294:. Human activity is thought to have begun roughly 3,000 years ago when clans settled the island. A people and culture developed on the island, the Nauru which had 12 tribes. At the end of the 1700s, a British ship came, and this was the first known contact with the outside world. The British ship called it "pleasant island" and it was a friendly greeting; the British sailed on. Thirty years later, in 1830, an escaped Irish convict took over the island and was finally evicted in 1841. There were scattered interactions with passing vessels and trade. In the mid-to-late 19th century, a devastating civil war started, which took the lives of many Nauru. This war was ended when Germany annexed the island in 1888, and negotiations ended the fighting. In the 1900s, phosphate mining started, and the Germans built some modern facilities on the island. German control ended at the end of World War I, and it was passed to Australia as protectorate. This continued until WW2, when the Empire of Japan invaded the island. Although it was occupied for a few years, many Nauru died at this time, and much of the population was deported from the island and/or used for slave labor. With the surrender of Japan, the Nauru were returned to the island, and it was put under Australian administration again, under the condition it would become independent. This happened in 1968, and Nauru has been a stable democracy since that time. In the last three decades of the 20th century, Nauru had enormous per capita wealth from the phosphate mining, to the point they were some of the richest people on the planet. However, when this ended and the investments were depleted, it has had a harder time, and international aid is important in the 21st century.
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The government is desperately in need of money to pay off salary arrears of civil servants and to continue funding the welfare state built up in the heyday of phosphate mining (Nauruans pay no taxes). Nauru has yet to develop a plan to remove the innumerable coral pinnacles created by mining and make
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took office in April 2000 for his fourth and, after a minimal hiatus, fifth stints as Nauru's top executive. Dowiyogo first served as president from 1976 to 1978. He returned to that office in 1989, and was re-elected in 1992. A vote in parliament, however, forced him to yield power to Kinza
Clodumar
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2.5 million annually for 20 years. New
Zealand and the UK additionally agreed to pay a one-time settlement of $ 12 million each. Declining phosphate prices, the high cost of maintaining an international airline, and the government's financial mismanagement combined to make the economy collapse in the
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were reputedly loaded onto boats which were towed out to sea and sunk. The
Japanese troops built two airfields on Nauru, which were bombed for the first time on 25 March 1943, preventing food supplies from being flown to Nauru. In 1943 the Japanese deported 1,200 Nauruans to work as labourers in the
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missionary. The chiefs were kept under house arrest until the morning of 2 October, when the annexation ceremony began with the raising of the German flag. The
Germans told the chiefs that they had to surrender all weapons and ammunition within 24 hours or the chiefs would be taken prisoner. By the
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In 1947, a trusteeship was established by the United
Nations, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom became the U.N. trustees of the island, although practical administration was mostly handled by Australia. By 1965 the population reached 5,561, of which just under half were considered
723:(the size of an "English village") gaining the full trappings of statehood. These suggestions were however rejected by Nauru, and Australia was concerned that even if they were accepted by Nauru, they might not be accepted by the UN. In June 1967 it was agreed that assets belonging to the
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Nauru was liberated from the
Japanese on 13 September 1945, when Captain Soeda, the commander of all the Japanese troops on Nauru, surrendered the island to the Royal Australian Navy and Army. This surrender was accepted by Brigadier J. R. Stevenson, who represented Lieutenant General
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Nauru was also approached by the U.S. with a deal to modernize Nauru's infrastructure in exchange for suppression of the island's lax banking laws that allow activities that are illegal in other countries to flourish. Under this deal, allegedly, Nauru would also establish an
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president. He held the presidential title six years from 2013 to 2019. President Waqa was a strong supporter of
Australia keeping refugees in a refugee camp on Nauru soil. The incumbent president lost his parliamentary seat in
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shelled Nauru's phosphate mining areas, oil storage depots, and the shiploading cantilever. The attacks seriously disrupted phosphate supplies to
Australia and New Zealand (mostly used for munition and fertiliser purposes.)
79:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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In
December 1999, four major United States banks banned dollar transactions with four Pacific island states, including Nauru. The United States Department of State issued a report identifying Nauru as a major
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over
Australia's actions during its administration of Nauru. In particular, Nauru made a legal complaint against Australia's failure to remedy the environmental damage caused by phosphate mining.
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In December 2003, several dozen of these refugees, in protest of the conditions of their detention on Nauru, began a hunger strike. The hunger strike was concluded in early January 2004 when an
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From around 1830, Nauruans had contact with Europeans from whaling ships and traders who replenished their supplies (such as fresh water) at Nauru. The islanders traded food for alcoholic
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399:. Jones became "Nauru's first and last dictator," who killed or banished several other beachcombers who arrived later, until the Nauruans banished Jones from the island in 1841.
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863:. This move followed China's promise to provide more than U.S. $ 130 million in aid. In 2004, Nauru broke off relations with the PRC and re-established them with the ROC.
