282:
days. A combination regimen of oral clindamycin and quinine has also been proven effective, but the rate of adverse reactions is significantly higher with this combination. For
Powassan virus, there are no medications for treating Powassan virus infections. Medications, however, can help to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. People with severe disease are typically treated in a hospital where they may be given intravenous fluids, fever-reducing medications, breathing support, and other therapies as needed.
164:
259:
preferably with recombinant antigens. While ELISA and
Western blot have similar sensitivity, Western blot is more specific due to the identification of specific immunoreactive bands. Seroconversion typically occurs around two weeks after symptom onset, but false positive ELISA results can be linked to poorly reactive antibodies against specific antigens, especially in patients with other infectious and non-infectious diseases.
220:
diagnosis of these illnesses remains a challenge, with many TBDs presenting with similar nonspecific symptoms and diagnosis requiring a battery of assays to assess patients adequately. New advanced molecular diagnostic methods, including next-generation sequencing and metagenomics analysis, promise improved detection of novel and emerging pathogens with the ability to detect a litany of potential pathogens with a single assay.
265:(TBE) presents non-specific clinical features, making laboratory diagnosis crucial. The diagnostic process typically involves identifying specific IgM- and IgG-serum antibodies through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) since these antibodies are detectable in most cases upon hospitalization.
215:
Ticks also have the potential to induce a motor illness characterized by acute, ascending flaccid paralysis. This condition can be fatal if not treated promptly, affecting both humans and animals. It is mainly associated with certain species of ticks. Symptoms typically ranges from fatigue, numbness
85:
worldwide. Most of these pathogens require passage through vertebrate hosts as part of their life cycle. Tick-borne infections in humans, farm animals, and companion animals are primarily associated with wildlife animal reservoirs. Many tick-borne infections in humans involve a complex cycle between
281:
and Rocky
Mountain spotted fever, Doxycycline is the first line treatment for adults and children of all ages. For babesiosis, a combination therapy with atovaquone and azithromycin is most commonly recommended for treatment of mild to moderate babesiosis. Treatment is usually continued for 7 to 10
258:
Diagnosing Lyme borreliosis relies on clinical criteria, with a history of a tick bite and associated symptoms being crucial. Laboratory diagnosis follows a 'two-tiered diagnostic protocol,' involving detecting specific antibodies using methods such as immunoenzymatic assays and
Western blot tests,
219:
Tick-borne diseases (TBD) are a major health threat in the US. The number of pathogens and the burden of disease have been increasing over the last couple decades. With improved diagnostics and surveillance, new pathogens are regularly identified, bettering our understanding of TBDs. Unfortunately,
2634:
Crispell, Gary; Commins, Scott P.; Archer-Hartman, Stephanie A.; Choudhary, Shailesh; Dharmarajan, Guha; Azadi, Parastoo; Karim, Shahid (17 May 2019). "Discovery of Alpha-Gal-Containing
Antigens in North American Tick Species Believed to Induce Red Meat Allergy". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 1056.
128:
Because individual ticks can harbor more than one disease-causing agent, patients can be infected with more than one pathogen at the same time, compounding the difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. As the incidence of tick-borne illnesses increases and the geographic areas in which they are found
250:
Diagnosing tick-borne diseases involves a dual approach. Some diagnoses rely on clinical observations and symptom analysis, while others are confirmed through laboratory tests. ticks can transmit a wide range of viruses, many of which are arboviruses. In general, specific laboratory tests are not
290:
For a person or pet to acquire a tick-borne disease requires that the individual gets bitten by a tick and that the tick feeds for a sufficient period of time. The feeding time required to transmit pathogens differs for different ticks and different pathogens. Transmission of the bacterium that
312:(the agent of Lyme disease). Other pathogens are much more rare. Ticks can be tested for infection using a highly specific and sensitive qPCR procedure. Several commercial labs provide this service to individuals for a fee. The Laboratory of Medical Zoology (LMZ), a nonprofit lab at the
1058:- Alpha-gal syndrome is likely caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to the Alpha-gal (Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose) sugar molecule introduced by ticks while feeding on a human host. The immune reaction can leave people with an allergy to red meat and other mammalian derived products.
2040:
Czupryna, Piotr; Tarasow, Eugeniusz; Moniuszko-Malinowska, Anna; Pancewicz, Sławomir; Zajkowska, Olga; Targoński, Arkadiusz; Chorąży, Monika; Rutkowski, Krzysztof; Dunaj, Justyna; Grygorczuk, Sambor; Kondrusik, Maciej; Zajkowska, Joanna (2016-01-02).
175:
Ticks tend to be more active during warmer months, though this varies by geographic region and climate. Areas with woods, bushes, high grass, or leaf litter are likely to have more ticks. Those bitten commonly experience symptoms such as body aches,
233:
to facilitate removal. Chemical methods to make the tick self-detach, or trying to pull the tick out with one's fingers, are not efficient methods. In
Australia and New Zealand, where tick-borne infections are less common than tick reactions, the
86:
wildlife animal reservoirs and tick vectors. The survival and transmission of these tick-borne viruses are closely linked to their interactions with tick vectors and host cells. These viruses are classified into different families, including
316:, provides a comprehensive TickReport for a variety of human pathogens and makes the data available to the public. Those wishing to know the incidence of tick-borne diseases in their town or state can search the LMZ surveillance database.
