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In 1996 France and the United
Kingdom signed and ratified the three protocols. The United States signed them the same year but has not ratified them. China signed and ratified protocols 2 and 3 in 1987. Russia has also ratified protocols 2 and 3 with reservations.
1146:
operate regularly out of northern
Australia. When U.S. bombers visit Australia, the U.S. government does not tell the Australian government whether the aircraft are carrying nuclear weapons. In 2023, the
255:(where the capital of the Cook Islands is located) on 6 August 1985, came into force on 11 December 1986 with the 8th ratification, and has since been ratified by all of those states.
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1221:
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and as such of course cannot apply to those who have not signed the treaty or protocols, for example, the four countries not signatories to the
1438:
1264:
409:. Article 2 says "Nothing in this Treaty shall prejudice or in any way affect the rights, or the exercise of the rights, of any State under
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said the
Australian Government "understand and respect the longstanding US policy of neither confirming or denying".
504:
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270:
are not party to the treaties but are eligible to become parties should they decide to join the treaty in the future.
1674:
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1396:
1366:
313:
The treaty's different provisions apply variously to the Zone, to the territories within the Zone, or globally.
1594:
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1609:
1384:
1654:
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1143:
898:
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1614:
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1402:
1624:
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1138:
U.S. bomber aircraft have been visiting
Australia since the early 1980s, and nuclear-capable
1548:
942:
378:
Several islands in the Indian Ocean also belong to
Australia and are therefore part of the zone.
279:
355:
plus three projections north of the
Equator to include the territory and territorial waters of
1543:
1533:
289:
no use against the
Parties to the Treaty, or against territories where Protocol 1 is in force
189:
1310:
1196:"South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone (SPNFZ) Treaty of Rarotonga | Treaties & Regimes | NTI"
1378:
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406:
348:
282:, with the exception of Protocol 1 for China and Russia who have no territory in the Zone.
1171:
8:
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414:
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327:
82:
1265:"Officials can neither 'confirm nor deny' US bombers in Australia carry nuclear weapons"
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1513:
1292:
462:
1322:
1518:
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1113:
1028:
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729:
356:
331:
259:
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1317:
1305:
1245:
783:
386:
382:
236:
155:
1379:
Treaty for the
Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean
1538:
1006:
500:
492:
367:, but minus the northwest corner beyond Australian territorial waters and near
193:
1588:
1050:
480:
185:
36:
23:
278:
There are three protocols to the treaty, which have been signed by the five
567:
421:
305:
204:
104:
286:
no manufacture, stationing or testing in their territories within the Zone
63:
675:
220:
1151:
448:
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1020:
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956:
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368:
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200:
100:
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402:
364:
212:
1426:
1094:
864:
496:
438:
398:
321:
248:
1086:
1064:
1042:
837:
394:
244:
1172:"South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Rarotonga)"
1133:
810:
756:
648:
360:
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232:
216:
1139:
702:
594:
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208:
875:
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848:
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686:
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659:
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578:
573:
551:
546:
316:"South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone" means the area :
1352:
1252:. UNODA – United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs.
128:
1246:"Disarmament Treaties Database: Treaty of Rarotonga"
16:
Treaty against nuclear weapons in the South
Pacific
1373:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
720:
431:
774:
273:
1586:
1665:Treaties establishing nuclear-weapon-free zones
1445:Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty
1415:South Pacific Nuclear Weapons Free Zone Treaty
558:
199:It was signed by the South Pacific nations of
1338:
666:
72: Signed and ratified Treaty of Rarotonga
1488:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
1134:Carrying of nuclear weapons within the zone
1011:
989:
969:
947:
925:
903:
531:
1345:
1331:
612:
62:
1439:United States – Russia mutual detargeting
855:
300:
1421:Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
1077:
1055:
1033:
828:
471:Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone
445:, the only state straddling the Equator.
373:Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone
351:Latin American Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone)
304:
127:
1509:Timeline of nuclear weapons development
1458:African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty
801:
747:
639:
485:Latin American Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone
1587:
1476:Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone
1262:
693:
585:
178:South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty
57:South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty
1470:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
1451:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
1326:
505:United States Minor Outlying Islands
401:beneath, the land territory and the
1680:Treaties entered into force in 1986
1353:Nuclear weapons limitation treaties
1311:Map of the Zone area (poor quality)
1263:Greene, Andrew (15 February 2023).
420:The Treaty is an agreement between
13:
1409:Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty
986:Heard Island and McDonald Islands
14:
1706:
1286:
1202:. Nuclear Threat Initiative | NTI
1568:
1567:
1119:
1100:
1079:
1057:
1035:
1013:
991:
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857:
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776:
749:
722:
695:
668:
641:
614:
587:
560:
533:
437:The only territory north of the
405:above them. It does not include
196:within the borders of the zone.
1635:Treaties of the Solomon Islands
1397:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
1367:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
451:is outside the Zone except for
441:that is part of the Zone is in
432:List of parties and territories
1695:Pacific Islands Forum treaties
1573:Category:Arms control treaties
1256:
1238:
1214:
1188:
1164:
479:is inside the Zone except for
461:is inside the Zone except for
428:, who are all nuclear powers.
309:High seas highlighted in blue.
274:Protocols binding other states
264:Federated States of Micronesia
1:
1660:New Zealand–Pacific relations
1385:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
1157:
1630:Treaties of Papua New Guinea
1600:Treaties of the Cook Islands
7:
1149:Australian Foreign Minister
899:Ashmore and Cartier Islands
330:(the northern limit of the
188:. The treaty bans the use,
176:is the common name for the
10:
1711:
1685:Nuclear weapons governance
1670:Treaties concluded in 1985
1504:History of nuclear weapons
1403:Seabed Arms Control Treaty
347:(the western limit of the
292:no testing within the Zone
1562:
1496:
1391:Threshold Test Ban Treaty
1358:
138:Nuclear-weapon-free zones
118:
110:
96:
88:
78:
61:
56:
1675:1985 in the Cook Islands
1529:Nuclear weapons delivery
503:and several uninhabited
426:Non-Proliferation Treaty
182:nuclear-weapon-free zone
161:
152:
143:
134:
37:21.228556°S 159.776528°W
1620:Treaties of New Zealand
1549:Nuclear weapons testing
943:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
499:in Micronesia, Hawaii,
280:declared nuclear states
42:-21.228556; -159.776528
310:
301:Scope of applicability
169:
1595:Treaties of Australia
1544:Nuclear proliferation
1534:Nuclear weapon design
308:
180:, which formalises a
131:
1610:Treaties of Kiribati
1304:4 March 2016 at the
407:international waters
349:Treaty of Tlatelolco
192:, and possession of
1655:Treaties of Vanuatu
1524:Nuclear disarmament
1316:27 May 2010 at the
1299:Ratification status
489:Polynesian outliers
469:), which is in the
415:freedom of the seas
391:archipelagic waters
345:115th meridian west
339:115th meridian east
328:60th parallel south
174:Treaty of Rarotonga
83:Nuclear disarmament
53:
52:Treaty of Rarotonga
33: /
1645:Treaties of Tuvalu
1514:Nuclear deterrence
1293:Text of the treaty
1250:disarmament.un.org
483:, which is in the
463:Western New Guinea
381:"Territory" means
311:
170:
51:
1650:Treaties of Samoa
1640:Treaties of Tonga
1615:Treaties of Nauru
1582:
1581:
1519:Nuclear arms race
1131:
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1073:Wallis and Futuna
965:Coral Sea Islands
881:
880:
411:international law
251:on the island of
126:
125:
1702:
1625:Treaties of Niue
1605:Treaties of Fiji
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1234:on 4 March 2016.
