421:
332:, because there would be a large funding gap in the short term. It estimates that if all new students from 2012 paid 3% graduate tax after graduation, the tax would not provide sufficient revenue to fund higher education until 2041–42. This would weaken the independence of universities, which would become entirely dependent on the government for funding. It argues that its own proposals would force universities to improve standards to compete for students: their relationship with students would become more important to universities than their relationship with government.
128:
141:, the former Business Secretary who set up the review into higher education funding, hinted in July 2009 at a tuition fee rise stating that excellence in higher education was "not cheap" and that the country "had to face up to the challenge of paying for excellence". The Labour Party manifesto for the 2010 General Election promised extra University places but made no commitment on how much students would have to pay. During the Labour Party leadership election in 2010 following the resignation of
572:"Young people up and down the country, starting secondary school, studying for their GCSEs, or thinking about A-levels – those are the ones who will be making life changing choices, based on this review and decisions made behind closed doors. It is essential that the Government demonstrates they are in tune with young people's views, by widely consulting under 18-year-olds and establishing the impact upon this group, before any legislative change to university funding is introduced."
456:
550:. He stated: "It is completely shambolic for the Lib Dem secretary of state to make a speech advocating one policy one week then for a Tory briefing to point in a different direction a week late....Discussion of higher education finance within the coalition is now being governed more by managing the internal politics of the government than the interests of students, universities or the wider taxpayer."
566:"Fees themselves are unfair and act as a barrier to education, widening the rich-poor divide which exists in this country. I and many other members of the UK Youth Parliament seriously condemn this action. The news that fees are set to go up, and that the graduate tax is to be dropped is truly worrying for young people.
118:
gave the
Liberal Democrats, who had campaigned against fee increases, the right to abstain from any vote to increase tuition fees. In this case, the effective majority of the Conservatives would fall to 24, meaning that the government could potentially be defeated by a rebellion of 12 of its own MPs.
596:
stated that the government had "got its maths wrong" by overestimating the amount of money students would repay with a £21,000 threshold. The
Guardian have revealed that based on 2014 estimates 45% of student loan debt will never be repaid. If this figure reaches the threshold of 48% then more money
320:
Students would repay the loans after graduation, and only when they are earning more than £21,000. Repayments would be made at a rate of 9% on any income above £21,000. Any debt not repaid after 30 years would be written off. For comparison, the system at the time demanded repayments of 9% on income
47:
According to Lord
Mandelson the review would consider "balance of contributions to universities by taxpayers, students, graduates and employers" to University finances. The review would consider how much students should be charged for attending University. The panel was told to take into account the
559:
The UK Youth
Parliament, an affiliate of the British Youth Council also responded to the Browne Review. Their criticism centred around both the way in which the review was conducted and the conclusion it reached. The UK Youth Parliament believed that lifting the cap on University tuition fees would
67:
The survey focussed on how much participants would be willing to pay if fees were restructured. It asked 80 school pupils, 40 parents, 40 early-year
University students, and 18 part-time students from various backgrounds for their opinion on University funding. Participants of the survey were posed
584:
Analysis by the
Chartered Institute for Taxation found most graduates will pay off their debt for the rest of their lives if they repay at the lowest possible rate due to the way the debt will increase by RPI inflation plus 3% over the years that the graduates repay it. Someone starting on £21,000
344:
announced new government proposals following the review. The proposals incorporate many features of Lord Browne's recommendations: loans would be offered to all students to cover fees, to be repaid only when graduates are earning over £21,000, at a rate of 9%, written off after 30 years; part-time
169:
The
Conservatives have said that they will "consider carefully" the outcome of the review. In June 2010, David Willets stated that under the current arrangements students were a "burden on the taxpayer that had to be tackled" although he also stated he did not want to pre-empt the findings of Lord
235:
have stated that there should be an increase in the cap to generate competition between universities. Wendy Piatt, head of the
Russell Group, has stated that current levels of funding are not adequate if Universities are to remain globally competitive. The 1994 Group have called for the review to
173:
The
Liberal Democrats have traditionally supported free higher education but downgraded this pledge because it was seen to be an unaffordable spending commitment. The Liberal Democrats had promised to abolish tuition fees over 6 years. All the elected Liberal Democrat MPs, as well as a number of
186:
The
Liberal Democrats agreed to abstain on a vote to increase fees as part of a Liberal-Conservative coalition government which emerged following the 2010 General Election. This would allow the Conservatives to pass an increase in tuition fees or even the removal of the cap on fees without the
348:
But in a break with the review's proposals, the government proposed an absolute cap on fees of £9,000 per year. Universities charging fees of over £6,000 per year would be required to contribute to a National Scholarships program. There would be a tougher regime of sanctions encouraging these
437:(NCAFC) organising a mass national walk out of education and protest. On 30 November 2010 further protests were held in London with demonstrators congregating in Trafalgar Square as well as in other cities around the UK. The protests in London resulted in 153 arrests and with the
428:
On 10 November 2010, students staged the first in a series of marches to demonstrate against the proposed increase in the rise in tuition fees. The demonstrations in London received negative publicity after a group of protesters attacked the Conservative party headquarters. The
446:
vote on whether to approve measures which could see the rise in tuition fees, further demonstrations were held in London. The protests, this time policed by 2800 officers, saw tensions running high and angry scenes as the debate on the proposals was discussed in the Commons.
