2448:
2263:
3213:
2424:
3181:
2508:
3141:
2520:
2316:
2205:
3169:
2484:
83:
3153:
2436:
1935:
2472:
2223:
1891:
1903:
2460:
3225:
2187:
2175:
1919:
496:
2496:
2532:
1875:
3197:
1269:) units were created as part of a reorganization between 1818 and 1822. These two corps were popularly known as « bigors » and « marsouins » respectively. Starting in 1831, these two arms ceased to serve on board naval ships and were exclusively armed with regular army equipment and weapons. Their role was now to serve on land in the new French colonial territories, as well as defending the large naval ports and bases in France itself.
638:
1701:
3381:
1454:
2239:
3249:
3237:
2251:
3261:
68:
955: », the naval and marine officers were able to man their ships. However, the system reached its limitations quickly. The recruits often lacked discipline and experience, and were discharged or deserted following their first voyage, wasting months of training. Until 1682 there was a serious shortage of experienced sailors and soldiers in the French Navy.
798:. An evolution in the mentality of the troops and an increasingly pronounced separation between the marines and their officers followed. A tentative close-up merger was attempted by two naval ship corps and their troops in 1786 with the companies of naval gunners assigned to ships of the Navy; however, the experiment came to little conclusion.
1628:(9th Colonial Infantry Division – 9e DIC). Both these divisions also landed in southern France in the follow-on echelons of Operation Dragoon. The French wanted the United States to transport these two divisions to the Pacific to fight against the Japanese and later retake French Indochina, but transport was a problem.
1417:, and was commemorated thereafter in an annual ceremony at TuyĂŞn Quang in which a soldier of the French Foreign Legion (representing the besieged garrison) and a marine infantryman (representing the relief column) solemnly presented arms on the anniversary of the relief of the beleaguered French post.
3454:
2136:
Historically, the uniform consisted of a blue kepi with red piping, double breasted navy blue tunic, lighter blue trousers, and yellow epaulettes. Worn by all ranks until 1914, the blue uniform was reissued for regular personnel in 1930 and is still worn by bandsmen. This traditional uniform gave the
1546:
The
Construction Service of the marine artillery (which designed and engineered the naval artillery guns in the metropolitan arsenals), became an integral part of the colonial artillery following the reorganisation of 1900. In 1909 those colonial artillery officers who specialised in artillery design
2328:
The officers and senior non-commissioned-officer can wear, in special circumstances, a sword as a part of their dress uniform. This sword has a straight-edge blade, in contrast to other Army Corps' curved sabers and thus similar to those of the Royal
Marines and the rest of the British Armed Forces.
3542:
A "military humanism", perpetuating culture of others including the ability to make contacts with the most diverse populations and to gain their trust. This military humanism embodied by the tradition of multiculturalism are today carried on by the
Specialised Headquarters for Overseas and Foreign
2282:
is presented to new recruits in a solemn ceremony. It is worn by officers and non-commissioned officers when another headdress is not prescribed. The kepi is entirely dark blue – a very dark blue, often mistaken for black – with a red (privates and corporals) or gold (non-commissioned officers and
758:
and participate in the boarding of enemy ships. These companies were also in charge of guarding the various sea ports. Despite the fact that the artillery of the marines was limited in numbers compared to those of the infantry marines (fusiliers and grenadiers), the ship's marine artillerymen were
2547:
The nickname used by
Marsouins and Bigors for the other branches of the French Army is biffins (slang for ragmen). The name originated in the nineteenth century when sailors of the Fleet and Marine Infantry and Artillerymen, proud of their own smart appearance, accused the soldiers of the Army of
1526:
One problem of this system was the differences between the training and equipment required for colonial and
European warfare. Service conditions in turn would differ between the various colonial territories in Africa and South East Asia. The two types of colonial troupes were however successfully
3527:
Formed initially to be deployed for service on France's overseas territories to maintain French interests, the marine troops have acquired a culture of openness. In addition, foreign missions have required the weapon it covers areas of varied specialties (combat infantry and armor, fire support,
779:(in particular: these marines were recruited in Europe, with marine officers recruiting them on the spot due to an excellent knowledge of the local environment). Since then the anchor has been with the Troupes as their official symbol because of the former links to the French Royal Navy.
2374:
during a parade on 11 November 1944, this regiment for a first time dressed this beret with the insignia of the SAS. However, these paratroopers then belonged to the Air Force. In
Indochina, the Infantry Metropolitan SAS Demi-Brigade retained the practice, which was readopted by the
2299:
The officers of marine "mounted" units (that is to say those formerly using horses, or currently armored vehicles) have the privilege of wearing gold spurs for certain occasions. This differs from the usual French cavalry practice of wearing silver spurs. Tradition has it that Queen
2567:
who, when rescued by colonial troops, exclaimed "In the name of God, the great colonials!". Annual ceremonies celebrating the marine troops take place on 31 August and 1 September – the anniversary of the Blue
Division. On 31 August detachments of all marine units parade at
1113:
centered on the same three military harbors: Brest, Rochefort and Toulon. The Marine
Artillerymen were tasked to serve aboard Navy ships as well as manning the coastal batteries. The commanding officers of the Marine Artillery were naval officers. The corps was dispanded in
1430:
were initially composed of sailors, senior rates and naval officers who undertook special infantry training to form the "marine" detachments aboard ships and conduct small scale landings. Unlike their anglophone contemporaries, they are graded by
1821:
were mostly volunteer regulars, as in France, draftees are legally exempt from overseas duty. The conversion of the French Army into a smaller professional force led to the French Army's decision to make the brigade its largest formation and the
950:
by
Louvois in 1673. Starting from this date, senior naval and marine officers were obliged to separately recruit crews and marines for each ship. Using a system of «levées» (selective conscription) in the various sea ports, similar to the
610:
in 2013, their units took part in more than sixty military operations over six decades. As they represent a core asset of French expeditionary capabilities, they are highly trained soldiers and noted for their professionalism and strong
1560:
stationed in (the 19 military districts of metropolitan) France was marked at 2,123 officers and 26,581 other ranks. The strength maintained in the colonies amounts to 1,743 officers, 21,516 European troops and 47,868 native soldiers.
1504:
were composed of two distinct corps. One was the colonial forces in metropolitan France, composed of
Europeans who had voluntarily enlisted for successive service engagements of five years duration. These regulars (as opposed to
1176:(Marine Artillery and Infantry Corps), created in 1792. The Corps had four infantry regiments, two artillery regiments, two engineer companies and two training companies. The infantry units were transferred to the Army in 1794.
3531:
Transcending the concept of mastering military equipment and technologies, the marine troops unite around a single symbol, the traditional golden anchor, that for those who serve marks a unique style whose main features are:
2648:
The particular role of this branch of the French Army is to consolidate various specialties: infantry, artillery, cavalry (armored), parachute forces, signals and engineers. These specialties, which are consolidated in the
1167:
was an early attempt to use sailors for duties previously done by marines – soldiers specializing in naval and amphibious combat. This naval artillery corps was suppressed in 1792 and its duties transferred to a new marine
2105:
uniform is the same as for other units of the French Army (light beige, plain green or woodland or desert camouflage according to circumstances). Distinctive features are a gold metal fouled anchor badge on a dark blue
3224:
2204:
3180:
2965:
3212:
2290:
used by the TdM are gold for officers and NCOs and wool of "daffodil" yellow for other ranks. This colour and pattern is derived from the historic epaulettes of the light infantry formations in mainland France.
1031:
The infantry and marine artillery units were briefly merged into a single marine corps in 1769. Some colonial units were created at the same time, organized along the same lines of artillery and infantry units.
1002:(Free Marine Companies) created in 1690. Each company was tasked to guard a military harbor and its immediate coastline. Beginning in 1695, the Companies were organized in battalions around the major harbors (
1331:
authorized two regiments. This was increased to three regiments in 1838 and four in 1854. The 1st Regiment was located in Cherbourg, the 2nd in Brest, the 3rd in Rochefort and the 4th in Toulon. In 1890,
3551:
These high values of identity give meaning to the commitment of the Marsouin and Bigord and always based natural vocation of the marine troops serving both in the French overseas territories and abroad.
