Tram types in Adelaide

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Australia appointed a select committee to investigate the MTT following a forecast that in June 1952, for the first time since its inception, the trust would be unable to meet its financial obligations without assistance. in February 1952 the committee issued its interim findings criticising many of the operations of the trust, including a failure to plan for the future. Eleven months later, in the same month that the H1 car was introduced, the MTT board, which since 1907 had comprised mainly municipal council appointees, was reconstituted with a new board of state government appointees. The board initiated a complete re-examination of the transport system, and plans were made to replace all the existing tramways, including the

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owned by 11 companies, their designs were similar: extremely lightweight in construction and with minimal springing. However, even at an average speed of 8 kilometres per hour (5 miles per hour) they were a vast improvement on the speed and comfort of horse-drawn street carriages. Their light weight was reflected in horse trams that ran to Henley Beach not being fitted with an upper-deck canvas awning for fear that a sea breeze would blow the tram over, and by the practice followed when horse trams met while travelling in opposite directions on single track: the one with the fewer passengers, derailed by able-bodied males, was pulled out of the way to allow the other car to pass.

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on the street tramway routes to Henley North, Kensington Gardens and Cheltenham. Air-powered double doors and bottom steps permitted quick loading at each end. From the entry vestibule, a step up led to a saloon with reversible leather seats, with a mid-car, full-height partition, originally to separate smokers and non-smokers. Their capabilities included multiple-unit operation (up to three cars but limited to two after a major accident in 1937), automatic acceleration and remote electro-pneumatic control, interconnected by the electrical and compressed-air connections on automatic

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occupied the centre (smoking) section of "dropcentre" cars, while women and children occupied the end saloons. Even married couples invariably split up after boarding the car. Father always purchased the tickets from the conductor as he passed through the centre of the car. When the conductor reached the end saloon, Mother would point out, amid much arm waving, which of the male passengers outside was her husband. Inspectors who periodically boarded the cars to check that everyone had tickets consequently had a difficult time.

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wheelbase were said to ride "like a rowboat out to sea". The trams filled a niche demand for economic operation over the lightly patronised Port Adelaide system, carrying only 50 passengers. They incorporated folding doors and steps and several safety features, and used little power, but due to their small wheelbase tended to "ride like a rowboat out to sea". They were the only trams in Adelaide able to be operated by the driver alone, doing away with the need for a conductor. Until the arrival of the

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air and a "klunk" the folding doors would close and the steps fold up against the side of the tram, and with a slight jerk we would be off. The journey would be punctuated by the sound of the push-button buzzers actuated by passengers wishing to alight at the next stop, the blare of the hooter as the tram approached level crossings and the occasional "dugga dugga dugga" sounding mysteriously from beneath the floor as the air compressor cut in to restore air pressure for the brakes and control system.

4347:, no. 381 was essentially a streamlined, all-steel version of the Type H with many constructional features of buses and one pair of doors in the middle of the tram instead of at the end. Although it captured the public's imagination, commonly being known as "the streamliner", it incorporated only marginal improvements over the Type H. It was introduced in January 1953 and for most of its short operational life it ran on the through-routed Kensington and Henley North lines. 1972:

contractors. Rebuilding involved removing six cross-bench seats and their pillars from the centre of the car, then installing a heavily constructed saloon in their place. The trams were essentially the same as the Type A1, but easily distinguishable in having three large windows instead of five small arched ones, and heavy, riveted steel sides. This latter feature led to their nickname, "tanks", after the revolutionary British Army weapons newly deployed in the First World War.

4873: 2480:, recognisable by one pair of wheels being much smaller in diameter (508 mm or 20 inches) than the other (838 mm or 33 inches, the same diameter as on the earlier types). The driving axle, with large wheels, was driven; the other was not. By locating the truck pivot off-centre, more weight rested on the driving axle, providing greater traction. The smaller wheels guided the truck on the rails, bearing a relatively small portion of the weight. 5990:. No payments had ever been required, but it was becoming obvious that they soon would be if the trust did not receive government assistance. The select committee's final report of June 1952 recommended that the state government should take over the trust, that no new tramways should be built, and that the operations of the trust should be examined by a transport expert. The Chicago firm of De Leuw, Cather and Company subsequently acted as consultants. 8457: 8565: 3176: 8385: 1670:. However, only pull-down canvas blinds offered weather protection and they were inadequate for Adelaide's rainy winter months, which are cooler than in southern California. For that reason they were particularly unpopular with both passengers and conductors in inclement weather. Conductors were also exposed to danger in having to collect fares by walking along the often swaying footboards on the outside of the car. 4575: 1251:

compartment somewhat similar to that of a horse tram and a compartment with cross-bench seating at each end, open to the weather. The design was popular in southern California, where the climate is similar to Adelaide's for much of the year. Thus they were officially described as "four-wheeled, drop-ended 'California combination' cars" – the "combination" referring to the two types of accommodation.

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the J.G. Brill Company in Philadelphia, erected there, dismantled and packed, and re-erected in Australia. Prompted by public opposition to work going out of the state, the MTT asked that assembly be in South Australia. Noyes Brothers then negotiated with Adelaide coachbuilders A. Pengelley & Co. to erect the bodies under their supervision at the same tendered price, reported in

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delayed until the 1950s. The design – in effect a steel-bodied, streamlined version of the Type H – was tested by building a prototype that became Type H1 no. 381. It entered service in January 1953, just before a decision to abandon Adelaide's street tramways resulted in cancellation of the rest of the order. Now preserved in operating condition at the

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grey and carnation red livery, and in 1971 two others received the same livery but with a "railway" red roof to overcome the problem of silver roofs soon appearing dirty; the idea was not adopted. All silver trams were returned to their original external and internal livery starting in 1971, when 18 cars were extensively refurbished.

5013:, 24 km (15 mi) north of the centre of Adelaide, has at least one example of every principal tram type to have been in service on a city street system. Most of them are operational, running when rostered along 1.6 km (0.99 mi) of purpose-built track that runs between the museum and a large adventure playground. 281:(MTT) to introduce an electrified system. While the electric lines were being built, the trust operated many of the acquired horse trams but in decreasing numbers, withdrawing horse tram services altogether in July 1914 in the City of Adelaide and, after delays caused by the war, in 1917 on the isolated Port Adelaide system. 2708:

conductor to collect fares from the footboard. The Type E trams had the same passenger load rating as the Type D: 54 seated and 100 standing. The trams were especially popular for taking families to picnics at Burnside and Magill at a charge of 24 shillings ($ A2.20) for the whole group.

4904:. As of 2018, more than 2,500 Citadis trams have been sold to operators in more than 50 cities in 20 countries, conveying 4 million passengers per day. Alstom claims the Citadis's energy cost is one-quarter that of buses and one-tenth of cars. Most Citadis vehicles are made in Alstom's factories in 6042:

Sources: Websites (accessed March 2019) and further confirmation by entities shown. Some publicly accessible trams listed in museums are owned by entities other than the museum. Trams shown as "in storage" and one used as a classroom are generally inaccessible to the public. Privately owned trams not

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The investigation is often wrongly cited as being undertaken by a royal commission. It was undertaken by a select committee, which has few of the powers of a royal commission. Select committees are "established by a House to inquire into a Bill or other particular matter and cease to exist after they

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to enable them to dispose of smaller groups of non-standard cars. Since the O class were unpopular, they were among the first cars to be sold. The MTT purchased them willingly in 1926 since they were very similar to their Type D. With appreciably higher steps than other Adelaide trams, they

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Thus tram 381 became one of a kind; a partly constructed 382 was scrapped. It was withdrawn from revenue service in December 1957 and donated to the Tramway Museum, St Kilda in 1965, where it is operational. It spent only five years in revenue service but has spent 59 years in preservation.

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Deeply grooved anti-climb bumpers, which in a collision engage with their opposite number and lock with it, minimise the chance of another tram's steel frame scything through a wooden-bodied tram. Despite the high speeds of Type H trams on the reserved part of the Glenelg line, they did not have

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of the Adelaide suburb of Edwardstown – a company that had built trams for the street network since 1910 – for £5,000 each. Steel undergear components and electrical equipment were sourced separately from the UK and US; the compensating-beam truck frames were supplied by the Australian agents of the

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Boarding the big red car ... my mother and I would settle into a comfortable leather seat in the non-smoking saloon as the "connie" (conductor) walked through the tram, throwing over pairs of reversible seats with both hands, with a "kalunkada kalunkada kalunkada". Then, with a sharp hiss of escaping

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Of the seventy-car "combination metropolitan bogie cars" ordered from A. Pengelly & Co. in 1910, the first twenty (as Type E) were very similar to the Type D but the open section had only roller blinds to protect passengers from bad weather. Continuous crossbench seats required the

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had to make their way along the external footboards to collect fares while the tram was in motion – a task even more dangerous in cold or rainy weather when the sliding doors had to be opened. In 1934, after conductors had been injured while collecting fares, a centre aisle was cut through the centre

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Seventy such trams were built between 1910 and 1912. Like the earlier trams their wooden bodies were built by a US manufacturer, dismantled before being shipped, and assembled by an Adelaide coachbuilding company. Steel undergear components and electrical equipment were sourced separately from the UK

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In 1917 the MTT responded to longstanding complaints by crews and passengers that Type B "toast rack" trams were unacceptable in wet or cold weather. Seventeen were converted by Duncan & Fraser (although it is possible that one of these was converted by the MTT) into "California combination"

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For the MTT's inaugural order in 1909, Duncan & Fraser built another 30 trams, of a US design different from that of the Type A. They too were four-wheeled cars but they lacked the closed saloon compartment of the Type A. All passengers were accommodated on

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While the last tram was being built, a parliamentary select committee concluded a report into the MTT in June 1952. The South Australian government then replaced the local government councillors comprising most of the MTT board with its government officials and announced its intention to close all of

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Adelaide was an early adopter, in 1878, of horse trams but the last of Australia's capital cities to subsequently move to more efficient technologies. Eleven private companies eventually competed on their own lines that totalled 119 kilometres (74 miles) by 1901. More than 150 trams were built in the

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Immediately before the interim report's release the new general manager, James Neville Keynes, had been obliged to inform the trust's local government council stakeholders that by June 1952 the trust would be unable to meet its financial obligations. The councils viewed this with concern, since they

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Brian Andrews (2014) posited three reasons for the decision: time was of the essence in getting a fully functional electric service going on the line, which did not allow the MTT to develop a design in (for them) an untried technology; experience of the chosen design existed in-house; and Pengelley,

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that opened in October 2007. By 2008 the state government was reported to be considering the unusual step of lengthening the trams, instead of purchasing more, to accommodate increasing passenger numbers. However, an order was placed with Bombardier in September 2008 for an additional four trams for

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vehicles began operation, progressively replacing the Type H trams, by then 77 years old. Bombardier had won the supply tender against one other bidder, receiving an initial order for nine trams in September 2004. The company was able to effect unusually quick delivery from its factory in

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When Adelaide's street tramways were closed in 1958, Type H1 car 381 was the most modern of the MTT fleet. It was the first of a projected order of 40 cars originally planned in 1939. However, the Second World War intervened, and post-war material shortages delayed construction until the 1950s.

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In 2006, a transitional period started in which the cars were progressively withdrawn as new Flexity Classic trams arrived. Most were withdrawn by 2007; the final revenue service on the Glenelg Line was in 2008, by which time the cars were 79 years old. Five of them were retained at Glengowrie depot

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and deep cream livery, with varnished wood interiors and black undergear, as for other Adelaide trams. Between 1952 and 1956 the livery of all Type H cars was changed to silver and carnation red and an Ashbury green interior. In 1959 and 1960, two cars were painted in a short-lived experimental

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In 1986, when operations were transferred from the Angas Street (City) depot to the new Glengowrie depot on the Glenelg line and the overhead wiring was re-engineered (including rigging the wire to "zig-zag"), 11 out of the 21 surviving cars were fitted with pantographs and all 21 had

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The body, 17.170 metres (56 feet 4.0 inches)s) long, had tapered ends and a width slightly less than other trams to allow them to clear corners in streets, such as when going into depots or on suburban street lines: although designed specifically for the Glenelg line, they also saw service

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Half the body was an enclosed saloon, the other half an open area of cross-bench seats. When 20 had been completed, a change was made to the design of the remaining 30: sliding doors were fitted to the open area for protection from inclement weather. The order was increased by a further 20, bringing

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The Type A2 trams operated on the isolated Port Adelaide system until its closure in 1935, after which they were transferred to Hackney workshops. In 1946 the bodies of two were sold to private buyers. The third was kept at Hackney workshops until 1958, when it was made available to the Tramway

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The five retained trams were 351, 352 (previously numbered 367), 370, 374 and 380, which had all received a major rebuild in 2000. Of these, 351 and 352, which had received a further, high-quality, restoration in 2013, were retained for "heritage use" before space was needed in 2017 for new Citadis

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Some cars received liveries different from the two mentioned. In 1979 car 377 was repainted with a black-and-gold livery to celebrate the 50th anniversary of tramway operation on the Glenelg line, which it retained for a few years. Car 380 was also briefly repainted in 1979 into a special livery by

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system, were configured near the centreline of the tram rather than being "zig-zagged" (staggered from one side to the other), which is essential to ensure the wire can "wipe" back and forth along the pantograph to prevent grooves forming. All pantographs in the experiment wore unevenly, so further

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In 2006, following a major upgrade to the Glenelg line, new contemporary trams were progressively delivered and the Bay trams were withdrawn from daily revenue service – the last in 2008. All but five, which ran occasionally on special occasions until 2015, were sold or donated to various entities.