505:
stated: "The lack of student representatives is particularly concerning as it is these people who will really suffer if fees are raised. It is disgraceful that there hasn't been an opportunity to scrutinise the make-up of the review's panel or its remit in Parliament".
191:, has stated that senior Liberal Democrats have told them that they consider their election manifesto pledge to be "complete nonsense" and that the "visceral" opposition to fees from the party base was not shared by senior figures. Former Liberal Democrat leader
585:
and seeing their salary increase by 5% a year would end up paying £64,239 over 30 years, with an unpaid debt of £26,406 at the end of their working lives. This also suggests that the national debt may increase rather than fall as a result of the new system.
534:
stated: "There is a real danger that this review will pave the way for higher fees and a market in prices that would see poorer students priced out of more prestigious universities and other students and universities consigned to the 'bargain basement'".
52:. The review had been promised in 2004 to try to win over Labour rebels who nearly rejected the Bill which introduced £3,000 a year fees. The review would consider other issues including simplifying the system of student finance and bursary arrangements.
39:. It recommended wide-ranging changes to the system of university funding, including removing the cap on the level of fees that universities can charge, and increasing the income level at which graduates must begin to pay back their loans to £21,000.
76:
In March 2010, the review published its initial findings stating that it had found "clear agreement" that the current level of fees had not deterred students but that the system of finance for part-time students was inadequate. The panel also found:
55:
The Browne Review made its first call for evidence in December 2009. Times Higher Education reported that the review's themes were "participation rates, the quality of the higher education system and affordability for students and the state".
394:
states that "If the response of the Government to Lord Browne's report is one that Liberal Democrats cannot accept, then arrangements will be made to enable Liberal Democrat MPs to abstain in any vote". and Liberal Democrat leader
575:
The Government made the decision to increase University tuition fees to a maximum of £9,000 with a view that higher education institutions should invest some of the extra income from fees above £6,000 in promoting fair access.
441:
accusing the police of pre-emptively "blocking" the protest route and so keeping them in the square. The police replied that they never had "any intention to contain the protesters." On 9 December 2010, the day of the
1843:
371:. The Labour Party opposed the fee increase and Conservatives mostly agreed. Liberal Democrats MPs voted both ways, with 28 voting for, 21 against and 8 not voting. Liberal Democrat ministers voted for the change;
486:
as "one of New Labour's favourite businessmen". Two Vice-Chancellors and a civil servant who advised the government on the introduction of the current fee regime also form part of the team conducting the review.
249:
The University and Colleges Union have stated that lifting the cap on tuition fees would be 'the most regressive piece of education policy since the war' and suggest replacing fees with a Business Education Tax.
199:
has stated that the issue of fees could split the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government while reiterating the opposition of the Liberal Democrats to tuition fees. The MP for the student-populated
521:
suggested that the Browne Review which had been expected to report in the summer would be delayed until the Autumn so as to avoid opponents causing trouble over fees during the party conference season.
509:
Sally Hunt, of the University and College Union, criticised the lack of employee representation on the panel, suggesting that, by contrast, business and employer interests had a lot of representation.
1649:
490:
Following the 2010 General Election Lord Browne accepted a role as the Government's Lead Non-Executive Director' to advise on the appointment of business leaders to reformed departmental boards.
569:"We are deeply concerned that young people under the age of 18, those whom increased fees will actually hit, haven't been adequately consulted about the proposed changes to university funding.
433:, who had staged the protests, condemned the violence as "despicable" with union president Aaron Porter saying "this was not part of our plan". Protests continued on 24 November 2010 with the
271:
has warned that increasing tuition fees could land medical students with debts in excess of £90,000, as medical degrees are longer and give students less time to partake in part-time work.
