336:
355:
not been outside of full-time education for more than three years. Fees exist for those outside the young student definition. The tuition fees are usually £1,820 for undergraduate courses for
Scottish & Irish students, and £9,250 for students from the rest of the UK. Due to Brexit, from Autumn 2021 EU students will have to pay international tuition fees in Scotland ranging from £10,000 to £26,000 per year depending on the university and degree type unless they have been granted a settled or pre-settled status under the EU Settlement Scheme. At the postgraduate level, Scots and RUK usually pay the same amount, commonly between £5,000 and £15,000 per year, while tuition fees for international students can run as high as £30,000 per year.
177:
278:
314:
universities have used tuition fees to invest in bursaries and outreach schemes. In 2016, The
Guardian noted that the number of disadvantaged students applying to university had increased by 72% from 2006 to 2015, a bigger rise than in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. It wrote that most of the gap between richer and poorer students tends to open up between Key Stage 1 and Key Stage 4 (i.e. at secondary school), rather than when applying for university, and so the money raised from tuition fees should be spent there instead.
101:
200:
inflation from the 2017–18 academic year onwards, and the planned scrapping of maintenance grants from
September 2016. The changes were debated by the Third Delegated Legislation Committee in January 2016, rather than in the Commons. The lack of a vote on the matter drew criticism, as by circumventing the Commons the measures "automatically become law". Tuition fees and perceptions about them are directly linked to satisfaction.
270:
380:
poorest households can be eligible for a grant of up to £10,124 if studying in London or up to £8,100 if studying in the rest of the UK. The changes became effective for students starting
University in September 2018. The Welsh Government argued this would allow for higher maintenance loans and grants and these costs are the biggest barrier for poorer students to attend University.
196:. The intention from the government of the time was that most universities would charge about £6,000, and that the £9,000 rate would only be charge in "exceptional" circumstances. In practice most universities immediately began to charge the maximum £9,000 fee. A judicial review against the raised fees failed in 2012, and so the new fee system came into use that September.
132:
graduates in work are strong, if not widely appreciated. They relate to equity between social groups, broadening participation, equity with part-time students in higher education and in further education, strengthening the student role in higher education, and identifying a new source of income that can be ring-fenced for higher education.
249:
universities. Universities have made up the difference by charging higher fees to international students, as their fees are unlimited, but international applications began to decline that year after the government tightened visa rules. Approximately 40% of UK universities are currently running budget
461:
staffer and education minister largely responsible for introducing tuition fees, said that the system had become a "Frankenstein's monster" putting many students over £50,000 in debt. He argued the system should either be scrapped or fees reverted to between £1,000 and £3,000 per the initial scheme.
358:
Fee discrimination against students from the rest of the UK has been challenged in the past but deemed legal. The
Scottish government confirmed in April 2019 that, with regards to tuition fees, EU students would be treated the same as Scottish students for their whole course if they begin studies up
199:
The
Liberal Democrats conceded that their U-turn on the issue contributed to their defeat at the 2015 election, during which 48 of their 56 seats were lost; the election returned a Conservative majority. Further adjustments were put forth in the 2015 budget, with a proposed fee increase in line with
123:
reported to the new Labour
Government, in the summer of 1997, stating additional billions of funding would be needed over the period, including £350 million in 1998–99 and £565 million in 1999–2000, in order to expand student enrolment, provide more support for part-time students and ensure adequate
379:
Welsh students used to be able to apply for fee grants of up to £5,190, in addition to a £3,810 loan to cover tuition fee costs. However, the Welsh
Government changed this system after the Diamond Review was published. Today students have access to a means tested loan system where students from the
158:
Following devolution in 1999, the newly devolved governments in
Scotland and Wales brought in their own acts on tuition fees. The Scottish Parliament established, and later abolished a graduate endowment to replace the fees. Wales introduced maintenance grants of up to £1,500 in 2002, a value which
131:
We do not underestimate the strength of feeling on the issue of seeking a contribution towards tuition costs: nor do we dispute the logic of the arguments put forward. A detailed assessment of the issues has, however, convinced us that the arguments in favour of a contribution to tuition costs from
412:
stated it would scrap all interest paid on student tuition fees and has suggested reimbursing graduates for historic interest payments made on their loans. In August 2019, government figures uncovered by the Labour Party showed that "students will owe a staggering £8.6bn in interest alone on their
354:
Tuition fees are handled by the
Student Awards Agency Scotland (SAAS), which does not charge fees from what it defines as "Young Students", or "Dependent Students". Young Students are defined as those under 25, without dependent children, marriage, civil partnership or cohabiting partner, who have
244:
had eroded the value of tuition fees. The £9,250 fees charged in 2023 were worth only £6,500 in 2012 terms. This was the cause of mass-layoffs in the sector beginning in late 2023, affecting 50 institutions. By 2024 universities were generally taking on domestic students at a loss, with the actual
396:
plus 1% or RPI, whichever is lower. Students who started university before 1998 pay interest set at the RPI rate. As a consequence of the 2012 change, students who graduated in 2017 pay between 3.1% and 6.1% interest, despite the Bank of England base rate being 0.25%. In 2018, interest fees rose
138:
We have, therefore, analysed the implications of a range of options against the criteria set out in paragraph 20.2. There is a wide array of options from which to choose, ranging from asking graduates to contribute only to their living costs to asking all graduates to contribute to their tuition
313:
Many commentators suggested that the 2012 rise in tuition fees in England would put poorer students off applying to university. However, the gap between rich and poor students has slightly narrowed (from 30.5% in 2010 to 29.8% in 2013) since the introduction of higher fees. This may be because
285:
In England, undergraduate tuition fees are capped at £9,250 a year for UK and Irish students. Due to Brexit, starting in autumn 2021, EU, other EEA and Swiss nationals are no longer eligible for the home fee status, meaning higher fees and no access to UK government loans unless they have been
167:
In England, tuition fee caps rose with the Higher Education Act of 2004. Under the Act, universities in England could begin to charge variable fees of up to £3,000 a year for students enrolling on courses from the academic year of 2006–07 or later. The passing of the aforementioned act caused
168:
political controversy due to the influence of Scottish Labour MPs on the vote, which passed with a majority of just five. This policy was also introduced in Northern Ireland in 2006–07 and introduced in Wales in 2007–08. In 2009–10 the cap rose to £3,225 a year to take account of inflation.
187:
Tuition fees were a major concern at the 2010 general election. The Liberal Democrat party entered the election on a pledge to abolish tuition fees, but had already made preparations to abandon the policy before the election took place. The party entered into coalition government with the
478:
said that he would introduce a graduate tax to replace fees. He was ultimately unsuccessful in his bid for leadership. A graduate tax has been criticised because there would be no way to recover the money from students who move to a different country, or foreign students who return home.
375:
In Wales tuition fees are capped at £9,250 for all UK students as of September 2024, having increased by £250 from the previous £9,000. Welsh students may apply for a non-means tested tuition fee loan to cover 100 per cent of tuition fee costs wherever they choose to study in the UK.
154:
The act introduced a means-tested method of payment for students based on the amount of money their families earned. Starting with 1999–2000, maintenance grants for living expenses would also be replaced with loans and paid back at a rate of 9% of a graduate's income above £10,000.
124:
infrastructure. The committee, as part of its brief, had controversially investigated the possibility of students contributing to the cost of this expansion, either through loans, a graduate tax, deferred contributions or means-testing state assistance, as their report notes:
2379:
326:
Tuition fees are currently capped at £4,030 in Northern Ireland, with loans of the same size available from Student Finance NI. Loan repayments are made when income rises above £17,335 a year, with graduates paying back a percentage of their earnings above this threshold.
366:
criticised the Scottish system for failing to address student poverty. Scotland has fewer disadvantaged students than England, Wales or Northern Ireland and disadvantaged students receive around £560 a year less in financial support than their counterparts in England do.
433:
Tuition is paid for by general taxation in Germany, although only around 30% of young people gain higher education qualification there, whereas in the UK the comparable figure is 48%. Fully or partly funding universities from general taxation has been criticised by the
297:
announced that tuition fees would be temporarily frozen at £9,250. As of 2018, this temporary freeze remained in place and was expected to be extended as a university funding review is carried out. The latter, which was launched by Theresa May, was chaired by
449:
leader, stated that he would have removed tuition fees and would have instead funded higher education by increasing national insurance and corporation tax. In the long term this plan would have been expected to cost the government about £8 billion a year.
