62:
54:
402:, 1988) a further set of divisions has been made to primary deposits, based upon the method of deposition. Van der Meer et al. 2003 have suggested that these till classifications are outdated and should instead be replaced with only one classification, that of deformation till. The reasons behind this are largely down to the difficulties in accurately classifying different tills, which are often based on inferences of the physical setting of the till rather than detailed analysis of the till fabric or particle size.
448:
just debris that have a high relative position on the glacier, or clasts that have been transported up from the base of the glacier. Debris accumulation has a feedback-loop relationship with melting. Initially, the darker colored debris absorb more heat and thus accelerate the melting process. After a significant amount of melting has occurred, the thickness of the till insulates the ice sheet and slows the melting process. Supraglacial meltout tills typically end up forming moraines.
42:
460:. Due to their unstable nature, they are subject to downslope flow, and thus named "flow till." Properties of flow tills vary, and can depend on factors such as water content, surface gradient, and debris characteristics. Generally, flow tills with a higher water content behave more fluidly, and thus are more susceptible to flow. There are three main types of flows, which are listed below.
185:(rock fragments) in till typically show a diverse composition, often including rock types from outcrops hundreds of kilometers away. Some clasts may be rounded, and these are thought to be stream pebbles entrained by the glacier. Many of the clasts are faceted, striated, or polished, all signs of glacial
447:
Supraglacial meltout tills are similar to subglacial meltout tills. Rather than being the product of basal melting, however, supraglacial meltout tills are imposed on top of the glacier. These consist of clasts and debris that become exposed due to melting via solar radiation. These debris are either
424:
Subglacial meltout tills are tills that are deposited via the melting of the ice lobe. Clasts are transported to the base of the glacier over time, and as basal melting continues, they are slowly deposited below the glacier. Since the rate of deposition is controlled by the rate of basal melting, it
315:
The different types of till can be categorized between subglacial (beneath) and supraglacial (surface) deposits. Subglacial deposits include lodgement, subglacial meltout, and deformation tills. Supraglacial deposits include supraglacial meltout and flow till. Supraglacial deposits and landforms are
1046:
285:
Glacial abrasion is the weathering of bedrock below a flowing glacier by fragmented rock on the basal layer of the glacier. The two mechanisms of glacial abrasion are striation of the bedrock by coarse grains moved by the glacier, thus gouging the rock below, and polishing of the bedrock by smaller
415:
Subglacial lodgement tills are deposits beneath the glacier that are forced, or "lodged" into the bed below. As glaciers advance or retreat, the clasts that are deposited by the ice may have a lower velocity than the ice itself. When the friction between the clast and the bed exceeds the forces of
289:
Much of the silt in till is produced by glacial grinding, and the longer the till remains at the ice-bedrock interface, the more thoroughly it is crushed. However, the crushing process appears to stop with fine silt. Clay in till is likely eroded from bedrock rather than being created by glacial
433:
Subglacial deformation tills refer to the homogenization of glacial sediments that occur when the stresses and shear forces from the moving glacier rework the topography of the bed. These contain preglacial sediments (non glacial or earlier glacial sediments), which have been run over and thus
308:, which is the part of the glacier where the rate of ablation (removal of ice by evaporation, melting, or other processes) exceeds the rate of accumulation of new ice from snowfall. As ice is removed, debris are left behind as till. The deposition of glacial till is not uniform, and a single
530:
is a method of prospecting in which tills are sampled over a wide area to determine if they contain valuable minerals, such as gold, uranium, silver, nickel, or diamonds, and the flow direction indicated by the till is then used to trace the minerals back to their bedrock source.
316:
widespread in areas of glacial downwasting (vertical thinning of glaciers, as opposed to ice-retreat. They typically sit at the top of the stratigraphic sediment sequence, which has a major influence on land usage. Till is deposited as the
470:
Creep: Very slow movement of debris, downslope in direction. Flow rate is slow enough not to be seen on relatively short timescales, as observed by humans. Particle orientation is often random and not associated with the direction of
348:, though some drumlins consist of a core of stratified sediments with only a cover of till. Interpreting the glacial history of landforms can be difficult due to the tendency of overprinting landforms on top of each other.