195:
has said that he is "likely" to honour the pledge he made to his constituents and rebel against his party by voting against a rise in fees and newly elected Liberal Democrat Deputy Leader
1896:
996:
593:
219:
although a senior Conservative anonymously briefed against Mr Cable stating it was "unlikely" that a graduate tax would be adopted. Liberal Democrat leader and Deputy Prime Minister
64:
The Browne Review spent £68,000 on research, from a research budget of £120,000. The majority of the expenditure funded one unpublished opinion survey of students and parents.
257:
stated that lifting the cap on tuition fees was the only "viable and fair" way of financing higher education and that the "liberalisation of the fee regime" was a future aim.
2047:
1851:
472:
The Browne Review has been the subject of several criticisms related to its perceived lack of independence, lack of Parliamentary scrutiny and lack of representativeness.
2216:
310:
Removing the current £3,290 per year cap on the tuition fees that universities can charge to students. There would be no cap on the fees that an institution could charge.
93:
that there has been progress over the past five years in widening participation to higher education, but that this has been less marked at the most selective universities
1824:
264:
concludes in its submission that: "Increasing fees without increasing loans and/or grants by the same value or more will result in a negative impact on participation".
231:
The Russell Group's submission to the review stated that graduates should pay real rates of interest on their student loans to prevent a university funding crisis. The
84:
consensus that potential students need better information, advice and guidance, including information on the teaching experience they can expect on different courses
1122:
1701:
1196:
352:
There will be further consultation on early repayment systems, to avoid richer graduates gaining an unfair advantage by 'buying themselves out' of the system.
1657:
391:
115:
1455:
1355:
2257:
208:, is considered to be the leader of a backbench rebellion against the review that is indicated to have the support of at least thirty Liberal Democrats.
1725:
1694:
517:
The Liberal Democrats criticised the fact that the panel would not report its findings until following the General Election. BBC education journalist
1488:
2444:
1873:
794:
556:
criticised the fact that the Russell Group's submission the Browne review was confidential with a freedom of information request being rejected.
1000:
669:
688:
2283:
2243:
1679:
345:
students would be entitled to loans on a similar basis to full-time students; there would be a real interest rate with a progressive taper.
430:
2439:
609:– Former BP Chief. It is Browne's most high-profile appointment since being forced to quit BP after being found to have lied in court.
530:
The National Union of Students warned the review could create a market based system of higher education. In 2009, then NUS President
563:
Former Member of UK Youth Parliament and UKYP National Spokesperson Harrison Carter commented on behalf of the organisation saying:
106:
in 2009, but did not report until after the 2010 General Election. No party won the election outright, and after negotiations the
2434:
2365:
633:
438:
434:
399:
considered a mass abstention of the Liberal Democrat party on the issue in order to prevent a three-way split within the party.
2388:
606:
443:
32:
1530:
1290:
834:
760:
502:
460:
279:
The Browne Review into the future of Higher Education Funding published its report on 12 October 2010 in a document entitled
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2021:
1410:
970:
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1972:
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857:
715:
2126:
1149:
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773:
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clear evidence that bursaries are not understood by students early enough to have a substantial impact on their choices
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1200:
1022:
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1049:
1245:
2051:
643:
553:
380:
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1828:
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ensure that cost does not prevent people from attending University and for a focus on the student experience.
612:
324:
Part-time students would no longer have to pay upfront tuition fees, and would instead be eligible for loans.
1771:
560:
force young people to make "financially driven choices when it comes to choosing where and what to study".
406:. Cable gave a number of contradictory accounts of whether he would vote in favour or abstain from voting.
261:
2358:
268:
1582:"University and College Union – Fees increase will put university 'out of reach for majority', warns"
917:
31:
It was launched on 9 November 2009 and published its findings on 12 October 2010. It was chaired by
1626:
1604:
1267:
947:
905:
884:
692:
628:
415:
175:
597:
would have been collected under the "old" system of £3,000 fees with a lower repayment threshold.
420:
1749:
518:
107:
689:"Independent Review of Higher Education Funding and Student Finance » Members' biographies"
2351:
313:
The government would provide upfront loans to cover tuition fees and living costs of students.