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prevented the construction of new cars, but improvements were made to older cars at the MTT's workshops. The conversion of all Type E trams to Type E1 involved removing the crossbenches and extending the saloon for the entire car length except for one retained cross-bench seat behind the motorman's

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In 1909 twenty of the new bogie combination trams had been built before the design was changed to include sliding side doors to protect passengers from the elements. The doors were not retro-fitted on cars that had just been built. Classified as Type E, the trams retained their completely open

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Local tenders were much higher in price than others and the Trust declined to accept them on commercial grounds. A Melbourne company, Noyes Brothers (Melbourne) Pty Ltd, eventually won the contract for 50 cars (later increased to 70). Their tender stated that the car bodies would be manufactured by

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trams, after a New Zealand racehorse that had won races in Australia at the same time. Their speed combined with the four-wheeled design gave rise to their other nickname, "bouncing billies". They helped the MTT's competition against unlicensed buses in the 1920s, and they were used in peak periods

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as larger trams became available. They were gradually retired in the 1930s, only to come out of storage in 1941 on account of wartime petrol rationing, which boosted patronage. Fifty-eight (and four Type A1 cars) were configured in permanently coupled pairs: although both trams in a pair still

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On 9 March 1909, a balmy South Australian autumn day, many thousands turned out to see a procession of 14 trams going slowly along the thoroughfares of Adelaide and nearby eastern suburbs for the official opening of the city's electric tramway system. The leading cars had a central saloon

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to meet the specific requirements of its own system. Eighty-four of these fast-loading "dropcentre" trams were to become the mainstay of the street network until it was closed in 1958. However, the constraints of the First World War delayed their construction until 1921. As a stopgap to meet demand

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During the 39-year horse-drawn era that started on 10 June 1878, trams were mainly double-decked with an enclosed saloon 12 to 16 feet (3.7 to 4.9 metres) long and an open seated area of the same length above it; and single-decked cars 10 to 12 feet (3.0 to 3.7 metres) long. Although they were

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Since the horse tram companies lacked the capital to upgrade their technology after drought and a long economic depression, the South Australian Government bought the assets of most of them in 1907. It established the Municipal Tramways Trust to rapidly construct an electrified network. Horse trams

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The evolution of public and private transport in Adelaide has closely reflected the economic and social development of South Australia. Growth of the Adelaide conurbation also reflected the development of efficient public transport. Horse-drawn transport characterised the foundation years, but with

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of 170 passengers, two-thirds more than all but one of their predecessor types. They were a highly popular design, providing much more space and comfort than previous MTT trams. Their acceleration and braking was significantly better than their predecessors' on account of a 40-hp traction motor on

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The second component of the MTT's inaugural order of electric trams in 1908 consisted of 30 four-wheeled tramcars which later came to be designated Type B. As with their sister Type A trams, their wooden bodies were built to a popular American design by a US manufacturer, dismantled

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Although at the time the MTT was established air brakes were being installed on streetcars in the US since they are much faster in application and release and therefore safer than mechanical brakes, Type A trams were never fitted with them; neither were any trams built before 1920. For normal

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The alphabetical order of types did not fully correspond to the order of trams' introduction: Type C was the classification given to trams introduced seven years after Type D. Further, when 20 open-sided "toast rack" Type B cars were enclosed, they were reclassified as Types A1

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In total, 337 electric trams of 14 types have operated over Adelaide's tramways, which totalled a little more than 100 km (62 mi) until 1958, when the street tramways were closed down, and which now total 16 km (9.9 mi). During the 44 years between the inauguration of

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more than 300 electric trams ran on more than 100 km (62 mi) of routes similar to those of the horse trams until all street tram services ceased in 1958. From then until 2006 only the 1929-vintage "Glenelg" trams survived, running mostly off-street on the 10.9 km (6.8 mi) line

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In 1939, 18 years after the modernising Type F street tram was introduced and 10 years after the Type H "Glenelg" trams, the MTT planned to upgrade its fleet with 40 trams of a new design. However, the Second World War intervened, and post-war material shortages mandated that construction be

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The fate of the street trams was the final consequence of many factors at work, including the fact that the number of cars registered in South Australia increased from 100,000 in 1946 to 240,000 in 1956, while during the same time the number of riders carried by all forms of public road passenger

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A total of 84 were built, making them the most common trams used in Adelaide. Local coach builders A. Pengelly & Co. built the initial 50 cars in 1921–22, a further 11 of almost identical design (designated Type F1) in 1925, and 20 more F1 cars in 1928. The MTT built one Type F1 in

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During World War 1 the MTT urgently needed more tramcars to handle increases in patronage and route extensions. However, wartime austerity made it impossible to proceed with a planned introduction of large trams. As an interim measure, 20 small combination cars similar to

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Four Type A1 trams were converted into permanently coupled "Bib and Bub" pairs, a wartime labour-saving configuration applied to most Type A cars. These four were the last of the Type A1 cars to be withdrawn from service in 1950, together with the sets of Type A trams not converted

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of 100. Capable of speeds up to 35 kmh (22 mph), the trams presented a vast improvement in schedules and comfort over the horse trams they replaced. It was not only the trams' design that made for a smoother ride: the tracks laid by the MTT to replace the horse tram tracks were built to

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These trams became the work-horses of the network until they were withdrawn and stored in the 1930s. During the Second World War and for five years afterwards they were returned to service, most in coupled pairs, because continuing petrol rationing obliged most people to use public transport. The

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North American streetcars and interurbans had evolved from all-wood construction early in the 20th century through composite wood-and-steel to heavyweight steel (about 1909) and to lightweight steel in the 1920s. All-steel construction reduced maintenance and potential loss of life inherent in a

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in 1924 and were placed in service in 1925. They were the company's standard "Birney safety car" – named after their designer, Charles Birney – that had become popular on lightly trafficked lines in the US. They incorporated several safety features and used little power, but owing to their small

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By 1921 the MTT had developed its first design to meet the specific requirements of the Adelaide system: a bogie tram with fast-loading access for six lines of passengers and a carrying capacity two-thirds greater than all but one of its predecessors. However, the severe constraints of the First

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In 1936, with the Great Depression preventing funding of new trams, the saloons of all 20 Type E cars were extended to reduce passengers' exposure to the weather and end the practice of conductors having to collect fares from the external footboards. The converted trams were reclassified as

2021:

During the First World War, when patronage rose and tram lines were extended, it became urgent to increase the capacity of the fleet, which at that time consisted of 150 cars of Types A, B and D. Wartime austerity mandated only a stop-gap design. Therefore, when 20 were built by an Adelaide

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Seventy trams in the first order, delivered in 1908 and 1909, were four-wheelers known as "California combination" cars. Their wooden bodies were built to a popular American design by a US manufacturer, dismantled before being shipped, and assembled by Adelaide coachbuilders. Steel undergear and

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The first withdrawal from service of Type H cars occurred in the late 1950s; by 1968 the fleet consisted of 26 cars. In September 2005, tenders were called for the sale and removal of 16 cars: ten operational; restaurant car 378; and five non-operational. Organisations such as museums with

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In 2006, when the first of the new trams purchased for Adelaide's tramways revival began operation, a numerical "series" classification replaced the old alphabetical system. From then until they ceased running in 2015, Type H trams were designated as the 300 Series, which conveniently

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segregation of the sexes. The habit was quite without legal foundation, yet it was a custom firmly entrenched until the trams were replaced by buses. Passengers who sat in the wrong compartments were regarded as something in the nature of "social outcasts" by their fellow passengers. Men always

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In 1953, however, time was running out for Adelaide's trams. By February 1950 petrol rationing had ended and families aspired to buy motor cars; patronage on public transport had dropped from 95 million in 1946 to 78 million in 1951. In 1951 the lower house of the parliament of South

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The 70 trams, built between 1910 and 1912, could carry 154 passengers in total (54 seated and 100 standing). When 20 had been completed, a change was made to the design of the remaining 30 (subsequently increased to 50): sliding doors were fitted to enclose each row of bench seats to give for

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Most were progressively retired by 2006 as their replacements came on line. After that, five (previously upgraded with equipment such as vigilance controls) were retained to run a weekend "heritage tram" service. After a further refurbishment, two (351 and 352, formerly 367) were retained at

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In 1925, rather than deploy larger trams on the isolated, low-traffic tramway system radiating from Port Adelaide to Semaphore, Largs, Rosewater and Albert Park, the MTT bought four economical four-wheeled trams, operated by one man. They were the shortest cars operated by the MTT, with just

950:

During the MTT's first 15 years, trams were identified only by their numbers. In 1923, the differing designs were allocated as "Type A" to "Type F". Subsequent acquisitions were allocated to new letters. For ease of reference, trams are described in this article using the 1923

1971:

The three trams of this type were converted, like the A1, from the unpopular Type B "toast rack" trams, and similarly entered service on the Port Adelaide tram system in 1917. Work on the three cars was undertaken by the MTT at their Hackney workshops rather than by

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Eight years after they were built, 17 of the 30 unpopular open Type B "toast racks" were converted by building a five-windowed saloon where the six central cross-bench seats were – similar to the original Type A cars. Designated later as Type A1, they were converted by an Adelaide

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Compared to the 100 Series Flexity Classic trams, the 200 Series trams have a higher crush load (186 passengers compared with 115) but 10 fewer seats; low floors for 100 per cent of the passenger space; and are formed of five articulated sections rather than three. At 32.3 m

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roof. During their construction they were fitted with motors removed from Type E trams. Rated at 37 kW (50 hp) each, two-thirds again higher than the 37 kW (50 hp) motors of the Type A, they enabled much faster acceleration. They soon became popularly known as

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built of lightweight steel, and despite the higher-than-normal speed of the Type H trams, the MTT did not incorporate this inexpensive feature in its design. Many Glenelg line collisions, particularly at level crossings, required substantial repairs, confirming their vulnerability.

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designed a new "dropcentre" tram that could be loaded and unloaded very quickly by six lines of passengers. They entered or left the tram's open section, which had a lower floor than the enclosed saloons on either side, made possible by more modern running gear that took up less space.

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In 1929 the MTT took ownership of one of the steam railway lines from Adelaide to Glenelg and converted it from broad gauge to standard gauge and installed electric overhead wires. To provide a fast service on the 10.9 km (6.8 mi) line – 85% of it in an exclusive corridor –

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needed a conductor to collect fares, the need for only one driver per pair reduced staffing needs by 25 per cent – an important economy during wartime labour shortages. The paired trams soon became nick-named "Bib and Bub" after characters created by renowned children's author

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The crush load figure includes the number of seated passengers shown. Crush load was defined by the MTT as: all seats filled, 9 inches (230 mm) of clearance in front of longitudinal seats and one standing passenger per 1.27 square feet (0.118 square metres) of remaining floor

3897:'s greatest achievement. Though Goodman was an Englishman by birth, education and early professional experience, many of his ideas reflected a strong North American influence. In terms of rolling stock design it was evident not only in the Type H cars but also in the stock US 2929:

F and F1 were the classifications allocated to two almost identical designs built over a span of nine years, starting in 1921–22. The first batch (Type F) had a combined steel and timber frame; the second (Type F1) had an all-steel underframe. Both variants are described

310:– the Adelaide and Hindmarsh Tramway Company Limited conducted trials of a tram powered by Julien's Patent electric traction technology. It was a battery-powered tramcar, which was promoted as offering the advantages of electrical power without the cost of erecting overhead wires. 2027:

Type C trams were similar in basic design to the Type A of a decade earlier, but with a domed roof. Fitted with powerful traction motors from refitted trams, they were quickly nicknamed after a famous racehorse of the day, "Desert Gold". The last was withdrawn in 1953.

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The trams were long, fully enclosed saloon cars with power-operated doors and bottom steps at either end, and they could run in coupled sets. To the travelling public they became known as "Glenelg" and "Bay" trams. They were designed by MTT chief engineer and general manager

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that have operated for the past 146 years: from early days when they undertook a major share of the public transport task before car ownership was well established; through the 49-year period when only one tram line operated; to the city's 21st-century tramways revival.

3935:, on which Glenelg is located). They were very popular from the beginning; a journey on a "Bay" tram gave the traveller a comfortable experience of 1920s technology that with the passing of the years became more memorable. Brian Andrews recalled his childhood journeys in 2894:

The converted trams were immediately unpopular because there was only one small door at each end, making them difficult to board in rush hours. However, enclosing the open section eliminated the severe safety hazard that external footboards posed to conductors.

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A further three of the unpopular Type B "toast racks" were also converted in 1917 – this time by the MTT – in the same way as the Type A1 cars by putting a saloon in the middle, but with three large windows. They were later designated as Type A2.

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Type F1 tram no. 264 in silver and carnation red livery waiting at Peacock Road with a full passenger load, near the intersection with South Terrace on 9 November 1957. The driver may be awaiting a tram on the line from Glenelg, which joins his line just

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The conversion of Type B car 38 was to a "ballast motor" to remove old railway equipment from the Glenelg line. The entire bodywork and most of the driving compartments were removed; the trolley pole was mounted on a steel post in the middle of the all-flat

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Twenty-four state-of-the-art trams of two makes replaced the by-then vintage trams on the Glenelg line and subsequently on 5.4 km (3.4 mi) of newly built line extensions north through the city centre and on to the city's cultural and entertainment

5779:. During the experiments, the pantographs were only used on the private reserve section of the line, which at the time was fitted with a railway-like catenary overhead system rather than the traditional tramway-style overhead used on the rest of the system. 919:

was introduced to run not only on a newly upgraded Glenelg line but also on 4.2 km (2.6 mi) of new street lines that were to be extended north of Victoria Square through busy central Adelaide thoroughfares. These new trams were designated the

1979:

Museum, St Kilda. The museum rebuilt it into its original Type B "toast rack" configuration in preference to retaining its A2 configuration. Consequently, Type A2 is the second of the two MTT tram sub-types not in the museum collection.

3914:

between built-up areas. Goodman had proposed a similar design for electrification of the line twenty years earlier, but the electrification bill introduced into the South Australian Parliament was defeated, as was a similar bill two years later.

1682:. These are described in the next two sections. One "toastrack" was retained for use by the MTT band on the Port Adelaide system and in 1929 one was substantially converted for use during construction of the electrification infrastructure of the 891:

with power-operated doors and folding steps. Thirty of them, capable of running coupled together, were built hurriedly for the line's opening. Popularly known as "Glenelg" or "Bay" trams, they were to operate in revenue service for 77 years. An

3210:

and cream livery into silver and carnation red. Most of the repainted cars – and a few that were not repainted – had an emergency exit door fitted behind the motorman's compartment, reducing the seating capacity in these trams from 60 to 56.

4651:

changed the MTT's alphabetical classification of tram types to a numeric system, and the Flexity Classics became the 100 Series. In informal parlance they are often referred to as "Flexities"; to the general public they are "yellow trams".

3901:

designs, both in layout and detail, that he favoured in 1908–1912 for the inaugural Adelaide street tram system and in his 1918 design (not built) for fast-loading street trams. The design of the Type H was typical of many hundreds of

2532:

cross-bench seating until 1936, when they were enclosed, becoming Type E1. Until then, as on the Type D, conductors were obliged to walk along the external footboards to collect fares from passengers sitting on the cross-benches.

5893:

The first iteration was called the "Adelaide Tram Car Restaurant", serving pre-cooked meals ranging from afternoon teas to three-course dinners. It ceased operation about three years later. Subsequently the government transport agency

6856:

The Tramways of Adelaide, past, present, and future: a complete illustrated and historical souvenir of the Adelaide tramways from the inception of the horse trams to the inauguration of the present magnificent electric trolley car

1434:

before being shipped, and assembled by Adelaide coachbuilders. Steel undergear and electrical equipment were sourced separately from the UK and US. They had completely open sides, so they soon earned the nickname, "toast racks".

5633:

Starting with the Type F, built in 1921, air brakes were fitted on all new trams and from about 1922 were retrofitted to existing bogie trams – Types D and E. They were never fitted to the single-truck (four-wheeled)

5753:

street tramcar bodies, was experienced in building wooden bodies for the Trust. Type H bodies could be made quickly by a trusted supplier, permitting timely supervision of the contract and where necessary the use of MTT

269:

By 1907 there were 162 trams, drawn by 1056 horses, servicing routes totalling about 120 kilometres (75 miles) in length. Except in minor respects the trams' designs did not evolve during the 36 years in which they operated.

1673:

Eventually 20 of the 30 Type B trams were modified to become "combination trams": a new central closed saloon compartment was built, leaving two facing cross-benches at each end. In 1923 seventeen were designated as

815:

Adelaide's earliest electric trams (Types A to C) were four-wheeled and powered by this simple but robust truck, with a motor on each axle, manufactured by the J.G. Brill Company. The wooden body frame was bolted on

7875: 5898:

brought the tram back as "Grand Lady" – a reference to the Grand Hotel at Glenelg, which pre-cooked its meals. The tram finally ceased its role in 2001. It is on display (running occasionally) at the Tramway Museum, St

3550:

designs of North America since the Glenelg line would allow relatively high speeds on its reservation. Considered "state of the art" in the 1920s the trams, refurbished from time to time, remained popular for 79 years.

3196:: the Type F cars combined steel and timber-frame construction whereas the Type F1 cars had an all-steel underframe. With so many trams of these types in service, many detail variations occurred in the fleet. 1835:

cars. Seven were converted for the isolated Port Adelaide tram system operated by the MTT between 1917 and 1935. Type A1 cars were rated with the same passenger capacity (seated and crush load) as the Type A.

