1004:, a Catholic and former Diệm loyalist, claimed in a 1972 newspaper interview that Khiêm, by then prime minister, had asked him to join the coup. Cao claimed that he declined Khiêm's invitation, mildly mocking him by asking "You're part of the 'Troika' now ... won't you be overthrowing yourself?", and pointing out that a political upheaval in Saigon would be a bad idea because Vietnam was prominent during the ongoing US presidential election campaign and negative publicity could lead to weakening US public and political support for South Vietnam. Khiêm's lack of public action was seen as tacit support for the coup; A US Embassy log during the coup claimed that the Thiệu and Khiêm "seem so passive that they appear to have been either tacitly supporting or associated with his move by Đức and Phát", and that Khiêm had "issued expressions of firm support for Khánh somewhat belatedly", as control was eventually reestablished.
60:
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to Saigon to join in on the action or take over if it became successful. His colleagues had anticipated that the
Americans would give them an aircraft so that Khiêm could return to Vietnam, but second thoughts arose among Taylor and Westmoreland. The two American generals had lost confidence in Khánh, but the pro-Diêm political ideology being expressed by Thảo's supporters on radio alienated them, as they feared that the coup plotters would destabilize and polarize the country if they took power. The US wanted Khánh out, but were worried that Phát and Thảo could galvanize support for the beleaguered Khánh through their extremely divisive pro-Diêm views, which had the potential to provoke large-scale sectarian divisions in South Vietnam. The
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Catholic who had been rapidly promoted by Diêm after converting, he "did not dare to carry out a coup d'etat himself out of fear that the
Buddhists would react strongly against him and accuse him of trying to reestablish the Ngô Regime". Another factor seen as vital in bringing Khánh to the forefront of the coup group was the fact that the US military leadership deemed Khánh more capable than Khiêm and equally likely to work in accordance with US interests. Khánh was highly regarded by Harkins, who thought of him as "the strongest of all corps commanders". According to a CIA assessment, Khánh had been "consistently favorable to U.S. programs and advice".
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the influence of Trí Quang was so great that he could not only turn the majority of the people against the government but could influence the effectiveness of the armed forces". They sought out Taylor and sought a private endorsement for a coup against Khánh, but the US ambassador did not want any more changes in leadership, fearing a corrosive effect on the government. This deterred Khiêm's group from toppling Khánh.
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while Khánh thought that Thảo and Khiêm were plotting against him. Fearing that he would be arrested upon arrival, Thảo attempted to outmanoeuvre Khánh and went underground to plot. In the meantime, Khiêm had been putting pressure on Khánh while serving as his ambassador by charging he and the
Buddhists with seeking a "neutralist solution" and "negotiating with the communists".
1080:; he served there until mid-1968, then returned to Vietnam and served under President Thiệu as Interior Minister for a year before becoming Deputy Prime Minister at the start of 1969. In September 1969 he became prime minister and defense minister, and he stayed in the role until April 1975 when he resigned and left the country as the communists were in the process of
988:, called for the replacement of Khánh with Minh, but the latter refused. Minh reportedly claimed that Khánh was the only one who would get funding from Washington, so they support him, prompting Khiêm to angrily say "Obviously, Khánh is a puppet of the US government, and we are tired of being told by the Americans how we should run our internal affairs".
685:, who had accompanied him to Washington had returned to Saigon and launched a coup with Phát. This was done with Khiêm's support. The coup failed but other officers took the opportunity to force Khánh into exile. Khiêm would return to Vietnam when the political climate among the generals was more favorable and became Prime Minister under President
1027:
decided to have the armed forces take over. On 27 January, he removed Hương in a bloodless coup. Khánh's deposal of Hương nullified a counter-plot involving Hương that had developed during the civil disorders. In an attempt to pre-empt his deposal, Hương had backed a plot led by some Đại Việt-oriented
Catholic officers, including Thiệu and
911:, who had been the head of military security under Diem and had a thorough knowledge of the backgrounds of most of the senior officers and their strengths and weaknesses. The MRC feared Mậu and placed him in the relatively powerless post of Minister of Information. Mậu began to seek out other slighted officers, including Khiêm, Generals
790:, south of Saigon. As the false promises of reform were being aired, Khiêm's men approached the palace grounds. Some of the rebels switched sides as the power balance changed. After a brief but violent battle that killed around 400 people, the coup attempt was crushed. Khiêm was made a brigadier general after serving as the head of the
1072:, and Thi became the most powerful figure in the junta. In the meantime, Thảo and Phát were sentenced to death in absentia. Thao was hunted down and killed in mysterious circumstances by other factions with the military leadership, while Phát evaded capture for a few years before surrendering and receiving a pardon from Thiệu.
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Thảo had planned for Đôn to become
Defense Minister and Chief of Staff of the military, but the Dai Việt insisted on installing the Catholic Khiêm. During the announcement of the coup, Phát and others made pro-Diêm speeches and hardline Catholic statements. By this time, Khiêm was preparing to return
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After more arguing between the senior officers, they agreed on 27 August that Khánh, Minh, and Khiêm would rule as a triumvirate for two months, until a new civilian government could be formed. The trio then brought paratroopers into Saigon to end the rioting. However, the momentum petered out due to
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began their coup attempt, seizing the military headquarters, the post office and radio station. Thảo made a radio announcement stating that he would remove the "dictator" Khánh, and would recall Khiêm to Saigon to lead the junta. Although Khiêm was part of the plot, the timing of Thảo's announcement
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The division among the generals came to a head at a meeting of the MRC on 26/27 August. Khánh claimed the instability was due to troublemaking by members and supporters of the
Catholic-aligned Đại Việt (the Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam), which he accused of putting partisan plotting ahead of
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Both Minh and Đôn were still wary of Khiêm and Đính's loyalty up to the last minute, as both were
Catholics who were favourites of the Ngô family, who had been rewarded for their loyalty not competence. The other generals were still worried that Đính might switch sides and go through with the second
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The US Embassy in Saigon was privately supportive of the aim, but not ready to fully back the move as they regarded it as poorly thought out and potentially a political embarrassment due to the need to use an
American plane to transport some plotters, including Khiêm, between Saigon and Washington.