111:
1181:
1081:
747:
302:
Part-time students should be treated the same as full-time students for the costs of learning
424:
Students staged a number of demonstrations leading up to the Commons vote on 9 December 2010
2413:
2217:"Response to the Review of Higher Education and Student Finance in England 12 October 2010"
648:
8:
482:
242:
have stated that students should not be asked to pay more for cuts in public funding and
542:
criticised anonymous briefings from the Conservative Party against the possibility of a
2393:
1169:
1123:"Leading Article: A graduate tax would not serve universities well – Higher, Education"
1069:
735:
652:
402:
The minister responsible for the proposals was Business Secretary and Liberal Democrat
355:
The government intends to implement the changes in time for the 2012/13 academic year.
1150:"David Willetts hints that university students will face higher fees | Education"
906:
Now that's research impact: 'paradigm-shifting' Browne drew on a single opinion survey
480:
The independence of the review has been questioned. Lord Browne has been described by
788:
103:
2194:
2171:
2104:
1507:
2127:"NUS to voice public horror over plans to hike fees: News Archive: News And Events"
1559:
1312:
1223:
811:
637:
201:
192:
188:
25:
997:"Balls favours graduate tax rather than up front tuition fees | On Air Today"
48:
goal of widening participation. The panel would report its findings following the
1897:"Labour slam Vince Cable over tuition fees 'farce' as he performs another U-turn"
1825:"The Coalition: our programme for government: Universities and further education"
1775:
1581:
205:
161:
was the only candidate in the leadership election not to support a graduate tax.
138:
134:
was the only candidate in the Labour leadership election to reject a graduate tax
2148:
1998:
1949:
1926:
1387:
2403:
664:
624:
341:
158:
131:
293:
Everyone who has the potential should be able to benefit from Higher Education
2428:
531:
376:
372:
254:
127:
1050:"Ed Miliband suggests taxing graduates to fund universities | Politics"
948:"Review finds "clear agreement" that top-up fees have not deterred students"
187:
Liberal Democrats voting them down. The chief executive of Universities UK,
589:
543:
539:
384:
329:
212:
196:
154:
142:
2398:
1460:
1360:
1147:
1047:
618:
547:
403:
239:
216:
150:
246:
have called for more progressive alternatives to variable tuition fees.
2408:
2284:"Tuition fees: former Tory adviser says government got its maths wrong"
467:
396:
314:
232:
220:
2323:"Lord Browne of Madingley heads team to look at raising tuition fees"
1650:"Raising tuition fees 'could leave medical students £90,000 in debt'"
383:
to vote against the increase. Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats
283:. The report based its recommendations on six principles which were:
243:
1023:"Ed Miliband | Why I'd bin tuition fees | Comment is free"
1772:"University Tuition Fee Cap – Raise Upper Limit to £9,000 Per Year"
1682:. Department for Business, Innovation & Skills. 12 October 2010
146:
1973:"Second day of student protests - how the demonstrations happened"
1920:
1918:
1097:"David Miliband becomes Labour's lone star against a graduate tax"
317:
grants would be available for students from lower income families.
22:
Independent Review of Higher Education Funding and Student Finance
2149:"BBC News – Rejection of graduate tax plans labelled 'shambolic'"
1726:"The Browne report: higher education funding and student finance"
463:
criticised the lack of Parliamentary scrutiny of the review panel
455:
2343:
579:
1915:
713:
501:
In November 2009, Liberal Democrat Universities Spokesperson
1560:"UK | Education | Review of student fees launched"
1246:"Lib Dem MPs sign the pledge: Funding Our Future: Campaigns"
858:"Former BP head to run tuition fees review | Education"
812:"UK | Education | Review of student fees launched"
774:"The Press Association: Browne heads student funding review"
716:"Former BP head to run tuition fees review | Education"
615:– Advisor to former Labour Education Minister David Blunkett
1197:"Lib Dems downgrade tuition fees pledge » The Journal"
178:, promising to vote against any proposed increase in fees.
1844:"How Nick Clegg and Vince Cable clashed over tuition fees"
1048:
Allegra Stratton, political correspondent (25 June 2010).
971:"Mandelson hints tuition fees could rise | Education"
87:
some concerns that a minority of students are deterred by
2172:"Oxford students challenge tuition fees review 'secrecy'"
1627:"Participation would fall if fees rise without extra aid"
1508:"Universities say students may face earlier loan payback"
1148:
Jessica Shepherd, education correspondent (9 June 2010).
498:
There is no student representation on the Browne Review.
68:
questions on an upper-limit on fees of £6,000 per-annum.