5719:

When the line was closed for construction in April 1929, work had already been in progress for three months. It continued for another 10 months, during which time the North Terrace railway line provided passenger

5729:

Examples of similar (though shorter) designs of interurbans were the Sandwich, Windsor and Amherstburg Railway's cars numbered 301–304 and the Perley–Thomas Car Co.'s 800 Series for the New Orleans Public Service,

131: 5511:

Glengowrie depot for occasional use after normal H car revenue operation ceased in 2008. Their last use was in 2015. In 2017 they were placed in long-term departmental storage at Walkley Heights. In 2021, the

297:

Adelaide's horse tram era was briefly punctuated by a technology that foreshadowed the direction in which public transport would be transformed around the world. In 1889 – eight years after the world's first

3885:– 85% of it in an exclusive corridor – 30 long, fully enclosed end-loading saloon cars were designed and built. They were in everyday service for 70 years after they entered service in December 1929. 3874:, the same as other Adelaide tram lines. By December of that year the track had been refurbished and gauge-converted, a flyover bridge built over the railway to Melbourne at Goodwood, and electrification 1637:

sign shows it would turn right down King William Street to Peacock Road, where the "South Terrace" railway line to Glenelg had been foreshortened to limit the public nuisance of steam engines in the city

1032:

was set up in December 1906 to build an electric tramway system in place of Adelaide's horse trams, work proceeded hurriedly on all fronts. It was necessary to obtain 100 tramcars as quickly as possible.

3974:. Four 45 kW (60 hp) motors were fitted, limited to confine the trams to a maximum speed of 72 km/h (45 mph). After a few years in service, the trams were also fitted with air horns. 7911: 2456:

In May 1909, soon after the opening of the first electric lines, it became evident that 100 cars would not be enough to meet traffic demand. In May 1909 the MTT called for

2882:

Type E1 tram no. 110 at Findon terminus on the line's last day of operation, 18 October 1953. The woman boarding demonstrates the height of the steps that had to be negotiated on these trams.

7791: 6056:

in 2006, Type H trams 352 (renumbered from 367 in 2013) and classleader 351 were first retained at Glengowrie depot for occasional use, which ended in 2015. In 2017 they were moved to the

3231:, was shut down on 22 November 1958. They were especially well suited to carry the crowds associated with race meetings, football matches and the agricultural show at the Wayville Showground. 4401:

was the first tram type introduced to implement Adelaide's tramways revival in 2006. The model is one of a range of trams and light rail vehicles operating internationally, manufactured by

3494:

The Type G trams ran for 10 years before the Port Adelaide system was closed in 1935. The following year, the four were sold to the State Electricity Commission of Victoria for use in

4625:

Several of the earlier Flexity cars were unloaded at Adelaide's Outer Harbor; later deliveries were first shipped to Melbourne and offloaded there before being hauled by road to Adelaide.

4048:

In 2001 and 2002, some Type H cars were modernised, asbestos was removed and electronic inverter controls replaced the original control gear. Five cars were given a complete rebuild.

1055:

For more than a decade, all the Adelaide trams were known only by their numbers. In 1923 an alphabetical classification system was introduced; these trams were designated as Type A.

5546:

The original no. 103, damaged during shipping from Germany, was subsequently retained for its spare parts. The replacement no. 103 was the final 100 Series tram delivered.

900:

Adelaide's tram services, to be replaced by buses. The last street tram operated on 22 November 1958, leaving only the Glenelg line and its unique trams to survive, on a route from

5710:

Economic conditions in South Australia had begun to deteriorate some months before the depression began. In 1928, 15% of union members were unemployed – twice the national average.

924:. By year's end the 1929-vintage trams had been largely phased out of normal revenue service (the last being in 2008), only running occasionally on special occasions. In 2009 the 4072:

students in the Glenelg area as part of a South Australian schools festival. Car 378 gained a grey-roofed, royal blue, gold-lined livery in 1990 when it became a restaurant car.

7886: 2257:

A huge safety hazard was that conductors were obliged to walk along the external footboards to collect fares because there was no aisle through the middle of the cross-benches.

1298: 321:. The project ended the following year when the two proponents were killed in a railway level crossing accident. Adelaide had to wait another 20 years for electrification. 1254:

Seventy of the inaugural order of 100 trams were built to this design. In 1923, when an alphabetical classification system was introduced, they were designated as Type A.

3470: 6060:

storage facility at Walkley Heights. In 2021 they were donated to the Tramway Museum, St Kilda, where work started for their re-entry into service, including conversion from

5666:, 36,673 pounds in Australia in 1910 equates to 5.00 million Australian dollars in 2018. The per-tram cost of 733 pounds equates to 100 thousand Australian dollars. 7471: 3278:

32 passengers seated and space for 18 standing. Designated Type G, they were built by J.G. Brill and Co. of Philadelphia and assembled in the MTT workshops.

7736: 7675: 3910:

at the time. The term "interurban" was applied to vehicles heavier and faster than urban trams ("streetcars" in North America), operating in city streets and on private

5480:

Four trams almost identical to the 50 Type D trams were acquired from the builder in 1912 by a tramway trust in Melbourne; the MTT did not acquire them until 1927.

1312:

Type A tram number 10, sold to the State Electricity Commission of Victoria, now runs in its final Ballarat configuration at the Tramway Museum, St Kilda, SA.

5739:

Based on the Retail Price Index calculated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 5000 pounds in Australia in 1929 equates to 400,000 Australian dollars in 2018.

4965:

Alstom ran one as a demonstrator for two weeks in Melbourne after landing; before delivery to Madrid the company had used one in Stockholm to test a route extension.

2938:

World War (which had led to 20 Type C cars being built as a stop-gap) prevented construction from starting until 1921. During the next nine years 84 were built.

2715:

in Philadelphia, then imported in parts and assembled by Pengelly from 1910 to 1912. As before, mechanical and electrical components were sourced from the UK and US.

6929: 2473:

protection from inclement weather. These trams came to be designated as Type D ("closed combination metropolitan bogie cars"); the first 20 became Type E.

1273:, incorporating running gear and electrical equipment sourced from the UK and the US. Duncan & Fraser had an established record building horse tram cars for the 7973: 5687:(M&MTB) acquired all of the municipal tramway trusts in Melbourne; the cars were designated as the O class. By late 1926 the M&MTB had enough standard 3199:

In 1929, two cars were fitted with additional air brake pipes to haul an unusual type of trailer – horse transport cars – on the Glenelg line between Adelaide and

4338:

Prototype, and only, Type H1 tram no. 381, on an enthusiast tour of 1 April 1956, was an uncommon visitor at the terminus of the Colonel Light Gardens line.

2570:

factory in Philadelphia. Each component is marked with a letter and number. The trams were assembled in Adelaide to assuage public opinion about foreign imports.

5060:

Car 18 is in fully restored running condition but is not operated. Car 15 is displayed (intentionally) in the deteriorated condition in which it was recovered.

124:

industrial development and the growth of the suburbs the extension of tramway (and railway) networks was a feature of urban transport and development until the

7922: 1262:

very high specifications – and they were brand new. However, the huge overhang from the four-wheeled truck at both ends of the car, almost double the truck's

1633:

In 1917, possibly on Wattle Day (1 September), a garlanded Type B tram is in Currie Street. MTT General Manager W.G.T. Goodman is on the left. The

5959: 4648: 8335: 7798: 4606:

The trams are 30.04 metres (98 feet 7 inches) long, articulated in three segments, with low floor height for 70 per cent of the vehicle.

3188:

each of the four axles (on which all wheels were the same 673 mm (26.5 in) diameter), and air brakes (the first to be fitted from inception).

1257:

Seating capacity was 40 passengers (20 in the saloons and 10 each end on the open benches); a further 60 could be accommodated standing, giving a total

2185:

Type A were built by Duncan & Fraser in 1918–1919. These cars, subsequently designated Type C, had a more modern domed roof instead of a

3848:, the MTT acquired the 56-year-old steam-hauled double-track South Terrace railway from the South Australian Railways. It was to be electrified with 3474:

Type G car 303, on the Glenelg tram line, runs over a level crossing on Greenhill Road during an Adelaide "centenary of transport" festival in 1978

2891:

bulkhead. The original (non-smoking) saloon received new upholstered seating; the removed timber saloon seats were transferred to the new saloon.

1963: 1383:

The Tram Museum, St Kilda restored Type A cars 14 and 15 in a major project lasting 15 years, which culminated when they entered service in 2021.

811: 6479:

Transit in Adelaide: the story of the development of street public transportation in Adelaide from horse trams to the present bus and tram system

4884:

A driven axle unit on a Citadis 302 tram. Hub motors and the lack of an axle between the wheels allows 100% of the tram's floor to be low-level.

5001: ins) longer than the 100 Series. In informal parlance they are referred to as "Citadis" trams; the public use the term "red trams". 3227:

The dropcentre cars had the leading role over the entire Adelaide street tram network for 37 years until the system, with the exception of the

1439:

They were popular when it was warm but decidedly unpopular in inclement weather. Twenty of the 30 in the class were enclosed in 1917, becoming

101:. The museum's collection, much of it operating on a 1.6 km line, includes every principal type of 20th century tram that ran in Adelaide. 4106:

heritage experience could seek a tram as a gift or at minimum value. Their subsequent uses were as varied as a restaurant, an attraction at a

2469:

as being £36,673 and 13 shillings. As with previous trams, running gear and electrical equipment were necessarily sourced from the UK and US.

2180:

In King William Street is one of the Type C trams that handled peak traffic for the March 1954 Royal Visit, its last period of operation.

5908:

The MTT's longstanding preference to keep Type H cars in consecutively numbered pairs for rostering purposes led to re-numbering as follows:

208:

operated during the new lines' construction until the last was withdrawn from Adelaide-centric lines in 1914 (and in 1917 in Port Adelaide).

4334: 3502:

tramways, to be followed by the remaining two in 1949. There, the trams were in revenue service until 1972 when the system was closed down.

3992:

collision in which a steel underframe scythed through the wooden body of an opposing car. Although four years earlier the MTT had imported

8631: 6057: 5512: 4038: 968:

The classification system was changed to a numeric one when the first of Adelaide's new generation of trams was delivered in 2006. These

879:

In 1929, twenty years after a false start, the Glenelg railway line was converted to electric operation. Since most of the line was in a

139:

There have been three generations of trams over the 146 years since street vehicles first ran on steel (or iron) rails in Adelaide:

70: 4697:, from which they were purchased virtually new. They are very similar to others operated in 15 other cities around the world, including 4025:

The whole fleet was re-motored in 1956 with slightly more powerful 48 kW (64 hp) motor originally intended for the unrealised

2014:

These trams received their classification as Type C out of sequence: Type D trams had been introduced eight years before them.

896:

was designed in 1939, but post-war material shortages delayed the introduction of the first – and ultimately the only – car until 1953.

8939: 8883: 7227: 5684: 2711:

Local opinion was strongly opposed to building new trams outside of South Australia. Consequently, Type E trams were built by the

6815: 5388:

Links to articles about Adelaide tramways, from the horse tram era to the contemporary era of tramways revival, are accessible in the

2176: 5009:

Several museums, preservation groups and other entities have Adelaide trams that are accessible for rides or on static display. The

8679: 8167:. No. 366. Sutherland, New South Wales: South Pacific Electric Railway Co-operative Society Limited. August 2021. p. 42. 8096:. No. 366. Sutherland, New South Wales: South Pacific Electric Railway Co-operative Society Limited. August 2021. p. 41. 6561:. No. 366. Sutherland, New South Wales: South Pacific Electric Railway Co-operative Society Limited. August 2021. p. 42. 4942:

built the first of what became Adelaide's 200 Series trams as part of an order of 70 Citadis model 302 units from Spanish operator

1377: 5999:

One Flexity tram, no. 111, was deployed for several demonstration trips on the Melbourne tram network before delivery to Adelaide.

3158:

No. 201, the first of 84 Type F and F1 trams, outside Tram Barn C at the Hackney Road depot on 17 March 1922. MTT General Manager

2940:

These speedy, comfortable Type F and F1 trams took the leading role in the street tram system until it was shut down in 1958.

2878: 1227: 8328: 5555:

The MTT placed "Type" first in the appellation (e.g "Type H") rather than after, a reversal of the practice in other states.

1629: 7707: 7685: 7277:

Letter, Goodman to Messrs Hale & Kilburn Company, 12 January 1928. MTT file 170/28, cited in Andrews (2014) p. 62.

6535: 4051:

In 2005 all remaining cars were modified so they could operate past the upgraded passenger platforms built in readiness for new

3832: 2537:

Some Type E trams remained in service, like their Type D counterparts, until the street tram system was shut down in 1958.

2444: 2228:

As the new electrified routes were being opened, the MTT designed a class of tram much larger than the previous ones, mandating

1658:

These vehicles, later designated Type B, were popular for summer trips to the beach and to concerts arranged by the MTT at

4586:, continued with a $ 58 million investment in the first vehicles of a modern tram fleet. Starting in January 2006, eleven 2562: 5830: 4617: 1305:, delaying construction of cars and preventing electric services from beginning on the planned date of 23 December 1908. 1235: 8944: 5791: 5297:

Operational. About once a month, runs as the "Blues Tram", organised and staged by Bendigo Blues & Roots Music Festival.

4079:

In January 2006, a month before their retirement from revenue service, Type H cars 358 and 357 about to cross Brighton Road,

1689:

Almost all Type B cars and those converted to Types A1 and A2 were withdrawn from service in 1936 and scrapped in 1946.

289: 262:. The company that ordered them, the Adelaide & Suburban Tramway Company, manufactured horse trams in its own factory at 1655:". The trams carried 50 passengers seated and 50 standing for a crush load of 100, the same total as the Type A trams. 8549: 5597: 5143:

Formerly Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board tram 130 (see Type D section above). Operational, in regular service.

4380: 3214:

Whether a passenger sat "inside" or not was governed by a strict custom. As John Radcliffe and Christopher Steele observed:

36:

you are reading is an expansion of a section of that article. Here is a list of other comprehensive Adelaide tram articles:

4632:

climate, failed to cope with Adelaide's high summer temperatures, but they were rectified by engineering changes in 2007.

4122:

to operate a weekend "heritage tram" service and charter trips, the last of which occurred in 2015. They were acquired by

293:

A trip to Henley Beach on 9 January 1889 to trial a tram powered by Julien's Patent electric traction (battery) technology

146:

more than 150 lightweight horse-drawn trams travelled along about 120 km (75 mi) of lines in the streets of the

8821: 2721:

During 1936 the open area on all Type E cars was enclosed by an extended saloon. The converted cars were designated

1659: 187: 2886:

By the mid-1930s, more than half of the MTT's cars were almost 30 years old. The enormous financial stringencies of the

8908: 8321: 7148: 7126: 5676: 8014: 7586:. No. 368. Sutherland, New South Wales: South Pacific Electric Railway Co-operative Society Limited. p. 38. 6584:. No. 368. Sutherland, New South Wales: South Pacific Electric Railway Co-operative Society Limited. p. 38. 6008:

Technically, two types of trams are unrepresented in the museum's collection, but their omission is trivial. They are

3166: 7437: 7356: 7171: 6799: 6774: 6486: 6430: 6405: 6212: 4951: 6097:. Adelaide: Original, Wakefield Press. Lightly edited online version ('Transport'), History Trust of South Australia 3154: 8954: 8489: 8485: 4880: 2248:

the Type D total to 50 (until 1927, when four nearly identical trams acquired from Melbourne were added). The

988:

was delivered, it was designated as the "200 Series". The new trams are listed after the alphabetical series list.

234: 7530:. No. 244. Sydney: South Pacific Electric Railway Co-operative Society Limited. February 1991. pp. 9–11. 3893:

The construction of the Glenelg tramway and its rolling stock was probably MTT chief engineer and general manager

3146:

At last released from the severe constraints of the First World War, the MTT's chief engineer and general manager

5663: 4578:

100 Series (Flexity Classic) tram on the 10.8 km (6.7 mi) sole-use reservation from Adelaide to Glenelg

4014: 3183:

These Type F trams and their variant Type F1 seated 60 and had standing room for a further 110, totalling a

951:

alphabetical classifications, regardless of whether they were introduced or converted before or after that year.