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supporters, pinpointing Khiêm and Thiệu, both
Catholics who had been favoured by Diêm. Khánh's concessions to the Buddhists sparked opposition from Khiêm and Thiệu, who tried to remove Khánh in favour of Minh, recruiting other officers. Khiêm said "Khánh felt there was no choice but to accept since
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In August 1964, after Khánh decided to take more power for himself by declaring a state of emergency and introducing a new constitution, Buddhists launched protests against the new junta, claiming that there was a plot to revive the Diêm era by predominantly
Catholic groups such as Cần Lao veterans
955:
woke up to find Khiêm's men surrounding their houses and thought it to be a quixotic stunt by some disgruntled young officers, having had no inkling of the plot. Khánh put them under house arrest, later charging them with neutralism. In a morning radio broadcast Khánh said he had conducted the coup
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with tears welling in his red eyes and asked him to keep their conversation confidential. After the III Corps commander agreed, Khiêm claimed he wanted to cancel the coup, saying "Đính, I think we still have time to talk to the old man. I don't want to hurt him. Have pity on him!" Đính contemplated
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By the end of the year, Khánh had prevailed in the power struggle with Khiêm and Minh. He despatched Khiêm to Washington as ambassador, being convinced Khiêm was destabilizing Saigon. In late December 1964, Khánh summoned Thảo back to Saigon. Thảo suspected Khánh was attempting to have him killed,
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and helped launch the full-scale attack at 03:30 on 2 November. At daybreak Thảo's forces stormed the palace, but found it empty; Diêm and Nhu had escaped. A captured loyalist revealed the brothers' hiding place and under the orders of Khiêm, Thảo went after them. Khiêm ordered Thảo to ensure the
1075:
Despite his failure to take power, Khiêm said he was "very happy. I think my objective has been realized." The new junta decided to ignore Khiêm's involvement in the coup and he remained in Washington as the ambassador, with no further action taken. In October 1965 the junta of Kỳ and Thiệu made
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On the night of 29 January, Khiêm ordered troops to assume their positions around Saigon, including armored cars and tanks and some elements from the 5th and 7th Divisions. Khiêm then went to sleep. Khánh headed to the staff headquarters, where he saw that the compound was empty apart from a few
1063:
After a day of chaos, the coup collapsed when, anti-coup forces swept into the city. Whether the rebels were defeated or a deal was struck to end the revolt in exchange for Khánh's removal is disputed, but most believe the latter as the plotters had met Kỳ beforehand and the collapse was rather
1026:
introduced a series of measures to expand the military and war effort by widening the terms of conscription. This provoked widespread anti-Hương demonstrations and riots across the country, mainly from conscription-aged students and pro-negotiations Buddhists. Reliant on Buddhist support, Khánh
918:
As the coup plot began to solidify, Khánh came to the fore of the group. It has been concluded by some analysts that Khiêm – who went on to be Khánh's second in command in terms of real power after the coup was successful – was more pre-eminent during the early phases of the planning, but as a
1039:
By this time the US relationship with Khánh had broken down and the US became more intent on a regime change as Khánh was reliant on Buddhist support, which they saw as an obstacle to an expansion of the war. In the first week of February, Taylor told the leading officers that the US was not
775:, but after surrounding the palace, they stopped attacking and decided to negotiate a power-sharing agreement. Diêm falsely promised reforms, allowing time for his loyalists to come to the rescue. The rebels had failed to seal the highways into the capital to block loyalist reinforcements.
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the situation and said that he would proceed. Khiêm then reported this to Đôn, and claimed that he had placed Chinese medicinal oil into his eyes to irritate and redden them and thus give the appearance he had become remorseful about the coup, in order to test Đính's loyalty to the plot.
673:. In the next few months, the Catholic Khiêm fell out with Khánh whom he accused of being too heavily influenced by Buddhist activists. Khiêm tried to plot against Khánh, but was thwarted. He was implicated in the organization of the September 1964 coup attempt by Generals
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the national interest. Prominent officers associated with the Dai Việt included Thiệu and Khiêm. Khiêm blamed Khánh's concessions to Buddhist activists as the reason for the demonstrations and the rural losses to the communists. Thiệu and another Catholic, General
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part of Nhu's fake coup, and that Khiêm's alleged test on Đính was simply done to deflect suspicion on him. The generals were also concerned they would not have enough forces to overcome the loyalists. During the coup, Thảo commanded some tanks, which surrounded
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on the grounds that it was premature. Thảo was actually a communist double agent whose involvement in the plotting is generally attributed to cause infighting within the ARVN whenever possible. He later joined the main plot, of which Khiêm was part.
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officers. They scheduled the coup for 0400, 30 January. According to the plan, Khiêm's III Corps forces would surround the homes of the sleeping junta members in Saigon while Khánh and a paratrooper unit would occupy the military headquarters at
725:. Khiêm was appointed captain in 1951 and major in July 1954. In 1957, as a colonel, he became a Deputy Chief of General Staff/Logistics and served as acting Chief of Joint General Staff in October. From 1957 to 1958 he attended the
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guards. When he telephoned Khiêm, he found that his co-conspirator had overslept after having forgotten to set his alarm clock. Despite this, by daybreak, Khánh had taken over without a shot being fired. Generals
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supporting Khánh, and they thought that Khiêm was a possible replacement although not among the most preferable. However, the candidates favoured by the Americans fell behind Thảo in their planning.