2648:
Sharma, Surendra Raj; Choudhary, S; Vorobiov, J; Commins, SP; Shahid, Karim (7 Feb 2024). " Tick bite-induced alpha-gal syndrome and immunologic responses in an alpha-gal deficient murine model" . Frontiers in
Immunology. 10: 1056.
228:
Ticks should be removed as soon as safely possible once discovered. They can be removed either by grasping tweezers as close to the mouth as possible and pulling without rotation; some companies market grooved tools that rotate the
117:. Tick populations are also affected by changes in the populations of their hosts (e.g. deer, cattle, mice, lizards) and those hosts' predators (e.g. foxes). Diversity and availability of hosts and predators can be affected by
273:
Patients with Lyme disease who are treated with appropriate antibiotics usually recover rapidly and completely. Antibiotics commonly used include doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime axetil. For
1602:
Zhao, Guo-Ping; Wang, Yi-Xing; Fan, Zheng-Wei; Ji, Yang; Liu, Ming-jin; Zhang, Wen-Hui; Li, Xin-Lou; Zhou, Shi-Xia; Li, Hao; Liang, Song; Liu, Wei; Yang, Yang; Fang, Li-Qun (17 February 2021).
207:, tick-to-animal transmission is difficult to prevent because animals do not show visible symptoms; the only effective prevention relies on killing ticks on the livestock production facility.
306:
For an individual to acquire infection, the feeding tick must also be infected. Not all ticks are infected. In most places in the US, 30-50% of deer ticks will be infected with
2859:
1997:
647:
transmission rates to humans via tick bite are not well established but
Bartonella is common in ticks. For example: 4.76% of 2100 ticks tested in a study in Germany
3361:
235:
1061:
The experimental confirmation and investigation of how tick bites contribute to the development of AGS have been established and examined using a mouse model.
4245:
1750:
463:
Symptoms: Relapsing fever typically presents as recurring high fevers, flu-like symptoms, headaches, and muscular pain, with less common symptoms including
2852:
2346:"Seroreactivity for spotted fever rickettsiae and co-infections with other tick-borne agents among habitants (sic) in central and southern Sweden"
114:
81:. The economic impact of tick-borne diseases is considered to be substantial in humans, and tick-borne diseases are estimated to affect ~80 % of
2786:
4683:
1128:"Let's Do a Tick Check - These pervasive bloodsuckers can give you more than just Lyme disease. Here's how to protect yourself. (Interactive)"
129:
expand, health workers increasingly must be able to distinguish the diverse, and often overlapping, clinical presentations of these diseases.
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Treatment: Antibiotics are the treatment for relapsing fever, with doxycycline, tetracycline, or erythromycin being the treatment of choice.
4237:
3354:
3074:
1746:
2780:
1081:
200:, tucking their pants legs into their socks, checking for ticks frequently, and washing and drying their clothing in a hot dryer.
3347:
113:
The occurrence of ticks and tick-borne illnesses in humans is increasing. Tick populations are spreading into new areas, in part
136:
and at least 27 are known globally. New tick-borne diseases have been discovered in the 21st century, due in part to the use of
5018:
5005:
3619:
3375:
2220:
Wolcott KA, Margos G, Fingerle V, Becker NS (September 2021). "Host association of
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: A review".
1076:
43:
1455:
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3632:
192:. People can limit their exposure to tick bites by wearing light-colored clothing (including pants and long sleeves), using
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Regions : Primarily in Africa, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Asia in and certain areas of Canada and the western United States
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3542:
4113:
2915:
1550:
824:
596:
1423:
1210:"The economic burden of Lyme disease and the cost-effectiveness of Lyme disease interventions: A scoping review"
4854:
4452:
4171:
4149:
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3054:
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689:
584:
Symptoms: Most often small red spots, other symptoms are fever, muscle pain, headache and respiratory problems
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in the legs, muscle aches, and, to in some cases, paralysis and other severe neurological manifestations.
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299:) transmit pathogens within minutes of attachment because they feed more frequently, whereas hard ticks (
153:
133:
2011:
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3600:
2663:"Tick bite-induced alpha-gal syndrome and immunologic responses in an alpha-gal deficient murine model"
353:
141:
4951:
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1577:
Paddock, Christopher D.; Lane, Robert S.; Staples, J. Erin; Labruna, Marcelo B. (21 September 2016).
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2550:
Pastula DM, Turabelidze G, Yates KF, Jones TF, Lambert AJ, Panella AJ, et al. (March 2014).
2344:
Lindblom A, Wallménius K, Nordberg M, Forsberg P, Eliasson I, Påhlson C, Nilsson K (March 2013).
2097:
1336:
3627:
2395:"Bartonella spp. Bacteremia and rheumatic symptoms in patients from lyme disease-endemic region"
4543:
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132:
As of 2020 18 tick-borne pathogens have been identified in the United States according to the
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55:
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2617:
1845:
Brites-Neto, José; Duarte, Keila Maria
Roncato; Martins, Thiago Fernandes (12 March 2015).
1615:
1374:
Brites-Neto, José; Duarte, Keila Maria Roncato; Martins, Thiago Fernandes (12 March 2015).
1221:
981:
557:
513:
308:
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by freezing and then leaving them to fall out to prevent allergic/anaphylactic reactions.
8:
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2662:
2043:"MRI and planimetric CT follow-up study of patients with severe tick-borne encephalitis"
1619:
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2113:
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3123:
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2508:
2473:
2424:
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2237:
2117:
2070:
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1971:
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1190:
1055:
1036:
950:
763:
712:
181:
38:
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2082:
295:
is well understood to require a substantial feeding period. In general, soft ticks (
5038:
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4671:
4651:
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956:
395:
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230:
193:
99:
2058:
1996:. Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA). 13 April 2021.
