860:. Addition of TMV to a battery electrode increases the reactive surface area by an order of magnitude, resulting in an increase in the battery's capacity by up to six times compared to a planar electrode geometry. The TMV-based vector also enabled C. acutatum to transiently express exogenous GFP up to six subcultures and for at least 2 mo after infection, without the need to develop transformation technology, RNAi can be expressed in the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum acutatum by VIGS using a recombinant vector based on TMV in which the ORF of the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was transcribed in fungal cells from a duplicate of the TMV coat protein (CP) subgenomic mRNA promoter and demonstrated that the approach could be used to obtain foreign protein expression in fungi.
781:
31:
574:
585:
56:
263:. Later, in 1903, Ivanovsky published a paper describing abnormal crystal intracellular inclusions in the host cells of the affected tobacco plants and argued the connection between these inclusions and the infectious agent. However, Ivanovsky remained rather convinced, despite repeated failures to produce evidence, that the causal agent was an unculturable bacterium, too small to be retained on the employed Chamberland filters and to be detected in the light microscope. In 1898,
414:
357:
2617:
656:, it is almost symptomless. TMV is able to infect and complete its replication cycle in a plant pathogenic fungus,TMV is able to enter and replicate in cells of C. acutatum, C. clavatum, and C. theobromicola, which may not be an exception, although it has neither been found nor probably searched for in nature.
643:
may also be seen where the infected plant leaves display small localized random wrinkles. These symptoms develop quickly and are more pronounced on younger leaves. Its infection does not result in plant death, but if infection occurs early in the season, plants are stunted. Lower leaves are subjected
697:
for at least two years. As for any plant disease, looking for resistant strains against TMV may also be advised. Furthermore, the cross protection method can be administered, where the stronger strain of TMV infection is inhibited by infecting the host plant with a mild strain of TMV, similar to the
544:
Following entry into its host via mechanical inoculation, TMV uncoats itself to release its viral RNA strand. As uncoating occurs, the MetHel:Pol gene is translated to make the capping enzyme MetHel and the RNA Polymerase. Then the viral genome will further replicate to produce multiple mRNAs via a
465:(CP). The coding sequence starts with the first reading frame, which is 69 nucleotides away from the 5' end of the RNA. The noncoding region at the 5' end can be varied in different individual virions, but there hasn't been any variation found between virions in the noncoding region at the 3' end.
713:
has been developed to allow the host plant to produce the TMV coat protein within their cells. It was hypothesized that the TMV genome will be re-coated rapidly upon entering the host cell, thus it prevents the initiation of TMV replication. Later it was found that the mechanism that protects the
496:
structure. Rather, it will over-winter in infected tobacco stalks and leaves in the soil, on the surface of contaminated seed (TMV can even survive in contaminated tobacco products for many years, so smokers can accidentally transmit it by touch, although not in the smoke itself). With the direct
404:
map at 3.6 Å resolution. Inside the capsid helix, near the core, is the coiled RNA molecule, which is made up of 6,395 ±10 nucleotides. The structure of the virus plays an important role in the recognition of the viral DNA. This happens due to the formation of an obligatory intermediate produced
768:
Another possible source of prevention for TMV is the use of salicylic acid. A study completed by a research team at the
University of Cambridge found that treating plants with salicylic acid reduced the amount of TMV viral RNAs and viral coat protein present in the tobacco plants. Their research
564:
composed of two layers of protomers arranged in a helix. The helical capsid grows by the addition of protomers to the end of the rod. As the rod lengthens, the RNA passes through a channel in its center and forms a loop at the growing end. In this way the RNA can easily fit as a spiral into the
395:
which are assembled into four main alpha-helices, which are joined by a prominent loop proximal to the axis of the virion. Virions are ~300 nm in length and ~18 nm in diameter. Negatively stained electron microphotographs show a distinct inner channel of radius ~2 nm. The RNA is
535:
for longer distance movement within the plant. Moreover, TMV can be transmitted from one plant to another by direct contact. Although TMV does not have defined transmission vectors, the virus can be easily transmitted from the infected hosts to the healthy plants by human handling.
343:
of TMV is single-stranded. This conjecture was proven to be correct after her death and is now known to be the + strand. The investigations of tobacco mosaic disease and subsequent discovery of its viral nature were instrumental in the establishment of the general concepts of
676:
would provide the most favorable condition for TMV to spread out, due to the high population density of possible hosts and the constant temperature throughout the year. It also could be useful to culture TMV in vitro in sap because it can survive up to 3000 days.