2981:
2939:
2507:
2588:
appeared on the uniforms of French sailors from the late eighteenth century. The Marine Infantry and Artillery troops adopted this insignia at the same time and it remains the modern symbol of the
2250:
1581:
were still used in occasional amphibious landings but this was because of the ready availability of units normally based near naval embarkation ports or in colonial garrisons. In the World War I
40:
2519:
936:
was a substantial force in 1671, consisting of 196 naval vessels. Colbert decided to create 100 companies of "guardian-soldiers" intended to form part of the crews of the larger naval vessels (
3544:
1523:
etc.). The proportion of European to "native" colonial troops were progressively reduced as additional locally recruited units were created during the late 19th and earlier 20th centuries.
1409:(March 1885). In March 1885 the two marine infantry battalions in Lieutenant-Colonel Ange-Laurent Giovanninelli's 1st Brigade suffered heavy casualties storming the Chinese trenches at the
1276:, essentially conducted by the Marines and their troops, led to the rehabilitation and the increase of the latter in 1846. The revolution of 1848 led to a draconian reduction in size. The
2664:
2423:
3345:
3152:
1133:
2238:
2483:
579:, the Marines have taken part in all French military campaigns since the corps' foundation, both on home soil and in theaters of operations around the world. They are stationed in
1551:"; a newly created corps of the French Navy which subsequently merged with the Naval Engineer Corps (responsible for the construction of naval ships) during the Second World War.
2087:
3140:
2933:
2895:
2889:
969:
The Marine units were recreated at the end of the 17th century by re-organization of the infantry units dedicated to guarding military harbors (the Warden-Soldiers Companies or
1683:
before metropolitan troops started also to recruit volunteer soldiers. The cessation of obligatory military service after 2001 permitted the deployment of the remainder of the
765:, being in charge of displacing and mounting the naval guns under the orders of the respective marine artillery officer in charge. In the 18th century, they constituted the
2671:
headquarters, and also directs Foreign Legion forces overseas. The General commanding the EMSOME is nicknamed the "Father of the Marine Corps" (le Père de l'Arme des TDM).
2283:
officers) trimming. All kepis display the anchor insignia of the Marines. When not being worn the kepi is expected to be positioned so that the anchor is always visible.
2262:
1599:
including the 4th, 6th, 7th and 8th Colonial Infantry Regiments and Colonial Artillery. (The artillery element at Gallipoli did not contain any artillery units from the
2447:
4033:
3168:
2471:
1224:
The colonial expansion of the 19th century saw the extensive use of French sailors and marines serving together in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and West Africa. The
1121:
2114:
and their badge is a composite of the gold metal anchor and the silver wing of airborne units). This is worn either on the beret or embroidered on the front of the
1994:
in English), either due to their toughness and unwillingness to desert their positions in combat or because their duties usually had them stuck on coastal rocks.
1369:(August 1884 to April 1885) and during the period of undeclared hostilities in Tonkin (northern Vietnam) that preceded it. Between June 1883 and April 1886 the
2186:
2343:
The armored, artillery and infantry regiments of the Marines wear dark blue berets with golden anchor insignia. The parachute regiments of the Marines (
1890:
3230:
The dissolution ceremony at Le Mans July 7, 2011, the battalion / battle group Richelieu of the 2nd Regiment of Marines after return from Afghanistan.
2495:
1548:
868:
1614:
In World War II, one Colonial unit did have "Marine" in its title – The Bataillon d'Infanterie de Marine du Pacifique (BIMP). Two divisions of the
594:
specialists, the French Marines were pioneers of professionalization since the late 1960s and are well suited for military campaigns abroad. From
1509:) were assigned in small contingents to undertake tours of duty in the various French colonies outside North Africa. There they served either in
1420:
The French Navy itself, due to the trouble it was having in obtaining naval infantry detachments from the Ministry of the Navy, established the
2435:
2151:
was worn overseas during the colonial period, with blue, khaki or white uniforms according to circumstances. Until the early 1960s a dark blue
1806:(9e DIMa). This division was the amphibious component of the Force d'Intervention, which was renamed the Force d'Action Rapide (FAR) in 1983.
1515:(all white) units, or were employed as officers and NCOs in the recruitment, training and leadership of locally recruited indigenous troops (
3936:
615:. With a strength of over 17,000 men as of 2022, the Troupes de Marine consist of 26 regiments and amount to around 15% of the French Army.
3962:
2604:
1916: the Colonial Troops adopt the badge of an anchor over a flaming grenade (the latter being a traditional distinction of elite troops).
1309:
of general Élie de Vassoigne, named after the blue uniforms worn by the soldiers to differentiate them from the line troops. Following the
3196:
790:
under the Choiseul ministries, and after their emancipation at the end of 1760, they retained a large number of officers issued from the
2685:
1829:
1737:
2360:
2344:
1934:
1344:, created in 1793, was formed into a single regiment in 1814. A second was added on 8 July 1893. Battles fought in this era included
2222:
1298:
Honored since 1855, with the return of their staff of 1846, the marines demonstrated their capability during the expeditions of the
1288:
while aiding the heavy artillery pieces ( to constitute a siege artillery ) to disembark from the naval vessels under the orders of
2598:
1772: a royal ordinance provides for the port anchor badge on the uniforms of the French Royal Navy, including the Marine Regiment.
1874:
1184:(Marine Artillery Corps), created in 1794 from the artillery units of the Artillery and Infantry Corps. It was organized in seven
3674:
3581:
2626:
1945: the anchor officially sanctioned to be worn on all the attributes (including headgear and uniforms) of the Colonial Troops.
1152:
After 1786, the Marine units were often reduced to artillery units, except for some short-lived infantry regiments (1792–1794).
354:
2048:, unlike the rest of the Army cavalry. In military slang, they don't refer to themselves as cavalry but as "armored colonials" (
1022:(Marine Artillery Corps), created in 1692 to oversee the training and use of coastal artillery. The Corps was disbanded in 1761.
4038:
3110:
2858:
2715:
2705:
2695:
2356:
2352:
2348:
3891:
3729:
3704:
3616:
1642:
3539:
An ability to adapt to the most unusual situations, a true lifestyle product of history and operational experience repeated;
1611:
were however far more likely to see action in African or Asian land campaigns or, during both World Wars, in France itself.
1902:
1859:" (corps) of the French Army, which includes specialties associated with other corps (artillery, cavalry, signals, armour,
1306:
1590:
2315:
1918:
2459:
1671:
which were the only units mainly or entirely composed of "engaged" (non-conscript) soldiers. This was also the case in
420:
212:
1091:("Royal Marine Infantry Corps), created in 1774 with the infantry units of the Royal Marine Corps, organized in three
3721:
3696:
3647:
3608:
2256:
Shoulder patch of the marine artillery before the 2000s. This patch is sometimes still worn but not official anymore.
1285:
872:
864:
2086:
Recently, an engineer corps regiment became the first engineer regiment to inherit from Marine traditions. It's the
4028:
3834:
3187:
3130:
3124:
3116:
3102:
3096:
3089:
3083:
2864:
2414:
2406:
2395:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2338:
1860:
1785:
1775:
1127:
1095:
centered on the only three military harbors remaining: Brest, Rochefort and Toulon. The Corps' name was changed to
964:
768:
742:
642:
1569:
By the time the Troupes were transferred to the Army the unit names changed from "Marine" to "Colonial" while the
2878:
2872:
4004:
3819:
2531:
906:
819:
3777:
3749:
2833:
2827:
2174:
1753:
1724:. Finally, on 4 May 1961, the historic designation of "Troupes de marine" was readopted, this time for all the
386:
359:
349:
3260:
3248:
3236:
3186:
Military marine troops French Task Force, August 13, 2009, GTIA Korrigan (French forces in Afghanistan ;
2675:
2815:
2809:
2797:
2791:
2779:
2773:
807:
731:
628:
227:
3002:
2917:
2911:
2761:
2755:
2743:
2737:
2725:
1925:
1646:
1478:
1373:
included several marine infantry battalions and marine artillery batteries. These units saw service in the
1292:
1109:(Marine Artillery), created in 1774 with the artillery units of the Royal Marine Corps, organized in three
1068:
1007:
888:
876:
849:
791:
314:
232:
4043:
3218:
Ceremony of creation of battle group Richelieu, 2nd Regiment of Marines, before departure to Afghanistan.
