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626:"It is more inhabited than other provinces; and its inhabitants, who are the least oppressed of any in New Spain, owe this favour to the alliance that their republican ancestors made with the disciplined robbers whom Cortés commanded, and who subdued the Mexican empire. They are the most intelligent of all the Americans subject to Spain."
649:
Following
Mexican independence, from 1885-1911 the Governor of Tlaxcala was Prospero Cahuantzi, himself of native Tlaxcaltec heritage. Cahuantzi promoted the preservation of indigenous Mexican culture and artifacts. He also possessed an indigenous Nahuatl surname, uncommon in post-colonial Mexico but
620:
Though nominally subjects of the
Spanish Empire, in practice Tlaxcala and the Tlaxcallans were largely free of Spanish authority, and jealously guarded their own independence and autonomy. The Spanish government recognized Tlaxcala as an allied city instead of a conquered one.
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As the
Mexican government does not recognize ethnicity by ancestry but by language spoken, the number of Tlaxcaltec people in Mexico is difficult to estimate. They are instead broadly grouped with other Nahuatl-speaking people known as
76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
617:. Tlaxcala was given several special privileges, among them being a coat of arms and the right to petition the king directly to address grievances. Charles also declared that Tlaxcala should answer to no one but himself.
416:
described the younger
Xicotencatl as greatly suspicious of the Spanish and repeatedly interfering with their plans. He stated that Cortés eventually had Xicotencatl secretly executed, allowing noblemen from the city of
768:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of the memoirs of the conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo written by himself, containing a true and full account of the discovery and conquest of Mexico and New Spain (vol. 1 of 2)"
613:
In return for their assistance in toppling the Aztec Empire and other conquests, in 1534 the governor of
Tlaxcala, Maxixcatzin, demanded and was granted a personal audience with the King of Spain,
440:, hold noble titles, maintain Tlaxcaltec names and to rule their settlements autonomously. This privileged treatment ensured Tlaxcallan allegiance to Spain over the centuries, even during the
318:. Each of the four cities supposedly had equal say in this confederation, but eventually, the Nahuatl speakers became the dominant ethnic group. By the time of European contact, the city of
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The chief men (principals) of
Tlaxcala who go to new settlements -- and their descendants -- shall be permitted to carry arms and ride saddled horses without penalty.
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457:” itself, derive from Tlaxcallan Nahuatl. Tlaxcallan colonists also founded a number of settlements in Northern Mexico (including parts of present-day southeastern
509:
No grants of land for the largest livestock (ganado mayor: cattle, horses, mules, oxen) shall be allowed within three leagues (9 miles) of
Tlaxcalan settlements.
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658:. As of the 2010 Mexican census, there were estimated to be more than 23,000 Nahuatl-speakers in Tlaxcala. By 2020, that number had risen to over 27,000.
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The
Tlaxcalan settlers and their descendants would be Hidalgos (noblemen) in perpetuity, free from tribute, taxes, and personal service for all time.
429:
461:), where conquest of local tribes by the Spaniards had proved unsuccessful. They settled areas inhabited by nomadic bellicose tribes (known as the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The
Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe
637:
The
Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe
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Before embarking on their journeys, the Tlaxcalans demanded and received numerous rights and privileges for their service to Spain.
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prevalent in Tlaxcala due to their previous alliance with Spain, which protected them from imposed Spanish baptismal names.
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For two years, the Tlaxcalans going north should be given the necessary provisions and clothing for up to two years.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
432:, the Tlaxcaltecs enjoyed exclusive privileges among the indigenous peoples of Mexico, including the right to carry
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The markets in new settlements shall be free from, exempt from sales tax, and all forms of taxation, for 30 years.
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They will live separately from the Chichimecas, and this will apply to their lots, pastures, and fishing rights.
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The leaders of the four cities of Tlaxcala agreed to accept Christianity, and in July of 1520 were baptized.
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They will not be compelled to settle with Spaniards. They will live in their own districts (barrios).
