Three-cent nickel - Knowledge

751: 590:, who in his first annual report in 1867, described the redemption clause in the nickel's authorizing legislation as "a most wise and just provision", urging its extension to the cent, two-cent piece, and three-cent piece. Postmasters were compelled to take three-cent nickel pieces in exchange for stamps, but had difficulty in depositing them in the Treasury in payment of their obligations, as the government would take no more than sixty cents worth of them in a single transaction. Private individuals and firms similarly refused them beyond the legal tender limit; those with a surplus of base metal coins often sold them at a discount. 456: 630:. After his return to Washington, he submitted a report that recommended many changes to how the Mint did business, including reform of the base-metal coinage. Knox complained that the various enactments for non-specie coinage were "entirely disconnected and incongruous". Linderman submitted legislation to discontinue fractional currency of less than 25 cents, and authorizing copper-nickel coins of one, three and five cents, legal tender and redeemable, and in the case of the three-cent piece, larger and heavier than the existing coin. Linderman's bill was introduced by Pennsylvania Representative 169: 119: 671:(the last denomination was reinstated in 1878). The three-cent piece was made legal tender to twenty-five cents, as were the other two base-metal coins, the cent and nickel (the surviving silver coins were legal tender to five dollars). Numismatic writer Breen deemed the decision to eliminate the silver three-cent piece and the half dime, which might directly compete with the two copper-nickel coins, a favor to Wharton. Carothers called the abolition of the silver three- and five-cent pieces "a necessity if the 3 cent and 5 cent nickel pieces were to be continued after the 561: 1848: 694: 706: 1862: 349: 821: 415: 1834: 730:

the West lowered the price of that metal to the point where old silver coins emerged from hoarding and circulated again. These factors, combined with ample stocks of cents and nickels, made the three-cent nickel, a non-silver coin of odd denomination, less desirable. By 1876, the mintage for circulation had declined to 162,000. None were struck for circulation in 1877 and 1878, though some proof coins were minted for sale to the public.

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denomination's existence, no three-cent pieces were struck for circulation in 1886 (though several thousand proof coins were produced), and in the three remaining years of the piece's life, a total of less than 60,000 circulation strikes were minted. As the production of three-cent pieces dwindled, the other non-specie coins prospered, with record numbers of cents being struck in the 1880s to address the need to make change, and for

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issues. Even though these could now only be issued anonymously, and so could not be redeemed, the copperheads were preferred to the 3-cent shinplasters. Some copperhead tokens even read "Substitute for shinplasters". The notes soon became filthy and ragged, making them even more disliked. They were more difficult to value in quantity than notes with denominations divisible by five. According to

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metal coinage be composed of 75% copper and 25% nickel. The copper-nickel cents had contained only 12% nickel, and even so had been difficult for the Mint to strike due to the hardness of the metal, the use of which damaged equipment and quickly broke dies. An alloy of 25% nickel would be even more difficult to coin. Wharton argued that the tough alloy would be difficult to counterfeit.

726:(Longacre had died in office on January 1, 1869) to redo the logotypes for the date. Thus, most denominations of American coinage dated 1873, including the three-cent nickel piece, have varieties: the Close (or Closed) 3 from early in the year, and the Open 3 from after Barber made his modifications. A total of 390,000 Closed 3 and 783,000 Open 3 of the three-cent nickel were minted. 808:. In 1942, Congress granted the Treasury Secretary the temporary authority to change the composition of the nickel because of wartime metal shortages, and if public demand for the five-cent piece required it, the Mint could strike three-cent pieces. Nothing came of any of the proposals. The three-cent piece was confirmed as fully legal tender by the 519:. Although the Liberty as used on the three-cent nickel piece is closest to Longacre's experimental cents of 1857 and quarter eagles of 1860, she resembles most of the Chief Engraver's other depictions of Liberty. On the three-cent piece, she wears a coronet with her name on it, and a ribbon binds her hair. For the reverse, Longacre combined the 333:, where they were both acceptable in circulation, and could be exchanged for gold. This departure of low-value coins was far more disruptive to commerce than the loss of the high-denomination gold coins, and change in transactions was made by a variety of makeshifts. These included currency issues by cities and businesses, 272:. After 1870, most years saw low annual mintages for the three-cent nickel, and in 1890 Congress abolished it. The last were struck in 1889; many were melted down to coin more five-cent pieces. The issue is not widely collected, and prices for rare dates remain low by the standards of American collectible coinage. 4046: 856:

is known, 1887/6. The die that struck those coins was originally dated 1886, when no circulation strikes were made. So the die would not be wasted, the Mint altered the last digit from a 6 to a 7; evidence of both numbers is visible. Some 1865 pieces in proof condition display a wreath on the reverse