2258:"Students prepare for battle in a looming new class war"
1313:"Ex-Lib Dem leader Campbell would rebel on tuition fees"
941:
939:
937:
935:
287:
More investment should be available for Higher Education
2195:"Top universities in Russell Group fees review protest"
1992:
1990:
321:
above £15,000, and debt was written off after 25 years.
36:
1950:"Violence at Tory HQ overshadows student fees protest"
1927:"Protesters mount their last stand as fees vote nears"
1605:"Russell Group: if you want the best, the cap must go"
1438:"Government 'rejects' Vince Cable's graduate tax plan"
164:
1411:"Leeds students speak out in tuition fee controversy"
1282:
932:
546:, a policy which had been mooted by Liberal Democrat
1987:
1680:"Securing a Sustainable Future for Higher Education"
1224:"Students threaten to swing seats over tuition fees"
468:
Criticisms before the release of the review findings
253:
In their second submission to the Browne Review the
1999:"Student tuition fee protest ends with 153 arrests"
157:as a method of funding universities in the future.
714:Polly Curtis, education editor (9 November 2009).
335:
281:Securing a Sustainable Future for Higher Education
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
771:
409:
392:Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement
363:The Parliamentary vote on increasing the maximum
24:was a review to consider the future direction of
2426:
1971:Gabbatt, Adam; Batty, David (25 November 2010).
1672:
968:
806:
804:
299:When payments are made they should be affordable
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2277:
2275:
2255:
1531:"Cap doesn't fit: let's raise it incrementally"
1487:Riddell, Mary; Kirkup, James (20 August 2010).
358:
296:No-one should have to pay until they start work
2050:. Cabinet Office. 30 June 2010. Archived from
1545:
1489:"Nick Clegg backs tax on university graduates"
1456:"The article requested is no longer available"
1356:"The article requested is no longer available"
600:
2359:
2071:
2069:
2048:"Lord Browne appointed to key Whitehall role"
1486:
801:
691:. Hereview.independent.gov.uk. Archived from
580:Criticisms of subsequent government proposals
306:The main recommendations of the report were:
2301:
2281:
2272:
1970:
1797:Evans, Lisa; Taylor, D J (9 December 2010).
1750:"student-finance | News & speeches"
999:. PoliticsHome. 10 June 2010. Archived from
1796:
793:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
226:
114:parties formed a coalition government. The
2366:
2352:
2078:"Tuition fees review 'lacks independence'"
2066:
2022:"Tuition fees review 'lacks independence'"
1505:
1799:"Tuition fees: all the votes all the MPs"
1629:. Times Higher Education. 28 January 2010
367:was held on 9 December 2010, following a
2192:
2169:
1996:
1947:
1435:
1221:
1194:
454:
419:
126:
2445:Education finance in the United Kingdom
1602:
1268:"Lib Dems free to abstain on fees vote"
1094:
945:
439:National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts
435:National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts
181:
2427:
1894:
1647:
1288:
1199:. Journal-online.co.uk. Archived from
882:
855:
97:
59:
2347:
2320:
2105:"Nightmare scenario for universities"
2102:
2075:
2019:
1948:Harrison, Angela (10 November 2010).
1924:
1408:
1270:. Times Higher Education. 12 May 2010
493:
2256:Iain Macwhirter (11 November 2010).
2244:Government response to Browne Review
1876:. Press Association. 6 December 2010
1841:
1528:
1291:"Lib Dem division on fees abolition"
832:
211:In July 2010 it was reported that a
1388:"University tuition fees 'to rise'"
670:Student loans in the United Kingdom
525:
328:The review rejects the option of a
165:Conservatives and Liberal Democrats
71:
13:
1997:Coughlan, Sean (1 December 2010).
1925:Sharp, Heather (9 December 2010).
1506:Richardson, Hannah (14 May 2010).
1436:Shepherd, Jessica (22 July 2010).
1335:"The Times & the Sunday Times"
946:Attwood, Rebecca (15 March 2010).
290:Student choice should be increased
215:was seriously being considered by
14:
2471:
2440:2010 disestablishments in England
2373:
2076:Paton, Graeme (9 November 2009).
2020:Paton, Graeme (9 November 2009).
1874:"MPs urge tuition fee vote delay"
1842:Kite, Melissa (4 December 2010).
1702:"Browne report executive summary"
969:Jessica Shepherd (27 July 2009).
856:Curtis, Polly (9 November 2009).
835:"Lord Browne to lead fees review"
642:Rajay Naik – Board Member of the
594:Higher Education Policy Institute
2321:Hurst, Greg (10 November 2009).