8606: 8949: 8918: 8888: 6999: 6728: 6694: 6301: 3911: 3498:, joining two other, new, Birney cars. In 1947 the Commission transferred the four former Adelaide cars to its 3491:

trams more than 80 years later, they were also the only trams in Adelaide to be entirely constructed overseas.

1369:

stopping the Adelaide trams had a handbrake, operated by the motorman manually winding a wheel in the cab, and

1302: 880: 7947: 7313: 3881:

To provide a fast service on the 10.9 km (6.8 mi) line between Adelaide and the beachside suburb of

6369: 4959: 4689:

model of tram operating in Adelaide is one of a large range of trams and light rail vehicles manufactured by

4641: 4042: 2887: 1663: 1321: 318: 274: 7857: 4703:

The trams have five segments, 100% low-floor capacity, seating for 54, and places for another 132 standing.

4415:

The trams have three segments, 70% low-floor capacity, seating for 64, and places for another 115 standing.

2718:

In 1918, all Type E cars were fitted with 65 hp traction motors, replacing motors rated at 50 hp.

1819: 1816:

had taken place. Under the alphabetical classification system of 1923 they were designated as Type A1.

307: 8672: 1365:. They stayed in service after the war as the Australian Government continued petrol rationing until 1950. 1333: 337:

Details of the trams in the order of their introduction are in the following panel, expandable by clicking

41: 6090: 4975:

A further three trams arrived in December 2017 to meet expected demand from expansion of lines in eastern

4405:. The eleven introduced in 2006 as the 100 Series (and four introduced in 2008) are identical to those of 2483:

A further four almost identical trams, which Duncan & Fraser had built in 1912 for tramways trusts in

1823:

A newly converted Type A1 tram no. 55 in Victoria Square, ca 1917, showing the central closed saloon.

8588: 8544: 4980: 3931:

To the travelling public the trams became known by their destination as "Glenelg" and "Bay" trams (after

1642: 1317: 1294: 431: 263: 8863: 8903: 8755: 6603: 4693:. The six trams ordered as the 200 Series in 2009 and three in 2017 are identical to those of Madrid's 4635:

Another two Flexity trams were ordered in time for the Victoria Square to City West route extension to

4587: 4398: 4142: 3959: 3824:, MTT chief engineer and general manager, based his design for the 1929 Type H trams on North American 3706: 3100: 2744: 2491: 1859: 1705: 1667: 1349: 7201: 3836:

Triple-coupled Type H trams, totalling 172 feet (52 m) in length and led by no. 351, at the

3518: 3260: 2911: 2514: 2211: 1995: 1843:

Type A1 is one of the two MTT tram sub-types not in the collection of the Tram Museum, St Kilda.

1416: 1370: 1011: 8765: 8528: 7714: 7680: 6451: 6337: 4872: 4668: 4472: 4402: 3837: 3462: 2728:

Some Type E trams survived in revenue service until the close of street tram operation in 1958.

1341: 1329: 1325: 1293:. The company initially constructed the cars, and Type B cars, in the machinery building of the 901: 313:

On 9 January 1889 the car, adapted from a double-deck horse car built by Adelaide coachbuilders

251: 205:

United States or, later, to almost identical designs by local coachbuilders or horse tram companies.

5875:

The modernised Type H trams were numbers 351, 367 (later re-numbered as 352), 370, 374 and 380.

3192:

1927 and two more in 1929. The main difference between the two types lay in the construction of the

254:, assembled the city's first 20 horse-drawn trams manufactured (and dismantled for shipping) by the 8913: 8636: 5963: 5516: 5468:

For Adelaide's Flexity Classic trams, Bombardier used a figure of four passengers per square metre.

5185:

Type F1 numbers 264 and 282 are operational, in regular service. Type F 244 is in storage indoors.

5010: 4636: 4161: 4115: 4080: 3882: 3558: 3240: 3200: 1975:

The seating and standing capacity for these trams was the same as for Types A, A1 and C.

1353: 1240: 1029: 331: 278: 97: 88: 58: 7288:"Bulletin 50, Upper Canada Railway Society, Toronto: Sir Adam Beck and the Hydro Radial proposals" 4413:

network, since they were taken expediently from a production line of intended Frankfurt vehicles.

4075: 3817: 3218:

These cars were important in the development of an unusual custom by passengers of practising the

3206:

From October 1953, about half the trams in the Type F and F1 fleet were repainted from their

8868: 8858: 8665: 7061: 5680: 4976: 4017:, each of a different pattern. However, the overhead wires at the time, although suspended in a 909: 255: 174: 52: 6068:

operation. No. 352 entered operational service, in silver and carnation red livery, in May 2023.

1308: 8714: 7761:

Starick, Paul (27 January 2006). "Exclusive: why it's back to the workshop: our flawed trams".

7092: 7056: 6061: 5688: 5587: 4615:

An interactive 360-degree view of the interior of a Flexity Classic tram is

4018: 3849: 1345: 4954:

resulted in a number of them being placed into storage, "as new", immediately after delivery.

4083:, to enter the 9.25 km (5.75 mi) of reserved track ahead. They are now owned by the 8898: 8760: 8344: 4084: 1651:

cross-bench seats in one completely open compartment, which soon gave rise to the nickname, "

277:

purchased the assets of almost all of the companies in 1907 and in December incorporated the

7621: 7348: 6263: 5353:

Under cover, used as a classroom for media arts and drone classes. Not publicly accessible.

5269:

360 and 365 are operational, in regular service. 362 and 364 are on static display indoors.

5213:

302 is operational, in regular service. 301 and 304 are in storage (as nos 30 and 28).

4596: 299: 8831: 8734: 8729: 8460: 8363: 6826: 5772: 4698: 3982: 3971: 2484: 2022:

coachbuilder in 1918 they did not follow the large bogie car design of 1910 (Type D).

1380:. The remainder were withdrawn from service by May 1952; many were sold for use as shacks. 147: 135:

A timeline chart showing Adelaide's tram types, total numbers, route kilometres, and owners

2498:

The Type D trams operated in regular service until the street network was closed in 1958.

965:

above, and the last line in each "At a glance" panel shows the next tram type introduced.

8: 8893: 8873: 8816: 8811: 7259:. Vol. XLI, no. 12, 371. New South Wales, Australia. 12 January 1929. p. 1 6876: 5591: 3997: 3875: 3724: 3479: 2712: 2609: 2567: 2318: 2191: 1521: 1119: 1039:

electrical equipment were sourced separately from the UK and US. The trams could carry a

825: 7974:"CITAL inaugurates its assembly and maintenance site for Alstom Citadis trams in Annaba" 1812:

trams, halving the number of exposed seats in the process. This work was done after the

34:

is an overview of 146 years of trams in South Australia's capital city. The article

8796: 8750: 8724: 8688: 8611: 8523: 8518: 8240: 4897: 4709:

This is the last series of tram so far built for the revived Adelaide tramways network.

3954: 2615: 2458: 2324: 2088: 1793: 1527: 1373:, energised by power generated by the motors as the cars slowed down, for emergencies. 1278: 1270: 1239:

Type A tram number 1, restored to its 1909 condition, runs on special occasions at the

1125: 876:

were imported in 1925 to handle the lightly trafficked, isolated Port Adelaide system.

841: 833: 314: 247: 7823: 7065:. (Original, Adelaide. Digital reproduction, Canberra: National Library of Australia ( 6871: 6455:. (Original, Adelaide. Digital reproduction, Canberra: National Library of Australia ( 6446: 6373:. (Original, Adelaide. Digital reproduction, Canberra: National Library of Australia ( 6364: 6332: 2461:

for trams it had designed which were much larger than the existing four-wheeled cars.

2186: 8791: 8781: 8709: 8583: 8568: 8388: 8168: 8097: 7587: 7443: 7433: 7410: 7352: 7341: 7221: 7167: 7020: 6995: 6904: 6795: 6770: 6724: 6585: 6562: 6482: 6426: 6401: 6297: 6208: 6053: 5764: 4969: 4583: 4352: 4107: 3499: 3495: 3228: 1683: 1282: 1274: 915:

By 2006 the Glenelg trams had been in full-time operation for 77 years. In January a

46: 30: 7374:

Report on the Electrification of the Glenelg Railway (in Parliamentary Paper no. 61)

6341:. (Original, Sydney. Digital reproduction, Canberra: National Library of Australia ( 5074:

Operational, used on special occasions. Car 10 is restored as Ballarat Tramways 21.

3923: 2566:

A works photo of the body of a tram that became the MTT's Type E, taken at the

2448:

Type D tram no. 160 in the north-east quadrant of Victoria Square on the morning of

8801: 8786: 8186: 7999: 6880:. (Original, Perth. Digital reproduction, Canberra: National Library of Australia ( 6519:

The Municipal Tramways Trust pocket guide: a catalogue of MTT rolling stock 1909–71

5776: 3894: 3845: 3821: 3543: 3159: 3147: 1290: 1286: 64: 7776:

King, Melissa (17 September 2004). "Farewell red rattlers, hello air-con and TV".

6033:

Updated over all in April 2019; some entries (annotated) updated in November 2021.

6016:, of which only three were built. The design of both sub-types, when rebuilt from 5701:

The network ran from Port Adelaide to Semaphore, Largs, Rosewater and Albert Park.

3727:, Preston, England; as re-motored: The English Electric Co. Ltd, Preston, England 8878: 8836: 8806: 8423: 8418: 8413: 7287: 5962:

storage at Walkley Heights. In 2021 the department donated and moved them to the

1244: 6233: 5763:

The trams were variously fitted with a Fischer bow collector and pantographs by

1316:

Type A trams were the work-horses of the newly opened lines, including those to

932:; more arrived in 2017, bringing the total number of trams on the system to 24. 334:

commissioned 313 of the first 12 electric tram types described in this article.

8826: 8356: 8313: 7650:

Final report on the Municipal Tramways Trust Adelaide. Parliamentary papers 22A

5227:

As of May 2023, 352 had re-entered service and 351 was being refurbished.

4893: 4686: 3871: 3853: 2490:

Since there was no means of moving along the tram inside the cross-bench area,

1337: 82: 8066: 8040: 7500: 6665: 4582:

Adelaide's tramway revival, which was first seen in the 2005 upgrading of the

349:

Adelaide electric tram types in date order of their introduction or conversion

330:

the first electric tram in 1909 and the delivery of the last tram in 1953 the

8933: 8502: 8441: 8172: 8115: 8101: 7591: 7255: 7250: 7024: 6589: 6566: 5895: 5845: 5832: 5806: 5793: 5612: 5599: 4955: 4111: 3907: 3557:

The final two were placed in departmental storage in 2017 and donated to the

3162:, in his hat and characteristic white dustcoat, is near the front of the car. 2252:

of both types, 152 passengers, was half as many again as their predecessors.

1357: 259: 76: 7648: 7646: 8498: 7447: 6854: 6065: 4943: 4913: 4909: 4694: 4010: 3932: 3483: 3239:

More information about the closure of the street network is in the article

2487:, were acquired by the MTT in 1927 and incorporated into the D fleet. 829: 238:

A horse tram owned by the Adelaide and Suburban Tramway Company, circa 1909

125: 7797:. Bombardier Transportation. November 2005. pp. 20–25. Archived from 7414: 3747:

As built: 45 kW (60 hp); as re-motored: 48 kW (64 hp)

3179:

Type F1 tram 282, restored and operational at the Tramway Museum, St Kilda

3052:

20.42 tonnes (20.10 long tons, 22.51 short tons)

868:

were built cheaply in 1918, to almost the same design as the first of the

8493: 8480: 8475: 8212: 4905: 3047:

20.33 tonnes (20.01 long tons, 22.41 short tons)

3042:

20.02 tonnes (19.70 long tons, 22.06 short tons)

3037:

19.96 tonnes (19.64 long tons, 22.00 short tons)

2262:

These trams operated until the street tram system was shut down in 1958.

1646:

Restored Type B "toast rack" tram 42 at the Tramway Museum, St Kilda

853: 845: 4595:, Germany, by supplying them on the back of a large order under way for 4343:

Built by Adelaide bus manufacturer J.A. Lawton & Sons as one of two

4037:. Ten of the cars underwent their first-ever major refurbishment at the 956:

MTT trams are listed in this article in alphabetical order of their type

6052:

After being replaced by 100 Series (Flexity Classic) trams on the

4410: 4064: 3903: 3825: 3547: 3207: 3193: 3184: 2495:

bulkhead and through four of the six cross-bench seats of these trams.

2249: 1652: 1448: 1258: 1043:

of 101 passengers, including 40 on seats – many more than horse trams.

1040: 884: 385: 8456: 8292: 5440:

for details of vehicles that are in preserved and operating condition.

3713:, Alexandria, New South Wales; other components MTT Hackney workshops 2477: 8657: 8564: 8408: 8370: 7144: 7122: 4921: 4760: 4600: 4406: 4344: 2449: 2233: 2195:

until 1952. Their last use was during the royal visit of March 1954.

1362: 1263: 303: 154:

1909–1952, electric trams built locally, at first from American kits:

8384: 5394: 5389: 3966:

and the rest of the truck was built by the MTT's Hackney workshops.

1451:, similar to the Type A trams, was 102, including 50 on seats. 4029: fleet. Replacement air horns were installed; gongs remained. 3963: 3175: 905: 8137: 7240:

South Australian Parliamentary Debates, 20 December 1927, p. 2328.

6767:

City & Glenelg: the Municipal Tramways Trust Glenelg tram line

8403: 8266: 7395:

South Australian Parliamentary Debates, 29 November 1912, p. 473.

5939:

Numbers were 357, 358, 361, 364, 365, 368, 369, 371, 372 and 373.

4933: 4629: 4592: 4476: 3710: 7541:

King, Melissa (16 November 2005). "At last, our new Bay trams".

7386:

South Australian Parliamentary Debates, 20 October 1910, p. 775.

7205: 6849: 6847: 5157:

Converted back from a Type E1. Operational, in regular service.

4574: 2842:

16.05 tonnes (15.80 long tons, 17.70 short tons)

8719: 7918: 7882: 6719:

Andrews, C.A.; Fenner, L.M.; Hoffmann, J.W.; White, R. (1982).

4968:

Before arriving in Adelaide the six trams were modified at the

4947: 4939: 4929: 4917: 4901: 4756: 4690: 2349:

16.56 tonnes (16.30 long tons, 18.26 short tons)

1299:

Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society of South Australia

646: 7472:"Adelaide's new trams: tramcar procurement projects 2004–2010" 6425:. Wayville, South Australia: David Chantrell. pp. 32–35. 6317:

Goodman, W.G.T. (1 April 1923). "Adelaide electric tramways".

5489:

After their 1934 conversion the Type D trams' capacity was 50.

5016:

For details of the preserved Adelaide trams as of 2022, click

3466:

Type G "Birney safety car" 303 at the Tramway Museum, St Kilda

3235:

transport in Adelaide dropped from 100 million to 60 million.

144:

1878–1917, horse trams built in the United States and locally:

118: 7066: 7041:

Seymour, Colin (August 1994). "Adelaide's toast rack trams".

6985: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6971: 6881: 6844: 6721:

A brief history of Adelaide trams and trolley buses 1878–1963

6456: 6374: 6342: 4925: 4628:

Initially the trams' air conditioning systems, built for the

4034: 2229: 1269:

All 70 were built in 1908 and 1909 by Adelaide coachbuilders

65:

W.G.T. Goodman, Chief Engineer and General Manager of the MTT

6969: 6967: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6714: 6712: 4170: 4052: 3671:

17.170 metres (56 feet 4.0 inches)s) over bumpers

973: 969: 954:

and A2 rather than B1 and B2. As the less confusing option,

921: 916: 751: 6905:"Petrol rationing in Australia during the Second World War" 5768: 4962:, subsequently acquired six and shipped them to Australia. 3898: 2637:

14.73 tonnes (14.50 long tons, 16.24 short tons)

2110:

11.38 tonnes (11.38 long tons, 12.54 short tons)

1549:

11.07 tonnes (10.90 long tons, 12.21 short tons)

1277:

and both horse and electric trams for several operators in

1147:

11.07 tonnes (10.90 long tons, 12.21 short tons)

7405:

Hammond, Rolt (1968). "Development of electric traction".