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Congress took no action on a redemption bill, and in 1868 Linderman wrote again in his annual report, urging that the public be allowed to redeem small-denomination coins, as commerce was flooded with them. He disclosed that he had been redeeming the old copper-nickel cents with three-cent pieces and

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The three-cent nickel piece was very popular when it entered circulation in mid-1865. More convenient than the larger two-cent bronze piece, it largely replaced that coin, starting the two-cent on its way to decreased popularity and abolition in 1873. The hard alloy, though, caused high levels of die

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The bill passed the House of Representatives on the evening of March 3, 1865. At the time, it was usual to extend the final day of the congressional session in odd-numbered years to noon on March 4, and this occurred. The Senate took up the bill late on the morning of March 4. Action was repeatedly

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did not circulate in the Pacific Coast region or South due to prejudice against coins that did not contain precious metal, and some means of allowing the purchase of a postage stamp without the use of copper cents was necessary. Dickinson's bill passed on March 3, 1851, and in addition to authorizing

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The introduction of the five-cent copper-nickel piece greatly decreased the popularity and use of the three-cent piece. The three-cent piece had debuted in 1865 with a mintage of over eleven million and nearly five million in 1866; thereafter strikings declined, falling to under a million by 1871, a

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to sixty cents. The 1864 act had made the cent legal tender to ten cents, and the two-cent piece to twenty; both limits were reduced to four cents. The bill did not abolish the three-cent silver piece, which was still being struck in small quantities. The new copper-nickel coins would be issued in

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Nickel, formerly used in the cent, now had no place in American coinage. This was unsatisfactory to Wharton, who sought its return. Although Pollock made no mention of further nickel coinage in his 1864 annual report, Wharton in April of that year published a pamphlet proposing that all non-precious

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Numismatist Bruce C. Goldstein indicated that several factors combined to keep the nickel three-cent piece in decline after the passage of the 1873 act. Less and less fractional currency was being redeemed, as almost a decade had passed since the issuance of three-cent notes. Rich silver strikes in

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According to Lange, "resourceful as always, J.B. Longacre simply revised an existing image of Liberty for the obverse of the nickel three-cent piece. The same classical profile that appears on the Indian Head cent, the gold dollar, and the $ 3 piece is seen fitted with a new hairstyle and a studded

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With cents from the Philadelphia Mint selling at a premium, many private token issues were issued in 1863, and passed as cents in commerce. Mint officials took notice that the tokens, often made of bronze rather than the copper-nickel alloy then being used in the cent, were not hoarded and began to

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noted in his annual reports that cents were almost unobtainable, hoarded despite the fact that their metallic value remained less than one cent each. Numismatist Neil Carothers theorized that they were put aside by the public as the only circulating federal coinage, made of metal at a time when the

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five-cent piece would be redeemed by the government if presented in $ 100 lots pursuant to a provision in the authorizing legislation. There was no such provision for the three-cent nickel piece; neither was there any for the other base metal coins. Following Pollock's resignation in 1866 over his

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Congress had by the Act of March 3, 1863 authorized fractional currency in the denomination of 3 cents; when these notes reached circulation the following year they proved wildly unpopular. The 1864 law which had substituted bronze for copper-nickel had also outlawed "copperheads" or private token

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began, and when efforts to finance the war via borrowing failed, the Treasury stopped paying out gold in December 1861. The United States shifted to a paper money-based economy with little disruption. By June 1862, the price of silver had risen to the point where coins of that metal vanished from

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But the government that sold these tokens at par for their face value, or paid them as money to its creditors, now turns round and refuses to receive them back in payment from its own officers ... Was there ever an act of the government of a respectable people that, for meanness, can compare