1250:
572:
568:
479:
3536:
A brotherhood of gun mindset maintained by simple and warm human relationships between comrades in arms;
1471:, who only now served in the colonies, should be responsible. By a decree dated 7 July 1900 the renamed
3586:
3027:
67 régiment d'infanterie de Marine : Groupement de transit et d'administration du personnel isolé.
2387:
1406:
1370:
795:
254:
118:
3907:
3805:
3763:
543:, sometimes simply referred to as "French Marines" in English, are one of the major components of the
2633:
2552:
is excused this nickname, probably reflecting a special relation between Marsouins and legionnaires.
2133:
is also sometimes worn by certain units with a history of colonial service in Africa and Indo-China.
1209:
294:
259:
3868:
2632:
1962: introduction of the TDM beret, regulated by the Corps, with the gold anchor badge as the DUI (
2513:
Ceremonial parade of companies of the 1st Parachute Regiment of Marine Infantry, in 2008 at Bayonne.
2129:(official colour name is daffodil) and a navy blue cravat (scarf worn around the neck). A red waist
1462:
827:
690:
3017:
2041:
1969:"), allegedly because, like porpoises, they accompany ships without really being part of the crew.
1436:
1432:
1382:
1289:
975:, created in 1671) and the artillery units dedicated to coastal battery service (Bomb Companies or
652:
398:
269:
2525:
Change of command of Colonel of the 1st Parachute Regiment of Marine Infantry, in 2008 at Bayonne.
1410:
1402:
863:
The 1670s saw significant changes in the organisation of the new corps, administered by Ministers
3713:
De Bizerte à Sarajevo : les troupes de marine dans les opérations extérieures de 1961 à 1994
2379:
in 1948. The red beret, which was officially introduced as the standard uniform headdress on all
1139:
393:
3528:
communications ...) the exercise of which, today, reinforces a long history of professionalism.
2801:
1414:
794:, which would reproduce and compensate for the losses endured assisting the colonies during the
3576:
3203:
2843:
2837:
1506:
1314:
576:
2244:
Shoulder Patch of all marines (and infantry, paratroopers and light cavalry before the 2000s).
1047:(Royal Marine Corps). The Corps was organized in eight regiments, each centered on a harbor: (
1041:(Royal Marine Artillery and Infantry Corps), created in 1769. Its name was changed in 1772 to
3571:
2549:
2403:
2391:
1625:
1621:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1348:(1854) in the Baltic, Sea of Azoff and the Crimea (1855-56), Ki Hoa in China (1860), and the
833:
247:
110:
3068:
1230:
were tasked with insuring the French presence in its Asian, African, and American colonies.
2489:
Color Guard of the 1st Parachute Regiment of Marine Infantry November 11, 2008, in Bayonne.
1299:
942:
880:
811:
682:
632:
564:
289:
237:
207:
82:
2639:
1985: "traditional" anchor now permitted to be carried on pennants and guidons as a badge.
1398:
1305:
In 1870, marine artillery and infantry were for the first time regrouped in a grand unit:
8:
3840:
3791:
2572:
where the Museum of Marine Troops is located. On 1 September veterans hold a ceremony at
2564:
2309:
2144:
1881:
1638:
1637:
distinguished themselves in both World Wars. The most decorated regimental colors of the
1620:
were trained in amphibious tactics by the Americans and performed amphibious landings at
1353:
1345:
1310:
783:
646:
580:
299:
274:
242:
194:
3839:(in French). Paris: Le Petit Journal Militaire, Maritime, Colonial. 1905. Archived from
1756:(9 DIC) that had performed a successful amphibious assault on Elba in World War II. The
571:. Characterized by their fundamental vocation for service beyond the seas, including in
3856:
1794:
were removed from this division in 1976 to form a separate intervention force, and the
1582:
1490:
1472:
1448:
1080:
751:
674:
591:
425:
413:
222:
106:
2667:(EMSOME), the Specialized Staff for Overseas and Foreign Operations, functions as the
1520:
3887:
3725:
3717:
3700:
3692:
3643:
3612:
3604:
3561:
2601:
1900: the anchor is carried by the Colonial Infantry with their transfer to the Army.
1991:
1658:
1254:
902:
696:
3056:
10 régiment d'artillerie de Marine : 2 régiment du service militaire adapté in
2157:(forage/side cap) with red piping and anchor badge was the usual distinction of the
4023:
3778:"Armée de terre - Les Troupes de Marine en 1990 Revue n° 509 Mai 1990 - p. 189-190"
3750:"Armée de terre - Les Troupes de Marine en 1990 Revue n° 509 Mai 1990 - p. 189-190"
3045:
7 régiment d'artillerie de Marine : 3 régiment du service militaire adapté in
3034:
5 régiment d'infanterie de Marine : 4 régiment du service militaire adapté in
2617:
2477:
The companies of the 1st Parachute Regiment of Marine Infantry, in 2008 in Bayonne.
1966:
1650:
1421:
1390:
1349:
1233:
The revolutionary period saw a definite division in 1792 between the reconstituted
603:
556:
408:
329:
284:
217:
3384:
Uniform of the marines under Louis XV at the Museum of the 2nd regiment of marines
3067:
41 régiment d'artillerie de Marine : régiment du service militaire adapté de
3016:
11 régiment d'infanterie de Marine : régiment du service militaire adapté de
2610:
1920: an anchor entwined with a cable becomes the common badge of Colonial Troops.
2312:
in the Crimea (1854) where marine infantry saved British troops from destruction.
1984:
which was the order given for loading the guns on a ship. It could also come from
1909:
1394:
1366:
1213:
987:, created in 1689) and naval artillery administration (Artillery Commissaries or
937:
755:
737:
612:
552:
468:
324:
319:
309:
304:
264:
114:
1690:
1101:
in 1782, but it remained an infantry-only unit. The corps was disbanded in 1786.
39:
2994:
2943:
2301:
1654:
958:
475:
1712:
With France divesting itself of its colonies, on 1 December 1958 the title of
801:
637:
495:
4017:
3972:(managed by the national federation of veterans of oversea and marine troops)
3639:
Les troupes de Marine dans l’armée de Terre. Un siècle d’histoire (1900–2000)
2925:
2607:
1919: All officers of the Colonial Troops adopt a gold anchor on their kepis.
1536:
1320:
1273:
1246:
1056:
1003:
981:, created in 1689), naval artillery training (Apprentice Gunner Companies or
926:
845:
381:
334:
3046:
2501:
Jumping uniform and equipment worn by parachutists of the Marine paratroops.
1661:. Following 1962, operations in Africa were undertaken by the again renamed
1193:
786:, these troops, along with the rest of the Marines, were transferred to the
3159:
3146:
Color Guard of the 22nd battalion of marines, November 11, 2008, in Nantes.
2429:
Beret badge worn by the paratroops of the French colonial troops.(Obsolete)
2384:
2305:
1941:
1705:
1649:
2 RIMa. After 1945 the decolonization wars involved the colonial troops in
1547:
and manufacture work were transferred into the newly created "Engineers of
1540:
1532:
1185:
725:
472:
465:
344:
3990:
2729:
2563:
This expression is believed to have originated with the famous missionary
2709:
2410:
2399:
2148:
1684:
1586:
1528:
1516:
1484:
1281:
1277:
1201:
952:
947:
933:
922:
892:
884:
787:
624:
599:
544:
371:
339:
279:
86:
754:. These companies were used to embark on royal naval ships to serve the
3566:
3090:
Battalions and Colonial Parachute Groups (B.C.C.P, G.C.C.P & B.P.C)
3057:
2947:
2899:
2287:
1680:
1188:
and re-organized in four regiments in 1803. The Corps gained the title
1072:
376:
2561:
The Feast of the Marines: in the name of God, long live the colonials!