7376:. Adelaide, South Australia: Government Printer, Adelaide. 6769:. Clunes, Victoria, Australia: Full Parallel Productions. 6723:. Adelaide: Australian Electric Traction Museum (SA) Inc. 6718: 4367: 3354:

7.7 tonnes (7.6 long tons, 8.5 short tons)

1967:

A Type A2 tram in St Vincent Street, Port Adelaide in 1919

1352:. Later they were relegated to the quieter routes such as 59:

Electric street network era (the Municipal Tramways Trust)

7428:

Ransome-Wallis, Patrick (1959). "Electric motive power".

6948: 6709: 6089:

Prest, Wilfrid; Round, Kerrie; Fort, Carol, eds. (2001).

5986:

were responsible for any deficits under the terms of the

832:

and shipped for final assembly by Adelaide coachbuilders

6516: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6132: 5449:

100 and 200 Series are the trams now in revenue service.

4240:

26.0 tonnes (26.0 long tons, 29.0 short tons)

3637:

23.5 tonnes (23.1 long tons, 25.9 short tons)

1827:

After conversion the trams were similar to the existing

1297:

grounds. However, when the building was required by the

824:

were of two North American designs, manufactured by the

214:

First electric trams acquired after the horse tram era:

16:

Types of tram that operated in Adelaide, South Australia

7708:"Business Unit Bogies - Product Portfolio Presentation" 7481:. Department for Planning, Transport and Infrastructure 7086: 7084: 6884:

digital newspaper archive)). 9 February 1950. p. 1

6672:. Australian Electric Transport Museum (S.A.) Inc. 2019 6240:. Australian Electric Transport Museum (S.A.) Inc. 2019 6130: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6112: 4063:

When introduced in 1929, the cars received a varnished

3536:

30 Type H trams were designed and purchased.

3488: 2336:

152, of whom 54 (50 after 1934 conversion) were seated

840:. Between 1910 and 1912 another Adelaide coachbuilder, 6377:

digital newspaper archive)). 8 January 1889. p. 6

6345:

digital newspaper archive)). 3 October 1887. p. 4

6287: 6285: 5336:

Old Tailem Town pioneer village, near Tailem Bend, SA

5322:

Tramway Museum Society of Victoria, Bylands, Victoria

5280:

Tramway Museum Society of Victoria, Bylands, Victoria

5241:

Stored outdoors in Canberra. Not publicly accessible.

8047:. Australian Electric Transport Museum (SA) Inc. 2019 7858:"Trams may be s-t-r-e-t-c-h-e-d to beat overcrowding" 7430:

Illustrated Encyclopedia of world railway locomotives

6660: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6495: 6357: 6091:"The Wakefield companion to South Australian history" 5325:

In operational condition; awaiting re-accreditation.

5308:

Perth Electric Tramway Society, Whiteman Park, Perth

4928:(as in the case of Adelaide's 200 Series trams); and 3856:. Track was re-laid to 1,435 mm (4.708 ft) 3617:

A. Pengelley & Co., Edwardstown, South Australia

7737:"Solutions in transport engineering - Product range" 7479:

Council of Australian Tramway Museums of Australasia

7141:

Prahran and Malvern Tramways Trust quarterly reports

7081: 7015:

Adams, William (May 2018). "Return of Bib 'n' Bub".

6994:. Sydney: Australian Electric Traction Association. 6642: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6459:

digital newspaper archive)). 22 July 1890. p. 5

6389: 6296:. Sydney: Australian Electric Traction Association. 6109: 5586:

Location of the Jubilee Exhibition grounds (now the

5057:

Tramway Museum, St Kilda, South Australia

4649:

Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure

4422: 3800:

C.W. Robertson & Co., Adelaide, South Australia

985: 929: 925: 852:, bringing a total of tram constructions before the 781: 7069:

digital newspaper archive)). 9 June 1909. p. 9

7036: 7034: 6689: 6687: 6530: 6528: 6282: 5884:

Cars 379 and 380 in 1959–1960; 363 and 364 in 1971.

5564:Type A1 and A2 trams are listed under the headings 3844:In 1929, fortuitously just before the onset of the 3489:

100 Series Flexity and 200 Series Citadis

3009:A. Pengelly & Co. (qty 81) 7465: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7340: 6536:"Bombardier Flexity Classic – Adelaide, Australia" 6082: 6013: 6009: 5662:Based on the Retail Price Index calculated by the 5573: 5566: 4655: 4647:With the introduction of the Flexity Classic, the 3024:170, of whom 60 were seated (some: 56 after 1953) 2722: 2356:(15.80 long tons, 17.70 short tons 1813: 1679: 1675: 535: 508: 284: 7609:. Adelaide: Australian Electric Transport Museum. 7470:Barry, Randall; Haskard, Peter (17 August 2012). 7119:Prahran and Malvern Tramways Trust annual reports 6792:Adelaide's public transport – the first 180 years 6621: 1444: 1440: 1396: 1392: 8931: 8343: 7507:. Australian Electric Transport Museum Inc. 2018 7339:Hilton, George W.; Due, John Fitzgerald (1960). 7031: 6760: 6684: 6525: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6207:. Adelaide: Libraries Board of South Australia. 6043:housed in a museum are not included in the list. 4958:, needing to meet demand on the new line to the 2731: 2366:3.5305 metres (11 feet 7.00 inches)s) 1846: 1692: 1376:Three Type A cars were sold in 1936 to the 42:Adelaide's 21st century tramways revival (2006–) 8235: 8233: 7845:. News Corporation. 23 January 2007. p. 9. 7792:"Bombardier Transportation Light Rail Vehicles" 7454: 7347:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 7294:. University of Toronto – Robarts Library. 1955 6758: 6756: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6202: 5367:Former restaurant tram. Indoor static display. 4274:17.170 metres (56 feet 4.0 inches)s) 1181:10.185 metres (33 feet 5.0 inches)s) 984:. Three years later, when the second new class 977: 888: 669: 7427: 7019:. Port Adelaide: National Railway Museum Inc. 6794:. Adelaide, South Australia: Wakefield Press. 6088: 5750: 5476: 5474: 5436: 5425:Quotation marks show terms used by the public. 4640:the route extension from North Terrace to the 3082:2.692 metres (8 feet 10.0 inches)s) 2647:3.531 metres (11 feet 7.0 inches)s) 2140:2.718 metres (8 feet 11.0 inches)s) 2120:3.175 metres (10 feet 5.0 inches)s) 1583:9.906 metres (32 feet 6.0 inches)s) 1191:2.692 metres (8 feet 10.0 inches)s) 860: 614: 589: 161:Since 2006, contemporary trams built overseas: 8673: 8329: 6481:. Adelaide: State Transport Authority. 1978. 6423:Duncan & Fraser Ltd: Legacies left untold 6257: 6255: 6221: 6105:– via History Trust of South Australia. 4950:. A scaling down of plans as a result of the 4123: 3505: 3072:14.935 metres (49 feet 0 inches)s) 2657:13.106 metres (43 feet 0 inches)s) 2376:13.106 metres (43 feet 0 inches)s) 2130:10.363 metres (34 feet 0 inches)s) 1593:2.565 metres (8 feet 5.0 inches)s) 1231:Type A tram number 66 in the early 1930s 317:, made the first of several fast journeys to 8230: 8187:"Tramway Museum - St Kilda, South Australia" 7622:"Rationing in Australia during World War II" 7582:Seymour, Colin (February 2022). "St Kilda". 7469: 7409:. London: Frederick Muller. pp. 71–73. 6737: 6580:Seymour, Colin (February 2022). "St Kilda". 6205:Adelaide road passenger transport, 1836–1958 5434:Applies to revenue service. See the section 5088:Operational as a coupled "Bib and Bub" set. 4362: 3062:3.048 metres (10 feet 0 inches)s) 2898: 1831:– a design also continued in the subsequent 806: 8632:Department for Infrastructure and Transport 7501:"H type trams 360, 362, 364 and 365 (1929)" 7343:The Electric Interurban Railways in America 7190:. Adelaide: Municipal Tramways Trust. 1927. 6310: 6058:Department for Infrastructure and Transport 5685:Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board 5513:Department for Infrastructure and Transport 5471: 5004: 4110:venue, a tourism display at Glenelg, and a 3790:G.D. Peters & Co. Ltd, Slough, England 3759:General Electric Company, Schenectady, USA 2308:54, including 4 bought fourth-hand in 1926 119:The three eras of Adelaide trams since 1878 8884:Melbourne Tramcar Preservation Association 8680: 8666: 8563: 8455: 8383: 8336: 8322: 8012: 7267:– via National Library of Australia. 6252: 5866:Five un-refurbished cars were disposed of. 5675:The trams were purchased initially by the 4663: 4375: 4137: 3513: 3255: 2906: 2739: 2509: 2206: 1990: 1854: 1700: 1411: 1006: 302:ran in Germany, and in the same year that 182: 7338: 7166:. Tramway Publications. pp. 10, 26. 6823:Council of Tramway Museums of Australasia 6420: 6321:. Melbourne: Tait Publishing Co. Pty Ltd. 6261: 5497: 5495: 4972:heavy maintenance facility in Melbourne. 3765:Trolley-pole bases and Tomlinson couplers 2476:The design of these larger cars featured 618:(almost identical variant of Type F) 7912:"Alstom Motors Catalogue 2015 - English" 7876:"Alstom Bogies Catalogue 2015 – English" 7670: 7668: 7161: 6203:Radcliffe, J.C.; Steele, C.J.M. (1974). 5948:Numbers were 363, 375, 376, 377 and 379. 4879: 4782:41 tonnes (40 long tons; 45 short tons) 4573: 4498:40 tonnes (39 long tons; 44 short tons) 4333: 4074: 3981: 3922: 3831: 3816: 3469: 3461: 3174: 3165: 3153: 2877: 2561: 2443: 2175: 1962: 1818: 1641: 1628: 1378:State Electricity Commission of Victoria 1307: 1266:– caused oscillations at higher speeds. 1234: 1226: 810: 288: 233: 7760: 7676:"Flexity Classic – Adelaide, Australia" 7581: 7404: 7371: 7040: 6989: 6764: 6579: 6316: 6234:"Before the MTT – Horse Tram Companies" 4987:(106 ft 0 in) they are (7 ft 4368:100 Series (Bombardier Flexity Classic) 4126:, where as of 2019 most were operable. 1275:Adelaide & Suburban Tramway Company 970:100 Series (Bombardier Flexity Classic) 8932: 8687: 8000:"Citadis from Madrid visits Stockholm" 7314:"New Orleans Public Service, Inc. 836" 7226:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 7188:40th half-yearly Statement of Accounts 6930:"Three streetcars will get air brakes" 6789: 6783: 6291: 5492: 5390:panel at the beginning of this article 4662: 4374: 4136: 4097:accorded with their existing numbers. 3512: 3254: 2905: 2738: 2508: 2205: 1989: 1853: 1699: 1410: 1393:Type B conversion to Type A1 1005: 181: 49:(trains 1873–1929, trams 1929–present) 8661: 8317: 7855: 7665: 7604: 7090: 7014: 6902: 6860:. Adelaide: The Critic. 9 March 1909. 6521:. Adelaide: Municipal Tramways Trust. 6395: 5911:351 became 380 in 1959, 359 in 1960, 4538:Bombardier FLEXX Urban 2000, pivoted 3770:Ohio Brass Co., Mansfield, Ohio, USA 300:commercially successful electric tram 8550:List of railway stations in Adelaide 8247:. Tramway Museum Society of Victoria 8015:"Job lot as new trams heading to SA" 7824:"Flexi sighted at Preston Workshops" 7775: 7540: 5692:were unpopular with some passengers. 5677:Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust 4816:32.3 m (106 ft 0 in) 4518:30.04 m (98 ft 7 in) 3953:The car bodies were manufactured by 894:updated version of the Glenelg trams 157:from Adelaide's centre to the beach. 8013:Richardson, Tom (18 October 2017). 7619: 7432:. London: Hutchinson. p. 173. 7407:Modern methods of railway operation 6020:, was generally similar to that of 5238:Sydney Tramway Museum, Loftus, NSW 4041:'s workshops, based at the time in 3927:The interior of a Type H tram, 2005 3796:Seat backs, cushions and sun blinds 3478:Four Type G cars were built by the 3014:MTT Hackney workshops (qty 3) 1456:Most were retired by the mid-1930s. 962: 701:(conversions from Type E) 539:(conversions from Type B) 512:(conversions from Type B) 13: 8909:Tramway Museum Society of Victoria 7149:Prahran and Malvern Tramways Trust 7127:Prahran and Malvern Tramways Trust 6398:Battery trams of the British Isles 4871: 4826:2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) 4667: 4528:2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) 4508:3.5 m (11 ft 6 in) 4379: 4141: 4092:Change to numerical classification 4013:were replaced experimentally with 3586:Type H (later, 300 Series) details 3517: 3259: 2910: 2743: 2513: 2210: 1994: 1858: 1814:Type B conversions to Type A2 1704: 1415: 1010: 961:A chronological listing is in the 859:In 1913 the MTT had developed its 186: 130: 14: 8966: 8940:Tram transport in South Australia 8545:List of railway lines in Adelaide 7856:Novak, Lauren (10 January 2008). 7045:. No. 258. pp. 3 to 14. 6517:Municipal Tramways Trust (1974). 5350:Glossop High School, Glossop, SA 5311:Operational, in regular service. 5283:Stored. Not publicly accessible. 5255:Operational, in regular service. 5199:Operational, in regular service. 5171:Operational, in regular service. 5129:Operational, in regular service. 5102:Operational, in regular service. 2037:in 1922, followed by its variant 1397:Type B conversion to Type A2 941:A confusing classification system 887:-style high-speed (for the time) 836:, who subsequently built 20 324: 8650:denotes services yet to commence 8285: 8259: 8205: 8179: 8156: 8130: 8118:. Portland Cable Trams Inc. 2024 8108: 8085: 8059: 8033: 8006: 7992: 7966: 7940: 7904: 7868: 7849: 7834: 7816: 7784: 7769: 7754: 7729: 7700: 7607:Over the viaduct to Henley Beach 6046: 6036: 6027: 6002: 5993: 5749:the successful tenderer for the 5653:Later classified as Type E. 4836:Alstom Arpège, rigidly attached 4055:trams, which would be narrower. 4033:roller bearings fitted to their 1840:back into single car operation. 98:Tramway Museum, Saint Kilda 8293:"What Tailem Town has to offer" 7780:. News Corporation. p. 11. 7640: 7613: 7598: 7575: 7562: 7549: 7545:. News Corporation. p. 30. 7534: 7519: 7493: 7421: 7398: 7389: 7380: 7365: 7332: 7306: 7280: 7271: 7243: 7234: 7194: 7180: 7155: 7133: 7111: 7049: 7008: 6922: 6896: 6864: 6808: 6697:. Parliament of South Australia 6695:"Parliament of South Australia" 6596: 6573: 6550: 6471: 6439: 6414: 5979: 5969: 5958:trams and they were trucked to 5951: 5942: 5933: 5902: 5887: 5878: 5869: 5860: 5821: 5782: 5757: 5742: 5733: 5723: 5713: 5704: 5695: 5669: 5664:Australian Bureau of Statistics 5656: 5647: 5637: 5627: 5580: 5558: 5549: 5540: 5531: 5522: 5504: 5483: 5462: 5452: 5443: 5428: 5419: 5410: 4656:200 Series (Alstom Citadis 302) 4053:100 Series Flexity Classic 3955:A. Pengelly & Co. 3546:, whose starting point was the 2616:A. Pengelly & Co. 2325:A. Pengelly & Co. 676:"Glenelg tram", "Bay tram" 308:overhead-powered electric trams 285:A battery tram trialled in 1889 8919:Victor Harbor Horse Drawn Tram 8889:Perth Electric Tramway Society 8271:Perth Electric Tramway Society 7948:"Rolling stock, Citadis range" 7841:"Modifications to beat heat". 7765:. News Corporation. p. 3. 7653:. Adelaide: Government Printer 7526:"Adelaide's restaurant tram". 6325: 6012:, of which 17 were built, and 5679:, which then sold them to the 5528:Reduced to 64 / 94 about 1990. 4009:During the 1930s, five trams' 4005:Modifications and refurbishing 2996:84 (Type F: 50; Type F1: 34). 2386:2.2356 m (7.335 ft) 2232:instead of a fixed four-wheel 168: 1: 7572:issue 352 February 2018 p. 19 6370:The South Australian Register 6333:"The electric tramway system" 6075: 5788:Angas Street depot location: 5567:Type B conversions to Type A1 4960:Adelaide Entertainment Centre 4642:Adelaide Entertainment Centre 4250:3.400 m (11.15 ft) 3709:(MCB pattern), fabricated by 3681:2.692 m (8.83 ft) 3647:3.597 m (11.80 ft) 3388:8.547 m (28.04 ft) 3364:3.092 m (10.14 ft) 2732:Type E conversions to Type E1 1847:Type B conversions to Type A2 1693:Type B conversions to Type A1 1559:3.293 m (10.80 ft) 1462:Introduced concurrently with 1157:3.290 m (10.79 ft) 1060:Introduced concurrently with 972:trams were designated as the 8945:Town tramway systems by city 8345:Public transport in Adelaide 7626:Museums Victoria Collections 6292:Steele, Christopher (1981). 6262:Chantrell, David C. (2010). 5988:Municipal Tramways Trust Act 4230:184, of whom 52 were seated 4164:, it remains one of a kind. 4026: 3567: 3412:2.375 m (7.79 ft) 2832:152, of whom 49 were seated 2772: 2667:2.236 m (7.34 ft) 2627:152, of whom 54 were seated 2100:102, of whom 40 were seated 2038: 1937:101, of whom 40 were seated 1783:101, of whom 40 were seated 1539:102, of whom 50 were seated 1371:electromagnetic track brakes 1137:101, of whom 40 were seated 893: 724: 697: 7: 8045:The Tramway Museum St Kilda 6604:"Alstom Citadis for Madrid" 6538:. Bombardier Transportation 6447:"Terrible railway accident" 6400:. Sutherland: Adam Gordon. 6365:"Electric cars in Adelaide" 6268:Duncan & Fraser Limited 6021: 6017: 5913:and reverted to 351 in 1979 5827:Glengowrie depot location: 5683:in 1916. In 1920, when the 5435: 5210:Bendigo Tramways, Victoria 4892:is one model in a range of 4720: 4436: 4220:J.A. Lawton & Sons Ltd 4184: 3993: 3581: 3344:50, of whom 32 were seated 3298: 3284: 2962: 2948: 2786: 2768: 2573: 2547: 2543: 2282: 2268: 2052: 2034: 1901: 1887: 1883: 1832: 1828: 1747: 1733: 1729: 1485: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1391:, see the sections headed " 1083: 1069: 1065: 1061: 981: 934: 904:, the geographic centre of 873: 869: 865: 849: 837: 821: 641: 562: 479: 454: 423: 396: 275:South Australian government 219: 215: 107:This article describes the 10: 8971: 8904:Tasmanian Transport Museum 7318:Connecticut Trolley Museum 6990:Wheaton, Roger T. (1975). 4952:worldwide financial crisis 4856:120 kW (160 hp) 4610:A 360 degree interior view 4588:Bombardier Flexity Classic 4558:105 kW (141 hp) 4399:Bombardier Flexity Classic 4129: 3960:Commonwealth Steel Company 3506:Type H (later, 300 Series) 2431:Nos. 121–125 and 191–194: 926:second series of new trams 842:A. Pengelly & Co. 172: 8849: 8774: 8743: 8702: 8695: 8645: 8624: 8597: 8576: 8562: 8537: 8511: 8468: 8454: 8434: 8396: 8382: 8351: 8267:"PETS Tramcar Collection" 7715:Bombardier Transportation 7681:Bombardier Transportation 6903:Froud, Lorna (May 2002). 6872:"End of petrol rationing" 6421:Chantrell, David (2008). 6338:The Sydney Morning Herald 6319:The Commonwealth Engineer 6264:"A brief company history" 5437:Adelaide trams in museums 5378:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5364:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5266:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5224:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5196:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5182:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5168:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5154:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5140:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5126:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5099:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5085:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5071:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5024: 4723: 4473:Bombardier Transportation 4439: 4403:Bombardier Transportation 4363:Trams of the 21st century 4187: 4039:State Transport Authority 3804: 3627:170, including 64 seated 3584: 3301: 3247: 2965: 2899:Type F and its variant F1 2789: 2614:assembled in Adelaide by 2576: 2501: 2347:Nos. 121–125 and 191–194: 2323:assembled in Adelaide by 2285: 2198: 2055: 1982: 1904: 1750: 1526:assembled in Adelaide by 1488: 1466:. Next types acquired: 1403: 1124:assembled in Adelaide by 1086: 1064:. Next types acquired: 998: 937: 928:went into service as the 864:from extended routes, 20 807:Trams of the 20th century 345: 71:State Transport Authority 8914:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 8637:Trolleybuses in Adelaide 8071:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 8067:"South Australian trams" 7559:issue 341 May 2015 p. 22 7505:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 7372:Goodman, W.G.T. (1909). 6670:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 6666:"South Australian Trams" 6238:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5964:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5928:367: became 352 in 2013. 5537:From Type E total of 20. 5517:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5501:From Type B total of 30. 5403: 5339:Outdoor static display. 5027:Preserved Adelaide trams 5019:in the following panel. 5011:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 5005:Preserved Adelaide trams 4772:132 standing, 54 seated 4637:Adelaide railway station 4328:48 kW (64 hp) 4162:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 3889:North American influence 3559:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 3456:19 kW (25 hp) 3241:Municipal Tramways Trust 3201:Morphettville Racecourse 3140:37 kW (50 hp) 2862:48 kW (64 hp) 2701:37 kW (50 hp) 2438:37 kW (50 hp) 2170:37 kW (50 hp) 1723:coach-building company. 1623:25 kW (34 hp) 1241:Tramway Museum, St Kilda 1221:25 kW (34 hp) 1030:Municipal Tramways Trust 834:Duncan & Fraser 484:Bogie closed combination 332:Municipal Tramways Trust 279:Municipal Tramways Trust 89:Trolleybuses in Adelaide 8955:Light rail in Australia 8869:Brisbane Tramway Museum 8859:Ballarat Tramway Museum 8245:Tramway Heritage Centre 8213:"Sydney Tramway Museum" 7620:Gay, Catherine (2017). 7605:Smith, Neville (1997). 7093:"How much is it worth?" 6909:Australian War Memorial 6765:Andrews, Brian (2014). 5925:363: became 361 in 1971 5681:Hawthorn Tramways Trust 5115:Indoor static display. 4792:3.6 m (11 ft 4488:91 standing, 64 seated 4298: in (2.60 m) 4022:work was discontinued. 3998:J.G. Brill Company 3807:Source: Andrews (2014), 3480:J.G. Brill Company 3135:30 kW (40 hp) 3130:37 kW (50 hp) 3125:30 kW (40 hp) 3101:Commonwealth Steel 2713:J.G. Brill Company 2610:J.G. Brill Company 2568:J.G. Brill Company 2478:maximum traction trucks 2433:48 kW (64 hp) 2319:J.G. Brill Company 1522:J.G. Brill Company 1120:J.G. Brill Company 910:Moseley Square, Glenelg 889:end-loading saloon tram 826:J.G. Brill Company 256:John Stephenson Company 248:Duncan & Fraser Ltd 175:Horse trams in Adelaide 24:about trams in Adelaide 22:Links to other articles 8116:"Portland Cable Trams" 8019:The Independent Weekly 7162:Prentice, Bob (2016). 6825:. 1913. Archived from 6816:"Brill No. 21-E truck" 5922:361 became 363 in 1971 5919:354 became 366 in 1968 5916:353 became 377 in 1968 5588:University of Adelaide 5252:Sydney Tramway Museum 4885: 4877: 4846:4 × Alstom 4-HGA-1433 4672: 4622: 4579: 4384: 4355:, with bus operation. 4339: 4146: 4088: 3988: 3946: 3928: 3919:A memorable experience 3841: 3829: 3522: 3475: 3467: 3264: 3225: 3180: 3172: 3163: 2967:Types F and F1 details 2915: 2883: 2822:MTT Hackney Workshops 2771:. Next type acquired: 2748: 2571: 2518: 2453: 2215: 2181: 1999: 1968: 1947:MTT Hackney Workshops 1886:. Next type acquired: 1863: 1824: 1732:. Next type acquired: 1709: 1647: 1639: 1420: 1313: 1301:the work was moved to 1247: 1232: 1015: 917:new generation of tram 883:, the MTT designed an 817: 515:California combination 459:Bogie open combination 401:California combination 294: 239: 191: 136: 109:tram types in Adelaide 104: 8950:Transport in Adelaide 8899:Sydney Tramway Museum 8217:Sydney Tramway Museum 6396:Voice, David (2013). 4883: 4876:Citadis 302 interior. 4875: 4671: 4612: 4577: 4548:4 × VEM DKCBZ 0211-4 4383: 4337: 4145: 4085:Sydney Tramway Museum 4078: 3985: 3941: 3926: 3835: 3820: 3521: 3473: 3465: 3263: 3216: 3178: 3169: 3157: 2914: 2881: 2747: 2565: 2517: 2452:, 25 April 1956. 2447: 2214: 2179: 1998: 1966: 1862: 1822: 1708: 1645: 1632: 1419: 1389:Types A1 and A2 trams 1311: 1238: 1230: 1014: 814: 292: 246:An Adelaide company, 237: 190: 134: 95:A related article is 26: 7892:on 21 September 2015 7292:The Internet Archive 7251:"Railway to Glenelg" 7164:Tramway by the river 7097:Thom Blake Historian 7091:Blake, Thom (2019). 6992:Destination Paradise 6790:Wilson, Tom (2021). 6270:. David C. Chantrell 5846:34.9783°S 138.5373°E 5807:34.9299°S 138.6010°E 5773:Metropolitan-Vickers 5515:donated them to the 4421:Next type acquired: 4169:Next type acquired: 3978:A design shortcoming 3840:terminus about 1930. 3725:Dick, Kerr & Co. 3711:Bradford Kendall Ltd 3566:Next type acquired: 3283:Next type acquired: 2947:Next type acquired: 2267:Next type acquired: 2033:Next type acquired: 986:(Alstom Citadis 302) 848:, assembled 50 more 8894:Portland Cable Tram 8874:Hawthorn tram depot 8589:Proposed extensions 7864:. News Corporation. 