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on April 28, 1870, it included Linderman's proposal for the use of copper-nickel in the minor coins. The debate over the bill stretched over the next three years. The use of nickel was a sticking point for the legislation; some congressmen alleged that the whole point of the bill was to benefit

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condition; common dates list for $ 15 to $ 20 in that condition. The highest value listed is for the 1877, struck only in proof with a mintage of 900, at $ 2,000. David F. Fanning, in his 2001 article on the three-cent pieces, suggested that rarer specimens of the nickel three-cent piece are

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at noon were being soaked by rain outside the Capitol, causing some debate as to whether they should be admitted early. Once female guests were admitted (males were left outside), the Senate passed the three-cent nickel bill without debate, and it was shortly thereafter signed by President

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said of the sudden passage of the legislation "We can only guess what happened behind the scenes". Carothers wrote that Kasson had opposed nickel coinage, but nevertheless introduced the bill for it during the rush of the final day of the congressional session, "There was no report and no

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sent a joint memorial to Congress urging its return. The following year, a subcommittee of the House Committee on Coinage, Weights and Measures held a hearing on bills to authorize a copper-nickel three-cent piece and to change the composition of the cent to copper-nickel. Mint Director

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rates were lowered from three to two cents for the first 0.5 ounces (14 g). Although the rate for pieces weighing up to 1 ounce (28 g) initially remained at three cents, the two-cent rate was extended to one ounce effective July 1, 1885. Deprived of the original reason for the

443:, finally winning him over to the position that even 25% nickel coins (which would be hard on the Mint's equipment) would be better than the continued use of shinplasters, and presenting him with a draft of a bill for a three-cent piece of that alloy. The bill made the new coin 865:. Many of the three-cent nickel pieces were not fully struck, and are missing details of the design; this is because the head of Liberty is directly opposite the III, and the Mint had trouble getting the hard metal alloy to adequately flow to the high points of both sides. 775:, by the Act of September 26, 1890. Many of the coins from 1888 and 1889 were still held at the Treasury Department and were melted after passage of the act, the fate of millions more as they flowed back from banks. The resultant metal contributed to large mintages of the 552:

The Wharton nickel interests were not satisfied by the issuance of the three-cent piece, and soon began to agitate for the passage of a five-cent coin, to be made of the same alloy as the three-cent piece. The Act of May 16, 1866 introduced the five-cent nickel piece, or

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coin, such a piece would be as big as an obsolete large cent, and might be used to deceive the blind into accepting the pre-1857 cent rather than the more valuable coin. Pollock, previously an opponent of nickel coinage, had a change of heart and became a supporter.

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with this? An individual that practiced such a confidence game would be branded as a two-penny thief, and would soon be consigned to a house of correction. A government that practices such frauds upon the people cannot hope long to receive the respect of anybody.

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testified and indicated he had no objection to a three-cent piece, as there was at least limited demand for a coin larger than the cent and smaller than the nickel. In 1936, a bill for a three-cent nickel was among various coin legislation considered by the

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Since fractional currency in three-cent denominations did not appear until late 1864, the cent was the only means then circulating of making change from the five-cent note, and came, in 1862 and 1863, to command a premium when sold in lots, of about 4%. The

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figure the coin would thereafter exceed only twice. The public had preferred small bronze coins to paper money, then the three-cent nickel piece rather than the bronze; they now preferred the five-cent nickel to the three. One reason for this was that the

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Wharton. Between 1870 and 1872, different versions of the bill, with a larger three-cent piece, twice passed the House and once the Senate, but differences between the houses could not be reconciled. After the second House passage, in May 1872, the

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A "nickel" or "nick", was slang that originally referred to the copper-nickel cent piece struck from 1857 to 1864, then briefly to the three-cent nickel piece. It has long been the popular term for the copper-nickel five-cent piece first struck in

243:, and even the copper-nickel cent commanding a premium, Congress issued paper money in denominations as small as three cents to replace the hoarded coins in commerce. These small slips of paper became ragged and dirty, and the public came to hate " 766:

Beginning in 1880, in their annual reports, the Mint Director and Treasury Secretary appealed to Congress to discontinue the three-cent piece. The last three-cent pieces were struck in 1889, and the denomination was discontinued, along with the