2210:
The distinctive badge with an anchor and the yellow epaulettes of the
3453:
2679:
2613:
1933: Colonial Artillery gunners no longer wear the grenade insignia.
2573:
2126:
2111:
1325:
The 21 February 1816, royal ordinance of Louis XVIII re-establishing
1064:
583:, in many French overseas departments and territories, as well as in
560:
3820:"Les troupes de marine tout en haut du générique du film "En avant""
3806:"Les troupes de marine tout en haut du générique du film "En avant""
3764:"Les troupes de marine tout en haut du générique du film "En avant""
3625:
Les Batisseurs d'empire Histoire Troupes de marine Tome II 1871–1931
3344:
2969:
2783:
2569:
1896:
Officer and Marsouin (private) in colonial dress, late 19th century.
1700:
1495:, retaining the anchor badge as a reminder of their naval heritage.
3380:
2882:
2819:
2689:
2229:
2045:
1453:
1060:
1052:
841:
548:
403:
366:
3174:
Parade of Companies of the 2nd Marine Regiment, change of command.
3978:
3969:
3900:
3006:
2985:
2921:
2747:
2719:
2699:
2363:, a Special Forces regiment, where soldiers wear a purple beret.
2031:
1676:
1147:
1048:
857:
837:
452:
96:
67:
3924:
There were no units of Artillerie Coloniale at Gallipoli in 1915
2616:
1935: the anchor insignia appears alone on the armbands worn by
1461:
In 1890 the Ministry of Colonies was separated from that of the
1272:
The diverse colonial or exterior operations administered by the
3035:
2847:
2765:
2585:
2319:
Badges and rank of Corporal and Corporal Chief of Marine troops
1076:
1011:
853:
584:
71:
2304:
requested this distinction for the marine troops from Emperor
1161:(Royal Sailors-Gunners Corps), created on 1 January 1786. The
1014:). The Marine Companies and Battalions were dissolved in 1761.
2903:
2623:
1939: the anchor no longer to be worn with an entwined cable.
2359:) wear a red beret with anchor and wing insignia, except the
2107:
1691:
End of Troupes Coloniales and recreation of Troupes de Marine
1672:
595:
3654:
Historique du 16 régiment d'infanterie de marine. Année 1900
2995:
Dissolved units with their traditions trusted to other units
959:
Free Marine Companies and Marine Artillery Corps (1690–1761)
925:, becoming respectively, the 11, 60, 43 and 61 regiments of
2629:
1953: approval of a "traditional" anchor design for the CT.
2329:
Since the Second World War, the sword is very rarely used.
2279:
2130:
2122:
2115:
1280:
saw them, along with the equipment of naval vessels of the
802:
Ordinary Sea Companies and Troupes de la marine (1622–1673)
607:
3691:, London; Washington: Brassey's Defence Publishers, 1988,
1978:, a nickname whose origin is disputed. It could come from
1321:
Marine Infantry and Marine Artillery Regiments (1816–1900)
3077:
3410:
The enemy turned pale, stepped back many times. Forward!
1809:
Because of their overseas heritage and their use in the
3509:
For the victories of Jena, Auerstadt, Stettin. Forward!
1442:
3710:
Comité national des traditions des troupes de marine,
3680:
John C. Cornelius, Richard J. Sommers, Michael Winey,
1313:, the marines participated to the construction of the
355:
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (1978–present)
1752:. It was named after and carried the insignia of the
1465:. This raised the question of to which authority the
1132:"Martinique et Guadeloupe", created 1772, became the
3545:État-major spécialisé pour l’outre-mer et l’étranger
3279:
This song is sung at a brisk pace to marching music
2696:
1er RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
2665:État-major spécialisé pour l'outre-mer et l'étranger
2655:
branch, form separate arms in the rest of the Army.
2268:
KĂ©pi of a first sergeant in the TDM with gold piping
1863:) but with overseas deployment as a specialisation.
1838:) and then back to the 9th Marine Infantry Brigade (
1695:
891:. The regiments were no longer directly part of the
687:. The French colonies were under the control of the
161:("And in the name of God, long live the Coloniale!")
2716:
8e RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
2706:
3e RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
2453:
red beret (Amaranth) of marine paratroops (France).
1778:and one motorized brigade and formed into the 11th
1740:(9 Brigade d'Infanterie de Marine) (9 BIMa) of the
1079:). The corps was broken down in 1774, in line with
3162:2008 military parade on the Champs-Élysées, Paris.
3125:7 RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
3111:6 RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
3097:5 RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
2859:2 RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
2273:
1828:was reduced in size on 1 July 1999 and became the
1038:Corps royal d'artillerie et d'infanterie de Marine
946:). However, these men were redirected towards the
921:) regiments were integrated definitively into the
728:(1958), their origin can actually be found in the
4034:Military units and formations established in 1622
3440:Bloody, but untamed, defied the winners. Forward!
3005: : bataillon du service militaire adapté de
2441:Current Beret badge worn by the Marine paratroops
1564:
1026:
4015:
2542:
856:. They wore an off-white/grey uniform with blue
679:, with origins dating back to the French Navy's
3331:In a supreme effort to turn our front. Forward!
1352:in Mexico (1863). Their most famous battle was
1239:and the ships of the navy. Under Napoleon, the
699:), accordingly, Marines defended the colonies.
3522:
3389:You die in battle or you come back victorious.
2867:) in Pierrefonds (RĂ©union) (airborne infantry)
2417:which transitioned to a purple beret in 2015.
1148:Revolution and First French Empire (1786–1816)
869:François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois
3836:Les armées du XXe Siècle, supplement illustré
3477:In Madagascar you, Annam and Tonkin. Forward!
3449:The success betrays us but we kept the honor.
3301:In the roaring storm or rough fight. Forward!
1413:. The French victory at Hòa Mộc relieved the
4007:Les troupes coloniales dans la Grande Guerre
4005:
3992:
3979:
3711:
3661:
3652:
3637:
3631:
3623:
3598:
3310:The heart of a sailor and that of a soldier.
3122:
3108:
3094:
3065:
3054:
3043:
3032:
3025:
3014:
3000:
2975:
2959:
2955:RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine du Pacifique
2953:
2931:
2909:
2887:
2870:
2856:
2825:
2807:
2789:
2771:
2753:
2735:
2650:
2589:
2211:
2193:
2158:
2152:
2138:
2100:
2076:
2068:
2058:
2049:
2035:
2025:
2016:
2003:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1960:
1954:
1854:
1848:
1839:
1833:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1747:
1741:
1731:
1730:. They became a major component in France's
1725:
1719:
1713:
1662:
1632:
1615:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1576:
1570:
1555:
1510:
1499:
1488:
1476:
1466:
1425:
1360:
1339:
1333:
1326:
1264:
1258:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1179:
1173:Corps d'artillerie et d'infanterie de marine
1171:
1162:
1156:
1104:
1096:
1086:
1042:
1036:
1017:
997:
988:
982:
976:
970:
916:
910:
896:
825:
817:
774:
766:
760:
729:
719:
713:
688:
680:
672:
666:
650:
517:
156:
143:
136:
29:
3446:When fighting against one hundred thousand,
3419:The laurels of Podor, of Inkerman and Alma.
3266:Following the dissolution of the battalion.
3254:Following the dissolution of the battalion.
3242:Following the dissolution of the battalion.
2584:As a naval symbol since ancient times, the
2121:The modern full dress includes a dark blue
1800:was expanded on 1 January 1976 to form the
1483:and were thus rebadged, now as part of the
1284:, illustrating their capability during the
524:
3881:
3202:Clarion marine troops in Kuwait after the
2366:The red beret was first introduced to the
1830:9th Light Armoured Marine Brigade (France)
360:Multinational Force in Lebanon (1982-1984)
38:
3622:Serge Saint-Michel & Rene Le Honzec,
3518:In our blood on fire, do not flow in vain
3340:This is for you to have one life to give.
