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Christian responded with an amphibious campaign in 1628, using his fleet to make landfalls along the occupied coastlines, and destroying the naval facilities in Ålborg, Wismar, and
Greifswald. Wallenstein, who had nevertheless managed to build thirteen vessels in
517:
The treaty was concluded by
Wallenstein and Christian on 22 May 1629, and ratified by Ferdinand on 7 June. The Catholic League was formally added as a party. The treaty restored to Christian his pre-war possessions, and obliged him to cede his claims to
437:
for negotiations in
January 1629. The emperor had Wallenstein negotiate for him, and Christian had sent entrusted delegates whom he had selected bypassing his rigsraadet. Initially, both sides proposed diametrical peace terms:
579:
Ferdinand had hoped for more favourable terms, and was surprised and disappointed of what
Wallenstein had negotiated. While he had arranged for imposing his war costs on Christian, this was no longer an option.
587:, issued by Ferdinand already during the negotiations. It aimed at a re-Catholization of northern Germany, and the restitution of former ecclesial possessions that had been secularized during the
576:
The treaty further divided
Christian and the Rigsraadet, for Christian argued that if the latter had been in charge, it would have accepted the initial imperial territorial and financial demands.
425:
accepted the proposal as a basis for negotiations, this was rejected by
Christian. While the Catholic League pressed the emperor to continue the war, and Christian was urged likewise by
1142:
529:
Tilly had not succeeded in implementing a compensation of the imperial war costs on
Christian. Also not included in the treaty's text was that Christian stop supporting
364:. After this battle, the final one in the Kejserkrigen, Christian was ready to negotiate—and so was Wallenstein, whom the Scandinavian alliance seriously threatened.
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Both
Christian and Wallenstein were aware that neither of them would be able to get all their demands through, thus they resorted to secret negotiations in
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1226:
1232:
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was formally included as a party. It restored to
Denmark–Norway its pre-war territory at the cost of final disengagement from imperial affairs.
491:
1083:
549:'s status, subsequently reduced from that of a major European power to a politically insignificant state. The new Nordic power would be
1307:
297:
Wallenstein and Tilly subsequently gained central and northern
Germany, joined their forces during the summer of 1627, invaded Danish
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1276:
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Christian IV's position was somewhat strengthened by his military successes in 1628, but more so by Wallenstein's fear of a Danish-
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360:. In August, an attempt to secure another bridgehead on the southern Baltic shore failed with Christian's defeat in the
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alliance. Bagging that fear, Christian personally met with Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in February 1629, at
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Die Ritterschaft als politische Korporation in den Herzogtümern Schleswig und Holstein von 1460 bis 1721
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Denmark in January 1628, and was preparing to construct a navy of his own at the occupied ports of
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issue guarantees to the Lower Saxon states concerning their religious and political freedom.
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compensate the states of the Lower Saxon Circle for their losses during the occupation,
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294:, but that campaign failed in 1627, and Mansfeld deserted and later died of plague.
254:), which had begun in 1625. Initial success was with the Danish armies, commanded by
161:
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610:
523:
247:
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36:
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26:
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In September 1627, Tilly and Wallenstein had drafted a peace proposal for the
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570:
499:
414:
583:
Deprived of Danish-Norwegian protection, the North German states faced the
52:
35:(12/22 May) is due to different calendars used then: 12 May is in the
1098:
526:
states, and to not interfere with further imperial affairs in the future.
1063:
494:. Gustavus Adolphus proposed a joint invasion of the empire, either from
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32:
566:
39:(used by the Protestant parties at the time), and 22 May is in the
422:
337:
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553:, who was to turn the tide of the Thirty Years' War after its forces
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215:
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306:
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Denmark, 1513-1660: the rise and decline of a Renaissance monarchy
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388:
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302:
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345:
329:
214:(Low Saxon or Emperor's War, Kejserkrigen). It was signed in
458:
compensate the emperor for his expenses in the Kejserkrigen,
358:
Stralsund in her successful resistance against Wallenstein
996:
Das Reich im Kampf um die Hegemonie in Europa 1521-1648
1036:(in German) (2 ed.). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
406:
from the imperial occupation forces for two million
522:bishoprics, to discontinue his alliances with the
246:referred to as the Lower Saxon or Emperor's War (
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442:Conditions for a peace proposed in January 1629
417:or Holstein to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
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309:. While Christian IV's control of the western
16:1629 peace treaty during the Thirty Years' War
1084:
998:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
883:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
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461:cede Jutland and his duchies in the empire,
43:(used by the Catholic parties at the time).
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242:The treaty of Lübeck ended a stage of the
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921:(in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
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565:provinces, and Norway lost the provinces
464:not interfere with the empire ever again.