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machines. The nickel proved popular in slot machines and street railways, which often set fares at five cents. With silver again circulating, the three-cent piece became more unpopular because it was almost the same diameter as the

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met, both houses passed a version that left the cent, three-cent nickel piece, and nickel unaltered, and it was signed by President Grant on February 12, 1873. The act eliminated the two-cent piece, silver three-cent piece, silver

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ore. On the last legislative day of the congressional session, March 3, 1865, a bill for a three-cent piece in copper-nickel alloy was introduced in Congress, passed both houses without debate, and was signed by President

557:", as it has come to be known. According to David Lange in his history of the Mint, the five-cent piece has "become one of the mainstays of the country's coinage". The new five-cent coin was legal tender up to a dollar. 431:, "This was the moment Wharton's supporters had been waiting for." Wharton and his advocates argued that the three-cent notes should be redeemed with equivalent coins. They contended that were Congress to order a 317:, lowered rates for most domestic mails. By 1854, the imbalance had abated, and Congress increased the silver content of the three-cent piece to the standard 90% for silver coins, though its weight was reduced. 594:

nickels. Carothers pointed out that exchanging the copper-nickel pieces for cents violated the 1865 and 1866 acts, that stated the three-cent piece and nickel could not be purchased with cents, but only for

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The three-cent nickel piece initially circulated well, but became less popular when the five-cent nickel was introduced in 1866, a larger, more convenient coin, with a value of five cents better fitting the

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As the signing was before noon, when the congressional session (and the extended legislative day that had begun over 24 hours before) ended, the law is referred to as the Act of March 3, 1865. See

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in February 1868. It passed the House in amended form, but was not voted on in the Senate. Kelley tried again in the following term of Congress, and the bill met the same fate as its predecessor.

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circulated in trade without being hoarded. The bronze alloy was easier to strike than the copper-nickel one, allowing details to be brought forth sharply and extending the life of coinage dies.

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of that metal, both of which circulated freely, there were proposals for a three-cent piece in copper-nickel to replace the three-cent note. The advocates were led by Pennsylvania industrialist

3278: 308:, who wanted to lower postage rates from five to three cents. This percentage of silver was less than the normal 90% so that the coins would circulate at a time of hoarding. The copper 439:

There are several slightly varying accounts of why the bill for the three-cent nickel passed. Breen told of the pressure advocates for nickel put on House Coinage Committee chairman

334: 812:, which proclaimed all coin and currency of the United States good to any amount for payment of public and private debt. By then, that coin had long since passed from the scene. 4187: 2903: 4182: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 2542: 1925: 535:" on all pieces large enough to bear it, but the new coin was deemed too small. No change was made to the design of the three-cent piece in nickel during its lifetime. 2893: 300:

and other finds caused the price of silver relative to gold to increase starting in 1848, and silver coins were hoarded or exported for melting. In 1851, a bill for a

3271: 390:, one of the most influential men in the House, fought it bitterly, admitting, however, that he objected to it because it adversely affected Wharton's interests. 527:

reverse. Breen suggested that the similarity of design to other Longacre coins has contributed to the low level of collector interest in the three-cent nickel.

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tried to keep up with demand, limiting public purchases of cents to five dollars, and sending shipments to major cities. Despite these attempts, Mint Director

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were being considered by Congress. This was a major piece of legislation that reformed the laws relating to the Mint. As introduced by Ohio Senator

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breakage. Between 1865 and 1876, some 17 million three-cent pieces were used by the government to redeem the three-cent fractional currency notes.

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consider issuing bronze coins. When Pollock proposed legislation for bronze one-, two-, and three-cent pieces, it was opposed by industrialist

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explanation ... The influences that brought about the passage of the measure in this fashion were never revealed." Numismatic historian

341:—paper notes in denominations as small as three cents. The low-value paper currency, whether issued by government or business, were called 4314: 386:

Congress declined to compromise with the nickel interests ... In the House, its opponents managed to delay its passage for a month.

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formally complained to Pollock that on the new year's coins, the digit "3" too closely resembled an "8". Pollock ordered Chief Engraver

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suggested that by March 3, 1865, "the wide circulation of the bronze cent and two-cent piece had made a three-cent coin superfluous."