2170:Coughlan, Sean (27 April 2010).
1895:Aitken, Mark (5 December 2010).
1603:Attwood, Rebecca (18 May 2010).
1222:Coughlan, Sean (27 April 2010).
1095:Shackle, Samira (30 June 2010).
883:Morgan, John (7 December 2009).
223:has also backed a graduate tax.
102:The Browne Review was set up by
35:, the former chief executive of
2249:
2237:
2209:
2186:
2163:
2141:
2119:
2096:
2040:
2013:
1964:
1941:
1888:
1866:
1835:
1827:. UK Government. Archived from
1817:
1790:
1764:
1742:
1718:
1641:
1619:
1596:
1574:
1522:
1499:
1480:
1448:
1429:
1409:Baron, John (12 October 2010).
1402:
1380:
1348:
1327:
1305:
1260:
1238:
1215:
1188:
1141:
1115:
1088:
1041:
1015:
989:
962:
910:
554:Oxford University Student Union
475:
336:Subsequent government proposals
2435:2009 establishments in England
2282:Rowena Mason (21 March 2014).
2193:Coughlan, Sean (10 May 2010).
899:
876:
849:
833:Gill, John (9 November 2009).
826:
765:
754:
707:
681:
410:Protests against the proposals
349:universities to widen access.
1:
1975:. London: The Guardian Online
675:
450:
1648:Devlin, Kate (29 May 2010).
1289:Morgan, John (20 May 2010).
1195:Joe Pike (20 January 2010).
359:Vote on maximum tuition fees
262:Institute for Fiscal Studies
174:others, also signed the NUS
7:
2450:Higher education in England
2103:Baker, Mike (5 June 2010).
1562:. BBC News. 9 November 2009
1390:. BBC News. 12 October 2010
814:. BBC News. 9 November 2009
658:
621:– Former Treasury economist
601:Members of the Review group
274:
269:British Medical Association
10:
2476:
1529:Gill, John (15 May 2010).
431:National Union of Students
413:
2455:Public finance of England
2381:
627:– Vice Chancellor of the
512:
153:came out in support of a
122:
2389:Lord Browne of Madingley
1850:. London. Archived from
1656:. London. Archived from
1607:. Times Higher Education
1533:. Times Higher Education
1293:. Times Higher Education
950:. Times Higher Education
887:. Times Higher Education
837:. Times Higher Education
761:Review research spending
629:University of Birmingham
607:Lord Browne of Madingley
538:In July 2010, Labour MP
459:Former Liberal Democrat
416:2010 UK student protests
227:Submissions and lobbying
176:Vote for Students pledge
149:and the eventual winner
42:
33:Lord Browne of Madingley
1315:. BBC News. 28 May 2010
772:(UKPA) – 22 hours ago.
653:Standard Chartered Bank
1029:. London. 25 June 2010
464:
425:
135:
2460:Student financial aid
1129:. London. 1 July 2010
636:– Vice Chancellor of
458:
423:
130:
50:2010 General Election
885:"Lord Browne begins"
340:On 3 November 2010,
182:Coalition Government
28:funding in England.
2151:. BBC. 21 July 2010
2054:on 10 November 2010
1848:The Daily Telegraph
1493:The Daily Telegraph
1203:on 11 December 2010
695:on 12 November 2009
116:Coalition Agreement
98:Political positions
60:Background Research
2394:Sir Michael Barber
1854:on 6 December 2010
1805:. Datablog. London
1584:. UCU. 17 May 2010
1468:on 24 January 2013
1180:has generic name (
1080:has generic name (
746:has generic name (
613:Sir Michael Barber
494:Representativeness
465:
426:
136:
2422:
2421:
2260:. Herald Scotland
1778:. 9 December 2010
2467:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2345:
2344:
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2334:
2318:
2299:
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2279:
2270:
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2253:
2247:
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2213:
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2202:
2190:
2184:
2183:
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2179:
2167:
2161:
2160:
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2156:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1730:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
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1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1556:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1464:. Archived from
1452:
1446:
1445:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1364:. Archived from
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1286:
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1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1145:
1139:
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1136:
1134:
1119:
1113:
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1110:
1108:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
943:
930:
929:
927:
925:
914:
908:
903:
897:
896:
894:
892:
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
853:
847:
846:
844:
842:
830:
824:
823:
821:
819:
808:
799:
798:
792:
784:
782:
780:
769:
763:
758:
752:
751:
745:
741:
739:
731:
729:
727:
711:
705:
704:
702:
700:
685:
644:Big Lottery Fund
638:Aston University
526:Other criticisms
503:Stephen Williams
461:Stephen Williams
444:House of Commons
369:week of protests
202:Leeds North West
189:Nicola Dandridge
112:Liberal Democrat
72:Interim findings
26:higher education
2475:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2377:
2372:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2319:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2280:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2074:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1836:
1831:on 26 May 2010.