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morning of 3 October 765 guns and 1,000 rounds of ammunition had been turned over. The Germans called the island Nawodo or Onawero. The arrival of the Germans ended the
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began in 1878 and resulted in a reduction of the population from 1,400 (1843) to around 900 (1888). Ultimately, alcohol was banned and some arms were confiscated.
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to compensate for the damage from almost a century of phosphate strip-mining by foreign companies. In 1993, Australia offered Nauru an out-of-court settlement of
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Nauru became self-governing in January 1966. On 31 January 1968, following a two-year constitutional convention, Nauru became the world's smallest independent
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As its phosphate stores began to run out (by 2006, its reserves were exhausted), the island was reduced to an environmental wasteland. Nauru appealed to the
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and firearms. The first Europeans to live on the island, starting perhaps in 1830, were Patrick Burke and John Jones, Irish convicts who had escaped from
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Arrangements were made to repatriate from Chuuk the 745 Nauruans who survived Japanese captivity there. They were returned to Nauru by the BPC ship
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549:. The Pacific Phosphate Company started to exploit the reserves in 1906 by agreement with Germany. The company exported its first shipment in 1907.
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Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
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medical team agreed to visit the island. Since then, according to recent reports, all but two of the refugees have been allowed into Australia.
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held control until 1920. Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom signed the Nauru Island Agreement in 1919, creating a board known as the
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on the island would be sold to Nauru for 21 million Australian dollars. Nauru was granted unconditional independence on 31 January 1968.
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The introduction of firearms and alcohol destroyed the peaceful coexistence of the 12 tribes living on the island. A 10-year
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During World War II, Nauru was subject to significant damage from both Axis (German and Japanese) and Allied forces.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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There were traditionally 12 clans or tribes on Nauru, which are represented in the 12-pointed star in the nation's
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in China and perform certain "safehouse" and courier services for the U.S. government, in a scheme codenamed "
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the German marines marched around the island and returned with the twelve chiefs, the white settlers and a
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warrior suit, 1891. (Exhibit in the Oceanic collection of the Staatlichen Museums fΓΌr VΓΆlkerkunde MΓΌnchen)
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Cain, Timothy M., comp. "Nauru." The Book of Rule. 1st ed. 1 vols. New York: DK Inc., 2004.
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International Status in the Shadow of Empire: Nauru and the Histories of International Law
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in 1995. Dowiyogo regained the presidency when the Clodumar government fell in mid-1998.
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First National Report To the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
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Protectorate. Nauru was occupied on 16 April 1888 by German troops, which ended the
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1630:"The new rise of Nauru: can the island bounce back from its mining boom and bust?"
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led to an out-of-court settlement to rehabilitate the mined-out areas of Nauru.
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1282:"Agreement (between Australia, New Zealand and United Kingdom) regarding Nauru"
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367:. The first Europeans to encounter the island were on the British whaling ship
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1499:. University of London: Institute of Commonwealth Studies. pp. 299, 309.
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538:. Today the twelve tribes are represented by the twelve-pointed star in the
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centre, used by narcotics traffickers and Russian organized crime figures.
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Official Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia No. 35 - 1942 and 1943
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and gave Nauruans the second highest GDP Per Capita (second only to the
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also arrived in 1888. The Germans ruled Nauru for almost three decades.
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1749:"Nauru President Baron Waqa loses election | DW | 25.08.2019"
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1558:"Tiny Pacific Isle's Citizens Rich, Fat and Happy--Thanks to the Birds"
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British Documents on the End of Empire Project Series B Volume 10: Fiji
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Nauru on 26 August 1942, and executed 7 Europeans. The native Nauruans
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Nick Squires, 15 March 2008, BBC News Online. Retrieved 16 March 2008.
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In 1914, following the outbreak of World War I, Nauru was captured by
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2 October 1888: Annexation ceremony w. King Auweyida at the centre
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s crew did not leave the ship nor did Nauruans board, but Captain
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late 1990s. By the new millennium, Nauru was virtually bankrupt.
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Nauru Department of Economic Development and Environment. 2003.
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was elected president to succeed Aingimea. On 30 October 2023,
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1257:. AustrΓ lia Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics (now
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During 2002 Nauru severed diplomatic recognition with Taiwan (
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1858:. ed. and trans. Dymphana Clark and Stewart Firth. Canberra:
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Phosphate was discovered on Nauru in 1900 by the prospector
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1805:"Hopes for change as Russ Kun elected as Nauru's president"
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In 1989, Nauru took legal actions against Australia in the
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around 3,000 years ago, and there is evidence of possible
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Nauruan. In July 1966 the Nauruan Head Chief spoke at the
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reflects the 12 original tribes that inhabited the country
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to this template: there are already 1,435 articles in the
1689:"Hazara asylum seekers hunger strike on Nauru, 2003-2004"
1126:. U.S. Department of State. 13 March 2012. Archived from
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gave Australia a trustee mandate over Nauru, with the
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3504:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
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In 2001, Nauru was brought to world attention by the
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1769:"Nauru's President ousted during national election"
1656:"A Pacific Island Nation Is Stripped of Everything"
1526:. United Nations General Assembly. 20 December 1966
1400:"Interesting Sidelights on Jap Occupation of Nauru"
1195:. Sydney, Australia: Angus and Robertson, limited.
