1281:—was brought in by rail during the last days of December. Its first regiment—the 189th Infantry under Colonel Hohmeyer together with the 2nd Battalion of Artillery Regiment 181 and the 3rd Company of the Engineer Battalion 181—was immediately ordered to detrain at Toropets and Andreapol. From there, it advanced to Okhvat where it was encircled and completely destroyed on 14 January. 1,100 dead were later found in a forest near Okhvat, including the regimental commander who was posthumously promoted to Major General. A total of 40 survivors from the artillery battalion made it back to the German lines. The move into action and collapse was so swift that the regiment was not even identified on German situation maps.
200:
139:
107:
41:
159:
127:
93:
1277:, which was covering a line of 30 km (19 mi)—had its forward two regiments overrun. The regiments were so thinly spread in their strongpoints that they could not cover each other, allowing the Soviet assault forces to simply walk through between them. The strongpoints were later reduced, with significant casualties for the Germans. A German reserve formation—the
1238:
Shock Armies was very successful. German forces in the sector were overrun with heavy losses. The failure to predict this attack—coupled with multiple demands on the German reserves—gave the Soviet Front command an opening which it exploited to the utmost, driving deep into the German rear. While the
1221:
in breaking the siege of
Leningrad. The second was a south-western thrust toward Vitebsk. This attack was to be conducted by three armies, 33rd, 3rd and 4th Shock, the latter two having just recently been renamed. Its ultimate aim was to become the northern pincer of a deep envelopment of German Army
1289:
The Soviet aim of encircling Army Group Center was not achieved, but the attack by the two Shock Armies created a deep bend in the German frontline that was to become a major concern for the German army group commands during 1942, until the
1250:, and the practice later in the war, showing the dearth of resources in the Soviet arsenal at this low point of Soviet fortunes in the war. Yeremenko's 4th Shock Army had only two tank battalions, the 171st Tank Battalion with 12 Lend-Lease
1174:. The Wehrmacht did not expect the Red Army to be capable of such a wide-ranging offensive, and therefore was caught off guard by attacks in areas that it supposed to be quiet, such as the region south of
912:
230:
1653:
1648:
905:
1643:
335:
898:
40:
1239:
Soviet forces had few supplies at the start of the offensive, they could keep going through the capture of significant amounts of German supply stores at
1599:
1349:
328:
502:
1246:
The tank support for such an operation was very weak on the Soviet side, especially compared to the requirements of the doctrine of
662:
657:
321:
372:
652:
640:
497:
362:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1274:
753:
463:
367:
259:
254:
249:
244:
176:
1170:
of the Red Army decided to conduct a broad-front offensive with the aim of destroying the invading German forces in the
1454:
1344:
1339:
1278:
723:
225:
220:
181:
1638:
1589:
1067:
728:
618:
519:
1057:
708:
703:
473:
396:
1437:
926:
779:
623:
1668:
1575:
1570:
1329:
1231:
952:
860:
850:
740:
492:
213:
1663:
1565:
957:
813:
568:
436:
345:
28:
1427:
131:
1658:
1012:
942:
845:
807:
573:
1433:
1149:
840:
448:
416:
391:
171:
759:
551:
818:
635:
597:
585:
468:
453:
1554:
Vilinov, M.A. 'Features of the
Toropets-Kholm Operation' VIZH 1988 Issue 1, English translation
1062:
971:
713:
686:
563:
406:
1423:
1210:
1206:
1092:
691:
680:
431:
163:
1077:
1560:
1395:
1038:
1031:
746:
628:
579:
385:
264:
411:
8:
1319:
1187:
823:
789:
734:
205:
1464:
1102:
964:
922:
833:
794:
774:
769:
667:
442:
186:
1532:
1585:
1369:
1097:
1072:
980:
718:
546:
1140:, from 9 January–6 February 1942. The operation contributed to the formation of the
890:
1291:
1082:
992:
872:
866:
855:
828:
764:
672:
525:
514:
487:
479:
458:
401:
1333:
1323:
1302:
1273:
The drive of the Soviet forces was so strong that the defending German formation—
1247:
1218:
1194:
1153:
1112:
1107:
1087:
1024:
1002:
877:
784:
646:
611:
536:
426:
143:
1365:
1255:
1235:
590:
421:
238:
1294:, of which this bend formed the northern border, was evacuated in March 1943.
