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whose opening verse translates as "Lord keep us steadfast in thy Word, Curb Pope and Turk who by the sword, would wrest the kingdom from thy Son, and set at naught all he hath done." The children were slain without mercy, but whether by order from Tilly or not remains debated in some quarters. Tilly
1006:
Many historians consider it unlikely that Tilly ordered the city to be torched. Magdeburg was a strategically vital city of the Elbe and was needed as a resupply center for the looming fight against the Swedes. Although extremely opposed to the
Reformation movement, Tilly was an experienced commander
994:
to the Swedes, Pappenheim finally convinced Tilly, who had brought reinforcements, to storm the city on 20 May with 40,000 men under the personal command of
Pappenheim. The assault was successful and the walls were breached, but the commanders supposedly lost control of their soldiers. A massacre of
928:
on 26–27 August 1626, in which his highly disciplined infantry charged the enemy lines four times, breaking through. This led him to win decisively, destroying more than half the fleeing Danish army, which was uncharacteristic of the warfare of the time. Denmark was forced to sue for peace at the
1011:. However, the city's mayor rejected the offer, expecting a Swedish relief force to arrive soon. When the slaughter began, and no escape was possible, the children of the city were formed in procession and marched across the marketplace singing Luther's hymn
727:
on 8 November 1620. Half of the enemy forces were killed or captured, while the
Catholic League lost only 700 men. This victory was vital in crushing resistance to the Emperor in Bohemia, as it allowed Prague to be captured several days later.
1264:, Munich 1938). An examination of the skeleton during a Tilly exhibition in Altötting in 2007 confirmed the arquebus wounding. The ultimately deadly 90-gram bullet had been laid in the coffin with the corpse, but was apparently lost during the
1043:. In the battle he was outmaneuvered by King Gustavus Adolphus and suffered 27,000 casualties. The Swedes’ maneuvering and accurate, rapid artillery fire caused his troops to break and flee. He withdrew, and political rivalries prevented
897:, where 13,000 out of his army of 15,000 were lost, including fifty of his high-ranking officers. Together with the complete surrender of Bohemia in 1623, this ended virtually all resistance in Germany. This caused King
1256:", by which he means a culverin, caused the injury. However, in a letter dated 15 April 1632, Elector Maximilian I correctly stated that Tilly had his thigh "shot into two pieces with an arquebus." (Albert Beierlein:
995:
the populace ensued in which roughly 20,000 of the 25,000 inhabitants of the city perished by sword and the fire which destroyed most of the city, then one of the largest cities in
Germany and about the size of
1007:
and would have recognized the strategic importance of the city. Additionally, he sent a proposal of surrender to
Magdeburg days before the final assault, after the capture of the Toll
1361:
1399:
1272:, Altötting 2007 (publication accompanying the exhibition by the Historical Association Alt-Tilly and the Bavarian Army Museum in Altötting, 1 May to 30 July 2007) page 38;
1419:
1111:. A sister or daughter, Albertina, of this Prince Antonio Octavio, would be the first root for the Spanish ducal title, Dukes of Tserclaes, bestowed in July 1856 by Queen
850:– not to be confused with the famous Spanish general of the same name from the Italian Wars in Italy at the end of the 15th century – and was victorious at the
1022:
Never was such a victory since the storming of Troy or of
Jerusalem. I am sorry that you and the ladies of the court were not there to enjoy the spectacle.
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famously says "I don't care if this funeral is a historical event, to me the mutilation of my daughter's face is a historical event."
792:
77:
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on 30 May 1626, whereupon local and refugee
Protestant ministers were thrown into the river Werra, but could not lay a siege to
1107:(1648-1723). Antonio was a general and nobleman in service of Spain, while his younger brother Claude fought in service of the
774:
711:. A force of 25,000 soldiers, including troops of both the Catholic League and the Emperor scored an important victory against
59:
1389:
987:
1234:
Samuel
Gardiner; Charles Horne (1919). "The "Defeenestration" at Prague, The Thirty Years War". In Johnson, Rossiter (ed.).