571:. The colonies included Nueva Tlaxcala de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Horcasistas, today known as
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818:"Nahua Patterns of Colonization in Maya Towns of Guatemala, 1524 to 1582: The Indigenous Records"
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Eager to overthrow the Aztecs, their hated enemies for a century, the Tlaxcaltecs allied with
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1030:"The Indigenous Governor of Tlaxcala and Acceptable Indigenousness in the Porfirian Regime"
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The Tlaxcaltecs were originally a conglomeration of three distinct ethnic groups who spoke
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The Tlaxcaltec colonies in the Chichimeca included settlements in the modern states of
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Tlaxcalan warriors fighting against warriors from Texcoco, Cuauhtepec and Ocelotepec.
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and providing a key contingent of the invasion force. At the time, their
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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465:) to pacify the local indigenous groups hostile to the Spanish Crown.
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They would receive aid in cultivation of their fields for two years.
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image depicting Tlaxcaltec soldiers leading a Spanish soldier to
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1091:"The Náhuatl Language of Mexico: From Aztlán to the Present Day"
337:. Later wars between the Tlaxcallans and the Aztecs were called
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Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
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Tlaxcaltec officers and soldiers also participated in the
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to this template: there are already 942 articles in the
916:"When Tlaxcalan Natives Went to War in the Philippines"
708:
Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control
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Painting in the Americas before European colonization
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710:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 130.
306:and Pinome that comprised the four city-states (
2597:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2582:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
575:, and Santiago de las Sabinas, today known as
447:The Tlaxcaltecs were also instrumental in the
333:, the Tlaxcaltecs were never conquered by the
111:accompanying your translation by providing an
60:Click for important translation instructions.
47:expand this article with text translated from
1175:
964:"The Tlaxcalan Migrations to Northern Mexico"
892:"The Tlaxcalan Migrations to Northern Mexico"
868:"The Tlaxcalan Migrations to Northern Mexico"
157:Tlaxcaltecatl (singular) Tlaxcalteca (plural)
1115:"Ethnic Identity in the 2020 Mexican Census"
1066:"Ethnic Identity in the 2020 Mexican Census"
856:Historia antigua y de la conquista de México
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2587:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
386:and were instrumental in the invasion of
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1138:Association, Texas State Historical.
406:, was prince and heir to the throne.
274:was instrumental in overthrowing the
732:The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico
185:Regions with significant populations
123:{{Translated|es|Pueblo tlaxcalteca}}
29:
1615:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
744:"The Roots of Tlaxcalan Resentment"
604:Spanish conquest of the Philippines
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2607:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
1586:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
1144:Texas State Historical Association
1034:Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos
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1598:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
1569:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
1017:. London: R. Baldwin. p. 25.
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1564:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
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1089:Schmal, John P. (2020-07-22).
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325:Despite early attempts by the
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2518:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
1579:Archaeological sites in Chile
593:San Esteban de Nueva Tlaxcala
449:Spanish conquest of Guatemala
2680:Indigenous peoples in Mexico
2612:Mesoamerican writing systems
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1608:Archaeological sites in Peru
834:10.1080/10609164.2012.730665
816:Megged, Amos (August 2013).
430:conquest of the Aztec Empire
7:
2508:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
1028:Sumner, Jaclyn Ann (2019).
595:in Coahuila, today part of
442:Mexican War of Independence
93:will aid in categorization.
27:Indigenous people of Mexico
10:
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2534:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
2437:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
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266:people who originate from
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1070:www.indigenousmexico.org
1011:Kitchin, Thomas (1778).
728:Bernal Díaz del Castillo
680:
398:or king was a man named
353:Spanish colonial history
2690:Ethnic groups in Mexico
2540:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
1386:Mesoamerican chronology
854:Manuel Orozco y Berra,
693:Charles Gibson (1952),
404:Xicotencatl the Younger
382:and his fellow Spanish
272:Confederacy of Tlaxcala
132:For more guidance, see
1243:Archaeological periods
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288:Independence of Mexico
2670:Mesoamerican cultures
2546:List of Conquistadors
2433:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
1844:Quebrada de Humahuaca
1263:Caddoan Mississippian
706:Hassig, Ross (1988).