1823:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1776:The Public Whip
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1504:
1500:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1368:on 31 July 2012
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1193:
1189:
1177:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1127:The Independent
1121:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1093:
1089:
1077:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
1003:on 16 July 2011
995:
994:
990:
980:
978:
967:
963:
953:
951:
944:
933:
923:
921:
920:. 10 March 2011
918:"Review Survey"
916:
915:
911:
904:
900:
890:
888:
881:
877:
867:
865:
854:
850:
840:
838:
831:
827:
817:
815:
810:
809:
802:
786:
785:
778:
776:
770:
766:
759:
755:
743:
742:
733:
732:
725:
723:
712:
708:
698:
696:
687:
686:
682:
678:
661:
603:
582:
528:
515:
496:
478:
470:
453:
418:
412:
361:
338:
277:
229:
206:Greg Mulholland
184:
167:
125:
100:
74:
62:
45:
12:
11:
5:
2473:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2404:David Eastwood
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2341:
2340:
2300:
2271:
2248:
2236:
2208:
2185:
2162:
2140:
2118:
2095:
2065:
2039:
2012:
1986:
1963:
1940:
1914:
1887:
1865:
1834:
1816:
1789:
1763:
1741:
1717:
1693:
1671:
1660:on 1 June 2010
1640:
1618:
1595:
1573:
1544:
1521:
1498:
1479:
1447:
1428:
1401:
1379:
1347:
1326:
1304:
1281:
1259:
1237:
1214:
1187:
1140:
1114:
1087:
1040:
1014:
988:
961:
931:
909:
898:
875:
848:
825:
800:
764:
753:
706:
679:
677:
674:
673:
672:
667:
665:Dearing Report
660:
657:
656:
655:
646:
640:
631:
625:David Eastwood
622:
616:
610:
602:
599:
581:
578:
527:
524:
514:
511:
495:
492:
477:
474:
469:
466:
452:
449:
414:Main article:
411:
408:
360:
357:
342:David Willetts
337:
334:
326:
325:
322:
318:
311:
304:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
276:
273:
228:
225:
183:
180:
166:
163:
159:David Miliband
139:Lord Mandelson
132:David Miliband
124:
121:
99:
96:
95:
94:
91:
85:
82:
73:
70:
61:
58:
44:
41:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2472:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:Browne Review
2369:
2364:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2276:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2225:
2218:
2212:
2196:
2189:
2173:
2166:
2150:
2144:
2128:
2122:
2106:
2099:
2083:
2082:The Telegraph
2079:
2072:
2070:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2027:
2026:The Telegraph
2023:
2016:
2000:
1993:
1991:
1974:
1967:
1951:
1944:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1875:
1869:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1826:
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1804:
1800:
1793:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1751:
1745:
1727:
1721:
1703:
1697:
1681:
1675:
1659:
1655:
1654:The Telegraph
1651:
1644:
1628:
1622:
1606:
1599:
1583:
1577:
1561:
1555:
1553:
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1490:
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1367:
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1336:
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1191:
1183:
1178:|author=
1171:
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1124:
1118:
1102:
1101:New Statesman
1098:
1091:
1083:
1078:|author=
1071:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1002:
998:
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938:
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744:|author=
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721:
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645:
641:
639:
635:
632:
630:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
604:
598:
595:
591:
586:
577:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
557:
555:
551:
549:
545:
541:
536:
533:
532:Wes Streeting
523:
520:
510:
507:
504:
499:
491:
488:
485:
484:
483:The Telegraph
473:
462:
457:
448:
445:
440:
436:
432:
422:
417:
407:
405:
400:
398:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
377:Mike Crockart
374:
373:Jenny Willott
370:
366:
356:
353:
350:
346:
343:
333:
331:
323:
319:
316:
312:
309:
308:
307:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
285:
284:
282:
272:
270:
265:
263:
258:
256:
255:Russell Group
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
234:
224:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
203:
198:
194:
193:Ming Campbell
190:
179:
177:
171:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
133:
129:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