1208:These units fought for France during the
3937:"Unités composant les troupes de marine"
3633:Centre d'Etudes d'Histoire de la DĂ©fense
3486:Son-Tay and Nouméa, Tamatave and Beijing
3452:
3379:
3343:
2314:
2216:. This uniform is only used for parades.
1699:
1645:(RICM) and the regimental colors of the
1452:
636:
3675:Office of the Chief of Military History
3582:List of French possessions and colonies
3370:We see your flag colors shine. Forward!
3358:And your face illuminated by burnished,
3003:4 régiment d'infanterie de Marine 4RIMa
2137:nickname of "the Blue Division" to the
1138:"Port-au-Prince", created 1773, became
4016:
3078:Other Parachute Marine units dissolved
2977:Détachement Terre de Polynésie/Rimap-P
1762:remaining overseas became part of the
1575:remained part of the French Navy. The
1126:"Pondichéry", set up 1772, became the
3929:
3657:, Paris, H. Charles-Lavauzelle, 1903.
3515:For the blood of heroes, our fathers,
2686:RĂ©giment d'infanterie-chars de marine
2579:
1643:Colonial Infantry Regiment of Morocco
1624:(6th Moroccan Mountain Division) and
1088:Corps royal d'infanterie de la marine
158:Et au Nom de Dieu, vive la coloniale!
3465:Valiant soldiers of our major ports,
2060:parachutistes d'infanterie de marine
1443:Transformation to Troupes Coloniales
491:Beret badge of the Troupes de Marine
3908:"Artillerie et expédition d'Orient"
3666:, Paris, L. Fournier et cie., 1939.
3642:, Paris, Lavauzelle, 2001, 444 p.,
3603:, Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle, 1991,
3443:A Bazeilles The Cluze and Neuville,
2726:1er RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
2368:Free French Paratroopers of the SAS
1841:9ème Brigade d'Infanterie de Marine
1718:(Overseas Troops) replaced that of
1704:A "marsouin" standing guard at the
1356:(1870) in the Franco-Prussian War.
1249:. Following the disbandment of the
13:
3437:Our forehead, wounded by shrapnel,
3373:The glory took you under his wing,
3286:The chorus of male songs, (repeat)
3158:21st Regiment of marine infantry,
2934:33 RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
2890:6 Bataillon d'Infanterie de Marine
2828:11 RĂ©giment d'Artillerie de Marine
2774:21 RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
2548:being slovenly by comparison. The
2537:French military parachutist badge
1835:9 Brigade Légère Blindée de Marine
1338:was increased to eight regiments.
1164:Corps royal de canonniers-matelots
1158:Corps royal de cannoniers-matelots
547:and comprise several specialties:
421:Central African Republic Civil War
14:
4055:
3954:
3663:La formation de l'armee coloniale
3413:And on our foreheads that shines,
3364:From the Bosphorus to Martinique,
2912:9 RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
2873:5 RĂ©giment interarmes d'outre-mer
2810:3 RĂ©giment d'Artillerie de Marine
2792:1 RĂ©giment d'Artillerie de Marine
2756:3 RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
2738:2 RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
1825:9 Division d'Infanterie de Marine
1803:9 Division d'Infanterie de Marine
1696:Troupes de Marine (1958– present)
1393:(October 1884 to June 1885), the
984:compagnies d'apprentis-cannoniers
782:Following France's defeat in the
3981:Centre de ressources sur les TDM
3833:"L'Armée Coloniale Française.".
3494:Where the ardent call of bugles,
3471:Who do you count your dead point
3289:Our soul always ready to danger,
3259:
3247:
3235:
3223:
3211:
3195:
3179:
3167:
3151:
3139:
3084:List of French paratrooper units
2658:
2620:officers of the Colonial Troops.
2530:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2339:List of French paratrooper units
2261:
2249:
2237:
2221:
2203:
2185:
2173:
1959:soldiers are known in French as
1933:
1917:
1901:
1889:
1873:
1797:9 Brigade d'Infanterie de Marine
1315:second colonial empire of France
1120:"Cap", created 1766, became the
999:Compagnies franches de la Marine
965:Compagnies franches de la marine
769:Compagnies Franches de la Marine
702:
643:Compagnies Franches de la Marine
494:
208:Siege of La Rochelle (1627-1628)
81:
66:
3884:Les Troupes de Marine 1622–1984
3600:Les Troupes de Marine 1622–1984
3462:Constantly ready for any fight;
3422:When Prussia inundating France,
3407:That the fire or sword deforms,
3337:Dear France, O sublime country!
2294:
2274:Kepi and traditional epaulettes
2192:Beret of all the French Army's
1219:
759:the determining factor for the
743:Compagnies Ordinaires de la Mer
732:Compagnies Ordinaires de la Mer
450:("Father of the Marine Corps")
185:Hymne de l'Infanterie de marine
3875:
3826:
3812:
3798:
3784:
3770:
3756:
3742:
3392:In every battle in the Crimea,
3376:For the honor always faithful,
3361:The brilliance of great deeds.
3295:Men of iron that nothing weary
2465:Marine parachutists in Rwanda.
2377:1st SAS Parachute Demi-Brigade
2308:to honor the branch after the
2302:Victoria of the United Kingdom
1997:
1754:9th Colonial Infantry Division
1591:Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient
1565:Troupes Coloniales (1900–1958)
1027:Royal Marine Corps (1769–1786)
972:compagnies de soldats-gardiens
828:RĂ©giment de l'Amiral de France
816:The separate companies of the
724:during the dismantling of the
426:Operation Sangaris (2013-2016)
414:Operation Barkhane (2014-2022)
387:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
350:Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990)
1:
4039:1622 establishments in France
3736:
3716:, Paris:C. Lavauzelle, 1995,
3682:The Military Forces of France
3506:We will give younger sisters,
3404:At the sight of our uniforms,
3352:Be proud soldier in the Navy,
3328:We see, contorted with agony,
3322:Just decimate our battalions.
2555:
2543:Marsouins, Bigors and Biffins
1554:In 1905, the strength of the
1257:, separate marine artillery (
808:Compagnie ordinaire de la mer
629:Compagnie Ordinaire de la Mer
228:War of the Spanish Succession
3882:Lavauzelle, Charles (1991).
3425:About Us unleashed its fury,
2409:retaining their traditional
2332:
2166:
1972:Marine Gunners are known as
1949:
1647:2nd Marine Infantry Regiment
1293:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
1181:Corps d'artillerie de marine
1019:Corps d'artillerie de Marine
879:. The four regiments of the
409:Operation Serval (2013-2014)
315:Second Madagascar expedition
233:War of the Polish Succession
7:
3994:Musée des troupes de marine
3689:France, Soldiers and Africa
3555:
3523:Values of the Marine Troops
3503:So for us, oh what a feast!
3491:A day will come, dear hope,
3480:Also under the sky its dome
3474:You reduce Chinese, Kanaka,
3434:And when the battle roared,
3431:We have opposed our hearts.
3416:We can see the triple crown
3401:We were climbing the walls.
3367:From Senegal to the Pacific
3304:To make a soldier of Marine
2676:RĂ©giment de Marche du Tchad
2643:
2394:), became the norm for all
2180:Troupes de marine on parade
2143:units involved in the 1870
2030:, abbreviation: -IMa). The
1940:French colonial soldier in
1774:was expanded by adding two
1738:9th Marine Infantry Brigade
1457:Helmet of Colonial Troupes.
671:were formerly known as the
573:French overseas territories
480:Jacques Testard de Montigny
10:
4060:
3886:. pp. 346 & 364.
3592:
3428:At his balls as his spears
3298:We look death in the face,
3081:
2388:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
2336:
2110:(Marine paratroopers wear
2094:
1884:dress, as worn until 1914.
1866:
1446:
1371:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
1204:'s return (1814 and 1815).