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After the 1963 coup, the key figures took the choice jobs in the Military Revolutionary Council, and Khiêm was demoted from being Chief of Staff of the armed forces to the commander of the
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the lack of unity in the ruling triumvirate. Khánh dominated the decision-making, sidelining Khiêm and Minh. Khánh blamed Khiêm for organizing a failed coup attempt led by Generals
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As Diêm was known for his ability to outwit coup plotters, those in the plot did not fully trust each other. On the morning of the coup, an emotional Khiêm approached General
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870:, along with Đính and Khiêm, would guarantee their safety. Thơ wrote in his diary afterwards that "I consider myself responsible for having led them to their death".
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caught Khiêm off-guard, asleep in his Maryland home. When informed of what was happening, Khiêm sent a cable pledging "total support" to the plot.
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in the United States, and upon his return, served as 4th Field Division Commander until February 1960. In September, he switched to command the
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Logevall, Fredrik (2006). "The French recognition of China and its implications for the Vietnam War". In Roberts, Priscilla (ed.).
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Khiêm, Khánh and Mậu kept in touch surreptitiously on a regular basis, supplementing their forces with an assortment of
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681:, both Catholics, and was sent into exile to serve as Ambassador to the United States. In February 1965, Colonel
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630:; 15 December 1925 – 24 June 2021) was a South Vietnamese soldier and politician, who served as a General in the
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where the brothers were hiding and brought in a convoy to arrest them. The brothers were subsequently executed
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794:, and was appointed Chief of Staff of the combined armed forces and made a major general in December 1962.
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646:, French Indochina (now Vietnam). During the 1960s, he was involved in several coups. He helped President
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in English-language text. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the
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orderly. Although the coup failed and Khiêm did not return, the Armed Forces Council adopted a vote of
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to military headquarters despite being promised safe exile, apparently on the orders of General
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over South Vietnam. However, he had little power as Thiệu operated virtually one-man rule.
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2513:(1979). "Political Polarization in South Vietnam: U.S. Policy in the Post-Diem Period".
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Death of a Generation: how the assassinations of Diem and JFK prolonged the Vietnam War
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Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America's War in Vietnam, 1950–1963
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2364:(2004). "Political Monks: The Militant Buddhist Movement during the Vietnam War".
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2049:[Former General Trần Thiện Kiêm Passes Away in California at Age 85].
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and was rewarded with a promotion. In 1963, however, he was involved in the
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on 12 July 1947. He became a 1st Lieutenant in June 1948 and served in the
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Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social and Military History
2047:"Cựu Đại Tướng Trần Thiện Khiêm Qua Đời Tại California Hưởng Thọ 95 Tuổi"
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Khiêm was a Roman Catholic with ties to Diêm's older brother, Archbishop
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643:
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2330:"'Only Religions Count in Vietnam': Thich Tri Quang and the Vietnam War"
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Into the Quagmire: Lyndon Johnson and the Escalation of the Vietnam War
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had earlier urged Diêm to surrender, saying he was sure that his uncle
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2022:"Tran Thien Khiem, 95, Dies; a Power in South Vietnam Before Its Fall"
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Behind the bamboo curtain: China, Vietnam, and the world beyond Asia
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The Making of a Quagmire: America and Vietnam during the Kennedy Era
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Abandoning Vietnam: How America Left and South Vietnam Lost Its War
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brothers were not physically harmed. Thảo arrived at the house in
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Khiêm graduated from the Vietnamese National Military Academy in
26:
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because of the junta's failure to make progress against the
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2372:(4). New York City: Cambridge University Press: 749–784.
1031:. They planned to remove Khánh and bring Khiêm back from
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and Thi, who had returned from exile after Diêm's death.
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4162:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Order (Vietnam)
2055:(in Vietnamese). Garden Grove, California. 24 June 2021
2340:(4). New York: Cambridge University Press: 751–782.
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Intervention: how America became involved in Vietnam
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In January 1965, the junta-appointed Prime Minister
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2313:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
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4137:Ambassadors of South Vietnam to the United States
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2308:
907:The coup plot was initiated by Brigadier General
16:Prime Minister of South Vietnam from 1969 to 1975
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2488:. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press.
604:Ambassador to South Korea and Taiwan (1965–1968)
601:Ambassador to the United States (1964–1965)
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2201:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
689:, resigning only in the last month before the
544:Chief of Staff of the armed forces (1962–1963)
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2400:. New York City: Cambridge University Press.
2180:A Death in November: America in Vietnam, 1963
888:that surrounded Saigon. Khiêm controlled the
820:. Thảo's plans were shelved when an American
4073:South Vietnamese military ranks and insignia
2398:Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965
970:September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt
4152:Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)
4147:Recipients of the National Order of Vietnam
2523:(4). Vancouver, British Columbia: 647–673.
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204:8 February 1964 – 9 September 1964
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2469:. New York City: Oxford University Press.
2220:. New York City: Oxford University Press.
771:launched a coup attempt against President
553:Chairman of the Joint General Staff (1964)
58:
4167:Recipients of the Order of Brilliant Star
3125:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
2679:Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem
2581:Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam
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873:
808:Arrest and assassination of Ngô Đình Diệm
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4132:Military personnel from Ho Chi Minh City
4102:Army of the Republic of Vietnam generals
3601:Civilian Irregular Defense Group program
2016:
1941:
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1905:"South Viet Nam: A Trial for Patience".
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2450:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.
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2111:. 1974. p. 373-374. Archived from
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759:Khiêm was a loyalist of President Diêm.