899:
Organism: tentatively Alongshan virus, jingmenvirus group in the flavivirus family
4906:
4901:
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4300:
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1234:
936:
869:
418:
168:
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1578:
467:, joint pain, altered mentation, cough, sore throat, painful urination, and rash
251:
available for rapid diagnosis of tick-borne diseases. Due to their seriousness,
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2787:
Parasitic Insects, Mites and Ticks: Genera of Medical and Veterinary Importance
2762:
2679:
1966:
1949:
1914:
1738:
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1000:
968:
942:
910:
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1300:
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118:
95:
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2901:
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2512:
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2459:
2428:
2410:
2379:
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1975:
1931:
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1409:
1360:
1318:
1261:
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878:
839:
748:
704:
528:
453:
333:
303:) take hours or days, but the latter are more common and harder to remove.
292:
278:
274:
107:
103:
87:
2552:"Notes from the field: Heartland virus disease - United States, 2012-2013"
1788:
1691:
1277:"Emerging tick-borne pathogens of public health importance: a mini-review"
421:(tick-borne relapsing fever, different from Lyme disease due to different
54:, which afflict humans and other animals, are caused by infectious agents
4921:
4723:
4646:
4621:
4370:
4350:
4255:
4215:
4139:
3510:
3505:
3426:
3409:
3202:
2971:
2661:
Surendra RS; Choudhary S; Vorobiov J; Commins SP J; Shahid Karim (2024).
2287:
2264:
1292:
873:
410:
406:
2795:"Tick Saliva and the Alpha-Gal Syndrome: Finding a Needle in a Haystack"
1175:
4859:
4834:
4802:
4579:
4560:
4550:
4538:
4385:
3997:
3969:
3795:
3755:
3102:
2592:"Chinese researchers highlight new tick-borne disease, Alongshan virus"
929:
834:
805:
800:
743:
699:
639:
588:
549:
252:
185:
91:
66:
2768:
2711:
1675:
1558:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2020
4931:
4410:
3443:
3438:
3371:
3166:
3007:
2743:
2442:
Janecek E, Mietze A, Goethe R, Schnieder T, Strube C (October 2012).
2324:
2306:
1101:
1096:
1071:
650:
572:): Confirmed common in ticks in Sweden, Switzerland, France, and Laos
387:
296:
163:
70:
1492:"The Impacts of Climate Change on Ticks and Tick-Borne Disease Risk"
1157:
Kumar, Manish; Sharma, Aniket; Grover, Prashant (13 February 2019).
4914:
4829:
4405:
4380:
4333:
3878:
3448:
3391:
2350:
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
430:
399:
300:
255:
treatment is often justified based on clinical presentation alone.
78:
62:
2343:
4718:
4589:
3842:
1208:
Mac, Stephen; da Silva, Sara R.; Sander, Beate (4 January 2019).
539:
239:
2526:
1847:"Tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide"
1376:"Tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide"
591:
therapy is needed, phenoxymethylpenicillin likely is sufficient.
4926:
4491:
4144:
3740:
3231:
860:
Region: Southern part of Asia, Northern Africa, Southern Europe
475:
464:
82:
2763:
Tick-Borne Diseases: Recommendations for Workers and Employers
2393:
Ben Beard C, Nelson CA, Mead PS, Petersen LR (November 2012).
1896:
Rodino, Kyle G; Theel, Elitza S; Pritt, Bobbi S (2020-04-01).
1456:"Lyme and other tick-borne diseases are on the rise. But why?"
1337:"Tick-borne infections of animals and humans: a common ground"
4155:
2491:
Dobler G (January 2010). "Zoonotic tick-borne flaviviruses".
2193:
2191:
383:
177:
74:
3369:
2549:
2441:
552:
therapy, typically consisting of doxycycline or tetracycline
3608:
2783:—3D animation of Deer or Blacklegged Tick from US Army site
2392:
2219:
830:
695:
543:
197:
189:
58:
2596:
CIDRAP - Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy
2198:
2188:
1580:
Changing paradigms for tick-borne diseases in the Americas
2598:. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota. May 29, 2019.
2444:"Bartonella spp. infection rate and B. grahamii in ticks"
2173:
1770:
1576:
1552:
Tick-Borne Disease Working Group. 2020 Report to Congress
2867:
1844:
1373:
896:
Severe febrile illness, headaches, coma in 1/3 patients
2792:
2019:
Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy
752:. Lineage 2 POWV is also known as deer tick virus (DTV)
677:
Region (US): Southeast, South-central, West, widespread
238:
recommends seeking medical assistance or killing ticks
236:
Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy
2765:—National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1771:
Rahlenbeck S, Fingerle V, Doggett S (September 2016).
917:
Region: Inner Mongolia but potentially more widespread
167:
A tick crawling on a human head in a wooded area near
61:
bites. They are caused by infection with a variety of
1751:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2701:
1676:"Discovery and Surveillance of Tick-Borne Pathogens"
599:(formerly human granulocytic ehrlichiosis or HGE)
348:Vector: at least 15 species of ticks in the genus
1604:"Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China"
1207:
1156:
5058:
2799:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
1895:
1773:"Prevention of tick-borne diseases: an overview"
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2771:—National Center for Infectious Diseases (CDC)
1950:"Removal of ticks: a review of the literature"
1424:"Lyme and Other Tickborne Diseases Increasing"
3721:
3355:
2853:
2277:
2254:
1674:Tokarz, Rafal; Lipkin, W. Ian (1 July 2021).