7208:on 27 November 2020 6877:The West Australian 5842: / 5803: / 5609: / 5416:In revenue service. 5263:360, 362, 364, 365 4898:light rail vehicles 4603:Transport Company. 4308:Commonwealth Steel 3755:air brake equipment 3334:J.G. Brill Company 2089:Duncan & Fraser 1794:Duncan & Fraser 1678:and 3 as 1528:Duncan & Fraser 1271:Duncan & Fraser 1126:Duncan & Fraser 881:private reservation 673:(later, 300 Series) 315:Duncan & Fraser 8689:Trams in Australia 8138:"Bendigo Tramways" 7628:. Museums Victoria 6936:. 29 February 1908 6609:. Alstom Transport 6294:The Burnside lines 5851:-34.9783; 138.5373 5812:-34.9299; 138.6010 5689:W class trams 5613:34.920°S 138.606°E 5459:space.</ref> 4886: 4878: 4725:200 Series details 4673: 4580: 4441:100 Series details 4385: 4340: 4147: 4089: 3994:Birney safety cars 3989: 3972:Tomlinson couplers 3929: 3906:cars operating in 3852:at 600 volts 3842: 3830: 3776:Pantographs (1986) 3707:Commonwealth Steel 3570:prototype in 1953. 3523: 3476: 3468: 3265: 3181: 3173: 3164: 2916: 2884: 2775:prototype in 1953. 2749: 2572: 2542:Next types built: 2519: 2454: 2216: 2182: 2000: 1969: 1864: 1825: 1710: 1660:Kensington Gardens 1648: 1640: 1421: 1314: 1295:Jubilee Exhibition 1248: 1233: 1016: 872:types. Four Brill 866:four-wheeled trams 818: 766:N/a (15 in service 569:"Bouncing Billies" 295: 240: 192: 137: 8927: 8926: 8845: 8844: 8655: 8654: 8620: 8619: 8558: 8557: 8450: 8449: 8002:. 27 August 2007. 7568:"Here and there" 7555:"Here and there" 6934:Texarkana Gazette 6054:Glenelg tram line 6018:Type B trams 5765:Siemens-Schuckert 5385: 5384: 5294:Bendigo Tramways 4981:King William Road 4970:Preston Workshops 4870: 4869: 4719: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4584:Glenelg tram line 4572: 4571: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4332: 4331: 4183: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4108:bed-and-breakfast 3850:overhead catenary 3815: 3814: 3811: 3580: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3460: 3459: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3144: 3143: 2984:Type F1 variants: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2876: 2875: 2785: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2705: 2704: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2442: 2441: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2174: 2173: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2046: 1961: 1960: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1809: 1808: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1684:Glenelg tram line 1627: 1626: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1225: 1224: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1049:last ran in 1952. 993: 992: 982:"300 Series" 974:"100 Series" 874:lightweight trams 804: 803: 795:N/a (9 in service 731:"The streamliner" 567:"Desert Gold" and 232: 231: 228: 227: 47:Glenelg tram line 31:Trams in Adelaide 8962: 8864:Bendigo Tramways 8700: 8699: 8682: 8675: 8668: 8659: 8658: 8574: 8573: 8567: 8466: 8465: 8459: 8394: 8393: 8387: 8338: 8331: 8324: 8315: 8314: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8263: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8237: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8223: 8209: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8198: 8183: 8177: 8176: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8149: 8142:Bendigo Tramways 8134: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8112: 8106: 8105: 8089: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8063: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8021:. Solstice Media 8010: 8004: 8003: 7996: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7985: 7970: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7944: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7927: 7921:. Archived from 7916: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7891: 7885:. Archived from 7880: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7853: 7847: 7846: 7838: 7832: 7831: 7820: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7804:on 29 March 2018 7803: 7796: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7773: 7767: 7766: 7758: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7741: 7733: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7722: 7712: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7684:. Archived from 7672: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7644: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7617: 7611: 7610: 7602: 7596: 7595: 7579: 7573: 7566: 7560: 7553: 7547: 7546: 7538: 7532: 7531: 7523: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7476: 7467: 7452: 7451: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7402: 7396: 7393: 7387: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7346: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7284: 7278: 7275: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7247: 7241: 7238: 7232: 7231: 7225: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7204:. Archived from 7198: 7192: 7191: 7184: 7178: 7177: 7159: 7153: 7152: 7137: 7131: 7130: 7115: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7088: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7038: 7029: 7028: 7012: 7006: 7005: 6987: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6926: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6868: 6862: 6861: 6851: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6832:on 11 March 2021 6831: 6820: 6812: 6806: 6805: 6787: 6781: 6780: 6762: 6735: 6734: 6716: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6691: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6662: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6608: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6532: 6523: 6522: 6514: 6493: 6492: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6289: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6259: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6230: 6219: 6218: 6200: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6086: 6069: 6050: 6044: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6025: 6006: 6000: 5997: 5991: 5983: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5955: 5949: 5946: 5940: 5937: 5931: 5906: 5900: 5891: 5885: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5867: 5864: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5786: 5780: 5777:English Electric 5761: 5755: 5746: 5740: 5737: 5731: 5727: 5721: 5717: 5711: 5708: 5702: 5699: 5693: 5673: 5667: 5660: 5654: 5651: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5619: 5618:-34.920; 138.606 5614: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5584: 5578: 5562: 5556: 5553: 5547: 5544: 5538: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5520: 5508: 5502: 5499: 5490: 5487: 5481: 5478: 5469: 5466: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5447: 5441: 5439: 5432: 5426: 5423: 5417: 5414: 5032: 5022: 5021: 5000: 4999: 4995: 4992: 4862:Axle arrangement 4805: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4721: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4564:Axle arrangement 4437: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4289: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4185: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4124:tramways museums 3937:City and Glenelg 3869: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3846:Great Depression 3805: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3582: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3417: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3369: 3299: 3256: 3252: 3251: 2963: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2888:Great Depression 2787: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2672: 2574: 2510: 2506: 2505: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2283: 2207: 2203: 2202: 2053: 1991: 1987: 1986: 1902: 1855: 1851: 1850: 1773:17, from Type B 1748: 1701: 1697: 1696: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1486: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1170: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1084: 1007: 1003: 1002: 943: 935: 343: 342: 183: 179: 178: 150:and its suburbs. 126:Second World War 8970: 8969: 8965: 8964: 8963: 8961: 8960: 8959: 8930: 8929: 8928: 8923: 8879:Ida Bay Railway 8851: 8841: 8770: 8739: 8691: 8686: 8656: 8651: 8641: 8616: 8607:Flexity Classic 8593: 8554: 8533: 8507: 8446: 8430: 8424:Torrens Transit 8419:Torrens Connect 8414:Transit Systems 8378: 8347: 8342: 8312: 8311: 8301: 8299: 8297:Old Tailem Town 8291: 8290: 8286: 8276: 8274: 8265: 8264: 8260: 8250: 8248: 8239: 8238: 8231: 8221: 8219: 8211: 8210: 8206: 8196: 8194: 8185: 8184: 8180: 8162: 8161: 8157: 8147: 8145: 8136: 8135: 8131: 8121: 8119: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8091: 8090: 8086: 8076: 8074: 8065: 8064: 8060: 8050: 8048: 8039: 8038: 8034: 8024: 8022: 8011: 8007: 7998: 7997: 7993: 7983: 7981: 7972: 7971: 7967: 7957: 7955: 7946: 7945: 7941: 7931: 7929: 7928:on 27 June 2018 7925: 7914: 7910: 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7889: 7878: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7854: 7850: 7840: 7839: 7835: 7822: 7821: 7817: 7807: 7805: 7801: 7794: 7790: 7789: 7785: 7774: 7770: 7759: 7755: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7734: 7730: 7720: 7718: 7710: 7706: 7705: 7701: 7691: 7689: 7688:on 27 July 2018 7674: 7673: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7645: 7641: 7631: 7629: 7618: 7614: 7603: 7599: 7580: 7576: 7567: 7563: 7554: 7550: 7539: 7535: 7525: 7524: 7520: 7510: 7508: 7499: 7498: 7494: 7484: 7482: 7474: 7468: 7455: 7440: 7426: 7422: 7403: 7399: 7394: 7390: 7385: 7381: 7370: 7366: 7359: 7337: 7333: 7323: 7321: 7312: 7311: 7307: 7297: 7295: 7286: 7285: 7281: 7276: 7272: 7262: 7260: 7249: 7248: 7244: 7239: 7235: 7219: 7218: 7211: 7209: 7202:"Archived copy" 7200: 7199: 7195: 7186: 7185: 7181: 7174: 7160: 7156: 7139: 7138: 7134: 7117: 7116: 7112: 7102: 7100: 7089: 7082: 7072: 7070: 7055: 7054: 7050: 7039: 7032: 7013: 7009: 7002: 6988: 6949: 6939: 6937: 6928: 6927: 6923: 6913: 6911: 6901: 6897: 6887: 6885: 6870: 6869: 6865: 6853: 6852: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6818: 6814: 6813: 6809: 6802: 6788: 6784: 6777: 6763: 6738: 6731: 6717: 6710: 6700: 6698: 6693: 6692: 6685: 6675: 6673: 6664: 6663: 6622: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6597: 6578: 6574: 6556: 6555: 6551: 6541: 6539: 6534: 6533: 6526: 6515: 6496: 6489: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6462: 6460: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6433: 6419: 6415: 6408: 6394: 6390: 6380: 6378: 6363: 6362: 6358: 6348: 6346: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6315: 6311: 6304: 6290: 6283: 6273: 6271: 6260: 6253: 6243: 6241: 6232: 6231: 6222: 6215: 6201: 6110: 6100: 6098: 6087: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6072: 6051: 6047: 6041: 6037: 6032: 6028: 6007: 6003: 5998: 5994: 5984: 5980: 5976:have reported". 5974: 5970: 5956: 5952: 5947: 5943: 5938: 5934: 5912: 5907: 5903: 5892: 5888: 5883: 5879: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5861: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5783: 5762: 5758: 5747: 5743: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5724: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5705: 5700: 5696: 5674: 5670: 5661: 5657: 5652: 5648: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5628: 5617: 5615: 5611: 5608: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5585: 5581: 5563: 5559: 5554: 5550: 5545: 5541: 5536: 5532: 5527: 5523: 5509: 5505: 5500: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5479: 5472: 5467: 5463: 5457: 5453: 5448: 5444: 5433: 5429: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5411: 5406: 5396: 5030: 5029: 5018: 5007: 4997: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4946:for service in 4894:low-floor trams 4802: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4706: 4705: 4658: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4418: 4417: 4370: 4365: 4294: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4260: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4189:Type H1 details 4166: 4165: 4132: 4114:classroom in a 3866: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3838:Victoria Square 3808: 3786:Seat mechanisms 3766: 3754: 3719:Traction motors 3691: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3563: 3562: 3508: 3422: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3374: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3280: 3279: 3250: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3118:Power per motor 3096: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3010: 3007:Types F and F1: 2982: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2932: 2901: 2791:Type E1 details 2767:Converted from 2764: 2763: 2734: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2613: 2539: 2538: 2504: 2434: 2426:Power per motor 2396: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2355: 2350: 2322: 2264: 2263: 2201: 2030: 2029: 1985: 1927:3, from Type B 1906:Type A2 details 1882:Converted from 1879: 1878: 1849: 1752:Type A1 details 1728:Converted from 1725: 1724: 1695: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1525: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1406: 1245:South Australia 1167: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1123: 1057: 1056: 1050: 1001: 980:was changed to 949: 944: 939: 938: 930:200 Series 922:100 Series 902:Victoria Square 854:First World War 822:inaugural trams 809: 796: 777: 767: 763: 727: 707: 700: 689: 672: 617: 568: 545: 538: 518: 511: 500: 492: 488: 429: 428:Open crossbench 408: 388: 386:crush load 384: 380: 375: 370: 366: 359: 357: 351: 346: 339: 327: 287: 252:Franklin Street 211: 210: 177: 171: 121: 115: 105: 103: 102: 94: 53:Horse trams era 37: 35: 25: 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8968: 8958: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8855: 8853: 8850:Heritage & 8847: 8846: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8778: 8776: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8766:Sunshine Coast 8763: 8758: 8753: 8747: 8745: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8706: 8704: 8697: 8693: 8692: 8685: 8684: 8677: 8670: 8662: 8653: 8652: 8646: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8639: 8634: 8628: 8626: 8622: 8621: 8618: 8617: 8615: 8614: 8609: 8603: 8601: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8580: 8578: 8571: 8560: 8559: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8552: 8547: 8541: 8539: 8538:Infrastructure 8535: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8515: 8513: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8505: 8496: 8483: 8478: 8472: 8470: 8463: 8452: 8451: 8448: 8447: 8445: 8444: 8438: 8436: 8435:Infrastructure 8432: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8426: 8421: 8411: 8406: 8400: 8398: 8391: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8374: 8360: 8357:Adelaide Metro 8352: 8349: 8348: 8341: 8340: 8333: 8326: 8318: 8310: 8309: 8284: 8258: 8229: 8204: 8178: 8155: 8129: 8107: 8084: 8058: 8032: 8005: 7991: 7965: 7939: 7903: 7867: 7862:The Advertiser 7848: 7843:The Advertiser 7833: 7815: 7783: 7778:The Advertiser 7768: 7763:The Advertiser 7753: 7728: 7717:. January 2018 7699: 7664: 7639: 7612: 7597: 7574: 7561: 7548: 7543:The Advertiser 7533: 7518: 7492: 7453: 7438: 7420: 7397: 7388: 7379: 7364: 7357: 7331: 7305: 7279: 7270: 7242: 7233: 7193: 7179: 7172: 7154: 7132: 7110: 7080: 7057:"The tramways" 7048: 7030: 7007: 7000: 6947: 6921: 6895: 6863: 6843: 6807: 6800: 6782: 6775: 6736: 6729: 6708: 6683: 6620: 6595: 6572: 6549: 6524: 6494: 6487: 6470: 6452:The Advertiser 6438: 6431: 6413: 6406: 6388: 6356: 6324: 6309: 6302: 6281: 6251: 6220: 6213: 6108: 6095:SA History Hub 6080: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6045: 6035: 6026: 6001: 5992: 5978: 5968: 5950: 5941: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5901: 5886: 5877: 5868: 5859: 5820: 5781: 5756: 5741: 5732: 5722: 5712: 5703: 5694: 5668: 5655: 5646: 5636: 5626: 5579: 5557: 5548: 5539: 5530: 5521: 5503: 5491: 5482: 5470: 5461: 5451: 5442: 5427: 5418: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5395: 5383: 5382: 5379: 5376: 5373: 5369: 5368: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5327: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5271: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5229: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5187: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5179:244, 264, 282 5177: 5173: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5090: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5080: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5062: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5025: 5017: 5006: 5003: 4868: 4867: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4717: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4682: 4681: 4675: 4674: 4657: 4654: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4608: 4570: 4569: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4433: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4394: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4330: 4329: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4181: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4156: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4131: 4128: 4103: 4102: 4094: 4093: 4061: 4060: 4007: 4006: 3980: 3979: 3951: 3950: 3921: 3920: 3895:W.G.T. Goodman 3891: 3890: 3876:infrastructure 3872:standard gauge 3854:direct current 3822:W.G.T. Goodman 3813: 3812: 3802: 3801: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3768: 3761: 3760: 3757: 3749: 3748: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3578: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3553: 3552: 3544:W.G.T. Goodman 3538: 3537: 3532: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3507: 3504: 3458: 3457: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3303:Type G details 3295: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3274: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3249: 3246: 3160:W.G.T. Goodman 3148:W.G.T. Goodman 3142: 3141: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2934: 2933: 2925: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2900: 2897: 2874: 2873: 2872:As for Type E 2870: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2762:Type E1. 