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by the public, which disliked them. On the Pacific Coast, where paper money was not favored, silver and gold continued to circulate.

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coronet inscribed Liberty." The act that authorized the three-cent nickel contained a provision requiring the use of the motto "

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did not, and a bill allowing for redemption of base-metal coins in lots of at least $ 20 was signed into law by President

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Although more than a million were minted in 1881, another blow to the three-cent piece occurred on October 1, 1883, when

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was sworn in for a second term as president only minutes after signing the bill authorizing the three-cent nickel.

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from 1865 to 1889. It was initially popular, but its place in commerce was supplanted by the five-cent piece, or

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passed into law on April 22 of that year. After entering circulation several months later, the bronze cent and

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Pollock returned to office as Mint Director in 1869. Although Pollock opposed redemption, Treasury Secretary

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relatively inexpensive compared with coins of similar mintage in more popular series, such as the

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The design of the three-cent nickel piece remained stable throughout its run, and there are few

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Fractional Money: A History of Small Coins and Fractional Paper Currency of the United States

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or specie. Linderman strongly advocated a redemption law to relieve the glut of small coins:

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that comes much closer to touching the rim than on later issues. These were most likely

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III as rendered on the silver three-cent piece with the laurel wreath used on the 1859

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Fanning, David F. (January 2001). "Silver and Nickel 3-Cent Pieces: An Overview".

378:, owner of the major source of nickel in the United States at the time, a mine at 4330: 4242: 4102: 3791: 3332: 2765: 2242: 2161: 1792: 1768: 1655: 1617: 1575: 795: 791: 611: 587: 532: 516: 487: 481: 472: 459: 261: 1719:(reprint of 1966 ed.). New York: Sanford J. Durst Numismatic Publications. 618:) strongly objected to the government's refusal to redeem the three-cent nickel. 3614: 2660: 2499: 2423: 2403: 2322: 783: 579: 375: 370:

public was forced to accept flimsy pieces of paper instead of silver and gold.

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With precious metal federal coinage hoarded during the economic turmoil of the

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in 75% silver and 25% copper was introduced in Congress by New York Senator

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but they are accepted as issued because the Mint placed them in some 1865

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One proposal to revive the three-cent piece was made in 1911, when Mayors

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Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins

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on March 3, 1871. By then, early versions of what became the

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reporting progress on an appropriations bill, then by Iowa's

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House Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures (1912).

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struck the provisions for copper-nickel coinage. After a

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Greenbaum, Gary M. (November 2015). "A Share of Glory".

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had, since 1849, designed coins with various visages of

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made of 88% copper and 12% nickel in 1857. In 1861, the

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Goldstein, Bruce C. (June 6, 2011). "The Power of 3s".

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for the three-cent nickel. The design was used on the

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On January 18, 1873, Philadelphia Mint Chief Coiner