1601:
1275:Rochlin, Ilia; Toledo, Alvaro (1 June 2020).
1274:
891:Region: Missouri and Tennessee, United States
799:Organism: Colorado tick fever virus (CTF), a
2330:
1990:"New Animation - How to Safely Remove Ticks"
1673:
789:Endemic to: North America and eastern Russia
3075:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
2556:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1545:
1543:
1119:
3362:
3348:
2860:
2846:
2777:—Massachusetts Department of Public Health
2651:https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1336883
1943:
1941:
1898:"Tick-Borne Diseases in the United States"
1747:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
633:Region (US): South Atlantic, South-central
2820:
2810:
2688:
2678:
2567:
2467:
2418:
2369:
1965:
1913:
1872:
1862:
1796:
1707:
1643:
1507:
1467:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1399:
1308:
1251:
1233:
1184:
1174:
2637:https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01056
2095:
1813:
1540:
1082:List of diseases spread by invertebrates
162:
4436:Ear-Nose-Throat/Upper respiratory tract
3609:Access to water, sanitation and hygiene
2495:. Zoonoses: Advances and Perspectives.
2004:
1947:
1938:
1777:The British Journal of General Practice
1570:
1489:
1453:
1152:
1150:
14:
5059:
5019:Infectious disease (medical specialty)
4911:Antimicrobial resistance surveillance
2490:
2098:"Diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis"
1667:
1483:
1442:
1341:International Journal for Parasitology
1334:
1268:
1125:
1077:Climate change and infectious diseases
3343:
3129:Southern tick-associated rash illness
2841:
2096:Holzmann, Heidemarie (1 April 2003).
402:, fatigue, and influenza-like illness
4266:Compartmental models in epidemiology
2280:"Lyme disease: Treatments and drugs"
1595:
1330:
1328:
1147:
731:Endemic to: Europe and northern Asia
379:Endemic to: The Americas and Eurasia
198:N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET)
2000:from the original on 27 March 2023.
742:Organism: Powassan virus (POWV), a
324:Major tick-borne diseases include:
24:
2793:Surendra RS; Shahid Karim (2021).
1821:"Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever"
1509:10.1146/annurev-ento-052720-094533
1416:
1201:
963:Region (US): Northeast, West Coast
25:
5078:
2697:
2527:"Powassan Virus | Powassan | CDC"
1325:
409:in pregnant adults and children,
285:
5015:Economics of Infectious Diseases
1490:Gilbert, Lucy (7 January 2021).
1454:Chrobak, Ula (3 February 2022).
1020:(American dog tick or wood tick)
3045:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
2642:
2628:
2602:
2584:
2543:
2519:
2484:
2435:
2386:
2312:
2294:
2271:
2248:
2213:
2166:
2160:"TickEncounter Resource Center"
2152:
2128:
2089:
2033:
1982:
1889:
1838:
1764:
1731:
1583:. National Academies Press (US)
1281:Journal of Medical Microbiology
825:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
597:Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
342:Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
223:
5024:Infectious disease informatics
4855:Transmission-based precautions
3055:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
1864:10.14202/vetworld.2015.301-315
1392:10.14202/vetworld.2015.301-315
1367:
690:Tick-borne meningoencephalitis
13:
1:
4441:Chest/Lower respiratory tract
4216:Ocular (Eye) mucosal membrane
3577:Behavioral/lifestyle factors
2222:Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases
2203:Laboratory of Medical Zoology
2178:Laboratory of Medical Zoology
2162:. University of Rhode Island.
2114:10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00819-8
2059:10.3109/23744235.2015.1083119
1680:Journal of Medical Entomology
1335:Baneth, Gad (1 August 2014).
1112:
1087:List of insect-borne diseases
988:Region (US): South, Southeast
147:
4003:Aerosol-generating procedure
3781:Silent/Subclinical infection
3481:Multidrug-resistant bacteria
2959:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
2639:. PMC 6533943. PMID 31156631
2616:. Department of Entomology,
2505:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.024
2448:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2399:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2234:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101766
2199:"Tick-Borne Disease Network"
1353:10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.03.011
1235:10.1371/journal.pone.0210280
1049:
1014:(Rocky Mountain wood tick),
923:
581:is the main European vector.
508:Region (US): East, Southwest
486:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
327:
268:
245:
7:
4667:Vaccine-preventable disease
4615:Monoclonal antibody therapy
2990:Relapsing fever borreliosis
2939:Spotted fever rickettsiosis
2286:. Diseases and Conditions.
2263:. Diseases and Conditions.
2207:University of Massachusetts
2182:University of Massachusetts
1496:Annual Review of Entomology
1428:Centers for Disease Control
1065:
1040:(Australian paralysis tick)
960:(western black-legged tick)
478:Several diseases caused by
319:
314:University of Massachusetts
210:
158:
154:Tick-Borne Disease Alliance
134:Centers for Disease Control
10:
5083:
4808:Respiratory source control
2680:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1336883
1967:10.2807/esw.11.33.03027-en
1948:Pitches DW (August 2006).