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2417:The Lost Revolution: Vietnam 1945–1966
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1188:with seven palms, with one silver star
150:6 August 1972 – 14 April 1975
88:23 August 1969 – 4 April 1975
4157:Recipients of the Air Gallantry Cross
3426:
3014:
2602:
2509:
2392:
2215:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
1992:
1936:
1915:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1846:
1834:
1804:
1795:
1763:
1754:
1727:
1700:
1684:
1641:
1632:
1620:
1572:
1560:
625:
337:27 May 1968 – 22 August 1969
1957:
1948:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1772:
1650:
1611:
1602:
1586:
1551:
1537:
1528:
1487:
1469:
1394:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
598:National Leadership Committee (1964)
2628:
2136:總統令. 總統府公報. 1970-08-11, (第2191號): 1
1975:
1736:
1442:
1424:
1412:
1403:
1103:
963:
273:27 May 1968 – 29 June 1973
13:
3351:
3326:
3291:
3206:
3149:
3091:
3064:
2654:Self-immolation of Thích Quảng Đức
2503:
2067:
1855:
1286:
880:January 1964 South Vietnamese coup
862:. Diêm's aide-de-camp, Lieutenant
751:1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt
578:January 1964 South Vietnamese coup
568:1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt
14:
4178:
4127:Politicians from Ho Chi Minh City
2669:1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état
2544:
1376:
1354:
1043:On 19 February, Thảo and General
896:of the ARVN, which were based in
745:1960 defence of Diêm against coup
737:, which at the time was based in
727:Command and General Staff College
4117:Prime ministers of South Vietnam
3454:
3042:
2266:. New York City: Penguin Books.
1433:
1334:
1321:
1306:
1293:
1275:
1264:
1245:
1234:
1223:
1212:
1202:
1191:
1180:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1123:
1110:
828:, instructed Khiêm, to stop the
462:
428:National Social Democratic Front
2287:Our Vietnam: the war, 1954–1975
2182:. New York City: E. P. Dutton.
2130:
2039:
2010:
2001:
1966:
1927:
1825:
1816:
1786:
1745:
1718:
1709:
1675:
1666:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1478:
1460:
1451:
1098:
632:Army of the Republic of Vietnam
504:Army of the Republic of Vietnam
325:Prime Minister of South Vietnam
76:Prime Minister of South Vietnam
4107:Leaders who took power by coup
3285:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
2644:Huế Phật Đản (Vesak) shootings
1385:
1372:. Saigon: Vietnam Press. 1972.
763:On 11 November 1960, Colonels
1:
3414:head of a military government
3345:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
2142:
1087:Khiem lived in retirement in
812:One of Khiêm's subordinates,
627:[ʈəŋ˨˩tʰiəŋ˨˩˨kʰim˧˧]
33:, but is often simplified to
4112:South Vietnamese politicians
2484:Willbanks, James H. (2004).
2152:; Singal, Daniel J. (2008).
1988:. 18 August 1968. p. 3.
1311:Special Grand Cordon of the
1280:Chuong My Medal, First Class
257:Minister of Internal Affairs
138:Minister of National Defense
7:
2446:Tucker, Spencer C. (2000).
1341:Order of the White Elephant
1339:Knight Grand Cordon of the
1165:Distinguished Service Order
1153:Distinguished Service Order
1141:Distinguished Service Order
10:
4183:
4122:Vietnamese Roman Catholics
3049:Prime ministers of Vietnam
2328:McAllister, James (2008).
1014:1965 South Vietnamese coup
1011:
967:
877:
804:1963 South Vietnamese coup
801:
748:
652:November 1960 coup attempt
583:1965 South Vietnamese coup
573:1963 South Vietnamese coup
20:
4067:
3774:
3721:
3660:
3639:
3583:
3505:
3467:
3461:Military of South Vietnam
3408:
3343:
3331:Republic of South Vietnam
3320:Republic of South Vietnam
3318:
3283:
3198:
3141:
3123:
3083:
3056:
2992:
2956:
2863:
2718:
2705:Krulak–Mendenhall mission
2687:
2636:
2587:
2578:
2570:
2565:
2465:VanDeMark, Brian (1995).
2378:10.1017/S0026749X04001295
2346:10.1017/s0026749x07002855
1792:Moyar (2004), pp. 774–75.
1715:Moyar (2006), pp. 316–19.
1629:Moyar (2004), pp. 760–63.
1130:National Order of Vietnam
1000:on 13 September. General
696:
615:
611:
591:
560:
531:
520:
512:
489:
479:
474:
470:
458:
433:
423:
406:
382:
377:
373:
363:
351:
341:
330:
320:
308:
296:
277:
266:
255:
243:
233:
208:
197:
185:
173:
154:
143:
136:
124:
112:
102:
92:
81:
73:
69:
57:
50:
3000:Persecution of Buddhists
2659:Double Seven Day scuffle
2551:ARVN Generals' Name List
2419:. London: André Deutsch.
2415:Shaplen, Robert (1966).
2244:. New York City: Knopf.
2158:Rowman & Littlefield
1982:"Saigon Frees General".
1348:
1218:Armed Forces Honor Medal
1082:completing their victory
1076:Khiêm the Ambassador to
731:Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
707:Vietnamese National Army
3631:Combined Action Program
3096:Republic of Cochinchina
3085:Republic of Cochinchina
2710:McNamara–Taylor mission
1313:Order of Brilliant Star
1208:Hazardous Service Medal
402:, French Indochina
3357:
3332:
3297:
3212:
3155:
3097:
3070:
2216:Jones, Howard (2003).
2102:"Who's Who in Vietnam"
2007:Willbanks, pp. 240–60.
1270:Military Service Medal
1251:Vietnam Campaign Medal
1008:Plotting from overseas
874:1964 coup against Minh
798:1963 coup against Diệm
760:
669:to stage a successful
3944:Nguyễn Phước Vĩnh Lộc
3355:
3330:
3295:
3210:
3153:
3095:
3068:
2780:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
2429:Journal of a Vietcong
2197:Jacobs, Seth (2006).
2109:Saigon: Vietnam Press
1972:Langguth, pp. 346–47.
1954:Moyar (2006), p. 364.
1877:Moyar (2006), p. 363.
1801:Moyar (2006), p. 775.