515:, he had seen in a Philadelphia museum on loan from 2809:(1921–1935; 2021–present; patterns struck in 1964) 1454: 1452: 1143: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1095: 1085: 1083: 1032: 1020: 984: 934: 932: 930: 928: 926: 924: 922: 920: 918: 916: 1880: 1808:. Iola, Wisc.: Krause Publications. Archived from 1744:(71st ed.). Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing. 452:was instructed to print no more three-cent notes. 1706:Senate Committee on Banking and Currency (1936). 1689:History of the United States Mint and its Coinage 1619:Laws of the United States Relating to the Coinage 1526: 1215: 960: 356:was issued pursuant to the Act of April 22, 1864. 4602: 3644: 3317:Canceled denominations of United States currency 1553: 1449: 1386: 1227: 1203: 1167: 1114: 1080: 1056: 1044: 913: 1785:. Sidney, OH: Amos Press, Inc.: 4–5, 14–15, 18. 1580:A Guide Book of Shield and Liberty Head Nickels 1191: 972: 948: 1615: 1380: 1356: 1296: 1266: 4047: 3630: 3272: 1919: 255:, who then controlled the domestic supply of 1705: 1678:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1497: 678: 16:US copper-nickel three-cent coin (1865–1889) 3288:Obsolete United States currency and coinage 1653: 1485: 4054: 4040: 3967:America the Beautiful silver bullion coins 3637: 3623: 3279: 3265: 2559:Washington (crossing the Delaware reverse) 2124:(1856–1858, patterns struck in 1854–1855) 1926: 1912: 3384: 747:, leading to confusion and small frauds. 448:exchange for three-cent shinplasters—the 220:, was designed by US Mint Chief Engraver 2722:Continental Currency (Fugio or Franklin) 1935:Circulating coinage of the United States 1875: 1708:Bills on Issuance of Commemorative Coins 819: 749: 606: 559: 543: 454: 413: 347: 279: 4115:Maryland Tobacco Inspection Act of 1747 868: 686:Varieties of the 1873 three-cent nickel 4603: 3973:American Liberty high relief gold coin 3247:) Planned but production not commenced 3238:Currently produced for collectors only 2543:Washington (D.C. and U.S. Territories) 1806:"Chile asks Longacre for dies in 1866" 622:In 1866, Treasury Department official 4616:Three-cent coins of the United States 4035: 3618: 3260: 2175:(1864–1873, patterns struck in 1863) 2134:(1859–1909, patterns struck in 1858) 1907: 1789: 1780: 1634: 1473: 1443: 1428: 1404: 1368: 1332: 1320: 1308: 1284: 1260: 1245: 1161: 1149: 1137: 1108: 1074: 1038: 1014: 1002: 966: 887: 4083:Monetary policy of the United States 4067:central banking in the United States 3120:(1850–1907, pattern struck in 1849) 1509: 184:Wreath surrounding Roman numeral III 4365:New York Clearing House Association 3312:History of the United States dollar 1765: 1740:A Guide Book of United States Coins 1691:. Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing. 1582:. Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing. 1535: 1221: 834:A Guide Book of United States Coins 467:interrupted, first by Ohio Senator 13: 4177:Article I of the U.S. Constitution 2551:Washington (America the Beautiful) 1825: 1804: 1733: 1574: 1272: 1125: 1062: 942: 14: 4632: 1714: 1686: 1596: 1559: 1547: 1458: 1416: 1392: 1344: 1233: 1209: 1197: 1185: 1173: 1089: 1050: 1026: 990: 978: 954: 828:According to the 2018 edition of 4271:Second Bank of the United States 3480:one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill 3166:Two and a half cent piece (2.5¢) 2799:(1878–1904; 1921; 2021–present) 1860: 1846: 1832: 704: 692: 475:stating that ticket holders for 226:United States Bureau of the Mint 167: 117: 4429:Compound interest treasury note 4214:First Bank of the United States 3508:Compound interest treasury note 3455:Large denominations of currency 2578:Washington (Semiquincentennial) 1798:American Numismatic Association 1774:American Numismatic Association 1503: 893: 880: 754:1881 pattern by Chief Engraver 320:The large cent was replaced by 4153:Continental currency banknotes 3593:Black Eagle Silver Certificate 405: 329:circulation, many exported to 210:copper-nickel three-cent piece 1: 4521:Specie Payment Resumption Act 4266:Banking in the Jacksonian Era 2114:(1850–1851, 1853, 1884–1885) 1657:Coinage of a Three-Cent Piece 815: 538: 288:was issued beginning in 1851. 