146:
and deposited directly from the ice or from running water emerging from the ice. It is distinguished from other forms of drift in that it is deposited directly by glaciers without being reworked by meltwater.
192:
It has been known since the careful statistic work by geologist
Chauncey D. Holmes in 1941 that elongated clasts in tills tend to align with the direction of ice flow. Clasts in till may also show slight
227:
for the same kind of sediments, but this has fallen into disfavor. Where it is unclear whether a poorly sorted, unconsolidated glacial deposit was deposited directly from glaciers, it is described as
45:
Closeup of glacial till. Note that the larger grains (pebbles and gravel) in the till are completely surrounded by the matrix of finer material (silt and sand), and this characteristic, known as
425:
is worth considering the factors that contribute to melting. These can be the geothermal heat flux, frictional heat generated by sliding, ice thickness, and ice-surface temperature gradients.
1068:
Eyles, Nicholas; Kocsis, Stephen P. (November 1989). "Sedimentological controls on gold in a late
Pleistocene glacial placer deposit, Cariboo Mining District, British Columbia, Canada".
456:
Supraglacial flow tills refer to tills that are subject to a dense concentration of clasts and debris from meltout. These debris localities are then subsequently affected by
170:, but with pebbles, cobbles, and boulders scattered through the till. The abundance of clay demonstrates lack of reworking by turbulent flow, which otherwise would
464:
Mobile flows: Thin, fluid, and rapid flows that significantly contribute to erosional processes. These cause strong clast orientation in the direction of flow.
312:
can contain a wide variety of different types of tills due to the various erosional mechanisms and location of till with respect to the transporting glacier.
223:
name for coarse, rocky soil. It was first used to describe primary glacial deposits by
Archibald Geikie in 1863. Early researchers tended to prefer the term
1095:
Loen, Jeffrey S. (1 February 1994). "Origin of placer gold nuggets and history of formation of glacial gold placers, Gold Creek, Granite County, Montana".
830:
1975:
752:
1058:
Meer, J.J.M. van der, Menzies, J. and Rose, J. 2003. Subglacial till: The deforming glacier bed. Quaternary
Science Reviews 22, pp. 1659–85.
1190:
McClenaghan, M.B; Thorleifson, L.H; DiLabio, R.N.W (June 2000). "Till geochemical and indicator mineral methods in mineral exploration".
351:
As a glacier melts, large amounts of till are eroded and become a source of sediments for reworked glacial drift deposits. These include
467:
Semi-plastic: Thick, slow moving "tongues" of debris. These are also erosive, and clast sorting is more organized than in mobile flows.
434:
deformed by meltout processes or lodgement. The constant reworking of these deposited tills leads to a highly homogenized till.
1049:, pp. 17–83. In R. P. Goldthwait and C. L. Matsch, éd., Genetic classification of glacigenic deposits. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam
526:
of valuable minerals such as gold. Diamonds have been found in glacial till in the north-central United States and in Canada.
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925:
876:
1247:
270:
by the moving ice of previously available unconsolidated sediments. Bedrock can be eroded through the action of glacial
736:
683:
708:
658:
610:
582:
124:
Till is classified into primary deposits, laid down directly by glaciers, and secondary deposits, reworked by
856:
194:
913:
416:
the ice flowing above and around it, the clast will cease to move, and it will become a lodgement till.
2249:
2259:
360:
171:
1122:
Schwarcz, H. P. (July 1965). "The Origin of
Diamonds in Drift of the North Central United States".
1300:
1280:
1240:
286:
grains such as silts. Glacial plucking is the removal of large blocks from the bed of a glacier.
159:
17:
1725:
352:
375:
which may form. Erosion of till may take place even in the subglacial environment, such as in
1690:
271:
35:
299:
205:
201:
102:
8:
2244:
481:
212:, indicating minor and local reworking by water transitional to non-till glacial drift.
53:
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364:
275:
186:
151:
77:
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958:
921:
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732:
704:
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606:
578:
504:
491:
399:
61:
868:
189:. The sand and silt grains are typically angular to subangular rather than rounded.