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90:
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83:
80:
79:
78:
69:
65:
57:
53:
51:
40:
38:
34:
29:
27:
23:
19:
18:Browne Review
2374:
2331:. Retrieved
2326:
2291:. Retrieved
2288:The Guardian
2287:
2262:. Retrieved
2251:
2239:
2227:. Retrieved
2223:
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2129:. NUS.org.uk
2121:
2109:. Retrieved
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2081:
2058:15 September
2056:. Retrieved
2052:the original
2042:
2030:. Retrieved
2025:
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
1977:. Retrieved
1966:
1954:. Retrieved
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1905:. Retrieved
1900:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:the original
1847:
1837:
1829:the original
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1803:The Guardian
1802:
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1658:the original
1653:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1621:
1609:. Retrieved
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1535:. Retrieved
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1501:
1492:
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1466:the original
1459:
1450:
1442:The Guardian
1441:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:The Guardian
1414:
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1366:the original
1359:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1262:
1250:. Retrieved
1248:. NUS.org.uk
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1217:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:the original
1190:
1158:. Retrieved
1154:The Guardian
1153:
1143:
1131:. Retrieved
1126:
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1100:
1090:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:The Guardian
1053:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:The Guardian
1026:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
1001:the original
991:
979:. Retrieved
975:The Guardian
974:
964:
952:. Retrieved
922:. Retrieved
912:
901:
889:. Retrieved
878:
866:. Retrieved
862:The Guardian
861:
851:
839:. Retrieved
828:
816:. Retrieved
777:. Retrieved
767:
756:
724:. Retrieved
720:The Guardian
719:
709:
697:. Retrieved
693:the original
683:
590:Nick Hillman
587:
583:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
558:
552:
544:graduate tax
540:Pat McFadden
537:
529:
516:
508:
500:
497:
489:
481:
479:
476:Independence
471:
427:
401:
389:
385:Simon Hughes
379:resigned as
365:tuition fees
362:
354:
351:
347:
339:
330:graduate tax
327:
315:Means tested
305:
280:
278:
266:
259:
252:
248:
238:
230:
213:graduate tax
210:
197:Simon Hughes
185:
172:
168:
155:graduate tax
143:Gordon Brown
137:
108:Conservative
101:
75:
66:
63:
54:
46:
30:
21:
17:
15:
2414:Peter Sands
2399:Diane Coyle
2333:10 November
2264:23 December
2246:bis.gov.uk
2229:17 February
2133:10 November
2088:10 November
2005:12 February
2001:. Bbc.co.uk
1979:25 November
1956:12 February
1952:. Bbc.co.uk
1933:12 February
1929:. Bbc.co.uk
1907:10 December
1901:Sunday Mail
1880:10 December
1858:10 December
1809:10 December
1782:10 December
1756:23 December
1710:12 February
1686:12 February
1461:Google News
1361:Google News
1252:23 December
868:10 November
841:10 November
818:10 November
779:10 November
649:Peter Sands
619:Diane Coyle
548:Vince Cable
404:Vince Cable
387:abstained.
217:Vince Cable
151:Ed Miliband
89:top-up fees
2429:Categories
2409:Julia King
2293:29 October
2197:. BBC News
2174:. BBC News
2107:. BBC News
1903:. Scotland
1734:29 October
1510:. BBC News
1472:26 January
1421:13 October
1394:13 October
1372:26 January
1226:. BBC News
1207:11 October
924:29 October
676:References
634:Julia King
519:Mike Baker
451:Criticisms
397:Nick Clegg
233:1994 Group
221:Nick Clegg
2327:The Times
1495:. London.
1444:. London.
1170:cite news
1070:cite news
736:cite news
651:– CEO of
588:In 2014,
244:Unions 94
2329:. London
2224:harrymyp
2084:. London
2028:. London
1417:. London
1156:. London
1056:. London
977:. London
864:. London
789:cite web
722:. London
659:See also
275:Findings
240:Million+
170:Browne.
147:Ed Balls
2382:Members
2155:21 July
2111:21 July
1664:21 July
1633:21 July
1611:21 July
1588:21 July
1340:13 June
1319:21 July
1297:21 July
1160:21 July
1133:21 July
1107:21 July
1060:21 July
1033:21 July
1007:21 July
981:21 July
592:of the
2201:10 May
2178:10 May
2032:16 May
1566:16 May
1537:16 May
1514:16 May
1274:16 May
1230:10 May
954:10 May
891:10 May
726:16 May
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