645:Post-colonial history
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402:, and his son, named
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294:Pre-Columbian history
237:Related ethnic groups
134:Knowledge:Translation
105:copyright attribution
2513:Francisco de Montejo
2441:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I
1554:Andean civilizations
1481:Shaft tomb tradition
608:Philippine languages
262:, are an indigenous
2675:History of Tlaxcala
2479:Manco Inca Yupanqui
1784:Manteño-Huancavilca
1253:Ancestral Puebloans
1140:"Tlaxcalan Indians"
278:in 1521, alongside
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2602:Columbian exchange
2592:Portal:Mesoamerica
1744:La Tolita (Tumaco)
1559:Indigenous peoples
1298:Hopewell tradition
1225:Indigenous peoples
920:Latino Book Review
671:American Southwest
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368:Lienzo de Tlaxcala
359:Indian auxiliaries
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1119:Indigenous Mexico
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896:Indigenous Mexico
872:Indigenous Mexico
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45:You can help
41:
32:
31:
19:
2685:Nahua people
2637:
2570:
2420:Moctezuma II
2377:Inca history
2302:Andean Music
2246:Architecture
2241:Architecture
2236:Architecture
2231:Architecture
2227:Architecture
2221:Gender Roles
1966:Tenochtitlan
1889:Timoto–Cuica
1884:Tierradentro
1669:Casma–Sechin
1505:
1401:Chalcatzingo
1147:. Retrieved
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276:Aztec Empire
259:
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253:
147:Ethnic group
109:edit summary
100:
80:
54:
46:
2483:Túpac Amaru
2467:Manco Cápac
2416:Moctezuma I
2327:Agriculture
2322:Agriculture
2317:Agriculture
2308:Agriculture
2251:Road System
2140:Mathematics
2005:Muysc Cubun
1859:San Agustín
1809:Monte Verde
1486:Teotihuacan
1378:Mesoamerica
1273:Coles Creek
1258:Anishinaabe
1215:Archaeology
400:Xicotencatl
343:flower wars
260:Tlaxcaltecs
256:Tlaxcallans
227:Catholicism
2664:Categories
2454:Tisquesusa
2428:Cuauhtémoc
2424:Cuitláhuac
1754:Lauricocha
1724:Gran Chaco
1714:Cupisnique
1699:Chinchorro
1674:Chachapoya
1664:Caral–Supe
1506:Tlaxcaltec
1496:Teuchitlán
1411:Chupícuaro
1338:Plum Bayou
1333:Plaquemine
1303:Marksville
1268:Chichimeca
1149:2024-04-01
1124:2024-03-16
1100:2021-07-26
1075:2024-03-31
1051:2024-03-16
997:2024-04-09
973:2024-04-09
949:2024-03-17
925:2024-03-16
901:2024-03-29
877:2024-03-29
802:2021-07-26
792:"Tlaxcala"
777:2024-03-28
753:2024-03-29
667:California
581:Nuevo León
561:Nuevo León
463:Chichimeca
419:Ocotelolco
357:See also:
312:Tlaxcallān
151:Tlaxcaltec
56:(May 2023)
51:in Spanish
18:Tlaxcalans
2475:Atahualpa
2471:Pachacuti
2446:Nemequene
2312:Chinampas
2134:Astronomy
2123:Astronomy
2103:Mythology
2098:Mythology
2093:Mythology
2088:Mythology
2084:Mythology
1914:Wankarani
1904:Tuncahuán
1794:Marajoara
1749:Las Vegas
1635:Atacameño
1531:Xochipala
1471:Purépecha
1431:Epi-Olmec
1421:Cuicuilco
1363:Troyville
1353:St. Johns
1040:: 61–87.