1628:10.1038/s41467-021-21375-1
587:Treatment: Broad-spectrum
534:Symptoms:Fever, headache,
151:
142:next-generation sequencing
4998:
4952:Global Health Initiatives
4942:Evolutionary epidemiology
4890:
4682:
4637:Post-exposure prophylaxis
4573:Antimicrobial stewardship
4531:
4518:
4423:
4314:
4296:Multiplicity of infection
4261:Basic reproduction number
4236:
4208:
4194:
4180:
4164:
4132:
4094:
4037:Percutaneous inoculation
4023:
3985:
3978:
3960:
3892:
3859:
3852:
3816:
3809:
3712:
3599:
3521:Host–pathogen interaction
3496:
3390:
3383:
3315:
3279:
3229:
3200:
3164:
3157:
3141:
3111:
3093:
3020:
2998:
2980:Baggio–Yoshinari syndrome
2970:
2892:
2883:
2876:
2812:10.3389/fcimb.2021.680264
2775:Tickborne Disease Website
2734:
2705:
2362:10.1007/s10096-012-1742-3
2320:Relapsing fever~treatment
1469:10.1146/knowable-020222-1
1126:Wenner M (11 June 2021).
1107:Ticks of domestic animals
610:Ehrlichia phagocytophilum
605:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
405:Treatment: Antibiotics –
205:World Health Organization
37:
32:
4770:Protective sequestration
4632:Pre-exposure prophylaxis
3923:Generational difference
3476:Horizontal gene transfer
3466:Antimicrobial resistance
3324:Rhipicephalus sanguineus
2949:American tick bite fever
2944:Pacific Coast tick fever
2257:"Lyme disease: Symptoms"
1915:10.1093/clinchem/hvaa040
1043:Region (Australia): East
994:
884:Vector: Lone star tick (
683:
4957:Microbial phylogenetics
4875:Wastewater surveillance
4396:Geographic distribution
4271:Critical community size
4069:Surgical site infection
3917:Iatrogenic/Medical care
3836:Microbial translocation
3832:Endogenous reactivation
3827:Normal flora overgrowth
3776:Opportunistic infection
3548:Opportunistic infection
3085:Tick-borne encephalitis
3060:Kyasanur Forest disease
2667:Frontiers in Immunology
2493:Veterinary Microbiology
865:Severe febrile illness
558:Helvetica spotted fever
398:, cranial nerve palsy,
263:Tick-borne encephalitis
5029:Microbial bioterrorism
4652:efficacy/effectiveness
4060:Surgical intervention
3952:Breakthrough infection
3574:Genetic predisposition
3558:Susceptible individual
3405:Germ theory of disease
3220:Dermacentor variabilis
3065:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
2460:10.3201/eid1810.120390
2411:10.3201/eid1811.120675
2136:"Tick-Borne Illnesses"
1092:Mosquito-borne disease
657:Francisella tularensis
499:Dermacentor variabilis
172:
4865:Universal precautions
3823:Endogenous overgrowth
3675:Poultry and livestock
3213:Dermacentor andersoni
3191:Amblyomma triguttatum
3070:Powassan encephalitis
1789:10.3399/bjgp16X687013
1739:"Tick-Borne Diseases"
1608:Nature Communications
1011:Dermacentor andersoni
902:Vector: tick (likely
814:Dermacentor andersoni
778:Dermacentor andersoni
536:altered mental status
492:Rickettsia rickettsii
166:
152:Further information:
123:habitat fragmentation
115:due to climate change
4967:Genomic reassortment
4947:Genetic epidemiology
4786:Health communication
4714:Flattening the curve
4704:Disease surveillance
4487:Systemic/Generalized
4251:Animal disease model
3731:Asymptomatic carrier
3306:Ornithodoros moubata
3292:Ornithodoros gurneyi
3184:Amblyomma cajennense
3177:Amblyomma americanum
3095:Protozoan infections
3080:Tete orthobunyavirus
3050:Heartland bandavirus
2920:Human monocytotropic
2885:Bacterial infections
2618:University of Sydney
1293:10.1099/jmm.0.001206
1159:"Triple Tick Attack"
1034:Vector (Australia):
982:Amblyomma americanum
886:Amblyomma americanum
625:Amblyomma americanum
575:Vector/region(s)#1:
564:Rickettsia helvetica
514:Amblyomma cajennense
496:Vector: Wood tick (
309:Borrelia burgdorferi
5067:Tick-borne diseases
5034:Pandemic prevention
4990:Viral phylodynamics
4971:Re-emerging disease
4860:Travel restrictions
4064:Postoperative wound
4033:Blood-borne disease
4015:Respiratory droplet
3927:Vertical/Congenital
3912:Nosocomial/Hospital
3869:Spillover infection
3299:Ornithodoros hermsi
3040:Colorado tick fever
2869:Tick-borne diseases
2624:. November 7, 2003.
2278:Mayo Clinic Staff.
2255:Mayo Clinic Staff.