444:
504:. From 1620 to 1631, he won an unmatched and demoralizing string of important victories against the Protestants, including
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1252:(1632), the Jesuit priest Jakob Balde incorrectly reported that a "one-pound cannon ball from a Swedish gun, a so-called
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in command while he campaigned elsewhere. After two months of laying siege, and after the fall of
975:, trying to make alliances with the leaders of Northern Germany, Tilly laid siege to the city of
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8:
1276:, page 96; commentary on Fig. 59 (photograph of the skeleton's shattered thigh) page 173.
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involvement in 1630 under their redoubtable leader, the brilliant King and field general
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885:) for this victory. These three battles in two months allowed him to capture the city of
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in only five years. When the
Turkish War ended in 1606, he remained in the service of
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1048:
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Der du gelehrt hast meine Hände den Krieg: Tilly – Heiliger oder
Kriegsverbrecher?
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Tilly is depicted in First Breitenfeld and in the Battle of Rain in the novel
418:
1373:
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496: ; February 1559 – 30 April 1632) was a field marshal who commanded the
689:
As commander of the forces of the Catholic League, Tilly fought against the
1157:
1060:
1056:
1051:
on 9 March 1632. While attempting to prevent the Swedes from crossing into
1047:
from coming to his aid, so he turned to defence. He defeated the Swedes at
618:
1084:
207:
571:
1031:
Following Magdeburg, Tilly engaged the army of Gustavus Adolphus at the
1080:
886:
766: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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559:
438:
188:
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26:
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548:
433:
1268:. Cf. Marcus Junkelmann, Historical Association Alt-Tilly, et al.
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The siege began on 20 March 1631, and Tilly put his subordinate
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on 27 April 1622. He then joined with the Spanish general Duke
724:
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in his campaign against the rebellious Dutch forces during the
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427:
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on 6 May; this victory occurred after the enemies’ ammunition
1236:
The Great Events by Famous Historians, vol XI, A.D. 1609-1660
933:. This disrupted the balance of power in Europe resulting in
874:
220:
1233:
1149:
Tilly and the sack of Magdeburg are mentioned in the novel
1075:
cannon ball), which shattered his right thigh, and died of
980:
697:, by which time he had trained his soldiers in the Spanish
1221:
Die Märtyrer der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche, Volume 1
909:, and also in a bid to make himself the primary leader of
578:’s forces during the first half of the Thirty Years' War.
1026:
1219:
C. L. Herm Fick (1854). "Die Magdeburger Schulkinder".
1178:
1176:
16:
Catholic marshal of the Thirty Years' War (1559–1632)
1258:
Die Schlacht bei Rain am Lech 14. und 15. April 1632
1209:
Willigerod, Geschichte von Münden (Göttingen, 1808).
1115:
to members of the Pérez de Guzmán family, living in
562:
on 30 April 1632, at the age of 73. Along with Duke
1400:
South Netherlandish people of the Thirty Years' War
1193:
1191:
1173:
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1083:at the age of 73 on 30 April 1632. His tomb is in
558:on 15 April 1632, and he died two weeks later in
1420:Imperial Army personnel of the Thirty Years' War
1371:
1188:
889:following an eleven-week siege on 19 September.
535:However, Tilly's army was eventually crushed at
1218:
657:in 1600, and through rapid promotion became a
586:Johann Tserclaes was born on February 1559 in
1142:: in the scene in which his funeral is held,
1039:, which he had reached after laying waste to
1322:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1018:afterwards reportedly wrote to the Emperor,
838:Next, Tilly turned west and marched through
574:, he was one of two chief commanders of the
1071:bullet (not, as erroneously reported, by a
967:While Gustavus Adolphus landed his army in
448:Statue of Tilly in the hall of fame of the
1105:Claude Frédéric t'Serclaes, Count of Tilly
137:
1313:"Tilly, Johann Tzerclaes, Count of"
1293:"Johannes Tserclæs, Count of Tilly"
826:Learn how and when to remove this message
386:
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1306:
1182:
1126:
945:for the previous ten years in wars with
669:until he was appointed commander of the
454:
443:
432:
417:
1425:Field marshals of the Holy Roman Empire
1079:(bone infection) fifteen days later in
1035:on 17 September 1631, near the city of
621:at the age of fifteen and fought under
530:sacked the Protestant city of Magdeburg
1372:
1274:Bericht des Jesuitenpaters Jakob Balde
1262:Schlachtfelder zwischen Alpen und Main
941:, who had been trying to dominate the
731:
684:
403:
1289:
1203:
1197:
1027:Campaign against the Swedes and death
988:Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim
866:was hit by cannon fire and exploded.