2173:
1885:
1672:
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1199:
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1131:
1104:
1077:
864:
317:
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106:
321:
110:
30:
This article is about glacial sediments. For a point-of-sale device in shops, see
1985:
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372:
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329:
220:
138:
118:
325:
114:
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2020:
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500:
267:
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the clay. Typically, the distribution of particle sizes shows two peaks (it is
94:
1108:
653:(4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 281.
2238:
2223:
2138:
2103:
1950:
1511:
1416:
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376:
356:
304:
31:
2148:
2128:
2000:
1647:
1625:
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1466:
1411:
1396:
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540:
208:
under the weight of overlying ice. Till may also contain lenses of sand or
1175:
1158:
2037:
1928:
1908:
1898:
1825:
1775:
1700:
1546:
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1451:
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1337:
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508:
577:(Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute.
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807:
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1446:
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1965:
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703:(2d ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. p. 372.
499:. Matching beds of ancient tillites on opposite sides of the south
457:
83:
619:
394:
Secondary deposits – Reworked by fluvial transport, erosion, etc.
200:
Though till is generally unstratified, till high in clay may show
41:
2213:
2143:
2108:
2083:
2015:
1850:
1790:
1730:
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125:
98:
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some distance down-ice from its source. This takes place in the
2123:
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1995:
1955:
1918:
1820:
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1573:
1526:
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279:
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182:
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2010:
2005:
1870:
1835:
1755:
1710:
1705:
1189:
552:
368:
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of various sizes will be incorporated to the glacier's bed.
1860:
1805:
1720:
1652:
914:"10 - Supraglacial and ice-marginal deposits and landforms"
167:
163:
699:
Blatt, Harvey; Middleton, Gerard; Murray, Raymond (1980).
1047:
1988. Tills: Their genetic terminology and classification
490:
by subsequent burial into solid rock, it is known as the
1022:
995:
983:
971:
391:
Primary deposits – Laid down directly by glacier action.
1157:
Kjarsgaard, B. A.; Levinson, A. A. (1 September 2002).
1012:
1010:
298:
The sediments carried by a glacier will eventually be
507:. The same tillites also provide some support to the
1210:
1007:
890:
698:
678:(Fourth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
920:. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 317–333.
795:
768:"On the Phenomena of the Glacial Drift of Scotland"
1156:
178:) with pebbles predominating in the coarser peak.
772:Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow
340:in older writings. Till may also be deposited as
2236:
912:Johnson, W.H.; Menzies, John (1 January 2002).
596:
594:
262:Glacial till is mostly derived from subglacial
911:
857:"Glacial depositional processes and landforms"
555: – Broken rock fragments at base of cliff
387:There are various types of classifying tills:
1241:
824:
822:
605:(2d ed.). New York: Wiley. p. 379.
692:
651:Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy
591:
162:. Most till consists predominantly of clay,
1067:
907:
905:
729:Glaciation : a very short introduction
722:
720:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
1248:
1234:
819:
751:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
731:(First ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom.
676:A dictionary of geology and earth sciences
486:In cases where till has been indurated or
142:, which is rock material transported by a
1174:
955:Glacial Geology: Ice Sheets and Landforms
863:, American Cancer Society, pp. 1–7,
667:
600:
1121:
902:
717:
631:
573:Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "drift".
60:
52:
40:
952:
861:International Encyclopedia of Geography
813:
625:
572:
14:
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828:
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673:
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1016:
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989:
977:
948:
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896:
801:
789:
726:
648:
517:
1094:
918:Modern and Past Glacial Environments
854:
437:
197:, with the clasts dipping upstream.
428:
97:of material by the moving ice of a
24:
1255:
1034:
941:
543: – Geological deposit of clay
405:
25:
2271:
442:
410:
249:formed by lithification of till.
674:Allaby, Michael (2013). "till".
549: – Type of sedimentary rock
382:
57:Glacial till with tufts of grass
1183:
1150:
1115:
1088:
1061:
1052:
869:10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg1181
848:
419:
293:
128:transport and other processes.
105:some distance down-ice to form
759:
601:Thornbury, William D. (1969).
566:
131:
13:
1:
1204:10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00028-1
829:Bendle, Jacob (10 May 2020).
559:
514:glaciation event hypothesis.
1082:10.1016/0037-0738(89)90005-5
503:provided early evidence for
451:
257:
252:
65:Till after avalanche, Norway
7:
727:Evans, David J. A. (2018).