1632:
1614:
1601:
1214:
1202:
1045:
1490:
1298:
1171:
1141:
1137:
1007:
541:
199:
158:
138:
126:
112:
98:
32:
1263:
1164:
Following the successful Moscow counter-offensive of
December 1941, the
1251:
1198:
1175:
1129:
947:
1145:
557:
1576:
Map of 4th Shock Army
Operations during the operation Jan 23-31 1942
1571:
Map of 4th Shock Army
Operations during the operation Jan 9-21 1942
1566:
Map of 3rd Shock Army
Operations during the operation Jan 9-21 1942
1240:
1133:
45:
World War II Eastern Front during the 1942 winter counter-offensive
1191:
313:
1197:—was given two tasks to be executed from its position south of
1166:
1267:
1259:
1491:"Особенности Торопецко-Холмской наступательной операции"
1654:
Military operations of World War II involving
Germany
1420:
Army Group North (elements of with unknown strength)
920:
1649:
Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II
1582:
When Titans
Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler
1551:MGFA (ed.) 'Generalfeldmarshall Ritter von Leeb'.
1357:63rd, 65th, 67th, 78th, 79th, 80th Ski Battalions
1354:20th, 27th, 31st, 42nd, 45th, 54th Rifle Brigades
1630:
1584:, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas,
1644:Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War
1580:Glantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995),
906:
329:
1128:was a military operation conducted south of
1533:Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1942
913:
899:
336:
322:
1201:. The first was a western thrust through
89:
1262:, and the 141st Tank Battalion had four
16:World War II Red Army military operation
1561:Info on the Kholm part of the Operation
1322:(elements with a strength of 122,100) (
1631:
1523:Ericsson, J. 'The Road to Stalingrad'
1508:
894:
317:
1557:Ziemke, E.F. 'Moscow to Stalingrad'
1301:, and the southern shoulder of the
1297:The Soviet attack also created the
13:
1308:
14:
1680:
1514:Glantz & House (1995), p. 295
343:
412:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
198:
157:
137:
125:
105:
91:
39:
1542:
1438:Walter von Brockdorff-Ahlefeldt
1230:The initial penetration of the
1526:
1517:
1483:
1:
1476:
1159:
1548:Haupt, W. 'Army Group North'
1406:141st, 171st Tank Battalions
1284:
1213:, and support the effort of
1181:
1144:and the encirclement of the
7:
57:9 January – 6 February 1942
10:
1685:
1414:
1403:62nd, 64th Ski Battalions
1313:
1225:
935:
353:
287:
274:
149:
118:
83:
49:
38:
26:
21:
1639:1942 in the Soviet Union
1443:123rd Infantry Division
1126:Toropets–Kholm offensive
299:10,400 killed or missing
22:Toropets-Kholm offensive
1459:189th Infantry Regiment
1449:418th Infantry Regiment
1446:416th Infantry Regiment
1275:123rd Infantry Division
1455:81st Infantry Division
1279:81st Infantry Division
119:Commanders and leaders
958:Evacuation of Tallinn
288:Casualties and losses
1669:February 1942 events
1396:360th Rifle Division
1391:358th Rifle Division
1386:334th Rifle Division
1381:332nd Rifle Division
1376:249th Rifle Division
1360:170th Tank Battalion
1350:257th Rifle Division
1103:Moonsund Archipelago
265:360th Rifle Division
1664:January 1942 events
1611: /
1345:33rd Rifle Division
1340:23rd Rifle Division
1320:North-Western Front
1188:North-Western Front
1058:Relief of Leningrad
953:Strategic defensive
619:Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh
520:Barvenkovo–Lozovaya
206:North-Western Front
66:Northwestern Russia
1465:SS Cavalry Brigade
1400:21st Rifle Brigade
1205:, to split German
814:Western Carpathian
754:2nd Jassy–Kishinev
724:1st Jassy–Kishinev
709:Leningrad–Novgorod
704:Dnieper–Carpathian
187:SS Cavalry Brigade
1659:Conflicts in 1942
1615:57.150°N 31.183°E
1370:Andrey Yeryomenko
1121:
1120:
943:June in Lithuania
888:
887:
312:
311:
296:
295:(Soviet estimate)
79:
78:
1676:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1495:war1960.narod.ru
1487:
1270:, and 20 T-60s.