386:
of coat protein and one molecule of genomic single strand RNA, 6400 bases long. The coat protein self-assembles into the rod-like helical structure (16.3 proteins per helix turn) around the RNA, which forms a hairpin loop structure (see the
800:), virus assembly and disassembly, and so on, are fundamentally due to the large quantities that can be obtained, plus the fact that it does not infect animals. After growing several hundred infected tobacco plants in a
804:, followed by a few simple laboratory procedures, a scientist can produce several grams of the virus. In fact, tobacco mosaic virus is so proliferate that the inclusion bodies can be seen with only a light microscope.
762:. can be used to reduce the severity of symptoms from TMV in tobacco plants. In the study, treated tobacco plants had more growth and less build-up of TMV virions than tobacco plants that hadn't been treated.
267:
independently replicated
Ivanovsky's filtration experiments and then showed that the infectious agent was able to reproduce and multiply in the host cells of the tobacco plant. Beijerinck adopted the term of
765:
A research has been conducted by H.Fraenkel-Conrat to show the influence of acetic acid on the
Tobacco Mosaic Virus. According to the research, 67% acetic acid resulted as degradation of the virus.
560:
After the coat protein and RNA genome of TMV have been synthesized, they spontaneously assemble into complete TMV virions in a highly organized process. The protomers come together to form disks or
2561:
Atanasova P, Rothenstein D, Schneider JJ, Hoffmann RC, Dilfer S, Eiben S, et al. (November 2011). "Virus-templated synthesis of ZnO nanostructures and formation of field-effect transistors".
644:
to "mosaic burn" especially during periods of hot and dry weather. In these cases, large dead areas develop in the leaves. This constitutes one of the most destructive phases of
405:
from a protein allows the virus to recognize a specific RNA hairpin structure. The intermediate induces the nucleation of TMV self-assembly by binding with the hairpin structure.
259:
gave the first concrete evidence for the existence of a non-bacterial infectious agent, showing that infected sap remained infectious even after filtering through the finest
227:
was damaging tobacco crops, it was not until 1930 that the infectious agent was determined to be a virus. It is the first pathogen identified as a virus. The virus was
876:
2014:
Mascia, Tiziana; Nigro, Franco; Abdallah, Alì; Ferrara, Massimo; De
Stradis, Angelo; Faedda, Roberto; Palukaitis, Peter; Gallitelli, Donato (18 March 2014).
848:
and TRBO plant expression technologies. Due to its cylindrical shape, high aspect ratio, self-assembling nature, and ability to incorporate metal coatings (
320:(coat) protein assemble by themselves to functional viruses, indicating that this is the most stable structure (the one with the lowest free energy). The
664:
TMV is one of the most stable viruses and has a wide survival range. As long as the surrounding temperature remains below approximately 40 degrees
297:
293:
954:
2798:
2373:"Harnessed viruses in the age of metagenomics and synthetic biology: an update on infectious clone assembly and biotechnologies of plant viruses"
2683:
1941:
2151:
Wang S (2009-10-28). "Molecular
Mechanism of Plant Growth Promotion and Induced Systemic Resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus by Bacillus spp".
2811:
528:
called P30 which enlarges the plasmodesmata. TMV most likely moves from cell-to-cell as a complex of the RNA, P30, and replicate proteins.
2859:
1842:
288:
in 1946, even though it was later shown some of his conclusions (in particular, that the crystals were pure protein, and assembled by
1915:
595:
Like other plant pathogenic viruses, TMV has a very wide host range and has different effects depending on the host being infected.
2785:
635:. There are many different strains. The first symptom of this virus disease is a light green coloration between the veins of young
186:
1273:
Caspar DL (January 1964). Anfinsen CB, Anson ML, Edsall JT (eds.). "Assembly and
Stability of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particle".
1247:
2673:
2645:
2545:
2355:
2135:
1898:
1331:
1230:
969:
769:
showed that salicylic acid most likely was disrupting replication and transcription and more specifically, the RdRp complex.
639:. This is followed quickly by the development of a "mosaic" or mottled pattern of light and dark green areas in the leaves.
517:. The infection does not spread through contact with insects, but instead spreads by direct contact to the neighboring cells
2879:
2231:"Salicylic Acid Interferes with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Replication via a Novel Salicylhydroxamic Acid-Sensitive Mechanism"
780:
2839:
1981:
1587:"Self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus: the role of an intermediate aggregate in generating both specificity and speed"
328:
2874:
1512:
1294:
1406:
Namba K, Stubbs G (March 1986). "Structure of tobacco mosaic virus at 3.6 A resolution: implications for assembly".
844:; they are also sources of biomaterials and nanotechnology devices. Viral vectors based on TMV include those of the
284:
in 1935 who also showed that TMV remains active even after crystallization. For his work, he was awarded 1/4 of the
38:
2816:
396:
located at a radius of ~4 nm and is protected from the action of cellular enzymes by the coat protein. X-ray
1524:
International central site for archiving nucleic acid sequence. The reference standard in international science.