587:and New Zealand as co-trustees. In 1932, the first
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a machine-translated version of the French article.
1013:. University of California Press. pp. 13β28.
348:them to freshwater conditions, and raised them in
1877:Williams, Maslyn & Macdonald, Barrie (1985).
439:In 1886 Germany was granted the island under the
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915:was elected President of the Republic of Nauru.
1227:Maslyn Williams & Barrie Macdonald (1985).
622:Pacific Islands home front during World War II
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114:accompanying your translation by providing an
59:Click for important translation instructions.
46:expand this article with text translated from
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1948:
1584:"Certain Phosphate Lands: Nauru v. Australia"
903:as the new President of Nauru. Following the
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4466:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
4449:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4327:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1923:U.S. State Department Background Note: Nauru
1901:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1357:The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign
879:those lands suitable for human habitation.
768:Certain Phosphate Lands: Nauru v. Australia
670:. On one occasion, thirty-nine people with
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1521:"Question of the Trust Territory of Nauru"
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1231:. Melbourne University Press. p. 11.
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668:were badly treated by the occupying forces
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1588:The American Journal of International Law
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1217:. Angus and Robertson Limited. pp 127β139
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1101:McDaniel, C. N. and Gowdy, J. M. 2000.
1080:McDaniel, C. N. and Gowdy, J. M. 2000.
1033:McDaniel, C. N. and Gowdy, J. M. 2000.
458:landed 36 men on Nauru. Accompanied by
451:. On 1 October 1888 the German gunboat
363:. Nauruans traced their descent on the
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4495:Historical flags of the British Empire
4479:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
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1850:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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1360:, Naval Institute Press, 1994, p. 175.
1333:Nauru: a middle ground in World War II
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1151:Paradise for Sale: A Parable of Nature
1009:McDaniel, C. N.; Gowdy, J. M. (2000).
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1215:Ocean Island and Nauru - their story
1176:Ocean Island and Nauru - their story
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4306:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
3149:. British Cameroons is now part of
1654:Shenon, Philip (10 December 1995).
1627:
1545:Nauru seeks to regain lost fortunes
1193:Ocean Island and Nauru; Their Story
1060:Ocean Island and Nauru; Their Story
950:List of colonial governors of Nauru
905:2022 Nauruan parliamentary election
897:2019 Nauruan parliamentary election
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739:. It was led by founding president
559:British Western Pacific Territories
126:{{Translated|fr|Histoire de Nauru}}
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2860:1708β1757, 1763β1782 and 1798β1802
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1374:"Nauru Officials Murdered By Japs"
713:United Nations Trusteeship Council
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475:. Christian missionaries from the
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4372:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
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1714:Trumbull, Robert (7 March 1982).
1614:on 11 May 2011 – via JSTOR.
1149:Carl N. McDaniel, John M. Gowdy:
1105:. University of California Press
1084:. University of California Press
1037:. University of California Press
785:Nauru in 2002, as seen from space
4515:
4506:
4505:
3918:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2410:Nauru Regional Processing Centre
2018:
1489:Brij V Lal (22 September 2006).
300:
160:
33:
1815:
1797:
1779:
1761:
1741:
1707:
1681:
1647:
1628:Ali, Saleem H. (14 July 2016).
1576:
1550:
1538:
1513:
1456:
1418:
1404:XVI(11) Pacific Islands Monthly
1348:
1274:
1265:
1259:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1245:
1207:
960:Nauru Phosphate Royalties Trust
749:Nauru Phosphate Royalties Trust
730:
594:
577:Australian Bureau of Statistics
4414:Australian Antarctic Territory
3270:since 1965 (before as part of
3267:British Indian Ocean Territory
3153:, while Tanganyika is part of
2787:since 1960 (before as part of
2515:Federated States of Micronesia
1881:. Melbourne University Press.
1860:Australian National University
1442:XX(10) Pacific Islands Monthly
1378:XVI(3) Pacific Islands Monthly
1168:
1116:
1095:
1074:
1027:
1002:
791:International Court of Justice
764:International Court of Justice
241:Collapse of phosphate industry
124:You may also add the template
13:
1:
1716:"World's Richest Little Isle"
1308:XI(7) Pacific Islands Monthly
1304:"How Nauru Took the Shelling"
975:
717:West Indies Associated States
629:On 6 and 7 December 1940 the
603:Nauru Island under attack by
2728:British Overseas Territories
935:Japanese occupation of Nauru
725:British Phosphate Commission
616:Japanese occupation of Nauru
573:British Phosphate Commission
7:
4441:British Antarctic Territory
4151:Western Pacific Territories
4045:
1854:Fabricius, Wilhelm (1992).