1430:Infectious disease deaths in Germany
1302:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
983:, which promised to support Sweden.
956:
913:. Count Tilly besieged and captured
764:adding citations to reliable sources
735:
422:Bronze statue of Count Tilly in the
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
13:
1334:German-Page >Battle of Wiesloch
1238:. The National Alumni. p. 72.
1101:Antonio Octavio Tserclaes de Tilly
891:Christian the Younger of Brunswick
775:"Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly"
633:in 1585. After this he joined the
629:, participating in the successful
450:Museum of Military History, Vienna
60:"Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly"
14:
1441:
1327:
1014:Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort
271:Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire)
1395:People from the Duchy of Brabant
1296:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
740:
623:Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma
524:. He destroyed a Danish army at
486:Johann t'Serclaes Graf von Tilly
478:Johan t'Serclaes Graaf van Tilly
470:Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
242:
230:
219:
25:
1139:Mother Courage and Her Children
869:He was successful again at the
751:needs additional citations for
36:needs additional citations for
1260:, page 50 in Reichenau (ed.):
1242:
1227:
1212:
1099:Fraternal descendants include
1094:
1063:, he was wounded early in the
924:Tilly fought the Danes at the
581:
1:
1283:
679:Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria
1390:People from Villers-la-Ville
848:Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
460:Portrait of Johann Tserclaes
7:
939:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
707:supported by deep ranks of
10:
1446:
1109:army of the Dutch Republic
960:
873:on 20 June and was made a
842:, but was defeated at the
609:family. After receiving a
547:. A bullet from a Swedish
522:Conquest of the Palatinate
1358:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1067:on 15 April by a 90-gram
860:Margrave of Baden-Durlach
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143:Count Tilly on a portrait
136:
125:
1250:Magnus Tillius Redivivus
1166:
721:Battle of White Mountain
695:Defenestration of Prague
637:'s campaign against the
564:Albrecht von Wallenstein
494:Jean t'Serclaes de Tilly
332:Battle of White Mountain
267:Catholic League (German)
1319:Encyclopædia Britannica
899:Christian IV of Denmark
703:system, which featured
186:30 April 1632 (aged 73)
1290:Spahn, Martin (1913).
1151:The Hangman's Daughter
1132:Tilly is mentioned in
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493:
485:
477:
466:
464:Nicolaas van der Horst
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430:
1299:Catholic Encyclopedia
1127:Fictional appearances
1033:Battle of Breitenfeld
1020:
992:Frankfurt an der Oder
949:, then a continental
844:Battle of Mingolsheim
693:rebels following the
458:
447:
436:
421:
382:Battle of Breitenfeld
337:Battle of Mingolsheim
277:Years of service
1113:Isabella II of Spain
760:improve this article
290:Generalfeldmarschall
45:improve this article
1342:Titles of nobility
905:in 1625 to protect
895:Battle of Stadtlohn
732:Campaign in Germany
713:Christian of Anhalt
685:Campaign in Bohemia
596:Spanish Netherlands
437:Statue of Tilly in
362:Battle of Stadtlohn
357:Capture of Mannheim
352:Siege of Heidelberg
173:Spanish Netherlands
467:
453:
442:
431:
426:on Odeonsplatz in
1368:
1367:
1359:Succeeded by
963:Sack of Magdeburg
957:Sack of Magdeburg
903:Thirty Years' War
852:Battle of Wimpfen
836:
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635:Holy Roman Empire
627:Eighty Years' War
598:, in what is now
576:Holy Roman Empire
545:Gustavus Adolphus
502:Thirty Years' War
500:'s forces in the
416:
415:
394:Battle of Bamberg
372:Sack of Magdeburg
342:Battle of Wimpfen
326:Thirty Years' War
305:Eighty Years' War
238:Holy Roman Empire
197:Holy Roman Empire
193:Electoral Bavaria
177:Holy Roman Empire
153:The Monk in Armor
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1415:Spanish generals
1410:Flemish nobility
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931:Treaty of LĂĽbeck
926:Battle of Lutter
871:Battle of Höchst
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719:at the decisive
655:Long Turkish War
631:Siege of Antwerp
617:, he joined the
602:, to a devoutly
552:mortally wounded
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1310:, ed. (1911).