603:. It is known to infect members of nine plant families, and at least 125 individual species, including tobacco,
2737:
1081:
1805:
916:
816:, cites his x-ray investigation of TMV's helical structure as an important step in deducing the nature of the
365:
987:
Bulletin
Scientifique Publié Par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg / Nouvelle Serie III
2884:
1174:
Kausche GA, Pfankuch E, Ruska H (May 1939). "Die
Sichtbarmachung von pflanzlichem Virus im Übermikroskop".
554:
55:
648:
infection. Infected leaves may be crinkled, puckered, or elongated. However, if TMV infects crops like
391:
above). The structural organization of the virus gives stability. The protein monomer consists of 158
2869:
2854:
1945:
2864:
2849:
1972:
1123:
Kay LE (September 1986). "W. M. Stanley's crystallization of the tobacco mosaic virus, 1930–1940".
285:
281:
232:
561:
477:
virus. On a dried leaf, it can withstand up to 50 °C (120 degree
Fahrenheit) for 30 minutes.
2127:
1062:
Johnson J, ed. (1942). "Contagium vivum fluidum as the cause of spot disease in tobacco leaves".
277:
772:
A research was conducted and revealed that humans have antibodies against
Tobacco Mosaic Virus.
251:
first described the tobacco mosaic disease that could be transferred between plants, similar to
2803:
2699:
788:
The large amount of literature about TMV and its choice for many pioneering investigations in
1813:
797:
729:
321:
309:
228:
1246:
Zaitlin M (1984). Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L, Zurcher EJ (eds.).
1099:
2844:
2759:
2570:
2441:
2424:
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2027:
1865:
1771:
1738:
1691:
1454:
1183:
1125:
Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
332:
272:" to indicate that the causal agent of tobacco mosaic disease was of non-bacterial nature.
50:
1919:
339:. In 1958, she speculated that the virus was hollow, not solid, and hypothesized that the
8:
2186:
Fraenkel-Conrat H (August 1957). "Degradation of tobacco mosaic virus with acetic acid".
1762:, Dziedzic JM (March 1987). "Optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria".
1044:
706:
599:
has been known to cause a production loss for flue cured tobacco of up to two percent in
481:
388:
264:
2688:
2574:
2295:
2031:
2016:"Gene silencing and gene expression in phytopathogenic fungi using a plant virus vector"
1775:
1695:
1591:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
1542:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
1458:
1353:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
1187:
573:
223:
to be discovered. Although it was known from the late 19th century that a non-bacterial
2594:
2498:
2473:
2454:
2397:
2372:
2314:
2279:
2099:
2074:
2050:
2015:
1611:
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1373:
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1320:
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1156:
1140:
1025:
789:
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584:
434:
260:
224:
2255:
2230:
1714:
1679:
1477:
1442:
1286:
689:, which includes removing infected plants and washing hands in between each planting.
292:) were incorrect. The first electron microscopical images of TMV were made in 1939 by
269:
2746:
2641:
2598:
2586:
2541:
2503:
2458:
2446:
2425:"Plant Virus-Derived Vectors: Applications in Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology"
2402:
2351:
2319:
2260:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2168:
2131:
2104:
2055:
1993:
1894:
1787:
1719:
1634:
1616:
1567:
1482:
1423:
1396:
1378:
1327:
1300:
1290:
1226:
1219:
1203:
1148:
1045:"Über ein Contagium vivum fluidum als Ursache der Fleckenkrankheit der Tabaksblätter"
965:
793:
756:
631:
525:
397:
324:
1834:
1160:
2751:
2578:
2533:
2524:
Gerasopoulos K, McCarthy M, Royston E, Culver JN, Ghodssi R (January 13–17, 2008).
2493:
2485:
2436:
2392:
2384:
2309:
2299:
2250:
2242:
2195:
2160:
2094:
2086:
2045:
2035:
1985:
1779:
1709:
1699:
1657:
1652:
Gergerich RC, Dolja VV (2006). "Introduction to Plant Viruses, the Invisible Foe".
1606:
1598:
1557:
1549:
1472:
1462:
1415:
1368:
1360:
1282:
1259:
1191:
1132:
837:
812:
673:
668:, TMV can sustain its stable form. All it needs is a host to infect. If necessary,
522:
458:
401:
256:
2670:
2280:"Humans have antibodies against a plant virus: evidence from tobacco mosaic virus"
1500:
2677:
2634:
2304:
881:
807:
313:
128:
104:
2537:
557:(RdRp), as well as the movement protein. Thus TMV can replicate its own genome.
2622:
2528:. 2008 IEEE 21st International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems.