955:Nauru Phosphate Corporation
918:
745:Nauru Phosphate Corporation
553:World War I to World War II
96:will aid in categorization.
10:
4563:
4179:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
3596:British Arctic Territories
2876:
2772:
2296:Effects of mining in Nauru
861:People's Republic of China
619:
613:
556:
424:
71:Machine translation, like
4490:
4459:
4419:Commonwealth of Australia
4377:
4366:
4337:
4289:
4278:
4244:
4051:
4015:
3821:Newfoundland and Labrador
3535:
3524:
3502:League of Nations mandate
3483:
3207:
3196:
3177:Lancaster House Agreement
3147:League of Nations mandate
3136:
2882:
2871:
2778:
2767:
2734:
2606:
2583:
2502:
2431:
2329:
2320:
2281:
2272:
2213:
2204:
2143:
2060:
2037:
2028:
2015:
1974:
837:, hailing primarily from
248:
240:
229:
224:
216:
206:
198:
188:
180:
175:
159:
154:
48:the corresponding article
3949:Turks and Caicos Islands
3256:(protectorate) 1907β1949
3201:
2831:(integrated into the UK)
2666:Northern Mariana Islands
1124:"Background Note: Nauru"
882:Following parliamentary
441:Anglo-German Declaration
18:Trust Territory of Nauru
4232:1919β1942 and 1945β1968
4057:18th and 19th centuries
3873:Queen Charlotte Islands
3833:North-Western Territory
3805:1665β1674 and 1702β1776
3408:1781β1784 and 1795β1819
3073:1923β1965 and 1979β1980
2759:Commonwealth of Nations
2631:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1338:8 February 2012 at the
691:, on board the warship
687:, the commander of the
486:At the time there were
135:For more guidance, see
3982:West Indies Federation
3171:) and continued as an
2757:Current member of the
2415:Nauru Secondary School
786:
611:
436:
417:
310:
3904:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3175:state until the 1979
2784:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2609:and other territories
992:Retrieved 2006-05-03
784:
689:First Australian Army
620:Further information:
602:
434:
412:
337:by catching juvenile
313:Nauru was settled by
309:Nauruan warrior, 1880
308:
137:Knowledge:Translation
108:copyright attribution
4432:Realm of New Zealand
4430:(transferred to the
4417:(transferred to the
4250:Realm of New Zealand
3851:Prince Edward Island
3729:1671β1816, 1833β1960
2844:Malta (Protectorate)
1811:. 28 September 2022.
1354:Lundstrom, John B.,
1345:Retrieved 5 May 2006
913:David Ranibok Adeang
753:United Arab Emirates
4463:Since 2009 part of
4355:of AprilβJune 1982.
3942:Trinidad and Tobago
3556:Antigua and Barbuda
3456:Straits Settlements
2349:Indigenous religion
2052:Navigational system
2004:Japanese occupation
1695:. 30 September 2021
1438:"Only 745 Returned"
1427:, 14 September 1945
1331:Haden, J. D. 2000.
1213:Ellis, A. F. 1935.
1174:Ellis, A. F. 1935.
1130:on 17 October 2012.
996:14 May 2015 at the
833:. The ship carried
702:on 1 January 1946.
651:. On the next day,
649:four merchant ships
421:German protectorate
3615:Cape Breton Island
3506:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
3348:Unfederated States
3163:Southern Rhodesia
2753:Commonwealth realm
2496:History of Oceania
2303:Telecommunications
1994:Colonial governors
1843:Storr, C. (2020).
1720:The New York Times
1660:The New York Times
1462:Garrett, J. 1996.
1310:. 14 February 1941
945:President of Nauru
940:History of Oceania
787:
634:auxiliary cruisers
612:
437:
418:
311:
176:Historical Periods
116:interlanguage link
4529:
4528:
4486:
4485:
4362:
4361:
4294:Providence Island
4274:
4273:
4239:
4238:
4107:Western Australia
4075:Van Diemen's Land
4011:
4010:
3988:Associated States
3686:Columbia District
3520:
3519:
3374:Manila and Cavite
3192:
3191:
3071:Southern Rhodesia
3065:South-West Africa
3015:Northern Rhodesia
2927:Cape of Good Hope
2867:
2866:
2747:Current territory
2689:
2688:
2681:Wallis and Futuna
2626:Clipperton Island
2584:Associated states
2462:
2461:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2316:
2315:
2268:
2267:
2255:Political parties
2228:Foreign relations
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2009:COVID-19 pandemic
1793:. 27 August 2019.
1775:. 25 August 2019.