701:Origin of sedimentary rocks
603:Principles of geomorphology
534:
150:Till is characteristically
10:
2276:
916:. In Menzies, John (ed.).
766:Geikie, Archibald (1863).
479:
475:
29:
2046:
1884:
1671:
1261:
1109:10.2113/gsecongeo.89.1.91
89:Till is derived from the
27:Unsorted glacial sediment
953:Bennett, Mathew (2009).
522:Tills sometimes contain
336:is often conflated with
49:, is diagnostic of till.
1301:Basaltic trachyandesite
1281:Alkali feldspar granite
371:(annual layers) in any
1124:The Journal of Geology
353:glaciofluvial deposits
66:
58:
50:
34:. For other uses, see
1691:Banded iron formation
1176:10.5741/GEMS.38.3.208
855:Goff, Paepin (2017),
355:, such as outwash in
158:, and is not usually
64:
56:
44:
36:Till (disambiguation)
1159:"Diamonds in Canada"
831:"Subglacial erosion"
398:Traditionally (e.g.
278:, and the resulting
1192:Ore Geology Reviews
1163:Gems & Gemology
1070:Sedimentary Geology
1031:, pp. 117–118.
1004:, pp. 149–151.
992:, pp. 123–124.
980:, pp. 129–135.
957:. Wiley-Blackwell.
649:Boggs, Sam (2006).
575:Glossary of geology
2047:Specific varieties
835:Antarctic Glaciers
518:Economic resources
367:deposits, such as
332:of a glacier, and
219:comes from an old
136:Till is a form of
67:
59:
51:
2250:Sedimentary rocks
2232:
2231:
1477:Nepheline syenite
964:978-0-470-51690-4
927:978-0-7506-4226-2
878:978-1-118-78635-2
505:continental drift
438:Supraglacial till
16:(Redirected from
2267:
2260:Glacial deposits
2174:Rapakivi granite
1886:Metamorphic rock
1673:Sedimentary rock
1542:Quartz monzonite
1250:
1243:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1198:(3–4): 145–166.
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1097:Economic Geology
1092:
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623:
617:
616:
598:
589:
588:
570:
528:Till prospecting
492:sedimentary rock
482:Reusch's Moraine
429:Deformation till
373:proglacial lakes
361:glaciolacustrine
318:terminal moraine
247:sedimentary rock
21:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2042:
1986:Pseudotachylite
1880:
1667:
1599:Tephriphonolite
1257:
1254:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1188:
1184:
1155:
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1045:Dreimanis, A.,
1044:
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988:
984:
976:
972:
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951:
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903:
899:, pp. 6–9.
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524:placer deposits
520:
484:
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454:
445:
440:
431:
422:
413:
408:
406:Subglacial till
385:
326:medial moraines
296:
260:
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134:
119:ground moraines
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:Rhomb porphyry
2176:
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2021:Talc carbonate
2018:
2013:
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1622:
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1614:Trachyandesite
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1554:
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1544:
1539:
1537:Quartz diorite
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
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1509:
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1499:
1494:
1489:
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1313:
1308:
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1283:
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1259:
1258:
1256:Types of rocks
1253:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1219:, p. 158.
1209:
1182:
1169:(3): 208–238.
1149:
1136:10.1086/627101
1130:(4): 657–663.
1114:
1087:
1076:(1–2): 45–68.
1060:
1051:
1033:
1021:
1019:, p. 114.
1006:
994:
982:
970:
963:
940:
926:
901:
889:
877:
847:
818:
806:
804:, p. 112.
794:
758:
737:
716:
709:
691:
684:
666:
659:
630:
618:
611:
590:
583:
564:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
550:
544:
536:
533:
519:
516:
512:Snowball Earth
501:Atlantic Ocean
477:
474:
473:
472:
468:
465:
453:
450:
444:
441:
439:
436:
430:
427:
421:
418:
412:
411:Lodgement till
409:
407:
404:
396:
395:
392:
384:
381:
377:tunnel valleys
330:ground moraine
295:
292:
259:
256:
254:
251:
133:
130:
47:matrix support
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2272:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:Litchfieldite
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2104:Hyaloclastite
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:Litchfieldite
1949:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1512:Phonotephrite
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:Hyaloclastite
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1218:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1103:(1): 91–104.