1308:Chisholm, Hugh
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56:Find sources:
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34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1356:1622 - 1632
1352:
1347:
1317:
1297:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:In his work
1244:
1235:
1229:
1220:
1214:
1205:
1158:
1150:
1137:
1098:
1061:Rain am Lech
1030:
1021:
1012:
1005:
985:
966:
923:
878:
868:
837:
822:
813:
803:
796:
789:
782:
770:
758:Please help
753:verification
750:
698:
688:
647:Transylvania
619:Spanish Army
588:Castle Tilly
585:
534:
469:
468:
459:
324:
317:
303:
297:Battles/wars
288:
265:Army of the
165:Castle Tilly
152:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1385:1632 deaths
1380:1559 births
1095:Descendants
1045:Wallenstein
971:and was in
969:Mecklenburg
717:Count Thurn
653:during the
582:Early years
572:Mecklenburg
554:him at the
537:Breitenfeld
149:Nickname(s)
1405:T'Serclaes
1374:Categories
1284:References
1198:Spahn 1913
1081:Ingolstadt
887:Heidelberg
816:April 2017
786:newspapers
705:musketeers
673:forces by
607:Brabantine
560:Ingolstadt
215:Allegiance
189:Ingolstadt
101:March 2012
71:newspapers
1348:New title
1123:, Spain.
1085:Altötting
1055:over the
977:Magdeburg
953:of note.
681:in 1610.
663:Rudolf II
651:mercenary
594:, in the
568:Friedland
518:Stadtlohn
439:Altötting
280:1574–1632
208:Altötting
1073:culverin
1069:arquebus
854:against
723:west of
691:Bohemian
645:and the
604:Catholic
549:arquebus
520:and the
256:Service/
1121:Seville
1053:Bavaria
1049:Bamberg
1037:Leipzig
1009:redoubt
1001:Hamburg
997:Cologne
979:on the
935:Swedish
864:tumbril
840:Germany
800:scholar
709:pikemen
675:Bavaria
643:Hungary
615:Cologne
600:Belgium
541:Swedish
510:Wimpfen
401: (
384: (
250:Bavaria
85:scholar
1254:Falken
1041:Saxony
973:Berlin
947:Poland
943:Baltic
919:Kassel
915:MĂĽnden
883:German
802:
795:
788:
781:
773:
725:Prague
700:Tercio
677:under
667:Prague
611:Jesuit
526:Lutter
514:Höchst
490:French
482:German
462:after
428:Munich
258:branch
247:
235:
203:Buried
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1167:Notes
1117:Jerez
1059:near
951:power
875:count
807:JSTOR
793:books
649:as a
474:Dutch
226:Spain
92:JSTOR
78:books
1159:1632
1119:and
1057:Lech
981:Elbe
879:Graf
779:news
715:and
570:and
528:and
285:Rank
183:Died
159:Born
64:news
1136:'s
999:or
921:.
881:in
762:by
665:in
641:in
566:of
404:DOW
387:WIA
47:by
1376::
1316:.
1190:^
1175:^
1091:.
1087:,
1003:.
858:,
590:,
516:,
512:,
508:,
492::
488:;
484::
480:;
476::
195:,
191:,
175:,
171:,
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1200:.
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877:(
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814:(
804:·
797:·
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89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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