1562:Los Angeles Times
1380:. 16 October 1945
1111:978-0-520-22229-8
1103:Paradise for Sale
1090:978-0-520-22229-8
1082:Paradise for Sale
1043:978-0-520-22229-8
1035:Paradise for Sale
1011:Paradise for Sale
965:Politics of Nauru
925:Nauruan Civil War
857:Republic of China
609:Seventh Air Force
581:League of Nations
565:Australian troops
449:Nauruan Civil War
427:German New Guinea
396:Paradise for Sale
333:, and engaged in
277:
276:
148:
147:
60:
56:
16:(Redirected from
4554:
4542:History of Nauru
4519:
4509:
4508:
4474:Antarctic Treaty
4435:
4422:
4407:Falkland Islands
4399:Tristan da Cunha
4391:Ascension Island
4368:
4367:
4319:Falkland Islands
4280:
4279:
4248:Now part of the
4120:Pitcairn Islands
4085:Auckland Islands
4054:
4053:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4017:
4016:
4002:Windward Islands
3956:Vancouver Island
3733:MassachusettsBay
3602:British Columbia
3526:
3525:
3342:Federated States
3198:
3197:
3108:Tristan da Cunha
3077:Southern Nigeria
3009:Northern Nigeria
2888:Ascension Island
2873:
2872:
2832:
2769:
2768:
2743:Former territory
2740:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2671:Pitcairn Islands
2641:French Polynesia
2621:Christmas Island
2550:Papua New Guinea
2530:Marshall Islands
2503:Sovereign states
2489:
2482:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2447:
2440:
2395:
2394:
2364:Nauruan language
2327:
2326:
2291:Phosphate mining
2279:
2278:
2245:Pacific Solution
2211:
2210:
2058:
2057:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2022:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1879:The Phosphateers
1873:
1831:
1830:
1827:www.nauru.gov.nr
1819:
1813:
1812:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1634:The Conversation
1625:
1616:
1615:
1610:. Archived from
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1525:
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1486:
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1434:
1428:
1422:
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1415:
1413:
1411:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1346:
1343:Pacific Magazine
1329:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1284:. Austlii.edu.au
1278:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1229:The Phosphateers
1224:
1218:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1189:Ellis, Albert F.
1185:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1147:
1132:
1131:
1120:
1114:
1099:
1093:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1056:Ellis, Albert F.
1052:
1046:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1006:
1000:
986:
970:1948 Nauru riots
873:Operation Weasel
843:Pacific Solution
811:Bernard Dowiyogo
804:money laundering
777:Modern-day Nauru
377:
354:man-of-war hawks
280:History of Nauru
269:
262:
255:
233:originally found
164:
155:History of Nauru
152:
151:
127:
121:
95:
94:|topic=
92:, and specifying
77:Google Translate
58:
54:
37:
36:
29:
21:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4482:
4455:
4429:
4427:Ross Dependency
4416:
4373:
4358:
4333:
4285:
4270:
4240:
4235:
4191:
4186:Solomon Islands
4133:North Australia
4113:South Australia
4069:New South Wales
4047:
4044:
4007:
3727:Leeward Islands
3531:
3516:
3479:
3386:Muscat and Oman
3203:
3188:
3132:
2878:
2863:
2830:
2774:
2763:
2738:
2730:
2720:
2690:
2685:
2608:
2602:
2585:
2579:
2560:Solomon Islands
2498:
2493:
2463:
2458:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2419:
2393:
2379:Public holidays
2359:Nauruan cuisine
2312:
2264:
2192:
2139:
2056:
2024:
2017:
2013:
1970:
1961:
1913:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1870:
1856:Nauru 1888-1900
1840:
1838:Further reading
1835:
1834:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1767:
1766:
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1672:
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1652:
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1638:
1636:
1626:
1619:
1600:10.2307/2203821
1582:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1564:. 31 March 1985
1556:
1555:
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1543:
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1529:
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1371:
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1353:
1349:
1340:Wayback Machine
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1049:
1032:
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1021:
1007:
1003:
998:Wayback Machine
987:
983:
978:
921:
901:Lionel Aingimea
779:
741:Hammer DeRoburt
733:
721:small community
708:
706:Trust Territory
624:
618:
607:bombers of the
597:
561:
555:
477:Gilbert Islands
429:
423:
393:, according to
375:
303:
297:
273:
199:Australia trust
171:
144:
143:
142:
125:
119:
93:
61:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4378:
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4359:
4357:
4356:
4349:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4300:Willoughbyland
4297:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4276:
4275:
4272:
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4269:
4268:
4258:
4252:
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4214:
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4190:
4189:
4182:
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4035:
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4013:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3963:Virgin Islands
3959:
3953:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3930:South Carolina
3927:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3827:North Carolina
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3761:Mosquito Coast
3758:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3730:
3724:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3690:Oregon Country
3683:
3679:Cayman Islands
3675:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3637:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3611:
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3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3508:
3499:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3468:Trucial States