1684:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1661:
1447:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
950:
841:
715:
600:
505:), TMV will go through the infection process and then the replication process.
454:
236:
42:
2474:"TRBO: a high-efficiency tobacco mosaic virus RNA-based overexpression vector"
1678:
Goelet P, Lomonossoff GP, Butler PJ, Akam ME, Gait MJ, Karn J (October 1982).
1441:
Goelet P, Lomonossoff GP, Butler PJ, Akam ME, Gait MJ, Karn J (October 1982).
549:
at the RNA 3' end. The resulting mRNAs encode several proteins, including the
2833:
2722:
2636:
The life of a virus: tobacco mosaic virus as an experimental model, 1930–1965
2207:
1997:
1759:
997:
Johnson J, ed. (1942). "Concerning the mosaic disease of the tobacco plant".
690:
514:
493:
289:
116:
92:
2040:
1783:
1704:
1467:
1419:
856:) into its shell, TMV is an ideal candidate to be incorporated into battery
2590:
2582:
2507:
2450:
2406:
2323:
2264:
2215:
2172:
2108:
2059:
1620:
1602:
1571:
1553:
1382:
1364:
1304:
845:
829:
474:
450:
426:
301:
140:
2489:
1791:
1723:
1486:
1427:
1152:
2731:
2164:
2090:
1989:
430:
392:
305:
248:
191:
152:
2790:
2246:
1029:
1195:
801:
725:
722:
686:
669:
612:
502:
497:
contact with host plants through its vectors (normally insects such as
442:
200:
2388:
1893:(7th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill Higher Education. pp. 464–5.
1400:
1144:
1052:
Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam
413:
2772:
2658:. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. 1995.
2560:
2009:
2007:
857:
833:
446:
383:
356:
204:
80:
30:
2693:
2680:– contains information on symptoms, hosts species, purification etc.
235:. It has a similar size to the largest synthetic molecule, known as
2777:
2716:
1256:
Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database
1136:
640:
616:
608:
438:
345:
336:
252:
212:
2004:
1737:
Islam W, Qasim M, Ali N, Tayyab M, Chen S, Wang L (Jan 16, 2018).
1016:
Iwanowski D (1903). "Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze".
985:
Iwanowski D (1892). "Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze".
513:
After its multiplication, it enters the neighboring cells through
2523:
2073:
Creager AN, Scholthof KB, Citovsky V, Scholthof HB (March 1999).
2072:
1070:. St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society: 33–52.
1005:. St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society: 27–30.
955:"The Discovery of the Causal Agent of the Tobacco Mosaic Disease"
930:. St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society: 11–24.
699:
694:
665:
196:
2764:
1739:"Management of Tobacco Mosaic Virus through Natural Metabolites"
877:"The Largest Molecule Ever Made Could Be Used to Deliver Drugs"
853:
849:
742:
710:
636:
604:
550:
532:
462:
379:
369:
317:
208:
1918:. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from
421:
The TMV genome consists of a 6.3–6.5 kbp single-stranded (ss)
2526:
Microbatteries with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Templated Electrodes
653:
649:
498:
220:
67:
2616:
2277:
1677:
1538:"The tobacco mosaic virus particle: structure and assembly"
1508:
1440:
1349:"The tobacco mosaic virus particle: structure and assembly"
216:
2013:
2075:"Tobacco mosaic virus. Pioneering research for a century"
1866:"Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Pioneering Research for a Century"
817:
422:
361:
340:
2422:
1888:
2228:
1916:"Control of Tobacco Mosaic Virus on Flue-Cured Tobacco"
903:
Mayer A (1886). "Über die Mosaikkrankheit des Tabaks".
2229:
Chivasa S, Murphy AM, Naylor M, Carr JP (April 1997).
1018:
Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz
775:
400:
structure of the intact virus was studied based on an
331:, and later designed and built a model of TMV for the
2278:
Liu R, Vaishnav RA, Roberts AM, Friedland RP (2013).
437:(ORFs), two of which produce a single protein due to
2612:
1173:
964:. Hong Kong: World Publishing Co. pp. 105–110.
1957:
1955:
1736:
2633:
2530:Proceedings, IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
1319:
1218:
433:nucleotide cap. (m7G5’pppG). The genome encodes 4
2423:Abrahamian P, Hammond RW, Hammond J (June 2020).
1680:"Nucleotide sequence of tobacco mosaic virus RNA"
1443:"Nucleotide sequence of tobacco mosaic virus RNA"
1311:
2831:
2370:
1952:
195:that infects a wide range of plants, especially
45:to enhance visibility at 160,000× magnification
2185:
2020:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
693:should also be employed to avoid infected soil/
16:Virus affecting plants of the Solanaceae family
1758:
1651:
685:One of the common control methods for TMV is
508:
468:
1962:Mayhew DE, Ford RE (1971). "An Inhibitor of
1827:
1340:
784:TMV virus: super resolution light microscopy
714:host from viral genome insertion is through
2346:Watson JD (2012-11-06). "chapters 16, 18".