1102:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1055:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1003:
998:
991:
986:
979:
974:
966:
960:
956:
949:
947:
945:
929:
923:
919:
915:
908:
906:
898:
893:
880:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
851:
836:
832:
825:
823:
815:
810:
803:
798:
792:, p. 112
791:
788:Discussed in
777:
773:
769:
762:
754:
748:
740:
738:9780198745853
734:
730:
723:
721:
712:
706:
702:
695:
687:
685:9780199653065
681:
677:
670:
662:
656:
652:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
627:
622:
614:
608:
604:
597:
595:
586:
580:
576:
569:
565:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
538:
532:
529:
525:
515:
513:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:
493:
489:
483:
469:
466:
463:
462:
461:
459:
449:
435:
426:
417:
403:
401:
393:
390:
389:
388:
383:Types of till
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
313:
311:
307:
306:
305:ablation zone
301:
291:
287:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:and from the
265:
250:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
198:
196:
190:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
145:
141:
140:
139:glacial drift
129:
127:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:
63:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
32:Cash register
19:
2149:Luxullianite
2129:Lapis lazuli
2074:Blue Granite
2001:Serpentinite
1976:Metapsammite
1726:Conglomerate
1648:Trondhjemite
1626:Trachybasalt
1567:Pantellerite
1467:Monzogranite
1412:Hornblendite
1397:Granodiorite
1263:Igneous rock
1212:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1054:
1024:
997:
985:
973:
954:
931:. Retrieved
917:
892:
882:, retrieved
860:
850:
838:. Retrieved
834:
816:, "tillite".
814:Jackson 1997
809:
797:
780:. Retrieved
775:
771:
761:
728:
700:
694:
675:
669:
650:
626:Jackson 1997
621:
602:
574:
568:
541:Boulder clay
527:
521:
495:
494:
485:
455:
446:
443:Meltout till
432:
423:
420:Meltout till
414:
397:
386:
365:glaciomarine
350:
337:
333:
320:, along the
314:
303:
297:
294:Depositional
288:
284:
261:
240:
225:boulder clay
224:
216:
214:
199:
191:
180:
175:
160:consolidated
156:unstratified
149:
137:
135:
123:
88:
74:glacial till
73:
69:
68:
46:
2038:Whiteschist
1929:Greenschist
1909:Cataclasite
1899:Amphibolite
1826:Phosphorite
1776:Itacolumite
1701:Calcarenite
1547:Quartzolite
1482:Nephelinite
1452:Lamprophyre
1407:Harzburgite
1365:Napoleonite
1338:Charnockite
1333:Carbonatite
1323:Blairmorite
1286:Anorthosite
840:25 November
509:Precambrian
328:and in the
290:processes.
268:entrainment
195:imbrication
181:The larger
132:Description
95:entrainment
2245:Glaciology
2239:Categories
2204:Teschenite
2189:Shonkinite
2164:Pietersite
2159:Novaculite
2069:Borolanite
2054:Adamellite
1971:Metapelite
1939:Calcflinta
1904:Blueschist
1894:Anthracite
1876:Wackestone
1856:Travertine
1801:Lumachelle
1781:Jaspillite
1736:Diamictite
1658:Websterite
1643:Troctolite
1619:Benmoreite
1579:Shonkinite
1552:Rhyodacite
1532:Pyroxenite
1502:Peridotite
1462:Lherzolite
1437:Kimberlite
1427:Ignimbrite
1422:Icelandite
1402:Granophyre
1311:Shoshonite
1217:Evans 2018
1029:Evans 2018
1017:Evans 2018
1002:Evans 2018
990:Evans 2018
978:Evans 2018
897:Evans 2018
884:2020-12-18
802:Evans 2018
790:Evans 2018
710:0136427103
660:0131547283
612:0471861979
584:0922152349
560:References
547:Diamictite
480:See also:
310:till plain
237:diamictite
206:compaction
202:lamination
2255:Sediments
2219:Variolite
2209:Theralite
2199:Tachylite
2184:Rodingite
2154:Mangerite
2134:Larvikite
2119:Jasperoid
2114:Jadeitite
2079:Epidosite
2033:Tectonite
2026:Soapstone
1991:Quartzite
1961:Migmatite
1946:Itabirite
1924:Granulite
1866:Turbidite
1846:Sylvinite
1841:Siltstone
1831:Sandstone
1816:Oil shale
1796:Limestone
1771:Gritstone
1766:Greywacke
1761:Geyserite
1751:Evaporite
1741:Diatomite
1716:Claystone
1681:Argillite
1594:Tachylyte
1562:Comendite
1507:Phonolite
1497:Pegmatite
1472:Monzonite
1447:Lamproite
1442:Komatiite
1382:Foidolite
1343:Enderbite
1306:Mugearite
1144:128414633
747:cite book
628:, "till".