1663:Moyar (2006), p. 318.
1647:Moyar (2004), p. 763.
1430:Moyar (2006), p. 113.
1409:Moyar (2006), p. 110.
937:Tan Son Nhut Air Base
758:
709:of the French-backed
665:He later joined with
513:Years of service
2649:Hue chemical attacks
2556:26 June 2021 at the
2366:Modern Asian Studies
2334:Modern Asian Studies
2292:Simon & Schuster
2156:. Lanham, Maryland:
1868:Shaplen, pp. 310–12.
1760:Shaplen, pp. 308–09.
1569:Shaplen, pp. 231–32.
1516:Shaplen, pp. 209–10.
1457:Shaplen, pp. 197–98.
1439:Langguth, pp. 108–9.
1370:Who's Who in Vietnam
1368:"Tran Thien Khiem".
1176:Military Merit Medal
1089:San Jose, California
417:San Jose, California
3200:Republic of Vietnam
2750:W. Averell Harriman
2664:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids
2052:Việt Báo Daily News
2018:McFadden, Robert D.
1933:Kahin, pp. 299–300.
1911:. 26 February 1965.
1638:McAllister, p. 763.
1391:Jacobs, pp. 115–18.
1382:Tucker, pp. 526–33.
1229:Civil Actions Medal
1197:Air Gallantry Cross
1128:Grand Cross of the
1056:commander, General
717:, which fought the
484:Republic of Vietnam
4068:Ranks and insignia
3626:Presidential Guard
3358:
3333:
3298:
3213:
3156:
3098:
3071:
2979:Marguerite Higgins
2566:Political offices
2511:Kahin, George McT.
2264:Vietnam: A history
2236:Kahin, George McT.
2026:The New York Times
1985:The New York Times
1831:Kahin, pp. 294–96.
1822:Kahin, pp. 255–60.
1783:Kahin, pp. 267–69.
1724:Kahin, pp. 229–32.
1681:Kahin, pp. 228–35.
1672:Kahin, pp. 229–30.
1240:Good Conduct Medal
1093:Irvine, California
761:
634:(ARVN) during the
4079:
4078:
3989:Nguyễn Viết Thanh
3949:Nguyễn Trọng Luật
3640:ARVN Sub-branches
3420:
3419:
3069:Empire of Vietnam
3058:Empire of Vietnam
3008:
3007:
2850:William Trueheart
2840:Maxwell D. Taylor
2830:Frederick Nolting
2820:Nguyễn Đình Thuận
2790:Joseph Mendenhall
2745:Michael Forrestal
2597:
2596:
2588:Succeeded by
2290:. New York City:
2167:978-0-7425-6007-9
2150:Halberstam, David
1963:VanDeMark, p. 82.
1886:VanDeMark, p. 81.
1617:Langguth, p. 278.
671:January 1964 coup
660:assassinated Diêm
656:coup that deposed
638:. He was born in
619:
618:
4174:
4039:Trần Thiện Khiêm
4034:Trần Thanh Phong
4019:Phan Trọng Chinh
3994:Nguyễn Vĩnh Nghi
3974:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
3954:Nguyễn Văn Chuân
3914:Nguyễn Đức Thắng
3909:Nguyễn Chánh Thi
3899:Ngô Quang Trưởng
3459:
3458:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3424:
3423:
3396:Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
3306:Huỳnh Thúc Kháng
3266:Trần Thiện Khiêm
3241:Nguyễn Xuân Oánh
3226:Nguyễn Xuân Oánh
3165:Nguyễn Phan Long
3143:State of Vietnam
3101:Nguyễn Văn Thinh
3047:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3012:
3011:
2974:David Halberstam
2943:Trần Thiện Khiêm
2923:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
2918:Nguyễn Văn Nhung
2775:Victor H. Krulak
2770:Thich Tinh Khiet
2695:Joint Communiqué
2623:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2571:Preceded by
2563:
2562:
2540:
2499:
2480:
2461:
2442:
2431:. London: Cape.
2420:
2411:
2389:
2357:
2324:
2305:
2277:
2255:
2231:
2212:
2193:
2176:Hammer, Ellen J.
2171:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2106:
2098:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:Tang, pp. 56–57.
1749:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1608:Shaplen, p. 233.
1606:
1600:
1597:
1584:
1581:
1570:
1567:
1558:
1557:Shaplen, p. 230.
1555:
1549:
1548:Shaplen, p. 231.
1546:
1535:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1338:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1310:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1279:
1268:
1249:
1238:
1227:
1216:
1206:
1195:
1184:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1127:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1104:National honours
1033:Washington, D.C.
964:Junta infighting
786:, a town in the
769:Nguyễn Chánh Thi
711:State of Vietnam
687:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
629:
622:Trần Thiện Khiêm
499:State of Vietnam
491:
466:
413:
393:15 December 1925
392:
390:
378:Personal details
366:
354:
344:
335:
311:
299:
280:
271:
246:
236:
221:Nguyễn Xuân Oánh
211:
202:
188:
176:
157:
148:
127:
115:
97:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
86:
62:
52:Trần Thiện Khiêm
48:
47:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4063:
4054:Trần Quang Khôi
4024:Phan Xuân Nhuận
4009:Phạm Quốc Thuần
3979:Nguyễn Văn Toàn
3969:Nguyễn Văn Minh
3964:Nguyễn Văn Mạnh
3959:Nguyễn Văn Hiếu
3939:Nguyễn Khoa Nam
3929:Nguyễn Hữu Hạnh
3919:Nguyễn Hợp Đoàn
3859:Lê Nguyên Khang
3776:
3770:
3723:
3717:
3656:
3635:
3616:Regional Forces
3579:
3501:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3421:
3416:
3404:
3401:Phạm Minh Chính
3391:Nguyễn Tấn Dũng
3339:
3314:
3279:
3216:Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ
3194:
3137:
3134:Nguyễn Văn Xuân
3127:
3119:
3111:Nguyễn Văn Xuân
3079:
3052:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3009:
3004:
2988:
2952:
2865:
2859:
2845:Trần Văn Chương
2835:Thích Trí Quang
2815:Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ
2785:Robert McNamara
2765:John F. Kennedy
2760:Thich Thien Hoa
2740:Thích Quảng Đức
2722:
2720:
2714:
2683:
2632:
2630:Buddhist crisis
2627:
2593:
2584:
2576:
2558:Wayback Machine
2547:
2529:10.2307/2757066
2516:Pacific Affairs
2506:
2504:Further reading
2496:
2477:
2458:
2439:
2425:Trương Như Tảng
2408:
2321:
2302:
2282:Langguth, A. J.