47:
The state pays for the poorest or low income to access a university, thus university attendance remains high. There are record levels of disadvantaged students accessing a university in England. As a result of the devolved national administrations for
438:
as a 'tax cut for the rich and a tax rise for the poor' because people would be taxed to pay for something that many would not derive a benefit from, while graduates generally earn more due to their qualifications and only have to pay them back.
39:
to help fund tuition for undergraduate and postgraduate certificate students at universities; students were required to pay up to £1,000 a year for tuition. However, only those who reach a certain salary threshold (£21,000) pay this fee through
404:
when receiving a letter or an email to update their employment status, or upon leaving the UK for 3 or more months, start a new job or become self-employed, or stop working, then they can possibly face a higher interest rate on their loan.
91:
which established a mandate for local authorities to cover the fees. In practice, this mean that fees were not charged from then until the repeal of the act in 1998. During the period university tuition was effectively available for free.
212:
launched a review of post-18 education funding, including university funding and possible alternatives to tuition fees and loans. The move was designed to appeal to students, who had voted in large numbers against the government in the
1759:
233:), promised to maintain the Labour Party's commitment to abolishing tuition fees, but later indicated that Labour would not pursue free tertiary education should they win the next election. This U-turn on policy was criticised by the
2371:
317:
A study by Murphy, Scott-Clayton, and Wyness found that the introduction of tuition fees had "increased funding per head, rising enrolments, and a narrowing of the participation gap between advantaged and disadvantaged students".
290:. Around 76% of all institutions charged the full amount of tuition fees in 2015–16. A loan of the same size is available for most universities, although students at private institutions are only eligible for £6,000 a year loans.
1120:
Maxwell-Stuart, Rebecca; Taheri, Babak; Paterson, Audrey S.; O'Gorman, Kevin; Jackson, William (24 November 2016). "Working together to increase student satisfaction: exploring the effects of mode of study and fee status".
1792:
2788:
1570:
1930:
237:, who in contrast support scrapping university tuition fees in the UK, as well as abolishing outstanding debts for undergraduate tuition fees and maintenance loans, alongside any related interest fees.
1630:
1308:
2762:
2849:
281:
Participation rates in higher education in England from 2005–06 to 2015–16, showing the drop and rebound in entry rates following the increase in tuition fees for students starting in 2011/12.
1751:
2678:
2464:
2880:
61:
2647:
2556:
388:
Students and graduates pay interest fees on student loans. Interest starts being added to the student loan from when the first payment is made. In 2012 this rate was set at the
2241:
1781:
2525:
2780:
653:
1896:
1540:
1863:
1164:
769:
1562:
1922:
1600:
1593:"Overseas Students: EU Nationals Question for Department for Education - UIN 106375, tabled on 20 October 2020 - by Daniel Zeichner - answered by Michelle Donelan"
904:
822:
792:
1832:
2211:
1622:
1492:
1300:
2766:
1356:
2586:
2409:
1692:
1098:
2841:
1660:
1434:
732:
2972:
2670:
2271:
1381:
2977:
259:
81:
2456:
2045:
217:
and caused the Conservative Party to lose their majority. The review resulted in the expansion of vocational studies in England, and the new
2872:
2639:
2740:
2548:
683:
2078:
2494:
115:, Secretary of State for Education and Employment, commissioned an inquiry, led by the then Chancellor of the University of Nottingham,
2297:
600:
471:
230:
2233:
1518:
2517:
250:
deficits, and the Office for Students has forecast that this may lead to mergers and closures of universities without intervention.
2144:
1041:
626:
1473:
1187:
645:
503:
1888:
1855:
1532:
305:
In the 2015 spending review, the government also proposed a freeze in the repayment threshold for tuition fee loans at £21,000.
2015:
1224:
1156:
576:
273:
The entry rate ratio for the most advantaged to most disadvantaged groups between 2006 and 2016, shows a decrease in the ratio.
180:
144:
992:
87:
From 1945 onwards, fees were generally covered by local authorities and were not paid by students. This was formalised by the
2818:
2616:
2323:
881:
765:
2914:
2166:
2111:
1982:
214:
193:
1018:
855:
335:
2709:
1729:
1067:
1592:
1206:
915:
833:
803:
65:
1824:
2195:
973:
44:. In practice, higher education (HE) remains free at the point of entry in England for a high minority of students.