842:1060-9164
615:Charles V
573:Guadalupe
569:Zacatecas
454:Guatemala
347:sacrifice
290:in 1821.
282:from the
205:Languages
127:talk page
79:Consider
2571:See also
2489:Conquest
2462:Zoratama
2129:Calendar
2118:Calendar
2113:Calendar
2109:Calendar
2078:Religion
2073:Religion
2062:Religion
2051:Religion
2047:Religion
2036:Numerals
2030:Numerals
1991:Language
1971:Multiple
1909:Valdivia
1894:Tiwanaku
1854:Saladoid
1849:Quimbaya
1739:Kuhikugu
1719:Diaguita
1709:Chorrera
1526:Veraguas
1521:Veracruz
1501:Tlatilco
1313:Mogollon
1220:Cultures
1198:Americas
597:Saltillo
585:Colotlán
549:Coahuila
396:Tlatoani
320:Tizatlan
316:Tlaxcala
308:altepetl
221:Religion
195:Tlaxcala
103:provide
2458:Tundama
2387:Peoples
2372:History
2367:History
2362:History
2358:History
2352:Cuisine
2347:Cuisine
2342:Cuisine
2337:Cuisine
2333:Cuisine
2191:Warfare
2186:Warfare
2181:Warfare
2177:Warfare
2171:Society
2166:Economy
2155:Society
2150:Society
2146:Society
2016:Writing
2010:Quechua
1995:Nahuatl
1962:Capital
1899:Toyopán
1879:Tairona
1789:Mapuche
1704:Chiripa
1679:Chancay
1650:Cañaris
1625:Amotape
1620:El Abra
1536:Zapotec
1516:Totonac
1491:Tepanec
1476:Quelepa
1446:Mezcala
1436:Huastec
1406:Cholula
1396:Capacha
1391:Acolhua
1348:Sinagua
1323:Patayan
1293:Hohokam
1283:Fremont
796:HISTORY
589:Jalisco
557:Jalisco
553:Durango
474:Number
436:, ride
428:in the
392:Anahuac
300:Nahuatl
215:Spanish
211:Nahuatl
125:to the
107:in the
53:.
2401:Muisca
2396:Mayans
2391:Aztecs
2025:Script
2020:Script
1980:Bacatá
1951:Muisca
1834:Pucará
1829:Piaroa
1824:Paiján
1819:Omagua
1774:Lupaca
1769:Lokono
1734:Kalina
1729:Huetar
1689:Chavín
1684:Chango
1659:Nariño
1655:Capulí
1645:Calima
1640:Aymara
1630:Arawak
1511:Toltec
1461:Olmecs
1456:Nicoya
1451:Mixtec
1426:Diquis
1328:Picosa
1318:Oshara
1288:Glades
1278:Dorset
840:
714:
669:, the
656:Nahuas
639:, 1778
591:; and
438:horses
372:Chalco
331:Mexica
327:Aztecs
270:. The
243:Nahuas
191:Mexico
2406:Incas
2297:Music
2292:Music
2287:Music
2283:Music
2216:Women
2211:Women
2206:Women
2202:Women
2160:Trade
2041:Quipu
1985:Cusco
1976:Hunza
1941:Aztec
1874:Taíno
1869:Sican
1864:Shuar
1814:Nazca
1804:Mollo
1799:Moche
1779:Luzia
1694:Chimú
1466:Pipil
1441:Izapa
1416:Coclé
1358:Thule
1248:Adena
681:Notes
663:Texas
579:, in
459:Texas
310:) of
304:Otomi
264:Nahua
258:, or
247:Otomi
70:DeepL
2196:Army
1978:and
1956:Inca
1946:Maya
1924:Zenú
1919:Wari
1764:Lima
838:ISSN
712:ISBN
673:and
567:and
434:guns
254:The
101:must
99:You
2277:Art
2272:Art
2267:Art
2262:Art
2258:Art
1042:doi
830:doi
587:in
314:or
197:),
72:or
2666::
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136:.
129:.
20:)
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