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332:Antarctic Treaty
260:Marshall Islands
229:Papua New Guinea
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114:11 December 1986
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1306:Wayback Machine
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784:Solomon Islands
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413:with regard to
387:territorial sea
383:internal waters
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237:Solomon Islands
194:nuclear weapons
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156:Nuclear sharing
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28:159°46′35.5″W
1566:
1414:
1272:. Retrieved
1268:
1258:
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1240:
1229:the original
1216:
1204:. Retrieved
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1178:. Retrieved
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343:west of the
337:east of the
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25:21°13′42.8″S
18:
1274:16 February
1200:www.nti.org
1180:26 December
1107:New Zealand
871:16 Sep 1995
849:16 Jan 1986
822:18 Dec 2000
795:27 Jan 1989
790:29 May 1987
768:20 Oct 1986
741:15 Sep 1989
736:16 Sep 1985
714:12 May 1986
687:13 Nov 1986
676:New Zealand
660:13 May 1987
655:17 Jul 1986
633:28 Oct 1985
579:28 Oct 1985
552:11 Dec 1986
465:(a part of
221:New Zealand
40: /
1589:Categories
1206:5 November
1158:References
1152:Penny Wong
876:9 Feb 1996
844:6 Sep 1985
817:2 Jul 1996
763:6 Sep 1985
709:6 Sep 1985
682:6 Sep 1985
628:6 Sep 1985
606:4 Oct 1985
601:6 Sep 1985
574:6 Sep 1985
547:6 Sep 1985
449:Micronesia
1690:Rarotonga
1482:New START
1464:START III
1021:Australia
999:Australia
979:Australia
957:Australia
935:Australia
913:Australia
887:Territory
541:Australia
525:Deposited
477:Polynesia
467:Indonesia
459:Melanesia
371:(and the
369:Indonesia
253:Rarotonga
201:Australia
147:NW states
111:Effective
101:Rarotonga
1433:START II
1359:Treaties
1314:Archived
1302:Archived
1269:ABC News
622:Kiribati
453:Kiribati
443:Kiribati
403:airspace
365:Kiribati
213:Kiribati
97:Location
1497:Related
1427:START I
1095:Tokelau
865:Vanuatu
497:Nukuoro
439:Equator
399:subsoil
322:Equator
249:Vanuatu
190:testing
184:in the
119:Parties
1395:1970s
1087:France
1084:
1065:France
1062:
1043:France
1040:
1018:
996:
976:
954:
932:
910:
862:
838:Tuvalu
835:
808:
781:
754:
727:
700:
673:
646:
619:
592:
565:
538:
520:Signed
487:, the
395:seabed
393:, the
363:, and
266:, and
262:, the
247:, and
245:Tuvalu
203:, the
163:
154:
145:
136:
89:Signed
70:
1486:2017
1480:2010
1474:2009
1468:2002
1462:1997
1456:1996
1449:1996
1443:1995
1437:1994
1431:1993
1425:1991
1419:1987
1413:1985
1407:1976
1401:1971
1389:1974
1383:1972
1377:1969
1371:1968
1365:1963
1295:– FAS
1232:(PDF)
1225:(PDF)
1175:(PDF)
1140:B-52s
892:State
811:Tonga
757:Samoa
649:Nauru
515:State
361:Nauru
334:zone)
268:Palau
241:Tonga
233:Samoa
217:Nauru
1276:2023
1208:2016
1182:2012
1144:B-2s
1142:and
703:Niue
595:Fiji
495:and
397:and
389:and
258:The
225:Niue
209:Fiji
172:The
167:only
79:Type
491:of
417:."
375:).
165:NPT
1591::
1267:.
1248:.
1198:.
385:,
359:,
243:,
239:,
235:,
231:,
227:,
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211:,
207:,
122:13
103:,
1346:e
1339:t
1332:v
1278:.
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507:.
473:.
455:.
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