240:
The fees remained frozen at £9,250 into the early 2020s. By 2023 this had led to a crisis in university funding as
234:
709:
2943:
362:
The system has been in place since 2007 when graduate endowments were abolished. Labour's education spokesperson
148:
147:
was published on 26 November 1997, and enacted on 16 July 1998, part of which introduced tuition fees in all the
421:
There have been two main proposed alternative ways of funding university studies: from general taxation or by a
2578:
2401:
1683:
1090:
934:
192:
the cap was controversially raised to £9,000 a year, approximately treble the previous cap; this sparked large
41:
508:
241:
116:
104:
1652:
740:
1407:
550:
454:
293:
Since 2017–18, the fee cap is meant to be raised in line with inflation. In October 2017, Prime Minister
17:
2263:
1809:
176:
1274:
36:
2781:"Jeremy Corbyn: Scrap tuition fees and give students grants again, says Labour leadership contender"
392:(RPI) plus up to 3% depending on income. Students who started university between 1998 and 2011 pay
2037:
2431:
1752:"The Government has 'betrayed' students by not revealing something vital in the Autumn Statement"
675:
2732:
435:
343:
2067:
1458:
958:
2486:
458:
401:
69:
2293:
277:
287:
2640:"Students will owe £8.6bn in loan interest alone within five years, official figures show"
1510:
1301:"Labour leadership: Sir Keir Starmer promises to keep Jeremy Corbyn's tuition fees stance"
877:
8:
347:
2136:
2763:"Opinion: Labour's Tuition Fees policy is a tax cut for the rich, paid for by the poor"
1974:
1138:
498:
493:
393:
389:
88:
2933:
2345:
1954:"The End of Free College in England: Implications for Quality, Enrolments, and Equity"
1357:"Dropping tuition fees pledge will raise questions over how fast Starmer wants change"
2203:
1978:
1803:
1446:
946:
446:
222:
2007:
1142:
60:, there are now different arrangements for tuition fees in each of the nations. The
2938:
1964:
1130:
527:
112:
57:
35:
were first introduced across the entire United Kingdom in September 1998 under the
2810:
2608:
2319:
2286:
2196:"Does Scotland's university fees system breach human rights laws? | Matthew Kelly"
2167:"Tuition fees for students undertaking a full-time course 2015-2016 and 2016-2017"
1134:
2903:
2177:
183:, chair of the Independent Review of Higher Education Funding and Student Finance
2103:
1953:
1330:
1010:
400:
If those who have taken out a student loan do not update their details with the
851:
488:
120:
2952:(the body responsible for providing and administering student loans in the UK)
2701:
1721:
1059:
2966:
2207:
442:
363:
350:'s continued commitment to having no tuition fees, pictured in November 2014.
246:
189:
2518:"Student loan interest rate set to rise by a third after UK inflation surge"
1856:"University tuition fee rise has not deterred poorer students from applying"
1207:"The youth for today: how the 2017 election changed the political landscape"
119:, into the funding of British higher education over the next 20 years. This
935:"Revealed: Lib Dems planned before election to abandon tuition fees pledge"
475:
422:
339:
299:
226:
32:
2842:"Tuition fees should be scrapped, says 'architect' of fees Andrew Adonis"
1952:
Murphy, Richard; Scott-Clayton, Judith; Wyness, Gillian (February 2018).
294:
209:
1623:"EU students will be charged more to study at UK universities from 2021"
1119:
1042:"Nick Clegg's tuition fees 'debacle' undermined trust, says Norman Lamb"
577:"University Challenge: How Higher Education Can Advance Social Mobility"
2955:
1825:"University tuition fees hike 'will deter most poorer students' – poll"
1435:"Funding model for UK higher education is 'broken', say university VCs"
705:
2457:"Wales unveils means-tested university grants of up to £11,000 a year"
1331:"Labour set to ditch pledge for free university tuition, Starmer says"
1091:"Tories bypass MPs to sneak through law abolishing all student grants"
100:
409:
397:
again, this time to 6.3% for anyone who started studying after 2012.
2737:
Daten-Portal des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung - BMBF
1969:
1493:"Next government must make hard university funding decisions, fast"
933:
Watt, Nicholas; correspondent, chief political (12 November 2010).
49:
1433:
Weale, Sally; correspondent, Sally Weale Education (31 May 2023).