488:lithified
452:Flow till
400:Dreimanis
359:, and as
300:deposited
258:Erosional
253:Processes
233:lithified
231:or (when
215:The term
103:deposited
2194:Taconite
2169:Pyrolite
2094:Ganister
2064:Aphanite
2059:Appinite
1981:Phyllite
1966:Mylonite
1934:Hornfels
1914:Eclogite
1811:Mudstone
1786:Laterite
1746:Dolomite
1663:Wehrlite
1638:Trachyte
1631:Hawaiite
1609:Tonalite
1604:Tephrite
1557:Rhyolite
1522:Porphyry
1492:Obsidian
1377:Essexite
1328:Boninite
1318:Basanite
1276:Andesite
535:See also
458:ablation
342:drumlins
276:abrasion
272:plucking
221:Scottish
187:abrasion
152:unsorted
107:terminal
101:. It is
84:sediment
78:unsorted
2214:Unakite
2144:Llanite
2109:Ijolite
2084:Felsite
2016:Suevite
1851:Tillite
1791:Lignite
1731:Coquina
1696:Breccia
1589:Syenite
1517:Picrite
1432:Ijolite
1392:Granite
1360:Diorite
1355:Diabase
1271:Adakite
496:tillite
476:Tillite
357:sandurs
334:moraine
322:lateral
264:erosion
242:Tillite
229:diamict
204:due to
176:bimodal
144:glacier
126:fluvial
111:lateral
99:glacier
91:erosion
81:glacial
18:Tillite
2124:Kenyte
2099:Gossan
1996:Schist
1956:Marble
1919:Gneiss
1821:Oolite
1686:Arkose
1584:Sovite
1574:Scoria
1527:Pumice
1487:Norite
1457:Latite
1387:Gabbro
1372:Dunite
1350:Dacite
1296:Basalt
1291:Aplite
1142:
961:
933:13 May
924:
875:
782:11 May
735:
707:
682:
657:
609:
581:
369:varves
346:flutes
280:clasts
210:gravel
183:clasts
172:winnow
166:, and
115:medial
2089:Flint
2011:Slate
2006:Skarn
1871:Varve
1836:Shale
1756:Flint
1711:Chert
1706:Chalk
1140:S2CID
553:Scree
471:flow.
245:is a
235:) as
1861:Tufa
1806:Marl
1721:Coal
1653:Tuff
959:ISBN
935:2022
922:ISBN
873:ISBN
842:2020
784:2022
753:link
733:ISBN
705:ISBN
680:ISBN
655:ISBN
607:ISBN
579:ISBN
363:and
344:and
338:till
324:and
274:and
217:till
168:sand
164:silt
154:and
117:and
93:and
70:Till
2224:Wad
1200:doi
1171:doi
1132:doi
1105:doi
1078:doi
865:doi
778:(2)
76:is
72:or
2241::
1196:16
1194:.
1167:38
1165:.
1161:.
1138:.
1128:73
1126:.
1101:89
1099:.
1074:65
1072:.
1036:^
1009:^
943:^
904:^
871:,
859:,
833:.
821:^
774:.
770:.
749:}}
745:{{
719:^
633:^
593:^
379:.
239:.
121:.
113:,
109:,
86:.
1249:e
1242:t
1235:v
1206:.
1202::
1179:.
1173::
1146:.
1134::
1111:.
1107::
1084:.
1080::
967:.
937:.
867::
844:.
786:.
776:1
755:)
741:.
713:.
688:.
663:.
615:.
587:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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