2274:
2260:Karnow, Stanley
2252:
2228:
2209:
2190:
2168:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2118:on 30 June 2022
2115:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2020:(2 July 2021).
2015:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:Tucker, p. 325.
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:Karnow, p. 352.
1598:
1587:
1582:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1538:
1534:Hammer, p. 294.
1533:
1529:
1525:Jacobs, p. 180.
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:Hammer, p. 292.
1506:
1502:
1497:
1488:
1484:Karnow, p. 317.
1483:
1479:
1475:Hammer, p. 264.
1474:
1470:
1466:Karnow, p. 300.
1465:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1448:Hammer, p. 133.
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:Jacobs, p. 118.
1420:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1366:
1355:
1351:
1322:
1320:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:Foreign honours
1186:Gallantry Cross
1111:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1058:Lê Nguyên Khang
1016:
1010:
972:
966:
882:
876:
847:Gia Long Palace
810:
802:Main articles:
800:
753:
747:
699:
607:
592:Other work
587:
556:
508:
475:Military career
454:
435:
434:Other political
424:Political party
415:
411:
394:
388:
386:
369:Nguyễn Lưu Viên
364:
352:
342:
336:
331:
309:
303:Linh Quang Viên
297:
292:
278:
272:
267:
244:
234:
229:
209:
203:
198:
186:
174:
169:
155:
149:
144:
125:
113:
107:Nguyễn Lưu Viên
87:
82:
65:
53:
46:
23:Vietnamese name
17:
12:
11:
5:
4180:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3999:Phạm Ngọc Thảo
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3829:Hoàng Xuân Lãm
3826:
3821:
3819:Dương Văn Minh
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3794:Đặng Văn Quang
3791:
3789:Chung Tấn Cang
3786:
3780:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3751:September 1964
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3647:Special Forces
3643:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3611:Popular Forces
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3450:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3427:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3350:
3348:
3347:(1976–present)
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:Huỳnh Tấn Phát
3325:
3323:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3290:
3288:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3261:Trần Văn Hương
3258:
3256:Nguyễn Văn Lộc
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3236:Trần Văn Hương
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3205:
3203:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3175:Nguyễn Văn Tâm
3172:
3167:
3162:
3148:
3146:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3090:
3088:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3075:Trần Trọng Kim
3063:
3061:
3054:
3053:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3015:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2969:Malcolm Browne
2966:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2938:Trần Kim Tuyến
2935:
2930:
2928:Phạm Ngọc Thảo
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:Dương Văn Minh
2885:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2577:
2574:Trần Văn Hương
2572:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2546:
2545:External links
2543:
2542:
2541:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2481:
2475:
2462:
2456:
2443:
2437:
2421:
2412:
2406:
2390:
2358:
2325:
2319:
2306:
2300:
2278:
2272:
2256:
2250:
2232:
2226:
2213:
2207:
2194:
2188:
2172:
2166:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2129:
2066:
2038:
2009:
2000:
1998:Kahin, p. 303.
1991:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1945:Kahin, p. 301.
1935:
1926:
1924:Kahin, p. 514.
1914:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1854:
1852:Kahin, p. 299.
1845:
1843:Kahin, p. 298.
1833:
1824:
1815:
1813:Kahin, p. 297.
1803:
1794:
1785:
1771:
1769:Kahin, p. 300.
1762:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1733:Kahin, p. 232.
1726:
1717:
1708:
1706:Kahin, p. 231.
1699:
1697:Kahin, p. 498.
1683:
1674:
1665:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1585:
1583:Kahin, p. 196.
1571:
1559:
1550:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1498:Moyar, p. 266.
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1411:
1402:
1400:Kahin, p. 125.
