a Proto-Germanic
219:
215:
211:
1430:
1410:
1407:
1339:
1257:
939:
771:
The
Trophies of Time: English Antiquarians of the Seventeenth Century
702:Ätman: A Reconstruction of the Solar Cosmology of the Indo-Europeans.
325:
into Europe and from whom the
Germans themselves derived their name:
264:
61:
416:(1890; republished in 1996) are to be rejected as grand examples of
1333:
1267:
381:
360:
235:
168:
103:
The second variant of the name, occurring originally in manuscript
24:
736:
Norse
Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs
1426:
1323:
1319:
1305:
1301:
844:
348:
164:
160:
35:
1397:
1273:
641:
Mother
Tongues and Nations: The Invention of the Native Speaker
203:
64:
connections and comparisons to figures in later (particularly
1363:
1313:
364:
297:
192:
128:
118:
45:
1297:
1289:
1253:
434:
359:
that this Tuiscon was in fact none other than the biblical
176:
172:
141:
246:
585:
679:
Grimm, J.; trans. Stallybrass, James Steven. (2004b).
658:
Grimm, J.; trans. Stallybrass, James Steven. (2004a).
561:
171:, is said to have been the grandfather of the twins
597:
573:
486:Meyer (1907); referenced in North (1997), p. 269.
1446:
210:sons, the offspring of whom were referred to as
202:). These songs further attributed to him a son,
241:
534:
429:Simek (1995:485) further connects Ymir to PIE
296:was often used in the same sense as the Greek
1227:
955:
408:, or worse, the former and the Buddhist name
899:The Great German Nation: Origins and Destiny
802:
326:
135:
869:
848:
619:. "The Most Ancient Kings of the Germans".
291:
1234:
1220:
962:
948:
868:Tacitus; trans. Fuhrmann, Manfred (2000).
818:Simek, Rudolf (2007), trans. Hall, Angela
525:
400:Claims of a connection between Tuisto and
56:) is the legendary divine ancestor of the
1241:
1080:
637:
591:
331:and as a consequence that of their land.
412:as proposed by Hargrave Jennings in his
245:
18:
16:Divine ancestor of the Germanic peoples
1447:
969:
749:Heathen Gods in Old English Literature
433:- "twin" or "double", whence Sanskrit
191:Tacitus relates that "ancient songs" (
115:and connects this with Proto-Germanic
1215:
943:
916:
895:
767:
603:
579:
567:
615:
418:pseudoscientific language comparison
871:De origine et situ Germanorum liber
804:Lexikon der germanischen Mythologie
27:as mentioned in Tacitus' work, the
13:
334:
14:
1481:
717:Germania: Bericht ĂŒber Germanien.
885:Valpy, A. J. (MarchâJune 1812).
820:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
234:) of the geographical region of
841:. New York: MacMillan Co. 1916.
719:Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch.
638:Bonfiglio, Thomas Paul (2010).
630:
609:
552:
543:
88:, is commonly connected to the
516:
507:
498:
489:
480:
471:
462:
423:
394:
347:, had been the first ruler of
253:Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
186:
1:
847:; trans. Rives, J. B. (1999)
456:
298:
242:Theories and interpretations
230:), and the remaining parts (
75:
7:
522:Lindauer (1975), pp. 80â81.
513:Tacitus (2000), at 2.13â15.
370:
96:â "two" and its derivative
10:
1486:
1404:Wurugag and Waramurungundi
792:Rawlinson, George (2000).
754:Cambridge University Press
549:Rives (1999), pp. 111â112.
540:Simek (2007), pp. 224â225.
1249:
1178:
1157:
1114:
1005:
977:
837:Stuart, Duane R. (1916).
700:Jacob, Alexander (2005).
222:, living near the Ocean (
136:Tuisto, Tvastar, and Ymir
132:) and the earth-goddess.
896:White, Craig M. (2007).
795:The History of Herodotus
715:Lindauer, Josef (1975).
387:
1191:Proto-Germanic folklore
997:Sacred trees and groves
917:Kraus, Andreas (2012).
855:Oxford University Press
776:Oxford University Press
746:North, Richard (1997).
741:Oxford University Press
558:Lindauer (1975), p. 80.
163:, through his daughter
892:. London: A. J. Valpy.
870:
849:
803:
801:Simek, Rudolf (1995).
768:Parry, Graham (1996).
495:Lindow (2001), p. 296.
339:In 1498, a monk named
327:
292:
256:
157:Vedic Indian mythology
31:
1465:Legendary progenitors
1243:Legendary progenitors
888:The Classical Journal
874:. Stuttgart: Reclam.
531:Simek (2007), p. 336.