1889:Woolverton C, Willey J, Sherwood L (2008).
1843:Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences
1798:
1405:
1389:
680:
429:-like structure, and the 5’-terminus has a
2348:The Annotated and Illustrated Double Helix
2336:Rollinson, Shirley, personal communication
1961:
1434:
1042:
917:"Concerning the mosaic disease of tobacco"
905:Die Landwirtschaftliche Versuchs-stationen
705:In the past ten years, the application of
29:
2497:
2440:
2396:
2371:Pasin F, Menzel W, Daròs JA (June 2019).
2313:
2303:
2254:
2153:Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
2098:
2049:
2039:
1944:. University of Minnesota. Archived from
1713:
1703:
1610:
1561:
1476:
1466:
1372:
1015:
984:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
521:For its smooth entry, TMV produces a 30 k
360:Schematic model of TMV: 1. nucleic acid (
207:causes characteristic patterns, such as "
2640:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1939:
1641:. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics.
1493:
779:
583:
572:
412:
355:
327:worked for Stanley for about a month at
187:positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus
2631:
2519:
2517:
1245:
1221:Rosalind Franklin, the Dark Lady of DNA
1061:
996:
949:
914:
2832:
2471:
2442:10.1146/annurev-virology-010720-054958
2345:
2121:
1913:
1860:
1858:
1673:
1671:
1584:
1317:
1272:
1216:
934:
828:Plant viruses can be used to engineer
2698:
2697:
2418:
2416:
1942:"Tomato-Tobacco Mosaic Virus Disease"
902:
721:TMV is inhibited by a product of the
316:showed that purified TMV RNA and its
2514:
2150:
1535:
1346:
568:
304:– the brother of Nobel Prize winner
219:(hence the name). TMV was the first
2066:
1855:
1668:
1122:
1100:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946"
1082:"Wendell M. Stanley – Biographical"
832:, tools commonly used by molecular
776:Scientific and environmental impact
545:RNA intermediate primed by the tRNA
13:
2860:Viral plant pathogens and diseases
2671:Description of plant viruses – TMV
2608:
2413:
1982:American Phytopathological Society
869:
14:
2896:
2664:
2532:. Tucson, USA. pp. 960–963.
2615:
2126:(5th ed.). Burlington, MA:
565:interior of the helical capsid.
487:
199:and other members of the family
54:
39:Transmission electron micrograph
2689:Electron microscope image of TM
2656:Flue-cured tobacco field manual
2554:
2465:
2364:
2339:
2330:
2271:
2222:
2179:
2144:
2115:
1933:
1907:
1882:
1806:"Is smoking harmful to plants?"
1752:
1730:
1645:
1627:
1578:
1529:
1326:. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
1266:
1239:
1210:
1167:
823:
378:has a rod-like appearance. Its
1116:
1092:
1074:
1036:
1009:
978:
960:. In Kung SD, Yang SF (eds.).
896:
659:
539:
417:Genome of tobacco mosaic virus
1:
1287:10.1016/S0065-3233(08)60268-5
1275:Advances in Protein Chemistry
863:
748:from TMV when treated with a
733:. Both tobacco and the beans
492:TMV does not have a distinct
449:(with methyltransferase and
2305:10.1371/journal.pone.0060621
2200:10.1016/0042-6822(57)90038-7
1835:"Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)"
962:Discoveries in Plant Biology
555:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
351:
7:
2538:10.1109/MEMSYS.2008.4443817
2472:Lindbo JA (December 2007).
2377:Plant Biotechnology Journal
1746:Records of Natural Products
1654:The Plant Health Instructor
1505:European Nucleotide Archive
1060:Translated into English in
995:Translated into English in
913:Translated into English in
531:It can also spread through
453:domains), an RNA-dependent
441:readthrough of a leaky UAG
10:
2901:
2880:Biology in the Netherlands
1662:10.1094/PHI-I-2006-0414-01
1281:. Academic Press: 37–121.
1064:Phytopathological Classics
999:Phytopathological Classics
924:Phytopathological Classics
509:Infection and transmission
469:Physicochemical properties
276:was the first virus to be
242:
2840:Viruses described in 1892
2706:
2429:Annual Review of Virology
989:(in German and Russian).
408:
215:and discoloration on the
49:
37:
28:
21:
2875:1890s in the Netherlands
1585:Butler PJ (March 1999).