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3389:
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3371:
3365:
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3357:
3351:
3345:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3215:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3161:Self-governing
3158:
3144:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
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3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2933:Central Africa
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2902:
2892:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2824:
2821:Ionian Islands
2818:
2812:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2724:British Empire
2719:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2661:Norfolk Island
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2616:American Samoa
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2586:of New Zealand
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
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2432:
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2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:Meneng Stadium
2401:
2399:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2354:Nauruan Creole
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2097:
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2087:
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2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2047:Constituencies
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1999:German attacks
1996:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1912:
1911:External links
1909:
1908:
1907:
1887:
1874:
1868:
1851:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1814:
1796:
1778:
1760:
1754:Deutsche Welle
1740:
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1680:
1646:
1617:
1575:
1549:
1537:
1512:
1505:
1476:
1455:
1429:
1417:
1406:. 18 June 1946
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301:Early history
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292:Pacific Ocean
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90:main category
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44:You can help
40:
31:
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27:
19:
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4405:
4397:
4389:
4383:Saint Helena
4381:
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4229:
4167:Cook Islands
4118:
4091:New Hebrides
4060:20th century
3976:West Florida
3961:
3947:
3879:Rhode Island
3857:Pennsylvania
3815:Newfoundland
3752:
3677:
3627:East Florida
3598:16th c.β1880
3587:
3539:
3436:Crown Colony
3424:Pulo Condore
3398:Crown Colony
3392:North Borneo
3265:
3224:Protectorate
3173:unrecognised
3167:in 1965 (as
3106:
3059:South Africa
3047:Sierra Leone
3034:Saint Helena
3032:
3027:Orange River
2905:Bechuanaland
2886:
2806:
2782:
2746:
2726:and Current
2607:Dependencies
2593:Cook Islands
2534:
2344:Demographics
2233:Human rights
2218:Constitution
1975:
1878:
1855:
1845:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1752:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1719:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1692:
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1659:
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1633:
1612:the original
1591:
1587:
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1561:
1552:
1540:
1530:27 September
1528:. Retrieved
1515:
1495:
1463:
1458:
1448:30 September
1446:. Retrieved
1444:. 1 May 1950
1441:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1410:29 September
1408:. Retrieved
1403:
1394:
1384:29 September
1382:. Retrieved
1377:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1314:28 September
1312:. Retrieved
1307:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1276:
1267:
1253:
1247:
1228:
1222:
1214:
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1183:
1175:
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1150:
1128:the original
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819:Tampa affair
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734:
731:Independence
709:
699:
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681:
658:
652:
643:
637:
628:
625:
595:World War II
562:
547:Albert Ellis
544:
485:
481:Robert Rasch
454:
438:
401:
394:
384:
372:
368:
358:
350:Buada Lagoon
339:
315:Micronesians
312:
296:
279:
278:
225:Major Events
220:1968βpresent
149:
112:edit summary
103:
83:
55:(April 2015)
53:
45:
26:
4500:Anglosphere
4218:New Zealand
4127:New Zealand
3996:West Jersey
3911:Saint Lucia
3897:Saint Kitts
3891:Saint Croix
3871:1763β1791*
3839:Nova Scotia
3785:New England
3741:, 1691β1776
3708:East Jersey
3696:Connecticut
3575:Bay Islands
3462:Transjordan
3380:Mesopotamia
3218:Afghanistan
3212:Aden Colony
2997:Niger Coast
2963:) 1874β1957
2939:East Africa
2921:Cape Colony
2911:) 1884β1966
2901:) 1868β1966
2540:New Zealand
2145:Settlements
1809:ABC Pacific
1693:The Commons
1594:: 282β288.
1474:. pp176β181
839:Afghanistan
757:Third World
631:Nazi German
365:female side
335:aquaculture
321:influence.
282:, is about
190:German Rule
181:Pre-history
4536:Categories
4452:since 1908
4444:since 1908
4410:since 1833
4402:since 1816
4394:since 1815
4386:since 1658
4343:department
4330:since 1908
4322:since 1833
4123:since 1838
4103:Swan River
4097:Queensland
3984:1958β1962
3966:since 1666
3952:since 1799
3803:New Jersey
3773:New Albion
3757:since 1632
3754:Montserrat
3735:1629β1691
3682:since 1670
3604:1858β1866
3592:since 1619
3544:since 1650
3497:Bangladesh
3432:1841β1946
3394:1882β1963
3360:Federation
3338:1819β1826
3276:Seychelles
3220:1839β1842
3111:since 1816
3095:Tanganyika
3053:Somaliland
3041:Seychelles
3037:since 1658
2957:Gold Coast
2951:The Gambia
2895:Basutoland
2891:since 1815
2846:1800β1813
2836:Free State
2829:1542β1800
2815:Heligoland
2811:since 1713
2250:Parliament
2105:Denigomodu
1984:Head Chief
1159:0520222296
976:References
888:Baron Waqa
850:Australian
809:President
695:Diamantina
591:was born.