2758: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2733: 2730: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2578:Type E details 2558: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2503: 2500: 2440: 2439: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2402: 2401: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2287:Type D details 2279: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2237: 2225: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2200: 2197: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2066: 2060: 2059: 2057:Type C details 2049: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2017: 2009: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1984: 1981: 1959: 1958: 1957:As for Type B 1955: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1873: 1872: 1866: 1865: 1848: 1845: 1807: 1806: 1805:As for Type B 1803: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1719: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1694: 1691: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1575: 1574: 1557: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1531: 1530: 1519: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1490:Type B details 1482: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1453: 1452: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1423: 1422: 1405: 1402: 1338:North Adelaide 1223: 1222: 1219: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1088:Type A details 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1052: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1035: 1034: 1025: 1024: 1018: 1017: 1000: 997: 991: 990: 946: 945: 870:inaugural tram 820:The MTT's 100 808: 805: 802: 801: 798: 793: 790: 787: 784: 779: 773: 772: 769: 764: 760: 757: 754: 749: 745: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 729: 722: 718: 717: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 695: 691: 690: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 667: 663: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 644: 639: 635: 634: 631: 628: 625: 622: 619: 612: 608: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 592: 587: 583: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 565: 560: 556: 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 533: 529: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 506: 502: 501: 497: 494: 489: 485: 482: 477: 473: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 452: 448: 447: 444: 441: 438: 435: 426: 421: 417: 416: 413: 410: 405: 402: 399: 394: 390: 389: 381: 377: 372: 367: 363: 360: 353: 352: 347: 338: 326: 325:Electric trams 323: 286: 283: 230: 229: 226: 225: 201: 200: 194: 193: 173:Main article: 170: 167: 166: 165: 158: 151: 120: 117: 93: 92: 86: 83:Adelaide Metro 80: 74: 68: 62: 56: 50: 44: 38: 28: 27: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8967: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8935: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8848: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8779: 8777: 8773: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8742: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8683: 8678: 8676: 8671: 8669: 8664: 8663: 8660: 8649: 8644: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8629: 8627: 8623: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8600: 8599:Rolling stock 8596: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8566: 8561: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8536: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8512:Rolling stock 8510: 8504: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8458: 8453: 8443: 8442:O-Bahn Busway 8440: 8439: 8437: 8433: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8386: 8381: 8373: 8372: 8368: 8367: 8366: 8365: 8361: 8359: 8358: 8354: 8353: 8350: 8346: 8339: 8334: 8332: 8327: 8325: 8320: 8319: 8316: 8298: 8294: 8288: 8272: 8268: 8262: 8246: 8242: 8241:"Other trams" 8236: 8234: 8218: 8214: 8208: 8193:. 28 May 2023 8192: 8188: 8182: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8159: 8143: 8139: 8133: 8117: 8111: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8088: 8072: 8068: 8062: 8046: 8042: 8036: 8020: 8016: 8009: 8001: 7995: 7980:. 12 May 2015 7979: 7975: 7969: 7953: 7949: 7943: 7924: 7920: 7913: 7907: 7888: 7884: 7877: 7871: 7863: 7859: 7852: 7844: 7837: 7829: 7825: 7819: 7800: 7793: 7787: 7779: 7772: 7764: 7757: 7742:. VEM Holding 7738: 7732: 7716: 7709: 7703: 7687: 7683: 7682: 7677: 7671: 7669: 7652: 7651: 7643: 7627: 7623: 7616: 7608: 7601: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7578: 7571: 7565: 7558: 7552: 7544: 7537: 7529: 7522: 7506: 7502: 7496: 7480: 7473: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7439:0-486-41247-4 7435: 7431: 7424: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7401: 7392: 7383: 7375: 7368: 7360: 7358:9780804740142 7354: 7350: 7345: 7344: 7335: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7293: 7289: 7283: 7274: 7258: 7257: 7256:Barrier Miner 7252: 7246: 7237: 7229: 7223: 7207: 7203: 7197: 7189: 7183: 7175: 7173:9780975801215 7169: 7165: 7158: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7136: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7114: 7098: 7094: 7087: 7085: 7068: 7064: 7063: 7058: 7052: 7044: 7037: 7035: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7011: 7003: 6997: 6993: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6935: 6931: 6925: 6910: 6906: 6899: 6883: 6879: 6878: 6873: 6867: 6859: 6858: 6850: 6848: 6828: 6824: 6817: 6811: 6803: 6801:9781743058855 6797: 6793: 6786: 6778: 6776:9780646915302 6772: 6768: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6732: 6726: 6722: 6715: 6713: 6696: 6690: 6688: 6671: 6667: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6605: 6599: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6553: 6537: 6531: 6529: 6520: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6490: 6488:0-7243-5299-6 6484: 6480: 6474: 6458: 6454: 6453: 6448: 6442: 6434: 6432:9780646475325 6428: 6424: 6417: 6409: 6407:9781874422853 6403: 6399: 6392: 6376: 6372: 6371: 6366: 6360: 6344: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6328: 6320: 6313: 6305: 6299: 6295: 6288: 6286: 6269: 6265: 6258: 6256: 6239: 6235: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6216: 6214:0-7243-0045-7 6210: 6206: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6096: 6092: 6085: 6081: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6039: 6030: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6005: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5972: 5965: 5961: 5954: 5945: 5936: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5910: 5909: 5905: 5897: 5896:TransAdelaide 5890: 5881: 5872: 5863: 5855: 5824: 5816: 5785: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5752: 5745: 5736: 5726: 5716: 5707: 5698: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5672: 5665: 5659: 5650: 5640: 5630: 5622: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5576: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5561: 5552: 5543: 5534: 5525: 5518: 5514: 5507: 5498: 5496: 5486: 5477: 5475: 5465: 5455: 5446: 5438: 5431: 5422: 5413: 5409: 5401: 5400: 5397: 5393: 5391: 5381:Operational. 5380: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5207:301,302, 304 5206: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5170: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5028: 5023: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5002: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4977:North Terrace 4973: 4971: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4956:TransAdelaide 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4882: 4874: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4843: 4842:No. of motors 4840: 4839: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4762: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4711: 4710: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4653: 4650: 4645: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4631: 4626: 4619: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4576: 4568:Bo′+2′2′+Bo′ 4567: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4551: 4547: 4545: 4544:No. of motors 4542: 4541: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4382: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4360: 4356: 4354: 4348: 4346: 4336: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4315: 4314:No. of motors 4312: 4311: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4163: 4158: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4127: 4125: 4119: 4118:high school. 4117: 4113: 4112:media studies 4109: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4058: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4030: 4028: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4011:trolley poles 4004: 4003: 4002: 3999: 3995: 3987:this feature. 3984: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3925: 3918: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3908:North America 3905: 3900: 3896: 3888: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3839: 3834: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3810: 3809:p. 54 et seq. 3803: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3756: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3734: 3733:No. of motors 3731: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3610: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3560: 3555: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3492: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3472: 3464: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3443: 3442:No. of motors 3440: 3439: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3405: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3245: 3243: 3242: 3236: 3232: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3204: 3202: 3197: 3195: 3189: 3186: 3177: 3168: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3149: 3139: 3138:Nos. 263–284: 3134: 3133:Nos. 251–262: 3129: 3128:Nos. 226–250: 3124: 3123:Nos. 201–225: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3109: 3108:No. of motors 3106: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3098:Nos. 263–284: 3094: 3093:Nos. 201–262: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3050:Nos. 263–284: 3046: 3045:Nos. 251–262: 3041: 3040:Nos. 226–250: 3036: 3035:Nos. 201–225: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2889: 2880: 2871: 2869: 2868:Other details 2866: 2865: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2849: 2848:No. of motors 2846: 2845: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2760: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2709: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2684: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2569: 2564: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2546:in 1911 then 2545: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2488: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2468: 2462: 2460: 2451: 2446: 2437: 2436:Nos. 126–170: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2419: 2417: 2416:No. of motors 2414: 2413: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2353: 2352:Nos. 126–170: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2326: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2245: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2196: 2193: 2188: 2178: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2157: 2156:No. of motors 2154: 2153: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2011: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2003: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1980: 1976: 1973: 1965: 1956: 1954: 1953:Other details 1951: 1950: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1892: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1821: 1817: 1815: 1804: 1802: 1801:Other details 1799: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1676:Types A1 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1644: 1636: 1635:Glenelg R'l'y 1631: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1610: 1609:No. of motors 1607: 1606: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1432: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1409: 1401: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1358:Port Adelaide 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1310: 1306: 1304: 1303:Hackney Depot 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1267: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1229: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1207:No. of motors 1205: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1085: 1074: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1054: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1004: 996: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 966: 964: 959: 957: 948: 947: 942: 936: 933: 931: 927: 923: 918: 913: 911: 907: 903: 897: 895: 890: 886: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 862: 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 813: 799: 794: 791: 788: 785: 783: 780: 775: 774: 770: 765: 761: 758: 755: 753: 750: 747: 746: 742: 739: 736: 733: 730: 726: 723: 720: 719: 715: 712: 709: 706: 703: 699: 696: 693: 692: 687: 684: 681: 678: 675: 671: 668: 665: 664: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 643: 640: 637: 636: 632: 629: 626: 623: 620: 616: 613: 610: 609: 605: 602: 599: 596: 593: 591: 588: 585: 584: 580: 577: 574: 571: 566: 564: 561: 558: 557: 553: 550: 547: 544: 541: 537: 534: 531: 530: 526: 523: 520: 517: 514: 510: 507: 504: 503: 498: 495: 490: 486: 483: 481: 478: 475: 474: 470: 467: 464: 461: 458: 456: 453: 450: 449: 445: 442: 439: 436: 433: 427: 425: 422: 419: 418: 414: 411: 406: 403: 400: 398: 395: 392: 391: 387: 382: 378: 373: 368: 364: 361: 355: 354: 350: 344: 341: 335: 333: 322: 320: 316: 311: 309: 305: 301: 291: 282: 280: 276: 271: 267: 265: 261: 260:New York City 257: 253: 249: 244: 236: 224: 223: 221: 217: 209: 203: 202: 199: 196: 195: 189: 185: 184: 180: 176: 162: 159: 155: 152: 149: 148:city's centre 145: 142: 141: 140: 133: 129: 127: 116: 113: 110: 100: 99: 90: 87: 84: 81: 78: 77:TransAdelaide 75: 72: 69: 66: 63: 60: 57: 54: 51: 48: 45: 43: 40: 39: 33: 32: 19: 8647: 8598: 8486:Outer Harbor 8369: 8362: 8355: 8300:. Retrieved 8296: 8287: 8275:. Retrieved 8270: 8261: 8249:. Retrieved 8244: 8220:. Retrieved 8216: 8207: 8195:. Retrieved 8190: 8181: 8165:Trolley Wire 8164: 8163:"St Kilda". 8158: 8146:. Retrieved 8141: 8132: 8120:. Retrieved 8110: 8094:Trolley Wire 8093: 8092:"St Kilda". 8087: 8075:. Retrieved 8070: 8061: 8049:. Retrieved 8044: 8035: 8023:. Retrieved 8018: 8008: 7994: 7982:. Retrieved 7977: 7968: 7956:. Retrieved 7951: 7942: 7930:. Retrieved 7923:the original 7906: 7894:. Retrieved 7887:the original 7870: 7861: 7851: 7842: 7836: 7827: 7818: 7806:. Retrieved 7799:the original 7786: 7777: 7771: 7762: 7756: 7744:. Retrieved 7731: 7719:. Retrieved 7702: 7690:. Retrieved 7686:the original 7679: 7655:. Retrieved 7649: 7642: 7630:. Retrieved 7625: 7615: 7606: 7600: 7584:Trolley Wire 7583: 7577: 7570:Trolley Wire 7569: 7564: 7557:Trolley Wire 7556: 7551: 7542: 7536: 7528:Trolley Wire 7527: 7521: 7509:. Retrieved 7504: 7495: 7483:. Retrieved 7478: 7429: 7423: 7406: 7400: 7391: 7382: 7373: 7367: 7342: 7334: 7322:. Retrieved 7317: 7308: 7296:. Retrieved 7291: 7282: 7273: 7261:. Retrieved 7254: 7245: 7236: 7210:. Retrieved 7206:the original 7196: 7187: 7182: 7163: 7157: 7140: 7135: 7118: 7113: 7101:. Retrieved 7099:. Thom Blake 7096: 7071:. Retrieved 7062:The Register 7060: 7051: 7043:Trolley Wire 7042: 7016: 7010: 6991: 6938:. Retrieved 6933: 6924: 6912:. Retrieved 6908: 6898: 6886:. Retrieved 6875: 6866: 6855: 6834:. Retrieved 6827:the original 6822: 6810: 6791: 6785: 6766: 6720: 6699:. Retrieved 6674:. Retrieved 6669: 6611:. Retrieved 6598: 6582:Trolley Wire 6581: 6575: 6559:Trolley Wire 6558: 6557:"St Kilda". 6552: 6540:. Retrieved 6518: 6478: 6473: 6461:. Retrieved 6450: 6441: 6422: 6416: 6397: 6391: 6379:. Retrieved 6368: 6359: 6347:. Retrieved 6336: 6327: 6318: 6312: 6293: 6272:. Retrieved 6267: 6242:. Retrieved 6237: 6204: 6099:. Retrieved 6094: 6084: 6066:trolley pole 6048: 6038: 6029: 6014:Type A2 6010:Type A1 6004: 5995: 5987: 5981: 5971: 5953: 5944: 5935: 5904: 5889: 5880: 5871: 5862: 5823: 5784: 5759: 5751:Type F1 5744: 5735: 5725: 5715: 5706: 5697: 5671: 5658: 5649: 5639: 5629: 5582: 5571: 5565: 5560: 5551: 5542: 5533: 5524: 5506: 5485: 5464: 5454: 5445: 5430: 5421: 5412: 5398: 5387: 5386: 5026: 5015: 5008: 4985: 4974: 4967: 4964: 4944:Metro Ligero 4938: 4914:Valenciennes 4910:Reichshoffen 4889: 4887: 4861: 4851: 4841: 4831: 4821: 4811: 4787: 4777: 4767: 4751: 4741: 4731: 4724: 4708: 4707: 4702: 4695:Metro Ligero 4678: 4646: 4634: 4627: 4624: 4605: 4581: 4563: 4553: 4543: 4533: 4523: 4513: 4503: 4493: 4483: 4467: 4457: 4447: 4440: 4420: 4419: 4414: 4390: 4357: 4353:Glenelg line 4349: 4341: 4323: 4313: 4303: 4279: 4269: 4245: 4235: 4225: 4215: 4205: 4195: 4188: 4168: 4167: 4152: 4120: 4104: 4095: 4070: 4062: 4050: 4047: 4043:Regency Park 4031: 4024: 4008: 3990: 3968: 3952: 3949:Construction 3942: 3936: 3933:Holdfast Bay 3930: 3912:right-of-way 3892: 3880: 3878:installed. 3843: 3806: 3795: 3785: 3775: 3764: 3752: 3742: 3732: 3718: 3700: 3676: 3666: 3642: 3632: 3622: 3612: 3602: 3592: 3585: 3565: 3564: 3528: 3493: 3484:Philadelphia 3477: 3451: 3441: 3431: 3407: 3383: 3359: 3349: 3339: 3329: 3319: 3309: 3302: 3282: 3281: 3270: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3229:Glenelg line 3226: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3198: 3190: 3182: 3145: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3107: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3077: 3067: 3057: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3019: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2991: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2966: 2946: 2945: 2939: 2928: 2921: 2893: 2885: 2867: 2857: 2847: 2837: 2827: 2817: 2807: 2797: 2790: 2766: 2765: 2754: 2727: 2723:Type E1 2720: 2717: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2686: 2662: 2652: 2642: 2632: 2622: 2604: 2594: 2584: 2577: 2541: 2540: 2524: 2497: 2489: 2482: 2475: 2471: 2467:The Register 2466: 2463: 2455: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2415: 2405: 2381: 2371: 2361: 2354:16.05 tonnes 2351: 2346: 2341: 2331: 2313: 2303: 2293: 2286: 2266: 2265: 2221: 2183: 2165: 2155: 2145: 2135: 2125: 2115: 2105: 2095: 2083: 2073: 2063: 2056: 2032: 2031: 2013: 2012: 2005: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1952: 1942: 1932: 1922: 1912: 1905: 1881: 1880: 1869: 1842: 1838: 1826: 1810: 1800: 1788: 1778: 1768: 1758: 1751: 1727: 1726: 1715: 1688: 1672: 1664:Henley Beach 1657: 1649: 1634: 1618: 1608: 1598: 1588: 1578: 1554: 1544: 1534: 1516: 1506: 1496: 1489: 1470:in 1910 and 1461: 1460: 1445:Type A2 1441:Type A1 1426: 1388: 1386: 1385: 1382: 1375: 1367: 1322:Marryatville 1315: 1268: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1216: 1206: 1196: 1186: 1176: 1152: 1142: 1132: 1114: 1104: 1094: 1087: 1068:in 1910 and 1059: 1058: 1021: 994: 967: 960: 955: 952: 940: 914: 898: 878: 861:first design 858: 830:Philadelphia 819: 704:Bogie saloon 362:Designation 348: 336: 328: 319:Henley Beach 312: 296: 272: 268: 245: 241: 213: 212: 206: 197: 160: 153: 143: 138: 122: 114: 108: 106: 96: 91:(1937–1963). 29: 18: 8832:Rockhampton 8612:Citadis 302 8277:10 November 6613:21 December 6022:Type A 5849: / 5837:138°32′14″E 5810: / 5798:138°36′04″E 5616: / 5604:138°36′22″E 5399:to open it. 4906:La Rochelle 4890:Citadis 302 4866:Bo′+2′+Bo′ 4852:Power/motor 4736:2009, 2017 4687:Citadis 302 4679:At a glance 4554:Power/motor 4452:2006, 2008 4391:At a glance 4324:Power/motor 4264: ins) 4153:At a glance 4015:pantographs 3753:Control and 3743:Power/motor 3695: ins) 3661: ins) 3529:At a glance 3452:Power/motor 3436:Brill 79E1 3426: ins) 3402: ins) 3378: ins) 3271:At a glance 3095:Brill 77E2 2922:At a glance 2858:Power/motor 2808:No. rebuilt 2755:At a glance 2697:Power/motor 2525:At a glance 2222:At a glance 2192:Desert Gold 2166:Power/motor 2006:At a glance 1923:No. rebuilt 1870:At a glance 1833:Type C 1829:Type A 1769:No. rebuilt 1716:At a glance 1653:toast racks 1619:Power/motor 1573: ins) 1427:At a glance 1334:Walkerville 1217:Power/motor 1022:At a glance 978:Type H 850:Brill trams 846:Edwardstown 797:as at 2018) 768:as at 2018) 728:(prototype) 383:Seating and 306:introduced 266:from 1897. 198:At a glance 169:Horse trams 79:(1994–2010) 73:(1975–1994) 67:(1907–1950) 61:(1907–1975) 55:(1878–1914) 8934:Categories 8817:Launceston 8812:Kalgoorlie 8761:Rockingham 8720:Gold Coast 8041:"About us" 7978:Alstom.com 7721:5 November 7017:Catchpoint 7001:0909459029 6730:0959362401 6303:0909459088 6076:References 6062:pantograph 5834:34°58′42″S 5795:34°55′48″S 5601:34°55′12″S 5592:Law School 4832:Truck type 4806: in) 4768:Crush load 4732:Introduced 4534:Truck type 4484:Crush load 4448:Introduced 4423:200 Series 4411:light rail 4345:prototypes 4304:Truck type 4284:8 ft 4226:Crush load 4196:Introduced 4171:100 Series 4101:Withdrawal 4065:tuscan-red 3904:interurban 3826:interurban 3780:Austbreck 3723:As built: 3705:Frames by 3701:Truck type 3623:Crush load 3593:Introduced 3548:interurban 3432:Truck type 3340:Crush load 3310:Introduced 3208:tuscan-red 3194:underframe 3185:crush load 3088:Truck type 3020:Crush load 2986:1925–1929 2974:Introduced 2828:Crush load 2818:Rebuilt by 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