755:Research has shown that
681:Treatment and management
445:. The 4 genes encode a
425:. The 3’-terminus has a
364:), 2. capsomer protein (
286:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
282:Wendell Meredith Stanley
233:Wendell Meredith Stanley
2128:Elsevier Academic Press
2041:10.1073/pnas.1315668111
1891:Prescott's Microbiology
1784:10.1126/science.3547653
1705:10.1073/pnas.79.19.5818
1468:10.1073/pnas.79.19.5818
1420:10.1126/science.3952490
915:Johnson J, ed. (1942).
2583:10.1002/adma.201102900
2350:. Simon and Schuster.
1940:Pfleger FL, Zeyen RJ.
1603:10.1098/rstb.1999.0405
1554:10.1098/rstb.1999.0404
1365:10.1098/rstb.1999.0404
1043:Beijerinck MW (1898).
785:
623:, and beans including
592:
581:
418:
372:
2490:10.1104/pp.107.106377
1968:Physarum polycephalum
1814:Ohio State University
1810:OSU Extension Service
1536:Klug A (March 1999).
1347:Klug A (March 1999).
798:X-ray crystallography
783:
730:Physarum polycephalum
587:
576:
416:
359:
310:Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat
280:. It was achieved by
255:infections. In 1892,
189:species in the genus
2738:Tobacco mosaic virus
2708:Tobacco mosaic virus
2165:10.4014/jmb.0901.008
2091:10.1105/tpc.11.3.301
1990:10.1094/phyto-61-636
1964:Tobacco Mosaic Virus
1839:Penn State Extension
1501:"Sequence: V01408.1"
646:Tobacco mosaic virus
611:(all members of the
597:Tobacco mosaic virus
589:Tobacco mosaic virus
578:Tobacco mosaic virus
376:Tobacco mosaic virus
274:Tobacco mosaic virus
178:Tobacco mosaic virus
167:Tobacco mosaic virus
51:Virus classification
23:Tobacco mosaic virus
2885:Martinus Beijerinck
2684:Further information
2632:Creager AN (2002).
2575:2011AdM....23.4918A
2296:2013PLoSO...860621L
2247:10.1105/tpc.9.4.547
2032:2014PNAS..111.4291M
1776:1987Sci...235.1517A
1696:1982PNAS...79.5818G
1459:1982PNAS...79.5818G
1188:1939NW.....27..292K
1176:Naturwissenschaften
741:suffered almost no
707:genetic engineering
580:symptoms on tobacco
482:index of refraction
435:open reading frames
389:electron micrograph
265:Martinus Beijerinck
261:Chamberland filters
2676:2007-09-26 at the
2563:Advanced Materials
1914:Melton TA (2001).
1225:. Harper Collins.
1196:10.1007/BF01493353
790:structural biology
786:
626:Phaseolus vulgaris
621:ornamental flowers
593:
591:symptoms on orchid
582:
419:
382:is made from 2130
373:
225:infectious disease
2827:
2826:
2700:Taxon identifiers
2647:978-0-226-12026-3
2547:978-1-4244-1792-6
2389:10.1111/pbi.13084
2357:978-1-4767-1549-0
2159:(10): 1250–1258.
2137:978-0-12-044565-3
2122:Agrios G (2005).
2026:(11): 4291–4296.
1900:978-0-07-110231-5
1770:(4795): 1517–20.
1690:(19): 5818–5822.
1597:(1383): 537–550.
1548:(1383): 531–535.
1333:978-0-7167-1843-7
1318:Stryer L (1988).
1232:978-0-06-018407-0
1217:Maddox B (2002).
971:978-981-02-1313-8
794:X-ray diffraction
674:botanical gardens
632:Vigna unguiculata
569:Host and symptoms
398:fiber diffraction
333:1958 World's Fair
325:Rosalind Franklin
174:
173:
41:of TMV particles
2892:
2870:1890s in science
2855:Tobacco diseases
2820:
2819:
2807:
2806:
2794:
2793:
2781:
2780:
2768:
2767:
2755:
2754:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2695:
2694:
2659:
2651:
2639:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2603:
2602:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2501:
2478:Plant Physiology
2469:
2463:
2462:
2444:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2383:(6): 1010–1026.
2368:
2362:
2361:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2317:
2307:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2258:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2043:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1870:academic.oup.com
1862:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1717:
1707:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:Expasy Viralzone
1631:
1625:
1624:
1614:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1414:(4744): 1401–6.