589:Angam Baby
496:Eamwidamit
490:on Nauru:
464:Gilbertese
445:New Guinea
380:John Fearn
346:acclimated
319:Polynesian
184:until 1888
4436:1841β1947
4423:1841β1933
4314:1831β1966
4308:1670β1688
4302:1651β1667
4296:1631β1641
4226:1914β1962
4220:1907β1947
4213:1901β1942
4211:Australia
4206:1900β1974
4200:1900β1970
4188:1893β1978
4181:1892β1979
4175:1889β1948
4169:1888β1901
4163:Rarotonga
4159:1884β1902
4153:1877β1976
4147:1874β1970
4141:1851β1901
4135:1846β1847
4129:1841β1907
4115:1836β1901
4109:1829β1901
4099:1824β1901
4093:1824β1980
4087:1807β1863
4081:1803β1901
4071:1788β1901
4004:1833β1960
3998:1674β1702
3990:1967β1983
3978:1763β1783
3972:1607β1776
3958:1849β1866
3944:1889β1962
3938:1862β1863
3932:1712β1776
3926:1635β1644
3920:1627β1979
3913:1605β1979
3906:1882β1983
3899:1623β1983
3893:1625β1650
3887:1670β1870
3881:1636β1776
3875:1853β1863
3865:1620β1691
3859:1681β1776
3853:1763β1873
3841:1713β1867
3835:1859β1870
3829:1712β1776
3823:1583β1907
3817:1907β1949
3811:1664β1776
3799:1637β1662
3797:New Haven
3793:1680β1776
3787:1686β1689
3781:1784β1867
3769:1628β1983
3763:1655β1860
3749:1632β1776
3723:1655β1962
3716:1733β1776
3710:1674β1702
3704:1701β1776
3698:1636β1776
3692:1818β1846
3674:1663β1712
3666:1867β1931
3660:1841β1867
3654:1791β1841
3648:1791β1841
3636:1762β1974
3629:1763β1783
3623:1763β1978
3617:1754β1820
3608:1866β1871
3584:1871β1981
3577:1643β1860
3571:1624β1966
3565:1670β1973
3558:1860β1981
3551:1632β1860
3476:1898β1930
3470:1892β1971
3464:1921β1946
3458:1826β1946
3452:1945β1946
3446:1946β1963
3444:Singapore
3438:1946β1963
3426:1702β1705
3420:1786β1946
3414:1923β1948
3412:Palestine
3400:1946β1963
3388:1891β1971
3382:1920β1932
3376:1762β1764
3370:1796β1965
3362:1948β1957
3356:1946β1948
3350:1885β1946
3344:1895β1946
3332:1848β1946
3326:1918β1961
3320:1811β1816
3314:1858β1947
3308:1841β1997
3306:Hong Kong
3302:1878β1960
3296:1795β1948
3290:1888β1984
3284:1824β1948
3272:Mauritius
3262:1874β1963
3250:1757β1947
3244:1812β1824
3234:1685β1824
3232:Bencoolen
3226:1879β1919
3214:1839β1967
3129:1887β1897
3123:1890β1963
3117:1890β1962
3103:1900β1910
3101:Transvaal
3097:1922β1961
3091:1899β1956
3085:1893β1968
3083:Swaziland
3079:1900β1914
3067:1915β1931
3061:1910β1931
3055:1884β1960
3049:1792β1961
3043:1903β1976
3029:1900β1910
3023:1891β1964
3021:Nyasaland
3017:1924β1964
3011:1900β1914
3005:1914β1960
2999:1884β1900
2993:1856β1910
2987:1810β1968
2985:Mauritius
2981:1807β1808
2975:1862β1906
2969:1920β1963
2953:1816β1965
2947:1882β1922
2941:1895β1920
2935:1891β1907
2929:1806β1910
2923:1795β1803
2917:1919β1961
2915:Cameroons
2852:1813β1964
2838:1921β1931
2823:1809β1864
2817:1807β1890
2808:Gibraltar
2803:1878β1960
2797:1794β1796
2751:*Current
2510:Australia
2398:Landmarks
2334:Angam Day
2308:Transport
2286:Companies
2260:President
2223:Elections
2062:Districts
2030:Geography
1989:Civil War
1897:cite book
1728:0362-4331
1668:0362-4331
1425:The Times
930:Angam Day
886:in 2013,
884:elections
831:Indonesia
823:Australia
500:Eamwidara
404:civil war
231:Phosphate
202:1920β1967
194:1888β1919
130:talk page
82:Consider
50:in French
4511:Category
4347:Colombia
4262:Kiribati
4139:Victoria
4079:Tasmania
3970:Virginia
3936:Stickeen
3924:Saybrook
3863:Plymouth
3809:New York
3747:Maryland
3739:Province
3702:Delaware
3672:Carolina
3664:Dominion
3658:Province
3621:Dominica
3569:Barbados
3541:Anguilla
3512:disputed
3493:Pakistan
3368:Maldives
3242:Billiton
3169:Rhodesia
3155:Tanzania
3151:Cameroon
3127:Zululand
3121:Zanzibar
2909:Botswana
2525:Kiribati
2454:Category
2206:Politics
1968:articles
1919:BBC News
1917:Timeline
1791:ABC News
1773:ABC News
1336:Archived
1191:(1935).