1382:"Students pay a heavy price from latest Starmer U-turn say Greens"
107:, chair of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education
1923:"The evidence suggests I was completely wrong about tuition fees"
218:
162:
2873:"I put up tuition fees. It's now clear they have to be scrapped"
2671:"Graduates in England face increasing debt burden, Labour warns"
188:
Conservatives, who supported an increase in fees. Following the
2934:
Text of Higher Education Act 2004, which introduced top-up fees
1782:"Consultation on freezing the student loan repayment threshold"
733:"Higher Education in the learning society (1997) - Main Report"
1791:. Department for Business Innovation & Skills. July 2015.
1249:
269:
2432:"Student finance: higher education: Full-time undergraduates"
413:
loans within five years ... almost double the current debt".
53:
1188:"Theresa May's tuition fees revolution to win over students"
1685:
Prime Minister's announcement on changes to student funding
95:
2609:"Brexit Party says it will scrap interest on tuition fees"
2346:"Welsh tuition fees to rise by £250 a year from September"
2104:"Free university tuition for EU students in Scotland ends"
548:
171:
2549:"Ministers under fire as student loan interest hits 6.3%"
2372:"Students who Started a Course on or After 1 August 2018"
1951:
1157:"Prime Minister launches major review of post-18 funding"
1563:"Student Support in England:Written statement - HCWS310"
139:
costs. We have chosen to examine four options in depth.
2949:
2920:
from the original on 24 September 2015 – via IFS.
1889:"The worst place for poor students in the UK? Scotland"
1533:"Participation rates in higher education: 2006 to 2016"
993:"University fees table – why charge less than the max?"
2234:"Legal challenge over fees for English students fails"
1823:
Williams, Rachel; Vasagar, Jeevan (18 November 2010).
1011:"Tuition fees case: Callum Hurley and Katy Moore lose"
972:
Vasagar, Jeevan; Shepherd, Jessica (3 November 2010).
2811:"Reality Check: What would wiping student debt cost?"
601:"Statistics: participation rates in higher education"
203:
2901:
1474:"The ticking time bomb under Britain's universities"
2294:"Scottish Government - Graduate endowment scrapped"
1916:
1914:
121:
National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education
2864:
2833:
1432:
286:granted a settled or pre-settled status under the
2509:
974:"Willetts announces student fees of up to £9,000"
932:
739:. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Archived from
2964:
1911:
1847:
1816:
428:
1822:
1645:
971:
27:Cost of higher education in the United Kingdom.
1653:"Undergraduate tuition fees and student loans"
1388:. Green Party of England and Wales. 3 May 2023
760:
758:
706:"The Dearing Report - List of recommendations"
668:
549:Stuart Alley and Mat Smith (27 January 2004).
542:
260:Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom
245:cost of tuition around £11,000; or £12,500 in
163:Higher Education act and £3,000 fee cap (2004)
82:Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom
2902:Goodman, A.; Leicester, A.; Reed, H. (2002).
2174:SAAS - The Student Awards Agency for Scotland
844:
1681:
1082:
2264:"Extension of free tuition for EU students"
1883:
1881:
1715:
1713:
1185:
755:
646:"University fees in historical perspective"
2546:
1298:
1968:
1250:"T Levels | The Next Level Qualification"
2699:
1878:
1719:
1710:
643:
416:
334:
276:
268:
175:
99:
96:Dearing report and £1,000 fee cap (1998)
2973:Education finance in the United Kingdom
2637:
2068:"Independent /Young (Dependent) Status"
1920:
1471:
1088:
172:Browne review and £9,000 fee cap (2012)
14:
2978:Higher education in the United Kingdom
2965:
2870:
2791:from the original on 23 September 2015
2497:from the original on 14 September 2019
2467:from the original on 28 September 2020
1722:"May rules out scrapping tuition fees"
1521:from the original on 17 February 2017.
1204:
1186:Riley-Smith, Ben (30 September 2017).
1039:
902:
820:
790:
145:Teaching and Higher Education Act 1998
2839:
2668:
2619:from the original on 19 November 2019
2559:from the original on 29 December 2019
2547:Partington, Richard (18 April 2018).
2515:
2193:
2131:
2129:
2084:from the original on 11 December 2019
1988:from the original on 11 December 2019
1853:
1490:
1472:Lawford, Melissa (17 December 2023).
1299:McGuinness, Alan (11 February 2020).