962:
909:, Royal-Vaisseux, and the
883:were transferred from the
805:
796:American Revolutionary War
773:who essentially spread to
622:
618:
255:American Revolutionary War
119:Special Operations Capable
3677:, Dept. of the Army, 1957
3512:Yes we love the holy wars
3500:Avengers ... and we will.
3313:Often in the torrid zone,
3292:Brave and lightning guns.
3271:
2702:(airborne/special forces)
2634:Distinctive unit insignia
1593:was more than two-thirds
1210:French Revolutionary Wars
1196:'s coronation (1804) and
990:Commissaires d'artillerie
978:compagnies de bombardiers
901:was retained. During the
895:although the designation
877:Secretary of State of War
707:
502:
490:
485:
459:
440:
435:
295:Second Franco-Mexican War
260:French Revolutionary Wars
201:
197:(31 August - 1 September)
190:
180:
165:
152:
132:
124:
102:
92:
77:
62:
49:
37:
28:
23:
3914:(in French). 5 July 2020
3684:, Washington, GPO, 1977.
2972:New Caledonia (infantry)
2383:in Indochina in 1952 by
2323:
1687:in overseas operations.
1479:DĂ©partement de la Guerre
1405:(February 1885) and the
1098:Corps royal de la Marine
1044:Corps royal de la Marine
889:secretariat of La Guerre
885:secretariat of La Marine
820:Régiment Royal–La Marine
399:Second Ivorian Civil War
270:First Franco-Mexican War
16:Corps of the French Army
4029:Arms of the French Army
3497:Will rise to our France
3468:No nothing can kill you
3398:De Malakoff under fire,
3355:Love thy victory bugles
3334:And we regret unanimous
3316:The tooth tiger or lion
2370:in August 1944, at the
1786:11th Parachute Division
1781:Division d'Intervention
1487:, under one name – the
1263:) and marine infantry (
1245:were used primarily as
1140:110th Infantry Regiment
1134:109th Infantry Regiment
1128:107th Infantry Regiment
1122:106th Infantry Regiment
695:(the equivalent of the
569:transmissions (signals)
394:First Ivorian Civil War
4006:
3993:
3980:
3712:
3662:
3653:
3638:
3632:
3624:
3599:
3577:French colonial empire
3458:
3457:Marsouin marine troops
3395:We too have taken part
3385:
3348:
3319:Fever or ball homicide
3204:Operation Desert Storm
3123:
3109:
3095:
3066:
3055:
3044:
3033:
3026:
3015:
3001:
2976:
2960:
2954:
2932:
2910:
2888:
2871:
2857:
2846:– (Marine Sappers) in
2838:Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier
2826:
2808:
2790:
2772:
2754:
2736:
2651:
2590:
2320:
2212:
2198:, except paratroopers.
2194:
2159:
2153:
2139:
2101:
2088:6ème Régiment du Génie
2077:
2069:
2063:, abbreviation: -PIMa)
2059:
2050:
2036:
2026:
2017:
2004:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1961:
1955:
1855:
1849:
1840:
1834:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1780:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1748:
1742:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1709:
1663:
1633:
1616:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1577:
1571:
1556:
1511:
1500:
1489:
1477:
1475:were placed under the
1467:
1463:Ministère de la Marine
1458:
1426:
1361:
1341:L'artillerie de marine
1340:
1335:L'infanterie de marine
1334:
1328:L'infanterie de marine
1327:
1265:
1259:
1241:
1235:
1226:
1180:
1172:
1163:
1157:
1105:
1097:
1087:
1083:'s reform of the navy.
1043:
1037:
1018:
998:
989:
983:
977:
971:
941:
918:RĂ©giment de Vermandois
917:
911:
897:
826:
818:
792:Ministère de la Guerre
775:
767:
761:
750:), created in 1622 by
748:Ordinary Sea Companies
741:
730:
720:
714:
691:Ministère de la Marine
689:
681:
673:
667:
662:
651:
602:in 2002, and from the
518:
157:
144:
137:
128:> 17,000 men (2022)
30:
3572:French colonial flags
3456:
3383:
3347:
3325:So to the motherland,
3307:You need in the chest
2682:(mechanized infantry)
2318:
2081:, abbreviation: -AMa)
2021:, abbreviation: -IMa)
2012:Infanterie de Marine
1733:Forces d'Intervention
1703:
1456:
1435:rather than adopting
1397:(November 1884), the
1377:(December 1883), the
993:, created in 1631).
873:Naval State Secretary
640:
248:French and Indian War
111:Expeditionary warfare
2844:6e RĂ©giment du GĂ©nie
2802:Châlons-en-Champagne
2396:airborne contingents
2078:artillerie de marine
2070:Artillerie de Marine
2027:infanterie de Marine
2018:infanterie de marine
1812:Force d'Intervention
1771:Force d'Intervention
1749:Force d'Intervention
1746:was formed a French
1715:Troupes d' Outre-Mer
1415:Siege of TuyĂŞn Quang
1401:(January 1885), the
1300:Second French Empire
1266:Infanterie de Marine
1260:Artillerie de Marine
1106:Artillerie de Marine
912:RĂ©giment de l'Amiral
812:Troupes de la marine
762:Troupes de la marine
683:Troupes de la marine
633:Troupes de la marine
290:Cochinchina Campaign
3939:. french government
3843:on 21 November 2016
3822:. 14 November 2022.
3808:. 12 November 2012.
3794:. 17 February 2023.
3792:"Troupes de marine"
3766:. 12 November 2012.
3671:Rearming the French
3283:In battle or storm,
3018:Polynésie française
2722:(airborne infantry)
2712:(airborne infantry)
2565:Charles de Foucauld
2310:Battle of Balaclava
2145:Franco-Prussian War
2057:Airborne Infantry (
1908:Marine infantrymen
1784:, which became the
1736:. In July 1963 the
1639:French Armed Forces
1407:Pescadores Campaign
1383:Capture of HĆ°ng HĂła
1311:Franco-Prussian War
1286:Siege of Sevastopol
1117:Colonial Regiments
715:Troupes d'Outre-Mer
659:Armed Forces Museum
581:Metropolitan France
300:Franco-Prussian War
275:Franco-Moroccan War
44:Marine troops badge
4044:Cardinal Richelieu
3459:
3386:
3349:
3069:Nouvelle-Calédonie
2961:Nouvelle Calédonie
2580:The anchor of gold
2321:
2286:The "traditional"
1765:Forces d'outre mer
1727:Troupes Coloniales
1721:Troupes Coloniales
1710:
1634:Troupes coloniales
1608:Troupes Coloniales
1602:Troupes Coloniales
1583:Gallipoli campaign
1557:Troupes coloniales
1501:Troupes coloniales
1491:Troupes coloniales
1459:
1449:Troupes coloniales
1385:(April 1884), the
1381:(March 1884), the
1081:Antoine de Sartine
752:Cardinal Richelieu
675:Troupes coloniales
663:
592:amphibious warfare
575:and, formerly, in
213:Franco-Spanish War
107:Amphibious warfare
3893:978-2-7025-0316-4
3730:978-2-7025-0380-5
3705:978-0-08-034748-6
3687:Anthony Clayton,
3669:Marcel Vigneras,
3617:978-2-7025-0316-4
3587:Moroccan Division
3483:Joined still halo
2669:Troupes de marine
2652:Troupes de marine
2591:Troupes de marine
2213:Troupes de marine
2195:Troupes de marine
2160:Troupes de marine
2140:Troupes de marine
2125:, yellow fringed
2102:Troupes de marine
2051:blindés coloniaux
2037:Troupes de Marine
2005:Troupes de Marine
1956:Troupes de marine
1880:Marsouin in full
1850:Troupes de marine
1818:Troupes de marine
1791:Troupes de marine
1776:airborne brigades
1759:Troupes de marine
1743:Troupes de marine
1664:troupes de Marine
1641:are those of the
1617:Troupes Coloniale
1596:Troupes Coloniale
1578:Troupes Coloniale
1535:, as well as the
1468:troupes de Marine
1411:Battle of Hòa Mộc
1403:Lạng Sơn Campaign
1399:Battle of NĂşi Bop
1389:(June 1884), the
1379:Bắc Ninh Campaign
1362:Troupes de marine
1242:troupes de marine
1236:troupes de marine
1227:troupes de marine
905:, the La Marine,
898:Troupes de marine
721:Troupes de Marine
697:British Admiralty
668:Troupes de marine
519:Troupes de Marine
510:
509:
238:King George's War
31:Troupes de Marine
4051:
4009:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3966:
3965:
3963:Official website
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3912:Forum pages14-18
3904:
3898:
3897:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3746:
3715:
3665:
3656:
3641:
3635:
3627:
3602:
3263:
3251:
3239:
3227:
3215:
3199:
3183:
3171:
3155:
3143:
3128:
3114:
3100:
3073:
3062:
3051:
3040:
3029:
3022:
3011:
2979:
2963:
2957:
2937:
2915:
2893:
2876:
2862:
2831:
2813:
2795:
2777:
2759:
2741:
2732:(light armoured)
2708:} (3e RPIMa) in
2692:(light armoured)
2654:
2593:
2534:
2522:
2510:
2498:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2438:
2426:
2390:(except for the
2265:
2253:
2241:
2225:
2215:
2207:
2197:
2189:
2177:
2162:
2156:
2142:
2104:
2080:
2072:
2062:
2053:
2039:
2029:
2020:
2007:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1967:Harbour porpoise
1964:
1958:
1937:
1921:
1905:
1893:
1877:
1858:
1853:are one of the "
1852:
1843:
1837:
1827:
1820:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1783:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1751:
1745:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1669:Légion étrangère
1666:
1636:
1619:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1580:
1574:
1572:Fusiliers-Marins
1559:
1514:
1503:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1429:
1427:Fusiliers-Marins
1422:Fusiliers Marins
1391:Keelung Campaign
1375:Sơn Tây Campaign
1364:
1350:Battle of Puebla
1343:
1337:
1330:
1268:
1262:
1244:
1238:
1229:
1183:
1175:
1166:
1160:
1108:
1100:
1090:
1046:
1040:
1021:
1001:
992:
986:
980:
974:
920:
914:
900:
831:
823:
784:Seven Years' War
778:
772:
764:
735:
723:
717:
694:
686:
678:
670:
656:
653:Musée de l'Armée
647:Seven Years' War
557:armoured cavalry
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
521:
498:
330:Second World War
285:Second Opium War
243:Seven Years' War
218:Franco-Dutch War
176:
173:
160:
147:
140:
85:
70:
42:
33:
21:
20:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4014:
4013:
4001:
3991:Website of the
3987:
3975:
3970:Unofficial site
3961:
3960:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3917:
3915:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3880:
3876:
3864:
3863:
3854:
3853:
3846:
3844:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3660:Louis Beausza,
3595:
3558:
3525:
3274:
3267:
3264:
3255:
3252:
3243:
3240:
3231:
3228:
3219:
3216:
3207:
3200:
3191:
3184:
3175:
3172:
3163:
3156:
3147:
3144:
3086:
3080:
2997:
2698:(1er RPIMa) in
2661:
2646:
2582:
2558:
2545:
2538:
2535:
2526:
2523:
2514:
2511:
2502:
2499:
2490:
2487:
2478:
2475:
2466:
2463:
2454:
2451:
2442:
2439:
2430:
2427:
2341:
2335:
2326:
2297:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2257:
2254:
2245:
2242:
2233:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2178:
2169:
2097:
2024:Light Cavalry (
2000:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1929:
1924:French Marines
1922:
1913:
1906:
1897:
1894:
1885:
1878:
1869:
1698:
1693:
1679:and the former
1567:
1549:Naval Artillery
1451:
1445:
1395:Battle of Yu Oc
1367:Sino-French War
1323:
1222:
1214:Napoleonic Wars
1212:and in all the
1150:
1029:
967:
961:
887:to that of the
871:, respectively
814:
806:Main articles:
804:
776:Nouvelle France
756:naval artillery
710:
705:
641:Soldier of the
635:
623:Main articles:
621:
613:esprit de corps
577:French colonies
536:
533:
530:
527:
513:
478:
471:
469:Joseph Gallieni
461:
451:
449:
442:
325:First World War
320:Boxer Rebellion
310:Tonkin campaign
305:Sino-French war
265:Napoleonic Wars
223:Nine Years' War
174:
171:
170:
142:
141:(The porpoises)
117:
115:Airborne forces
113:
109:
57:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4057:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4012:
4011:
3999:
3985:
3973:
3967:
3956:
3955:External links
3953:
3951:
3950:
3928:
3899:
3892:
3874:
3825:
3811:
3797:
3783:
3769:
3755:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3708:
3685:
3678:
3667:
3658:
3650:
3628:
3620:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3548:
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3524:
3521:
3520:
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3510:
3507:
3504:
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3498:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3481:
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3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
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3356:
3353:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3276:(traditional)
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3210:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3176:
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3166:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3120:
3106:
3092:
3082:Main article:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3052:
3041:
3030:
3023:
3012:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2973:
2951:
2944:Fort-de-France
2929:
2907:
2885:
2868:
2851:
2841:
2823:
2805:
2787:
2769:
2751:
2733:
2723:
2718:(8e RPIMa) in
2713:
2703:
2693:
2683:
2660:
2657:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2581:
2578:
2557:
2554:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2421:
2402:in 1957, with
2337:Main article:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2296:
2293:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2236:
2234:
2228:"Traditional"
2227:
2220:
2218:
2209:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2055:
2042:military ranks
2022:
1999:
1996:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1888:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1768:. In 1964 the
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1566:
1563:
1447:Main article:
1444:
1441:
1365:fought in the
1322:
1319:
1251:Imperial Guard
1221:
1218:
1206:
1205:
1177:
1169:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1115:
1102:
1084:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1015:
963:Main article:
960:
957:
915:( re-baptized
836:were based in
803:
800:
709:
706:
704:
701:
620:
617:
604:First Gulf War
511:
508:
507:
504:
500:
499:
492:
488:
487:
483:
482:
476:Marcel Bigeard
463:
457:
456:
447:Père de l'Arme
444:
438:
437:
433:
432:
431:
430:
429:
428:
418:
417:
416:
411:
401:
396:
391:
390:
389:
379:
374:
369:
364:
363:
362:
357:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
251:
250:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
203:
199:
198:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
167:
163:
162:
154:
150:
149:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
79:
75:
74:
64:
60:
59:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4056:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4010:
4008:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3958:
3938:
3932:
3925:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3870:
3858:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3815:
3807:
3801:
3793:
3787:
3779:
3773:
3765:
3759:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3722:2-7025-0380-2
3719:
3714:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3697:0-08-034748-7
3694:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:2-7025-0492-2
3645:
3640:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3609:2-7025-0316-0
3606:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3553:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3262:
3257:
3250:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3226:
3221:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3149:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3072:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2927:
2926:French Guiana
2923:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2659:Current units
2656:
2653:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2587:
2577:
2576:in Ardennes.