2047:Infectious Diseases
1692:10.1093/jme/tjaa269
1620:2021NatCo..12.1075Z
1226:2019PLoSO..1410280M
1176:10.7759/cureus.4064
848:Hyalomma marginatum
795:Colorado tick fever
710:Vector: deer tick (
425:species and ticks)
69:and other types of
52:Tick-borne diseases
4980:Selection pressure
4276:Force of infection
3904:Contagious disease
3839:Endogenous seeding
3736:Chain of infection
3660:Injection drug use
3571:Vaccination status
3454:Case fatality rate
3372:infectious disease
2916:Human granulocytic
2769:Tickborne Diseases
2735:External resources
2614:medent.usyd.edu.au
1994:www.allergy.org.au
1902:Clinical Chemistry
1133:The New York Times
1031:: East, West coast
905:Ixodes persulcatus
725:Ixodes persulcatus
173:
44:Infectious disease
33:Tick-borne disease
18:Tick-borne illness
5054:
5053:
5044:Tropical medicine
4985:Synthetic biology
4886:
4885:
4845:Social distancing
4798:Outbreak response
4419:
4418:
4246:Agent-based model
4232:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
3771:Natural reservoir
3761:Infectious period
3751:Incubation period
3708:
3707:
3664:Natural disaster
3633:Tropical diseases
3616:Biodiversity loss
3553:Risk of infection
3543:Microbiome health
3536:Immunosuppression
3337:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3270:Ixodes scapularis
3249:Ixodes holocyclus
3158:Species and bites
3137:
3136:
3124:Alpha-gal allergy
3016:
3015:
2907:Boutonneuse fever
2781:Ixodes Scapularis
2758:
2757:
2653:. PMC NA. PMID NA
2622:Westmead Hospital
2454:(10): 1689–1690.
2405:(11): 1918–1919.
1954:Euro Surveillance
1460:Knowable Magazine
1430:. 21 October 2021
1056:Alpha-gal allergy
1037:Ixodes holocyclus
951:Ixodes scapularis
819:Region: US (West)
739:/deer tick virus
713:Ixodes scapularis
519:Region (Brazil):
358:Ixodes scapularis
203:According to the
49:
48:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5074:
5039:Tropical disease
4975:Reverse zoonosis
4962:One Health Model
4791:Health education
4780:Community health
4699:Cordon sanitaire
4672:Ring vaccination
4642:Repurposed drugs
4529:
4528:
4448:Gastrointestinal
4291:Machine learning
4095:Gastrointestinal
4046:Intravenous line
3983:
3982:
3897:/Cross-infection
3884:Reverse zoonosis
3857:
3856:
3814:
3813:
3719:
3718:
3700:War and conflict
3568:Nutrition status
3531:Immunodeficiency
3388:
3387:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3341:
3340:
3256:Ixodes pacificus
3242:Ixodes cornuatus
3162:
3161:
3149:Tick infestation
3022:Viral infections
2890:
2889:
2881:
2880:
2871:and infestations
2862:
2855:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2814:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2692:
2682:
2654:
2646:
2640:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2571:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2499:(3–4): 221–228.
2488:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2422:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2373:
2341:
2328:
2316:
2310:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2016:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1969:
1960:(8): E060817.4.
1945:
1936:
1935:
1917:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1851:Veterinary World
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1800:
1783:(650): 492–494.
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1711:
1686:(4): 1525–1535.
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1647:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1511:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1451:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1403:
1380:Veterinary World
1371:
1365:
1364:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1312:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1255:
1237:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1123:
985:(Lone star tick)
975:Cytauxzoon felis
728:(Russia + Asia))
698:(FSME) virus, a
482:bacteria (below)
434:species such as
396:erythema migrans
392:neuroborreliosis
194:insect repellent
138:molecular assays
100:Orthomyxoviridae
30:
29:
21:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5050:
4994:
4907:Antigenic shift
4902:Antigenic drift
4893:
4882:
4746:Barrier nursing
4694:Contact tracing
4685:
4678:
4523:
4521:
4514:
4425:
4415:
4316:
4310:
4301:Serial interval
4220:
4204:
4195:Cervico-vaginal
4190:
4181:Trans-placental
4176:
4160:
4128:
4090:
4026:Vascular system
4025:
4019:
3974:
3962:
3956:
3896:
3888:
3848:
3805:
3723:
3704:
3595:
3526:Immune response
3492:
3471:Drug resistance
3415:Infectious dose
3379:
3368:
3338:
3329:
3311:
3275:
3225:
3196:
3153:
3133:
3107:
3089:
3012:
2994:
2966:
2872:
2866:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2730:
2729:
2714:
2700:
2658:
2657:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2629:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2562:(12): 270–271.
2548:
2544:
2535:
2533:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2489:
2485:
2440:
2436:
2391:
2387:
2342:
2331:
2317:
2313:
2302:Relapsing fever
2299:
2295:
2276:
2272:
2253:
2249:
2218:
2214:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2094:
2090:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1946:
1939:
1894:
1890:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1452:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1372:
1368:
1333:
1326:
1273:
1269:
1220:(1): e0210280.
1206:
1202:
1155:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1068:
1052:
997:
937:Babesia microti
926:
870:Heartland virus
773:Ix. spinipalpus
686:
419:Relapsing fever
413:in other adults
336:or borreliosis
330:
322:
288:
271:
248:
226:
213:
169:LeRoy, Michigan
161:
156:
150:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5080:
5070:
5069:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5013:
5008:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4937:Emergent virus
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4896:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4872:
4870:Vector control
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4813:N95 respirator
4805:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4772:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4755:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4686:pharmaceutical
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4553:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4535:
4533:
4532:Pharmaceutical
4526:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4483:Cardiovascular
4481:
4476:
4471:
4468:
4463:
4462:Nervous system
4460:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4429:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4286:Infection rate
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4048:
4043:
4041:Injection site
4035:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4010:Dental aerosol
4007:
4006:
4005:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3932:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3894:Human-to-human
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:Super-spreader
3788:
3786:Superinfection
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3695:Vector control
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3624:Climate zones
3622:
3620:Climate change
3617:
3614:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3436:
3434:Quorum sensing
3431:
3430:
3429:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3367:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3287:
3285:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3263:Ixodes ricinus
3259:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3235:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3208:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3172:
3170:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3119:Tick paralysis
3115:
3113:
3112:Other diseases
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2954:rickettsialpox
2951:
2946:
2936:
2931:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:Classification
2699:
2698:External links
2696:
2656:
2655:
2641:
2627:
2601:
2583:
2542:
2518:
2483:
2434:
2385:
2356:(3): 317–323.