1393:
1384:
1375:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1272:, Second Class
1262:
1243:
1242:, Second Class
1232:
1221:
1210:
1200:
1189:
1178:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1054:Marine Brigade
1024:Trần Văn Hương
1012:Main article:
1009:
1006:
968:Main article:
965:
962:
945:Dương Văn Minh
932:Special Forces
878:Main article:
875:
872:
860:Dương Văn Minh
818:Trần Kim Tuyến
814:Phạm Ngọc Thảo
799:
796:
765:Vương Văn Đông
749:Main article:
746:
743:
698:
695:
691:fall of Saigon
683:Phạm Ngọc Thảo
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
606:
605:
602:
599:
595:
593:
589:
588:
586:
585:
580:
575:
570:
564:
562:
558:
557:
555:
554:
551:
545:
542:
535:
533:
529:
528:
522:
518:
517:
514:
510:
509:
507:
506:
501:
495:
493:
487:
486:
481:
477:
476:
472:
471:
468:
467:
460:
456:
455:
453:
452:
446:
439:
437:
431:
430:
425:
421:
420:
414:(aged 95)
408:
404:
403:
384:
380:
379:
375:
374:
371:
370:
367:
361:
360:
355:
349:
348:
347:Trần Văn Hương
345:
343:Prime Minister
339:
338:
328:
327:
318:
317:
312:
306:
305:
300:
294:
293:
291:
290:
287:
286:Trần Văn Hương
283:
281:
279:Prime Minister
275:
274:
264:
263:
253:
252:
247:
241:
240:
237:
231:
230:
228:
227:
224:
218:
214:
212:
210:Prime Minister
206:
205:
195:
194:
189:
183:
182:
177:
171:
170:
168:
167:
164:
160:
158:
156:Prime Minister
152:
151:
141:
140:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
119:Trần Văn Hương
116:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
79:
78:
71:
70:
67:
66:
64:Khiêm in 1965
63:
55:
54:
51:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4179:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4029:Tôn Thất Đính
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4004:Phạm Phú Quốc
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:Nguyễn Văn Vy
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:Nguyễn Hữu Có
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3844:Lâm Quang Thơ
3842:
3840:
3839:Lâm Quang Thi
3837:
3835:
3834:Huỳnh Văn Cao
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:Hoàng Cơ Minh
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Dương Văn Đức
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:December 1964
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:Coup attempts
3720:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Phan Văn Khải
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:Phạm Văn Đồng
3359:
3354:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3311:Phạm Văn Đồng
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3296:North Vietnam
3294:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:Nguyễn Bá Cẩn
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
3249:
3247:
3246:Phan Huy Quát
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3211:South Vietnam
3209:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3190:Ngô Đình Diệm
3188:
3186:
3185:Phan Huy Quát
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3154:South Vietnam
3152:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:Tôn Thất Đính
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:Nguyễn Hữu Có
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Lê Quang Tung
2896:
2894:
2893:Huỳnh Văn Cao
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:Lucien Conein
2871:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2810:Ngô Đình Thục
2808:
2806:
2805:Ngô Đình Nhu
2803:
2801:
2800:Ngô Đình Diệm
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:Roger Hilsman
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Bui Van Luong
2728:
2727:
2725:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2592:
2591:Nguyễn Bá Cẩn
2583:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2495:0-7006-1331-5
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2476:0-19-509650-9
2472:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2457:1-57607-040-9
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2438:0-224-02819-7
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2407:0-521-86911-0
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2320:0-8047-5502-7
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2301:0-684-81202-9
2297:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2273:0-670-84218-4
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2251:0-394-54367-X
2247:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2227:0-19-505286-2
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2208:0-7425-4447-8
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2189:0-525-24210-4
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2133:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1930:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1895:Tang, p. 363.
1892:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1849:
1840:
1838:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1624:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1554:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1416:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1231:, First Class
1230:
1226:
1222:
1220:, First Class
1219:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1199:, Silver wing
1198:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1167:, First Class
1166:
1161:
1157:
1155:, First Class
1154:
1149:
1145:
1143:, First Class
1142:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:South Vietnam
1108:
1107:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1070:Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
1068:in Khánh and
1067:
1066:no confidence
1061:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:Nguyễn Hữu Có
1025:
1020:
1015:
1005:
1003:
1002:Huynh Van Cao
999:
998:Dương Văn Đức
995:
989:
987:
986:Nguyễn Hữu Có
981:
978:
971:
961:
959:
954:
950:
946:
940:
938:
933:
929:
925:
920:
916:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
894:7th Divisions
891:
887:
881:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
848:
842:
839:
838:Tôn Thất Đính
834:
831:
827:
826:Lucien Conein
823:
819:
815:
809:
805:
795:
793:
792:21st Division
789:
785:
781:
776:
774:
770:
766:
757:
752:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
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708:
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694:
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688:
684:
680:
679:Dương Văn Đức
676:
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663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:Ngô Đình Diệm
645:
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637:
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628:
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579:
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539:21st Division
537:
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358:Phạm Đăng Lâm
356:
350:
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334:
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261:South Vietnam
258:
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207:
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196:
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184:
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180:Nguyễn Văn Vy
178:
172:
166:Nguyễn Bá Cẩn
165:
162:
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159:
153:
147:
142:
139:
135:
132:
131:Nguyễn Bá Cẩn
129:
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117:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
85:
80:
77:
72:
68:
61:
56:
49:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
4049:Trần Văn Hai
4044:Trần Văn Đôn
4038:
4014:Phạm Văn Phú
3934:Nguyễn Khánh
3889:Mai Hữu Xuân
3864:Lê Nguyên Vỹ
3849:Lâm Văn Phát
3809:Dư Quốc Đống
3784:Cao Văn Viên
3746:January 1964
3724:and mutinies
3708:Tan Son Nhut
3380:
3265:
3231:Nguyễn Khánh
3221:Nguyễn Khánh
3170:Trần Văn Hữu
3116:Trần Văn Hữu
3106:Lê Văn Hoạch
2984:Neil Sheehan
2964:Peter Arnett
2948:Trần Văn Đôn
2942:
2913:Nguyễn Khánh
2795:Ngô Đình Cẩn
2719:Political or
2579:
2520:
2514:
2485:
2466:
2447:
2428:
2416:
2397:
2369:
2365:
2337:
2333:
2310:
2286:
2263:
2240:
2217:
2198:
2179:
2153:
2132:
2120:. Retrieved
2113:the original
2108:
2057:. Retrieved
2050:
2041:
2029:. Retrieved
2025:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1929:
1906:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1848:
1827:
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1369:
1258:
1254:
1099:Other awards
1086:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1045:Lâm Văn Phát
1042:
1038:
1021:
1017:
994:Lâm Văn Phát
990:
982:
973:
949:Trần Văn Đôn
941:
921:
917:
906:
883:
855:
843:
835:
829:
811:
788:Mekong Delta
777:
762:
735:5th Division
700:
675:Lâm Văn Phát
667:Nguyễn Khánh
664:
621:
620:
561:Battles/wars
451:(until 1963)
436:affiliations
412:(2021-06-24)
410:24 June 2021
365:Succeeded by
332:
315:Lê Công Chất
310:Succeeded by
268:
250:Nguyễn Khánh
245:Succeeded by
239:Trần Văn Đôn
226:Nguyễn Khánh
217:Nguyễn Khánh
199:
192:Trần Văn Đôn
187:Succeeded by
145:
126:Succeeded by
83:
42:
34:
30:
18:
4097:2021 deaths
4092:1925 births
4059:Vũ Văn Giai
3879:Lữ Mộng Lan
3869:Lê Văn Hưng
3854:Lê Minh Đảo
3381:Võ Văn Kiệt
3371:Võ Văn Kiệt
3322:(1975–1976)
3301:Ho Chi Minh
3287:(1945–1976)
3202:(1955–1975)
3145:(1949–1955)
3128:(1948–1949)
3087:(1946–1949)
2957:Journalists
2394:Moyar, Mark
2362:Moyar, Mark
723:Hồ Chí Minh
713:of Emperor
650:put down a
644:Cochinchina
636:Vietnam War
541:(1960–1962)
527:(Đại Tướng)
445:(1963–1967)
400:Cochinchina
353:Preceded by
298:Preceded by
235:Preceded by
175:Preceded by
114:Preceded by
4086:Categories
3884:Lý Tòng Bá
3874:Lê Văn Kim
3799:Đỗ Cao Trí
3621:Junk Force
3276:Vũ Văn Mẫu
3051:since 1945
2903:Lê Văn Kim
2878:Đỗ Cao Trí
2855:Vũ Văn Mẫu
2825:Madame Nhu
2585:1969–1975
2143:References
2122:13 October
1151:Air Force
953:Lê Văn Kim
480:Allegiance
389:1925-12-15
39:given name
3693:Phan Rang
3688:Nha Trang
3673:Binh Thuy
3661:Air bases
3591:Air Force
3507:Divisions
3366:Phạm Hùng
2721:religious
2700:Cable 243
2386:145723264
2354:145595067
958:Viet Cong
928:Air Force
886:III Corps
719:Việt Minh
548:III Corps
516:1947–1975
459:Signature
333:In office
269:In office
200:In office
146:In office
93:President
84:In office
3777:officers
3678:Cam Ranh
3668:Bien Hoa
3584:Branches
3575:Airborne
2864:Military
2673:reaction
2554:Archived
2427:(1986).
2396:(2006).
2284:(2000).
2262:(1997).
2238:(1986).
2178:(1987).
1331: :
1329:Thailand
1303: :
1120: :
977:Đại Việt
898:Biên Hòa
856:en route
532:Commands
490:Service/
443:Military
223:(acting)
74:8th
21:In this
3775:Notable
3713:Tuy Hoa
3698:Phù Cát
3683:Da Nang
3652:Rangers
3376:Đỗ Mười
3356:Vietnam
3180:Bửu Lộc
3160:Bảo Đại
2993:Related
2866:figures
2735:Bửu Hội
2723:figures
2537:2757066
1261:devices
1255:1949–54
824:agent,
715:Bảo Đại
525:General
449:Cần Lao
289:Himself
163:Himself
27:surname
3894:Ngô Du
3804:Đỗ Mậu
3703:Pleiku
3570:Marine
3411:acting
3060:(1945)
2883:Đỗ Mậu
2688:Policy
2637:Events
2535:
2492:
2473:
2454:
2435:
2404:
2384:
2352:
2317:
2298:
2270:
2248:
2224:
2205:
2186:
2164:
2059:2 July
2031:2 July
1326:
1315:(1970)
1301:Taiwan
1298:
1259:1960–
1115:
1078:Taiwan
924:Marine
909:Đỗ Mậu
902:Mỹ Tho
868:Đỗ Mậu
864:Đỗ Thơ
852:Cholon
784:Mỹ Tho
739:Mỹ Tho
703:Đà Lạt
697:Career
640:Saigon
550:(1964)
492:branch
396:Saigon
322:Deputy
103:Deputy
25:, the
3468:Corps
2533:JSTOR
2382:S2CID
2350:S2CID
2116:(PDF)
2105:(PDF)
1349:Notes
1253:with
1163:Navy
1139:Army
913:Khánh
43:Khiêm
3766:1966
3761:1965
3741:1963
3736:1962
3731:1960
3606:Navy
3596:Army
2490:ISBN
2471:ISBN
2452:ISBN
2433:ISBN
2402:ISBN
2315:ISBN
2296:ISBN
2268:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2222:ISBN
2203:ISBN
2184:ISBN
2162:ISBN
2124:2023
2061:2021
2033:2021
1908:Time
1257:and
996:and
975:and
951:and
930:and
900:and
892:and
830:coup
806:and
780:Thục
773:Diêm
767:and
677:and
658:and
521:Rank
419:, US
407:Died
383:Born
35:Tran
31:Trần
3490:CMD
3485:III
2525:doi
2374:doi
2342:doi
890:5th
822:CIA
729:at
721:of
259:of
29:is
4088::
3565:25
3560:23
3555:22
3550:21
3545:18
3497:IV
3480:II
2531:.
2521:52
2519:.
2380:.
2370:38
2368:.
2348:.
2338:42
2336:.
2332:.
2294:.
2160:.
2107:.
2069:^
2024:.
1938:^
1917:^
1857:^
1836:^
1806:^
1774:^
1686:^
1652:^
1622:^
1588:^
1574:^
1562:^
1539:^
1489:^
1414:^
1356:^
1095:.
947:,
939:.
926:,
741:.
693:.
662:.
642:,
398:,
41:,
3540:9
3535:7
3530:5
3525:3
3520:2
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2671:(
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2608:v
2539:.
2527::
2498:.
2479:.
2460:.
2441:.
2410:.
2388:.
2376::
2356:.
2344::
2323:.
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2276:.
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2170:.
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2063:.
2035:.
624:(
391:)
387:(
45:.
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