1015:Kriege und Krisen: Deutschland 1600-1715
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1059:Encarta Encyclopedia: Thirty Years' War
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301:in September, and advanced through the
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545:The treaty marked a turning point in
278:, turned the tide in the battles of
262:. Then, in 1626, their opponents, a
1338:Denmark–Holy Roman Empire relations
1064:MacroHistory: The Thirty Years' War
398:buy out his provinces of Holstein,
13:
902:(in German). Kiel: Verlag Ludwig.
881:Maximilian I. von Bayern 1573–1651
14:
1364:
1308:Treaties of the Holy Roman Empire
1052:
286:. Mansfeld moved his army toward
1348:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
535:Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria
433:, both sent their emissaries to
272:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
268:Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
228:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
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125:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
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25:
936:Lockhart, Paul Douglas (2007).
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384:surrender all imperial offices,
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224:Christian IV of Denmark-Norway
1:
1353:Frederick V of the Palatinate
1333:1629 in the Holy Roman Empire
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531:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
356:in April, and both supported
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654:Lockhart (2007), pp. 167–168
7:
1032:Schormann, Gerhard (1985).
967:Oakley, Stewart P. (1992).
594:
555:landed in Pomerania in 1630
354:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
31:Cover of a print-copy. The
10:
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1328:Treaties of Denmark–Norway
1298:Thirty Years' War treaties
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453:
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1108:
1034:Der Dreissigjährige Krieg
879:Albrecht, Dieter (1998).
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170:
133:
86:
76:
68:
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24:
1343:Albrecht von Wallenstein
778:Oakley (1992), pp. 64–65
450:Danish delegates' terms
276:Albrecht von Wallenstein
220:Albrecht von Wallenstein
101:Albrecht von Wallenstein
1017:(in German). C.H.Beck.
994:Kohler, Alfred (1990).
917:Heckel, Martin (1983).
853:Lockhart (2007), p. 172
818:Albrecht (1998), p. 691
802:Albrecht (1998), p. 672
760:Lockhart (2007), p. 170
710:Lockhart (2007), p. 169
696:Fuhrmann (2002), p. 377
680:Schormann (1985), p. 40
666:Lockhart (2007), p. 168
633:Lockhart (2007), p. 166
340:starting in late 1627.
256:Christian IV of Denmark
113:Christian IV of Denmark
1013:Press, Volker (1991).
898:Fuhrmann, Kai (2002).
589:Protestant Reformation
251:
203:
195:
72:22 May and 7 June 1629
865:Heckel (1983), p. 144
841:Heckel (1983), p. 143
832:Kohler (1990), p. 37
790:Oakley (1992), p. 65
769:Press (1991), p. 213
722:Oakley (1992), p. 64
645:Oakley (1992), p. 62
585:Edict of Restitution
447:Wallenstein's terms
350:Philipp von Mansfeld
319:Duchy of Mecklenburg
305:peninsula as far as
284:Lutter am Barenberge
210:intervention in the
469:Ferdinand II is to
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226:, and on 7 June by
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601:History of Denmark
441:
393:Lower Saxon Circle
378:Holy Roman Emperor
266:army commanded by
260:Ernst von Mansfeld
218:on 22 May 1629 by
41:Gregorian calendar
19:
1303:History of Lübeck
1285:
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1101:Thirty Years' War
953:978-0-19-927121-4
944:Oxford University
606:History of Norway
533:, as demanded by
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421:While the Danish
362:Battle of Wolgast
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368:Negotiations
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315:Danish isles
296:
252:Kejserkrigen
241:
206:) ended the
187:
183:
181:
53:Peace treaty
1103:(1618–1648)
520:Lower Saxon
431:Netherlands
408:Reichstaler
87:Signatories
33:double date
1292:Categories
1263:Westphalia
1143:Königsberg
1125:Nikolsburg
986:2009-08-07
959:2009-08-07
622:References
571:Härjedalen
500:Glückstadt
423:rigsraadet
415:Glückstadt
389:bishoprics
338:Greifswald
311:Baltic Sea
238:Background
1277:Campaigns
1251:Eulenberg
1239:Brömsebro
1197:Compiègne
1191:Ebersdorf
1185:Heilbronn
1149:Franzburg
1137:Pressburg
1131:The Hague
496:Stralsund
400:Schleswig
322:vis-a-vis
1173:Bärwalde
595:See also
567:Jämtland
563:Kattegat
498:or from
492:Ulvsbäck
429:and the
376:and the
313:and the
307:Limfjord
299:Holstein
171:Language
77:Location
1227:Dorsten
1221:Hamburg
1167:Stettin
946:Press.
617:Sources
507:Güstrow
488:Swedish
427:England
404:Jutland
391:in the
334:Rostock
303:Jutland
292:Hungary
288:Silesia
134:Parties
59:Context
1265:(1648)
1259:(1647)
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1229:(1639)
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230:. The
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200:German
192:Danish
184:Treaty
175:German
159:
146:
81:Lübeck
69:Signed
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410:each,
1245:Linz
1038:ISBN
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1000:ISBN
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885:ISBN
569:and
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282:and
258:and
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