1403:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1258:. Archived from
1248:"Tobacco mosaic
1243:
1237:
1236:
1224:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1059:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1013:
1007:
1006:
994:
982:
976:
975:
959:
947:
932:
931:
921:
912:
900:
894:
893:
891:
890:
873:
838:genetic material
813:The Double Helix
810:, in his memoir
709:on a host plant
526:movement protein
459:movement protein
402:electron density
322:crystallographer
257:Dmitri Ivanovsky
59:
58:
43:negative stained
33:
19:
18:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2865:1898 in biology
2850:Model organisms
2830:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2815:
2810:
2802:
2797:
2789:
2784:
2776:
2771:
2763:
2758:
2750:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2702:
2678:Wayback Machine
2667:
2662:
2654:
2648:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2609:Further reading
2606:
2569:(42): 4918–22.
2559:
2555:
2548:
2522:
2515:
2470:
2466:
2421:
2414:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2276:
2272:
2227:
2223:
2184:
2180:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2130:. p. 320.
2124:Plant Pathology
2120:
2116:
2071:
2067:
2012:
2005:
1960:
1953:
1938:
1934:
1925:
1923:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1887:
1883:
1874:
1872:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1847:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1819:
1817:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1757:
1753:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1676:
1669:
1650:
1646:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1583:
1579:
1534:
1530:
1517:
1515:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1453:(19): 5818–22.
1439:
1435:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1359:(1383): 531–5.
1345:
1341:
1334:
1316:
1312:
1297:
1271:
1267:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1215:
1211:
1172:
1168:
1131:(288): 450–72.
1121:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1014:
1010:
983:
979:
972:
957:
948:
935:
919:
901:
897:
888:
886:
882:Popular Science
875:
874:
870:
866:
826:
808:James D. Watson
778:
750:P. polycephalum
683:
662:
571:
548:
542:
511:
490:
484:of about 1.57.
471:
411:
354:
314:Robley Williams
245:
170:
130:Martellivirales
106:Kitrinoviricota
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2898:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2808:
2795:
2782:
2769:
2756:
2743:
2728:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2666:
2665:External links
2663:
2661:
2660:
2652:
2646:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2623:Viruses portal
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2553:
2546:
2513:
2484:(4): 1232–40.
2464:
2435:(1): 513–535.
2412:
2363:
2356:
2338:
2329:
2270:
2241:(4): 547–557.
2235:The Plant Cell
2221:
2178:
2143:
2136:
2114:
2085:(3): 301–308.
2079:The Plant Cell
2065:
2003:
1973:Phytopathology
1951:
1948:on 2012-06-14.
1932:
1906:
1899:
1881:
1854:
1826:
1797:
1751:
1729:
1667:
1644:
1626:
1577:
1528:
1492:
1433:
1388:
1339:
1332:
1310:
1295:
1265:
1262:on 2009-10-01.
1238:
1231:
1209:
1166:
1137:10.1086/354205
1115:
1104:NobelPrize.org
1091:
1086:nobelprize.org
1073:
1035:
1008:
977:
970:
933:
895:
867:
865:
862:
825:
822:
777:
774:
716:gene silencing
682:
679:
661:
658:
619:, a number of
601:North Carolina
570:
567:
546:
541:
538:
510:
507:
489:
486:
470:
467:
463:capsid protein
457:, a so-called
455:RNA polymerase
410:
407:
353:
350:
298:Edgar Pfankuch
294:Gustav Kausche
244:
241:
172:
171:
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2301:
2297:
2293:
2290:(4): e60621.
2289:
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2274:
2266:
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2257:
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2248:
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2240:
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1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
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1956:
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1922:on 2005-12-01
1921:
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1689:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1672:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1635:"Tobamovirus"
1630:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1573:
1569:
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1296:9780120342181
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1234:
1228:
1223:
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1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1182:(18): 292–9.
1181:
1177:
1170:
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1154:
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1134:
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1126:
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1077:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1054:(in German).
1053:
1046:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1020:(in German).
1019:
1012:
1004:
1000:
992:
988:
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946:
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907:(in German).
906:
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883:
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861:
859:
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843:
839:
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831:
830:viral vectors
821:
819:
815:
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724:
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691:Crop rotation
688:
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671:
667:
657:
655:
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647:
642:
638:
634:
633:
628:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
586:
579:
575:
566:
563:
562:'lockwashers'
558:
556:
552:
537:
534:
529:
527:
524:
520:
516:
515:plasmodesmata
506:
504:
500:
495:
494:overwintering
488:Disease cycle
485:
483:
478:
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290:autocatalysis
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118:Alsuviricetes
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94:Orthornavirae
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2152:
2146:
2123:
2117:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2023:
2019:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1966:Produced by
1963:
1946:the original
1935:
1924:. Retrieved
1920:the original
1909:
1890:
1884:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:
1846:. Retrieved
1838:
1829:
1818:. Retrieved
1816:. 2018-05-02
1809:
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1523:
1516:. Retrieved
1504:
1495:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1411:
1407:
1391:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1322:Biochemistry
1321:
1313:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1260:the original
1255:
1249:
1241:
1220:
1212:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:
1094:
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1067:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1038:
1021:
1017:
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1002:
998:
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986:
980:
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887:. Retrieved
885:. 2019-03-18
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698:effect of a
684:
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630:
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559:
551:coat protein
543:
530:
518:
512:
491:
479:
475:thermostable
472:
451:RNA helicase
420:
375:
374:
302:Helmut Ruska
278:crystallized
273:
246:
229:crystallised
190:
182:
177:
176:
175:
166:
165:
153:
142:Virgaviridae
141:
129:
117:
105:
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64:(unranked):
22:
2845:Tobamovirus
2732:Wikispecies
1250:tobamovirus
1024:(1): 1–41.