504:Jacob (2005), p. 232.
477:Simek (1995), p. 432.
249:
22:
807:. Stuttgart: Kröner
226:), in the interior (
1370:Mashya and Mashyana
923:(in German). Beck.
277:Proto-Indo-European
196:carminibus antiquis
124:Proto-Indo-European
1455:Germanic mythology
1196:Alliterative verse
1158:In popular culture
971:Germanic mythology
687:Dover Publications
682:Teutonic Mythology
666:Dover Publications
661:Teutonic Mythology
353:Johannes Aventinus
345:fourth son of Noah
257:
206:, who in turn had
70:Germanic mythology
32:
1460:Germanic paganism
1440:
1439:
1330:Qais Abdur Rashid
1209:
1208:
1201:Matter of England
1186:Germanic paganism
1110:
1109:
621:Royal Genealogies
309:is also given as
200:deum terra editum
1477:
1384:Tibetan Buddhism
1236:
1229:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1078:
1077:
1015:Lists of figures
964:
957:
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341:Annio da Viterbo
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238:, respectively.
167:and her husband
58:Germanic peoples
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617:Anderson, James
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5:
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1374:Zoroastrianism
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1317:
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1179:Related topics
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644:. De Gruyter.
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623:. p. 442.
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357:James Anderson
336:
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323:Tower of Babel
243:
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224:proximi Oceano
188:
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90:Proto-Germanic
77:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1165:List of films
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1007:Heroic legend
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909:9781434325495
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880:3-15-009391-0
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867:
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863:0-19-815050-4
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843:
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836:
833:
832:0-85991-513-1
829:
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821:
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813:3-520-36802-1
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805:
800:
797:
796:
791:
787:
785:9780191567155
781:
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773:
772:
766:
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762:0-521-55183-8
759:
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742:
738:
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725:3-423-09101-0
722:
718:
714:
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710:3-487-12854-3
707:
703:
699:
696:
695:0-486-43549-0
692:
688:
684:
683:
678:
675:
674:0-486-43546-6
671:
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663:
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657:
653:
651:9781934078266
647:
643:
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636:
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622:
618:
612:
606:, p. 98.
605:
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593:
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582:, p. 56.
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273:Indo-European
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37:
34:According to
30:
26:
21:
1442:
1417:MĂl EspĂĄine
1394:Confucianism
1310:Christianity
919:
898:
887:
838:
824:D. S. Brewer
819:
793:
770:
747:
734:
731:Lindow, John
716:
704:Georg Olms.
701:
680:
659:
640:
631:Bibliography
620:
611:
604:White (2007)
599:
587:
580:Parry (1996)
575:
568:Kraus (2012)
563:
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377:Ethnogenesis
338:
318:
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299:autochthonos
288:
261:anthropogony
258:
251:
250:Tuisco from
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154:
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139:
127:
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97:
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81:
79:
62:etymological
53:
49:
39:
33:
28:
1122:Continental
990:Anglo-Saxon
685:, Vol. IV.
441:. See also
187:Attestation
1449:Categories
1408:Australian
1115:Variations
1082:Heroic Age
664:, Vol. I.
457:References
220:Istaevones
216:Herminones
212:Ingaevones
1431:Georgians
1411:Gunwinggu
1340:Deucalion
1258:Armenians
1067:Creatures
733:. (2001)
437:, Italic
363:, son of
305:The name
284:2,000 BCE
265:ethnogony
150:celebrant
144:in later
76:Etymology
1366:(Uganda)
1276:(German)
1268:Hinduism
1137:Frankish
978:Subjects
890:, Vol. V
850:Germania
839:Germania
406:Teutones
382:Tvashtar
371:See also
361:Ashkenaz
293:indigena
269:theogony
236:Germania
169:VivaswÄn
113:*tiwisko
107:, reads
82:Germania
41:Germania
29:Germania
25:Germania
1427:Kartlos
1334:Pashtun
1320:Samaale
1306:Judaism
1302:Abraham
1144:English
1095:Denmark
1072:Objects
985:Deities
845:Tacitus
404:and/or
349:Scythia
328:Deutsch
315:Teutsch
311:Tuitsch
282:around
280:society
165:Saranyƫ
36:Tacitus
1398:Taoism
1344:Pyrrha
1324:Somali
1274:Mannus
1127:Alpine
1100:Sweden
927:
906:
878:
861:
830:
811:
782:
760:
723:
708:
693:
672:
648:
439:Gemini
319:Tuisco
307:Tuisto
267:, and
232:ceteri
204:Mannus
161:Tvastr
109:Tuisco
86:Tuisto
54:Tuisco
50:Tuisto
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