1068:Karelian Isthmus
930:
915:
908:
901:
892:
891:
780:Petsamo–Kirkenes
658:Belgorod-Kharkov
624:Voronezh–Kharkov
348:
338:
331:
324:
315:
314:
294:
209:
203:
202:
162:
161:
142:
141:
130:
129:
111:
109:
108:
101:
97:
95:
94:
51:
50:
43:
19:
18:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1629:
1628:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1417:
1334:Maksim Purkayev
1324:Pavel Kurochkin
1316:
1311:
1309:Order of battle
1303:Demyansk Pocket
1287:
1248:Deep operations
1228:
1219:Leningrad Front
1195:Pavel Kurochkin
1184:
1162:
1154:Demyansk Pocket
1122:
1117:
931:
921:
919:
889:
884:
878:Prague uprising
861:Bratislava–Brno
851:Moravia–Ostrava
741:Lvov–Sandomierz
569:Rzhev–Sychyovka
397:Białystok–Minsk
349:
344:
342:
307:
302:
300:
293:12,000 killed
197:
196:
156:
144:Pavel Kurochkin
136:
124:
106:
104:
92:
90:
67:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1682:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1620:57.150; 31.183
1594:
1593:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1434:II. Army Corps
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1366:4th Shock Army
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1330:3rd Shock Army
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1286:
1283:
1227:
1224:
1222:Group Center.
1183:
1180:
1161:
1158:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1029:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:Toropets–Kholm
995:
984:
983:
978:
977:
976:
962:
961:
960:
950:
945:
936:
933:
932:
918:
917:
910:
903:
895:
886:
885:
883:
882:
881:
880:
870:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
841:East Pomerania
838:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
803:
802:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
750:
743:
738:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
700:
699:
695:
694:
689:
684:
677:
676:
675:
665:
660:
655:
650:
643:
638:
633:
626:
621:
616:
608:
607:
603:
602:
595:
588:
583:
576:
571:
566:
561:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
532:Toropets–Kholm
529:
522:
517:
511:
510:
506:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
484:
483:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
381:
380:
376:
375:
370:
365:
359:
358:
354:
351:
350:
341:
340:
333:
326:
318:
310:
309:
301:18,810 wounded
297:
290:
289:
285:
284:
281:
277:
276:
272:
271:
270:
269:
268:
267:
262:
260:358th Division
257:
255:334th Division
252:
250:332nd Division
247:
245:249th Division
239:4th Shock Army
235:
234:
233:
231:257th Division
228:
223:
215:3rd Shock Army
193:
192:
191:
190:
189:
184:
179:
177:123rd Division
152:
151:
150:Units involved
147:
146:
134:
121:
120:
116:
115:
102:
86:
85:
81:
80:
77:
76:
75:Soviet victory
73:
69:
68:
65:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
36:
35:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1681:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1591:
1590:0-7006-0899-0
1587:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1534:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1292:Rzhev Salient
1282:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1215:Volkhov Front
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:Staraya Russa
1200:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:II Army Corps
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
988:
982:
979:
975:
974:
970:
969:
968:
967:
963:
959:
956:
955:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
939:
934:
928:
924:
916:
911:
909:
904:
902:
897:
896:
893:
879:
876:
875:
874:
871:
869:
868:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
836:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
809:
805:
804:
800:
799:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
755:
751:
749:
748:
744:
742:
739:
737:
736:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
697:
696:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
682:
678:
674:
671:
670:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
648:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
631:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
614:
610:
609:
605:
604:
601:
600:
599:Little Saturn
596:
594:
593:
589:
587:
586:Velikiye Luki
584:
582:
581:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
559:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
527:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
508:
507:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
482:
481:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
444:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
388:
387:
383:
382:
378:
377:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
357:Naval warfare
356:
355:
352:
347:
346:Eastern Front
339:
334:
332:
327:
325:
320:
319:
316:
305:
298:
292:
291:
286:
282:
279:
278:
273:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
241:
240:
236:
232:
229:
227:
226:33rd Division
224:
222:
221:23rd Division
219:
218:
217:
216:
212:
211:
210:
208:
207:
201:
194:
188:
185:
183:
182:81st Division
180:
178:
175:
174:
173:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
160:
154:
153:
148:
145:
140:
135:
133:
128:
123:
122:
117:
114:
103:
100:
88:
87:
82:
74:
71:
70:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
30:
29:Eastern Front
25:
20:
1595:
1581:
1543:Bibliography
1528:
1519:
1510:
1498:. Retrieved
1494:
1485:
1299:Kholm Pocket
1296:
1288:
1272:
1245:
1229:
1185:
1172:Soviet Union
1165:
1163:
1142:Kholm Pocket
1138:World War II
1125:
1123:
1051:
1050:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1017:
997:
986:
985:
972:
965:
937:
865:
846:Lake Balaton
834:
819:East Prussia
808:Vistula–Oder
806:
752:
745:
733:
679:
668:2nd Smolensk
645:
629:
612:
598:
591:
578:
556:
531:
524:
503:Air war 1941
478:
441:
417:1st Smolensk
384:
373:Arctic Ocean
303:
237:
214:
204:
195:
164:
155:
113:Soviet Union
84:Belligerents
33:World War II
27:Part of the
1618: /
1535:, pp. 9, 26
1428:Ernst Busch
1252:Matilda IIs
1186:The Soviet
973:Oranienbaum
927:the Baltics
641:Gorky Blitz
636:3rd Kharkov
552:2nd Kharkov
454:1st Kharkov
449:Sea of Azov
132:Ernst Busch
1633:Categories
1477:References
1256:Valentines
1199:Lake Ilmen
1176:Lake Ilmen
1160:Background
1130:Lake Ilmen
1039:Krasny Bor
1033:Polar Star
948:Summer War
765:2nd Baltic
760:Dukla Pass
747:Doppelkopf
719:2nd Crimea
663:2nd Donbas
653:1st Donbas
630:Polar Star
580:Stalingrad
464:Sevastopol
459:1st Crimea
402:1st Baltic
386:Barbarossa
363:Baltic Sea
1424:16th Army
1285:Aftermath
1258:, and 10
1211:16th Army
1207:18th Army
1182:Objective
1146:Wehrmacht
1013:Sinyavino
966:Leningrad
923:Leningrad
790:Gumbinnen
735:Bagration
574:Sinyavino
558:Case Blue
443:Leningrad
368:Black Sea
165:16th Army
1241:Toropets
1134:Red Army
1113:Courland
1078:Šiauliai
1003:Demyansk
835:Solstice
795:Budapest
785:Courland
775:Debrecen
770:Belgrade
692:2nd Kiev
564:Caucasus
537:Demyansk
498:Chechnya
432:1st Kiev
275:Strength
172:II Corps
62:Location
1606:31°11′E
1603:57°09′N
1254:, nine
1192:General
1190:—under
1152:in the
1136:during
1132:by the
1098:Tallinn
1073:Vilnius
981:Tikhvin
929:1941–44
829:Breslau
824:Silesia
729:Karelia
681:Dnieper
547:Bamberg
488:Finland
437:Tallinn
283:122,100
280:unknown
99:Germany
1588:
1415:German
1314:Soviet
1266:, six
1226:Battle
1167:Stavka
1083:Kaunas
993:Lyuban
873:Prague
867:Berlin
856:Vienna
673:Lenino
515:Lyuban
480:Moscow
469:Rostov
427:Odessa
308:29,200
110:
96:
72:Result
1500:8 May
1268:T-34s
1264:KV-1s
1260:T-60s
1108:Memel
1088:Tartu
1063:Narva
1026:Iskra
1008:Kholm
714:Narva
687:Nevel
647:Kursk
613:Iskra
542:Kholm
526:Rzhev
493:Kerch
474:Gorky
407:Brody
392:Brest
304:Total
1586:ISBN
1502:2017
1234:and
1217:and
1209:and
1124:The
1093:Riga
1052:1944
1019:1943
987:1942
938:1941
925:and
801:1945
698:1944
606:1943
592:Mars
509:1942
422:Uman
379:1941
54:Date
1236:4th
1232:3rd
1148:'s
1046:Mga
31:of
1635::
1493:.
1440:)
1430:)
1372:)
1336:)
1326:)
1305:.
1243:.
1178:.
1156:.
1592:.
1504:.
1436:(
1426:(
1368:(
1332:(
914:e
907:t
900:v
337:e
330:t
323:v
306::
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