840:into plant
836:to deliver
792:(including
739:V. sinensis
735:P. vulgaris
670:greenhouses
660:Environment
540:Replication
503:leafhoppers
480:TMV has an
461:(MP) and a
393:amino acids
308:. In 1955,
306:Ernst Ruska
249:Adolf Mayer
192:Tobamovirus
154:Tobamovirus
2834:Categories
2194:(1): 1–4.
1926:2009-02-21
1875:2022-10-09
1848:2021-03-06
1820:2021-03-06
1109:2019-12-03
911:: 451–467.
889:2021-05-09
864:References
858:electrodes
834:biologists
820:molecule.
802:greenhouse
726:slime mold
723:myxomycete
687:sanitation
613:Solanaceae
443:stop codon
431:methylated
201:Solanaceae
2599:205242233
2459:219588089
2208:0042-6822
1998:0031-949X
1404:;
1204:206795712
951:Zaitlin M
752:extract.
743:lesioning
695:seed beds
617:cucumbers
473:TMV is a
447:replicase
439:ribosomal
384:molecules
352:Structure
253:bacterial
247:In 1886,
205:infection
161:Species:
89:Kingdom:
82:Riboviria
2804:11460968
2791:10438482
2717:Wikidata
2674:Archived
2591:21959928
2508:17720752
2451:32520661
2407:30677208
2324:23573274
2284:PLOS ONE
2265:12237364
2216:13456355
2188:Virology
2173:19884788
2109:10072391
2060:24594602
1760:Ashkin A
1621:10212933
1572:10212932
1518:28 March
1383:10212932
1305:14151998
1161:37003363
1030:43221892
993:: 67–70.
953:(1998).
846:magnICON
758:Bacillus
746:in vitro
641:Rugosity
366:protomer
346:virology
337:Brussels
329:Berkeley
213:mottling
137:Family:
101:Phylum:
2765:8615186
2723:Q332874
2571:Bibcode
2499:2151719
2398:6523588
2315:3615994
2292:Bibcode
2100:1464663
2051:3964105
2028:Bibcode
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1792:3547653
1772:Bibcode
1764:Science
1724:6964389
1692:Bibcode
1612:1692540
1563:1692534
1487:6964389
1455:Bibcode
1428:3952490
1408:Science
1374:1692534
1184:Bibcode
1153:3533840
1058:: 1–22.
700:vaccine
666:Celsius
553:and an
243:History
211:"-like
203:. The
197:tobacco
185:) is a
149:Genus:
125:Order:
113:Class:
2778:TMV000
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854:cobalt
850:nickel
711:genome
637:leaves
609:pepper
605:tomato
533:phloem
499:aphids
409:Genome
380:capsid
370:capsid
368:), 3.
318:capsid
217:leaves
209:mosaic
2817:12242
2799:IRMNG
2752:7CFYV
2595:S2CID
2455:S2CID
1980:(6).
1742:(PDF)
1200:S2CID
1157:S2CID
1141:JSTOR
1048:(PDF)
1026:JSTOR
958:(PDF)
920:(PDF)
842:cells
654:apple
650:grape
270:virus
221:virus
75:Realm
68:Virus
2812:NCBI
2786:GBIF
2773:EPPO
2642:ISBN
2587:PMID
2542:ISBN
2504:PMID
2447:PMID
2403:PMID
2352:ISBN
2320:PMID
2261:PMID
2212:PMID
2204:ISSN
2169:PMID
2132:ISBN
2105:PMID
2056:PMID
1994:ISSN
1895:ISBN
1788:PMID
1720:PMID
1617:PMID
1568:PMID
1520:2020
1509:EMBL
1483:PMID
1424:PMID
1401:1VTM
1379:PMID
1328:ISBN
1301:PMID
1291:ISBN
1227:ISBN
1149:PMID
966:ISBN
852:and
796:and
737:and
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652:and
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312:and
300:and
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2747:CoL
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1192:doi
1133:doi
818:DNA
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341:RNA
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231:by
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