1060:"Student maintenance grants scrapped"
1021:from the original on 31 December 2017
990:
712:from the original on 21 December 2010
686:from the original on 14 November 2010
2743:from the original on 10 October 2019
2702:"How Germany abolished tuition fees"
2681:from the original on 7 November 2019
2650:from the original on 7 November 2019
2589:from the original on 13 October 2019
2394:
2326:from the original on 1 February 2020
2300:from the original on 29 October 2014
2274:from the original on 10 October 2019
2244:from the original on 10 October 2019
2214:from the original on 10 October 2019
2147:from the original on 10 October 2019
1933:from the original on 28 January 2016
1732:from the original on 12 October 2018
1698:from the original on 13 October 2018
1691:. London: House of Commons Library.
1603:from the original on 6 November 2020
1543:from the original on 27 October 2017
1101:from the original on 17 January 2016
644:Anderson, Robert (8 February 2016).
595:
593:
2852:from the original on 19 August 2017
2733:"Tabelle 1.9.5 - BMBF Daten-Portal"
2700:Coughlan, Sean (3 September 2015).
1921:Robbins, Martin (28 January 2016).
1720:Coughlan, Sean (19 February 2018).
1573:from the original on 22 August 2020
1275:"T Levels | Pearson qualifications"
884:from the original on 20 August 2017
878:"Scots MPs attacked over fees vote"
766:"Teaching and Higher Education Act"
730:
656:from the original on 17 August 2016
321:
24:
2821:from the original on 19 April 2019
2412:from the original on 23 March 2020
2382:from the original on 4 August 2020
2320:"MSPs vote to scrap endowment fee"
2126:
2114:from the original on 4 August 2020
2048:from the original on 23 March 2020
2018:from the original on 23 March 2020
1899:from the original on 23 March 2020
1866:from the original on 27 April 2016
1798:from the original on 3 March 2016.
1762:from the original on 23 March 2020
1682:Hubble, Sue; Bolton, Paul (2018).
1663:from the original on 16 April 2020
1511:"[ZIP file] EoC16 Dataset"
1414:. Green Party of England and Wales
1311:from the original on 11 April 2020
1167:from the original on 14 April 2022
1089:Beattie, Jason (14 January 2016).
253:
204:May reform, and frozen fees (2018)
62:Minister of State for Universities
25:
2989:
2927:
2669:Adams, Richard (12 August 2019).
2194:Kelly, Matthew (24 August 2011).
1854:Adams, Richard (12 August 2014).
1835:from the original on 10 June 2017
1633:from the original on 29 July 2020
1070:from the original on 30 July 2018
903:Bolton, Paul (23 November 2010).
821:Bolton, Paul (23 November 2010).
791:Bolton, Paul (23 November 2010).
772:from the original on 7 April 2003
590:
208:In February 2018, Prime Minister
143:In response to the findings, the
2911:IFS (2002) the Green Budget 2002
2883:from the original on 7 July 2017
2730:
2712:from the original on 2 June 2020
2528:from the original on 8 July 2017
1843:– via www.theguardian.com.
858:from the original on 26 May 2009
852:"Grants return sets Wales apart"
383:
235:Green Party of England and Wales
2895:
2803:
2773:
2755:
2724:
2693:
2662:
2638:Merrick, Rob (12 August 2019).
2631:
2601:
2571:
2540:
2516:Jones, Rupert (11 April 2017).
2479:
2449:
2424:
2364:
2338:
2312:
2256:
2226:
2187:
2159:
2096:
2060:
2030:
2000:
1945:
1774:
1744:
1675:
1615:
1585:
1555:
1525:
1503:
1484:
1465:
1426:
1400:
1374:
1349:
1323:
1292:
1267:
1242:
1217:
1198:
1179:
1149:
1113:
1052:
1040:Weaver, Matthew (12 May 2015).
1033:
1003:
991:Paige, Jonathan (16 May 2011).
984:
965:
926:
912:Library of the House of Commons
896:
870:
830:Library of the House of Commons
814:
800:Library of the House of Commons
784:
472:2015 Labour leadership election
465:
231:2020 Labour leadership election
159:has since risen to over £5000.
149:countries of the United Kingdom
80:For a chronological guide, see
37:Labour government of Tony Blair
2939:BBC News Q&A: Student Fees
2871:Adonis, Andrew (7 July 2017).
2840:Adams, Richard (7 July 2017).
2322:. BBC News. 28 February 2008.
1491:Adams, Richard (19 May 2024).
854:. BBC News. 12 February 2002.