2329:
2311:
2293:
2284:MayoClinic.com
2270:
2261:MayoClinic.com
2247:
2212:
2187:
2165:
2151:
2127:
2088:
2032:
2012:"Tick Allergy"
2003:
1981:
1937:
1908:(4): 537–548.
1888:
1857:(3): 301–305.
1837:
1812:
1763:
1730:
1666:
1594:
1569:
1539:
1502:(1): 373–388.
1482:
1441:
1415:
1386:(3): 301–315.
1366:
1347:(9): 591–596.
1324:
1287:(6): 781–791.
1267:
1200:
1146:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1032:
1021:
1006:
1001:Tick paralysis
996:
993:
992:
991:
990:
989:
986:
977:
969:Cytauxzoonosis
966:
965:
964:
961:
946:
943:Theileria equi
925:
922:
921:
920:
919:
918:
915:
911:Ixodes ricinus
900:
894:
893:
892:
889:
882:
863:
862:
861:
858:
843:
822:
821:
820:
817:
809:
792:
791:
790:
787:
764:Ix. scapularis
753:
737:Powassan virus
734:
733:
732:
729:
719:Ixodes ricinus
708:
685:
682:
681:
680:
679:
678:
675:
663:
648:
636:
635:
634:
631:
621:Lone star tick
617:
614:Ehrlichia equi
594:
593:
592:
585:
582:
578:Ixodes ricinus
573:
566:
555:
554:
553:
546:
532:
525:Rio de Janeiro
517:
509:
506:
494:
483:
473:
472:
471:
468:
461:
458:
449:
416:
415:
414:
403:
380:
377:
374:I. persulcatus
346:
329:
326:
321:
318:
287:
286:Assessing risk
284:
270:
267:
247:
244:
225:
222:
212:
209:
160:
157:
149:
146:
56:transmitted by
47:
46:
41:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5079:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:Sterilization
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4818:Surgical mask
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4775:Public health
4773:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4681:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4627:Phage therapy
4625:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4610:Immunotherapy
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4568:Antimicrobial
4566:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4517:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4459:Genitourinary
4458:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4422:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:in population
4313:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:Herd immunity
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:Genitourinary
4163:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4107:Contamination
4105:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4075:Vector-borne
4074:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3861:Cross-species
3858:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3801:Window period
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3766:Latent period
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3645:Deforestation
3643:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3590:Stress levels
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3422:Pathogenicity
3420:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Bourbon virus
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
3000:Thiotrichales
2997:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2894:Rickettsiales
2891:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2228:(5): 101766.
2227:
2223:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2161:
2155:
2141:
2140:Yale Medicine
2137:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2021:. 21 May 2019
2020:
2013:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1942:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1029:D. variabilis
1026:
1023:Region (US):
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:D. variabilis
1013:
1012:
1008:Vector (US):
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
987:
984:
983:
978:
976:
972:
971:
970:
967:
962:
959:
958:
954:(deer tick),
953:
952:
947:
945:
944:
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4758:Notification
4729:Hand washing
4724:Food hygiene
4709:Disinfection
4605:Immunization
4556:Anthelmintic
4544:prophylactic
4432:Respiratory
4356:Hyperendemic
4306:WAIFW matrix
4083:
3961:Environment-
3714:Transmission
3690:Urbanization
3488:Host tropism
3384:Determinants
3370:Concepts in
3322:
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3282:Ornithodoros
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3142:Infestations
3030:Bhanja virus
2985:Lyme disease
2934:Scrub typhus
2925:
2912:Ehrlichiosis
2902:Anaplasmosis
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2174:"TickReport"
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1131:
1121:
1035:
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1025:D. andersoni
1024:
1015:
1009:
1005:Cause: Toxin
980:
974:
957:I. pacificus
955:
949:
941:
935:
909:
903:
885:
879:Bunyaviridae
877:
852:
846:
840:Bunyaviridae
838:
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749:Flaviviridae
747:
746:from family
723:
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705:Flaviviridae
703:
702:from family
673:D. andersoni
672:
666:
660:
656:
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638:
628:
624:
613:
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570:R. helvetica
569:
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529:Minas Gerais
512:
504:D. andersoni
503:
497:
491:
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454:Ornithodoros
452:
446:
442:
438:
435:
429:
422:
373:
369:
366:I. pacificus
365:
361:
357:
352:, including
349:
340:
334:Lyme disease
323:
307:
305:
293:Lyme disease
289:
279:ehrlichiosis
275:Anaplasmosis
272:
261:
257:
249:
227:
224:Tick removal
218:
214:
202:
174:
131:
127:
112:
108:Flaviviridae
104:Bunyaviridae
88:Asfarviridae
65:, including
51:
50:
5011:Eradication
4922:Biosecurity
4647:Vaccination
4622:Inoculation
4600:Drug safety
4595:Combination
4522:and Control
4470:Soft tissue
4424:Anatomical
4391:Seasonality
4371:Mesoendemic
4351:Holoendemic
4344:Farr's laws
4256:Attack rate
4054:Animal bite
4050:Insect bite
3986:Respiratory
3613:Air quality
3601:Environment
3511:Comorbidity
3427:Attack rate
3410:Infectivity
3203:Dermacentor
2972:Spirochaete
2531:www.cdc.gov
2288:Mayo Clinic
2265:Mayo Clinic
2108:: S36–S40.