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2553:
2551:
2533:
2528:
2521:
2516:
2509:
2504:
2497:
2492:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2456:
2449:
2444:
2437:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2330:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2264:
2259:
2252:
2247:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2188:
2183:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1926:in Madagascar
1920:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1788:in 1971. The
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1707:
1702:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1537:Indochina War
1534:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1455:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1424:in 1856. The
1423:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:Bắc Lệ ambush
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1329:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:Blue Division
1303:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:July Monarchy
1270:
1267:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:line infantry
1243:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:half-brigades
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1123:
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1118:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
996:
995:
994:
991:
985:
979:
973:
966:
956:
954:
949:
945:
944:
939:
935:
934:Marine Royale
930:
928:
924:
919:
913:
908:
904:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
861:
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855:
851:
847:
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839:
835:
830:
829:
822:
821:
813:
809:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
777:
771:
770:
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757:
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749:
745:
744:
739:
734:
733:
727:
722:
716:
703:Ancien RĂ©gime
700:
698:
693:
692:
685:
684:
677:
676:
669:
660:
655:
654:
648:
644:
639:
634:
630:
626:
616:
614:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:Historically
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
534:Marine Troops
522:
520:
512:Military unit
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
481:
477:
474:
470:
467:
464:
458:
454:
448:
445:
439:
434:
427:
424:
423:
422:
419:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
388:
385:
384:
383:
382:War on terror
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
335:Indochina War
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
249:
246:
245:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
204:
200:
196:
193:
191:Anniversaries
189:
186:
183:
179:
168:
164:
159:
155:
151:
148:(The winkles)
146:
139:
138:Les marsouins
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:Marine Troops
22:
19:
3941:. Retrieved
3931:
3923:
3916:. Retrieved
3911:
3902:
3883:
3877:
3845:. Retrieved
3841:the original
3835:
3828:
3814:
3800:
3786:
3772:
3758:
3744:
3688:
3681:
3670:
3562:Marine corps
3550:
3530:
3526:
3278:
3275:
3160:Bastille Day
2950:) (infantry)
2928:) (infantry)
2906:) (infantry)
2728:(1 RIMa) in
2668:
2662:
2647:
2583:
2560:
2559:
2546:
2407:paratroopers
2404:legionnaires
2381:Paratroopers
2365:
2342:
2327:
2306:Napoleon III
2298:
2295:Golden Spurs
2285:
2277:
2230:garrison cap
2135:
2120:
2098:
2001:
1981:bigue dehors
1971:
1953:
1928:(1894–1895).
1882:metropolitan
1861:paratroopers
1846:
1808:
1711:
1706:Gare de Lyon
1668:
1630:
1613:
1568:
1553:
1545:
1541:Algerian War
1533:World War II
1527:employed in
1525:
1497:
1460:
1419:
1358:
1324:
1304:
1297:
1271:
1253:, under the
1232:
1223:
1220:19th century
1207:
1197:
1189:
1151:
1110:
1092:
1030:
968:
953:marine press
931:
907:Royal-Marine
862:
815:
781:
747:
726:French Union
711:
664:
658:
589:
540:
516:
514:
503:Abbreviation
446:
345:Algerian War
184:
169:Red and blue
54:
18:
4002:(in French)
3988:(in French)
3976:(in French)
3943:17 February
3865:|work=
3780:. May 1990.
3752:. May 1990.
2850:(engineers)
2840:(artillery)
2822:(artillery)
2804:(artillery)
2710:Carcassonne
2411:green beret
2400:French Army
2278:The modern
2149:pith helmet
2099:The modern
2075:Artillery (
1998:Composition
1844:) in 2016.
1685:French Army
1587:Dardanelles
1529:World War I
1517:tirailleurs
1485:French Army
1433:naval rates
1278:Crimean War
1255:Restoration
1202:Louis XVIII
948:French Army
923:French Army
893:French Navy
832:founded by
788:French Army
645:during the
625:French Army
606:in 1990 to
600:Afghanistan
598:in 1964 to
565:engineering
545:French Army
372:Bosnian War
340:Suez Crisis
280:Crimean War
202:Engagements
133:Nickname(s)
87:French Army
58:(402 years)
4018:Categories
3737:References
3567:Tirailleur
3058:Guadeloupe
3047:La RĂ©union
2988:(infantry)
2948:Martinique
2900:Libreville
2853:Overseas:
2786:(infantry)
2768:(infantry)
2750:(infantry)
2688:(RICM) in
2556:Traditions
2413:, and the
2288:epaulettes
2127:epaulettes
2112:red berets
2015:Infantry (
1681:Yugoslavia
1659:Madagascar
1507:conscripts
1437:army ranks
1194:Napoléon I
1073:Saint-Malo
903:Revolution
462:commanders
436:Commanders
377:Kosovo War
145:Les bigors
3997:in Fréjus
3918:18 August
3867:ignored (
3857:cite book
3847:20 August
2730:AngoulĂŞme
2680:Meyenheim
2574:Bazeilles
2333:Red Beret
2034:units of
2008:include:
1987:bigorneau
1962:marsouins
1950:Nicknames
1910:in Tonkin
1651:Indochina
1354:Bazeilles
1346:Bomarsund
1111:divisions
1093:divisions
1069:Rochefort
1065:Marseille
1008:Rochefort
929:in 1791.
881:la marine
850:Rochefort
838:Dunkerque
561:artillery
455:Paul Gèze
443:commander
195:Bazeilles
3556:See also
2966:RIMaP-NC
2883:Djibouti
2820:Canjuers
2690:Poitiers
2644:Location
2046:infantry
2040:use the
1708:in 2016.
1667:and the
1539:and the
1512:blanches
1190:Impérial
1061:Le Havre
1053:Bordeaux
943:Vaisseau
927:de Ligne
875:and the
842:Le Havre
824:and the
712:Renamed
553:airborne
549:infantry
486:Insignia
404:Mali War
367:Gulf War
153:Motto(s)
4024:Marines
3593:Sources
3543:Units (
3131:7 RPIMa
3117:6 RPIMa
3103:5 RPIMa
3007:Mayotte
2986:Papeete
2982:RIMaP-P
2940:33 RIMa
2922:Cayenne
2879:5 RIAOM
2865:2 RPIMa
2834:11 RAMa
2780:21 RIMa
2748:Le Mans
2720:Castres
2700:Bayonne
2415:1 RPIMa
2398:of the
2385:Général
2361:1 RPIMa
2357:8 RPIMa
2353:3 RPIMa
2349:2 RPIMa
2345:1 RPIMa
2232:(calot)
2167:Gallery
2095:Uniform
2044:of the
2032:cavalry
1912:, 1888.
1867:Gallery
1677:Lebanon
1675:and in
1655:Algeria
1622:Corsica
1605:.) The
1585:in the
1521:cipayes
1290:Admiral
1049:Bayonne
951:«
865:Colbert
858:facings
834:Colbert
619:History
528:
473:Général
466:Général
460:Notable
453:General
441:Current
97:Marines
63:Country
55:present
53:1622 –
3890:
3728:
3720:
3703:
3695:
3646:
3630:CEHD (
3615:
3607:
3272:Anthem
3188:3 RIMa
3036:Guyane
2970:Nouméa
2918:9 RIMa
2896:6 BIMa
2848:Angers
2816:3 RAMa
2798:1 RAMa
2784:Fréjus
2766:Vannes
2762:3 RIMa
2744:2 RIMa
2586:anchor
2570:Fréjus
2550:Legion
2392:Legion
2147:. The
1992:winkle
1975:bigors
1944:(1905)
1815:, the
1657:, and
1589:, the
1473:troops
1077:Toulon
1012:Toulon
938:French
854:Toulon
738:French
708:Origin
631:, and
585:Africa
567:, and
175:
172:
166:Colors
78:Branch
72:France
50:Active
2984:) in
2968:) in
2942:) in
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2898:) in
2881:) in
2836:) in
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2800:) in
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2764:) in
2746:) in
2618:Staff
2372:2 RCP
2324:Sword
2154:calot
2108:beret
1942:Congo
1856:armes
1673:Tchad
1282:fleet
1198:Royal
1168:unit.
1114:1786.
1057:Brest
1004:Brest
846:Brest
718:then
596:Gabon
539:) or
181:March
3945:2012
3920:2020
3888:ISBN
3869:help
3849:2020
3726:ISBN
3718:ISBN
3701:ISBN
3693:ISBN
3644:ISBN
3613:ISBN
3605:ISBN
2663:The
2280:kepi
2131:sash
2123:kepi
2116:kepi
2002:The
1847:The
1631:The
1626:Elba
1531:and
1498:The
1359:The
1075:and
932:The
867:and
852:and
810:and
665:The
608:Mali
525:lit.
515:The
125:Size
103:Role
93:Type
3724:or
3699:or
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