1058:(1935).
1045:pp 29-30
994:Archived
919:See also
909:Russ Kun
737:republic
664:occupied
660:Japanese
473:Auweyida
323:Nauruans
217:Republic
106:provide
4502:culture
4256:Vanuatu
4046:Oceania
3721:Jamaica
3714:Georgia
3634:Grenada
3589:Bermuda
3563:Bahamas
3549:Antigua
3430:Sarawak
3142:Namibia
3003:Nigeria
2979:Madeira
2899:Lesotho
2858:Minorca
2827:Ireland
2795:Corsica
2722:Former
2676:Tokelau
2575:Vanuatu
2438:Outline
2389:Tourism
2374:Obesity
2339:Culture
2322:Society
2274:Economy
2183:Ubenide
2085:Anibare
1976:History
1733:4 March
1673:4 March
1639:4 March
1608:2203821
1568:4 March
1466:. ABC.
1288:22 June
1201:3444055
1163:page 35
1068:3444055
892:elected
869:embassy
700:Trienza
672:leprosy
662:troops
569:Britain
536:Ranibok
414:Nauruan
327:coconut
290:in the
212:1942β45
128:to the
110:in the
52:.
4521:Portal
4341:Now a
4312:Guiana
4266:Tuvalu
3869:Quebec
3641:Canada
3582:Belize
3474:Weihai
3418:Penang
3406:Padang
3336:Malaya
3330:Labuan
3324:Kuwait
3300:Cyprus
3294:Ceylon
3288:Brunei
3260:Borneo
3254:Bhutan
3248:Bengal
3184:Zambia
3115:Uganda
2877:Africa
2850:Colony
2801:Cyprus
2789:Cyprus
2773:Europe
2739:Legend
2651:Hawaii
2570:Tuvalu
2178:Meneng
2163:Anetan
2158:Anabar
2120:Meneng
2090:Baitsi
2080:Anetan
2075:Anabar
2042:Canals
1966:
1885:
1866:
1726:
1699:18 May
1666:
1606:
1503:
1470:
1235:
1199:
1157:
1109:
1088:
1066:
1041:
1017:
827:Norway
524:Irutsi
520:Eoraru
508:Eamgum
504:Eamwit
492:Deiboe
373:Hunter
369:Hunter
4264:and *
4230:Nauru
4224:Samoa
4198:Tonga
4157:Papua
3767:Nevis
3652:Upper
3646:Lower
3489:India
3354:Union
3312:India
3282:Burma
3238:Banka
3089:Sudan
2991:Natal
2973:Lagos
2967:Kenya
2961:Ghana
2945:Egypt
2565:Tonga
2555:Samoa
2545:Palau
2535:Nauru
2445:Index
2384:Sport
2369:Music
2188:Yaren
2173:Buada
2135:Yaren
2130:Uaboe
2125:Nibok
2100:Buada
1964:Nauru
1604:JSTOR
1524:(PDF)
1113:pp 31
1092:pp 30
693:HMAS
653:Komet
647:sank
644:Komet
638:Orion
528:Iruwa
387:toddy
376:'
340:ibija
286:, an
284:Nauru
73:DeepL
4260:Now
4254:Now
4204:Niue
4145:Fiji
3847:1843
3775:1579
3495:and
3487:Now
3318:Java
3274:and
3240:and
3202:Asia
3182:Now
3140:Now
2646:Guam
2598:Niue
2520:Fiji
2238:LGBT
2153:Aiwo
2115:Ijuw
2070:Aiwo
1903:link
1883:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1735:2020
1724:ISSN
1701:2022
1675:2020
1664:ISSN
1641:2020
1570:2020
1532:2021
1501:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1450:2021
1412:2021
1386:2021
1316:2021
1290:2010
1233:ISBN
1197:OCLC
1155:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1086:ISBN
1064:OCLC
1039:ISBN
1015:ISBN
890:was
829:and
641:and
534:and
516:Emeo
512:Eano
455:Eber
453:SMS
361:flag
342:fish
329:and
244:2002
236:1900
166:The
104:must
102:You
66:View
4345:of
2168:Boe
2110:Ewa
2095:Boe
1596:doi
795:A$
532:Iwi
469:war
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