1825:www.who.int
1614:(1): 1075.
876:, from the
874:phlebovirus
837:, from the
645:Bartonella
548:Treatment:
436:B. hermsii,
428:Organisms:
411:doxycycline
407:amoxicillin
345:(bacterium)
4894:infections
4835:Sanitation
4803:Quarantine
4662:resistance
4580:Antiseptic
4561:Ascaricide
4551:Antifungal
4539:Antibiotic
4520:Prevention
4453:Intestinal
4386:Prevalence
4366:Inequality
4315:Occurrence
4114:Breastmilk
3998:Bioaerosol
3970:Sapronosis
3945:Horizontal
3817:Endogenous
3796:Viral load
3756:Index case
3103:Babesiosis
2926:E. ewingii
2536:2017-06-07
2145:2023-11-02
1113:References
973:Organism:
934:Organism:
930:Babesiosis
868:Organism:
835:nairovirus
829:Organism:
806:Reoviridae
801:coltivirus
744:flavivirus
722:(Europe),
700:flavivirus
694:Organism:
655:Organism:
640:Bartonella
608:(formerly
602:Organism:
589:antibiotic
562:Organism:
550:Antibiotic
490:Organism:
480:Rickettsia
443:B. duttoni
439:B. parkeri
382:Symptoms:
372:(Europe),
370:I. ricinus
362:I. dammini
339:Organism:
253:antibiotic
186:joint pain
148:Prevention
92:Reoviridae
67:rickettsia
5006:Discovery
4932:Disease X
4892:Emerging
4840:Screening
4741:Isolation
4585:Antiviral
4411:Twindemic
4361:Incidence
4238:Modelling
4201:Perinatal
4133:Cutaneous
4024:Linked to
3934:Perinatal
3853:Exogenous
3845:formation
3587:Pregnancy
3444:Endotoxin
3439:Virulence
3167:Amblyomma
3008:Tularemia
2928:infection
2789:Wikibooks
2749:emerg/584
2744:eMedicine
2325:eMedicine
2307:eMedicine
2067:2374-4235
1924:0009-9147
1700:0022-2585
1636:2041-1723
1534:231300522
1518:0066-4170
1301:0022-2615
1244:1932-6203
1102:Tibovirus
1097:Robovirus
1072:Arbovirus
1050:Allergies
924:Protozoan
833:virus, a
803:from the
769:Ix. marxi
651:Tularemia
521:SĂŁo Paulo
388:arthritis
354:deer tick
328:Bacterial
297:Argasidae
269:Treatment
246:Diagnosis
231:hypostome
63:pathogens
39:Specialty
5061:Category
4915:EARS-Net
4830:Safe sex
4782:services
4753:Lockdown
4524:measures
4426:location
4406:Syndemic
4401:Sporadic
4381:Pandemic
4376:Outbreak
4334:Epidemic
4187:Prenatal
4079:Mosquito
3963:to-human
3938:Neonatal
3931:Prenatal
3879:Zoonosis
3724:concepts
3655:Humidity
3640:Commerce
3516:Diabetes
3449:Exotoxin
2877:Diseases
2831:34354960
2690:10882631
2578:24670929
2513:19765917
2478:23017501
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2380:22961007
2242:34161868
2122:12628812
2083:24319392
2075:26414745
1998:Archived
1976:16966784
1932:32232463
1883:27047089
1807:27563139
1718:33313662
1654:33597544
1526:33417823
1410:27047089
1361:24846527
1319:32478654
1262:30608986
1214:PLOS ONE
1195:31016091
1066:See also
1027:: East,
979:Vector:
948:Vector:
845:Vector:
811:Vector:
755:Vector:
665:Vector:
619:Vector:
511:Vector:
451:Vector:
431:Borrelia
423:Borrelia
400:carditis
320:Examples
301:Ixodidae
211:Symptoms
159:Exposure
79:protozoa
71:bacteria
4719:Hygiene
4657:booster
4590:Asepsis
4329:Endemic
4324:Cluster
3908:Source
3843:Biofilm
3680:Poverty
3650:Ecology
3628:El Niño
3581:Smoking
3459:factors
3400:Biofilm
3376:Outline
2822:8331069
2725:D017282
2610:"Ticks"
2569:5779346
2469:3471628
2420:3559143
2371:3569577
2102:Vaccine
2025:17 July
1874:4774835
1798:5198687
1756:May 21,
1743:cdc.gov
1723:4 March
1709:8285023
1659:4 March
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1253:6319811
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457:species
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4145:Fomite
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4124:Feces
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3810:Modes
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2079:S2CID
2015:(PDF)
1556:(PDF)
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856:bursa
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4150:Soil
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2620:and
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2071:PMID
2063:ISSN
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1297:ISSN
1258:PMID
1240:ISSN
1191:PMID
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872:, a
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696:TBEV
544:rash
140:and
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4823:PPE
4511:Eye
4172:Sex
3993:Air
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2817:PMC
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