724:
698:
637:
619:
569:
520:
13:
1:
2731:BMBF, Team Daten-Portal des.
2376:www.studentfinancewales.co.uk
1135:10.1080/03075079.2016.1257601
514:
509:Universal access to education
429:Funding from general taxation
2579:"Repaying your student loan"
2487:"Repaying your student loan"
2038:"Repaying your student loan"
1961:NBER Working Paper No. 23888
1205:Travis, Alan (9 June 2017).
7:
2904:"A Graduate Tax for the UK"
1123:Studies in Higher Education
528:"BBC Q&A: Student Fees"
482:
330:
10:
2994:
2137:"Tuition fees in Scotland"
1279:qualifications.pearson.com
1225:"Introduction of T Levels"
264:
257:
194:student protests in London
79:
75:
394:Bank of England base rate
308:
2944:The Guardian: All Change
2268:Scottish Government News
905:"Tuition Fee Statistics"
823:"Tuition Fee Statistics"
793:"Tuition Fee Statistics"
768:. BBC News. 6 May 1999.
551:"Timeline: Tuition fees"
370:
229:(who went on to win the
530:. BBC News. 9 July 2009
1808:: CS1 maint: others (
627:"History & Policy"
351:
344:Heriot-Watt University
282:
274:
184:
141:
108:
2950:Student Loans Company
459:Number 10 Policy Unit
417:Possible alternatives
402:Student Loans Company
338:
280:
272:
225:leadership candidate
215:2017 general election
179:
126:
103:
70:Student Loans Company
2463:. 22 November 2016.
2044:. 10 December 2015.
1893:www.newstatesman.com
1758:. 25 November 2015.
1017:. 17 February 2012.
921:on 26 December 2010.
839:on 26 December 2010.
809:on 26 December 2010.
737:Education In England
676:"The Dearing Report"
650:History & Policy
631:History & Policy
504:Student Left Network
342:alongside a rock at
288:EU Settlement Scheme
221:. In February 2020,
66:British universities
2769:on 5 February 2015.
2240:. 4 February 2013.
2183:on 26 January 2016.
2014:. 9 December 2015.
1659:. 20 October 2014.
923:Page 2, section 1.2
880:. 27 January 2004.
841:Page 3, section 1.4
811:Page 2, section 1.1
348:Scottish Government
346:inscribed with the
64:has oversight over
1457:has generic name (
1254:www.tlevels.gov.uk
957:has generic name (
633:. 8 February 2016.
499:Socialist Students
494:Right to education
408:In June 2019, the
390:Retail Price Index
352:
283:
275:
185:
109:
89:Education Act 1962
2402:"Student Finance"
2352:. 6 February 2024
1412:greenparty.org.uk
1386:greenparty.org.uk
743:on 15 August 2016
731:Dearing, Ronald.
680:BBC Politics 1997
607:. 31 October 2019
436:Liberal Democrats
137:
130:
16:(Redirected from
2985:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2908:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2765:. Archived from
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2615:. 30 June 2019.
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2176:. Archived from
2171:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2072:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1972:
1958:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1799:
1797:
1786:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1629:. 24 June 2020.
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1442:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1129:(8): 1392–1404.
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1007:
1001:
1000:
988:
982:
981:
969:
963:
962:
956:
952:
950:
942:
930:
924:
922:
920:
914:. Archived from
909:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
874:
868:
867:
865:
863:
848:
842:
840:
838:
832:. Archived from
827:
818:
812:
810:
808:
802:. Archived from
797:
788:
782:
781:
779:
777:
762:
753:
752:
750:
748:
728:
722:
721:
719:
717:
702:
696:
695:
693:
691:
672:
666:
665:
663:
661:
641:
635:
634:
623:
617:
616:
614:
612:
597:
588:
587:
581:
573:
567:
566:
564:
562:
546:
540:
539:
537:
535:
524:
322:Northern Ireland
135:
128:
113:Gillian Shephard
58:Northern Ireland
42:general taxation
21:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2963:
2962:
2946:(guide to fees)
2930:
2925:
2917:
2906:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2817:. 22 May 2017.
2809:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2785:The Independent
2779:
2778:
2774:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2644:The Independent
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2192:
2188:
2180:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2110:. 9 July 2020.
2102:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1919:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1895:. 8 June 2021.
1887:
1886:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1821:
1817:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1756:The Independent
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1718:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1489:
1485:
1470:
1466:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1203:
1199:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1066:. 8 July 2015.
1058:
1057:
1053:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1009:
1008:
1004:
989:
985:
970:
966:
954:
953:
944:
943:
931:
927:
918:
907:
901:
897:
887:
885:
876:
875:
871:
861:
859:
850:
849:
845:
836:
825:
819:
815:
806:
795:
789:
785:
775:
773:
764:
763:
756:
746:
744:
729:
725:
715:
713:
708:. Leeds.ac.uk.
704:
703:
699:
689:
687:
674:
673:
669:
659:
657:
642:
638:
625:
624:
620:
610:
608:
599:
598:
591:
579:
575:
574:
570:
560:
558:
547:
543:
533:
531:
526:
525:
521:
517:
485:
468:
431:
419:
386:
373:
333:
324:
311:
267:
262:
256:
254:Current systems
206:
174:
165:
117:Sir Ron Dearing
98:
85:
78:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2959:
2958:
2956:Dearing Report
2953:
2947:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2928:External links
2926:
2924:
2923:
2894:
2863:
2832:
2802:
2772:
2754:
2723:
2692:
2661:
2630:
2600:
2570:
2539:
2508:
2478:
2448:
2423:
2393:
2363:
2337:
2311:
2285:
2255:
2238:HeraldScotland
2225:
2186:
2158:
2125:
2095:
2059:
2029:
2008:"Tuition fees"
1999:
1970:10.3386/w23888
1944:
1910:
1877:
1846:
1815:
1773:
1743:
1709:
1674:
1644:
1614:
1584:
1554:
1524:
1502:
1483:
1464:
1425:
1399:
1373:
1348:
1322:
1291:
1266:
1241:
1216:
1197:
1178:
1148:
1112:
1081:
1051:
1032:
1002:
983:
964:
925:
895:
869:
843:
813:
783:
754:
723:
697:
667:
636:
618:
589:
568:
541:
518:
516:
513:
512:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
489:Free education
484:
481:
467:
464:
453:In July 2017,
430:
427:
418:
415:
385:
382:
372:
369:
332:
329:
323:
320:
310:
307:
266:
263:
255:
252:
242:high inflation
205:
202:
173:
170:
164:
161:
97:
94:
77:
74:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2990:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2742:
2739:(in German).
2738:
2734:
2727:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2437:
2436:www.gov.wales
2433:
2427:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1811:
1805:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1714:
1694:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1597:UK Parliament
1594:
1588:
1572:
1568:
1567:UK Parliament
1564:
1558:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1479:
1478:The Telegraph
1475:
1468:
1460:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1193:
1192:The Telegraph
1189:
1182:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1006:
998:
994:
987:
979:
975:
968:
960:
948:
940:
936:
929:
917:
913:
906:
899:
883:
879:
873:
857:
853:
847:
835:
831:
824:
817:
805:
801:
794:
787:
771:
767:
761:
759:
742:
738:
734:
727:
711:
707:
701:
685:
682:. BBC. 1997.
681:
677:
671:
655:
651:
647:
640:
632:
628:
622:
606:
602:
596:
594:
585:
578:
572:
556:
552:
545:
529:
523:
519:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
480:
477:
473:
463:
460:
456:
451:
448:
444:
443:Jeremy Corbyn
440:
437:
426:
424:
414:
411:
406:
403:
398:
395:
391:
384:Interest fees
381:
377:
368:
365:
364:Rhona Brankin
360:
356:
349:
345:
341:
337:
328:
319:
315:
306:
303:
301:
296:
291:
289:
279:
271:
261:
251:
248:
247:Russell Group
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
201:
197:
195:
191:
190:Browne Review
182:
178:
169:
160:
156:
152:
150:
146:
140:
133:
125:
122:
118:
114:
111:In May 1996,
106:
102:
93:
90:
83:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
45:
43:
38:
34:
30:
19:
2960:
2910:
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2877:The Guardian
2876:
2866:
2854:. Retrieved
2846:The Guardian
2845:
2835:
2823:. Retrieved
2814:
2805:
2795:13 September
2793:. Retrieved
2784:
2775:
2767:the original
2757:
2745:. Retrieved
2736:
2726:
2714:. Retrieved
2705:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2675:The Guardian
2674:
2664:
2652:. Retrieved
2643:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2612:
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