275: 4583:National Monetary Commission 3646:Coinage of the United States 3563:Treasury Note (19th century) 586:, the new Mint Director was 7: 4621:Goddess of Liberty on coins 4559:Sherman Silver Purchase Act 4291:New York Safety Fund System 4165:U.S. Finance Superintendent 4141:Second Continental Congress 3491:Discontinued currency types 2568:Washington (American Women) 1616:Bureau of the Mint (1904). 10: 4637: 3573:United States postal notes 3443:Discontinued denominations 2519:Washington (eagle reverse) 1516:Cleveland State Law Review 4467:2nd Industrial Revolution 4465: 4457:Public Credit Act of 1869 4343:Independent U.S. Treasury 4313: 4131:1st Industrial Revolution 4129: 4091: 4078: 3982: 3921: 3843: 3782: 3695: 3652: 3585: 3518:Federal Reserve Bank Note 3490: 3470:five-thousand-dollar bill 3442: 3435: 3325: 3294: 3235:) Currently in production 3217: 3152: 3105: 3062: 2999: 2978: 2915: 2882: 2873: 2826:Eisenhower (bicentennial) 2710: 2599: 2588:Washington (youth sports) 2527:Washington (bicentennial) 2458: 2435: 2344: 2226: 2183: 2152: 2004: 1941: 1883:Numismatic Art in America 1717:The U.S. Mint and Coinage 679:Decline and end (1873–90) 673:revival of silver coinage 498: 477:the inaugural festivities 198: 188: 180: 161: 156: 148: 138: 130: 111: 106: 94: 86: 69: 61: 53: 45: 33: 26: 4382:Legal Tender Act of 1862 4195:U.S. Treasury Department 3475:ten-thousand-dollar bill 3465:one-thousand-dollar bill 3460:five-hundred-dollar bill 1796:. Colorado Springs, CO: 1772:. Colorado Springs, CO: 1687:Lange, David W. (2006). 1635:Carothers, Neil (1930). 824:1887/6 three-cent nickel 806:Senate Banking Committee 656:Senate Finance Committee 626:was sent to examine the 4497:National Gold Bank Note 4452:Contraction Act of 1866 4201:U.S. Treasury Secretary 3543:National Gold Bank Note 3498:Early American currency 2266:(1796–1797, 1800–1805) 1742:(The Official Red Book) 1601:. New York: Doubleday. 1510:Ganz, David L. (1977). 779:between 1890 and 1893. 584:Reconstruction policies 337:, and federally issued 241:silver three-cent piece 214:three-cent nickel piece 22:Three-cent nickel piece 4208:U.S. Treasury security 4109:Tobacco Inspection Act 3176:Two dollar piece ($ 2) 2917:Quarter eagle ($ 2.50) 2700:Kennedy (bicentennial) 1597:Breen, Walter (1988). 825: 763: 669:standard silver dollar 619: 605: 569: 463: 423: 392: 357: 335:encased postage stamps 289: 4552:Juilliard v. Greenman 4545:Refunding Certificate 4411:National banks system 4405:Interest bearing note 4284:McCulloch v. Maryland 4171:Bank of North America 4147:U.S. dollar banknotes 4093:Commercial Revolution 3558:Treasury or Coin Note 3548:Refunding Certificate 3533:Interest bearing note 3528:Hawaii overprint note 3302:United States coinage 2535:Washington (50 State) 2323:Buffalo (Indian Head) 2215:Nickel (Liberty Head) 2205:Bronze (Coronet Head) 823: 753: 610: 600: 563: 544:Early years (1865–73) 458: 417: 384: 351: 283: 193:James Barton Longacre 143:James Barton Longacre 4577:Aldrich–Vreeland Act 4492:Currency Act of 1870 4159:Bank of Pennsylvania 4016:(1976, 1992–present) 3503:Continental currency 3307:United States dollar 1868:United States portal 869:Notes and references 660:conference committee 503:Mint Chief Engraver 298:California Gold Rush 292:The great influx of 98:None, all struck at 4589:Federal Reserve Act 4511:Coinage Act of 1873 4485:Hepburn v. Griswold 4435:Coinage Act of 1864 4393:Fractional currency 4371:Coinage Act of 1857 4360:Coinage Act of 1853 4349:Coinage Act of 1849 4303:Coinage Act of 1834 4220:Coinage Act of 1792 3955:First Spouse (gold) 3450:Fractional currency 3107:Double eagle ($ 20) 2979:Three dollars ($ 3) 2862:American Innovation 1877:Vermeule, Cornelius 1715:Taxay, Don (1983). 1550:, p. 243, 245. 1419:, pp. 240–243. 1371:, pp. 231–233. 1347:, pp. 253–254. 1335:, pp. 209–211. 1311:, pp. 208–209. 1287:, pp. 207–208. 1263:, pp. 205–208. 1188:, pp. 242–243. 1164:, pp. 301–302. 1029:, pp. 240–242. 1017:, pp. 186–192. 1005:, pp. 151–185. 993:, pp. 215–216. 810:Coinage Act of 1965 777:Liberty Head nickel 760:Liberty Head nickel 647:Coinage Act of 1873 511:, based on a bust, 509:the goddess Liberty 420:fractional currency 396:Coinage Act of 1864 339:fractional currency 306:Daniel S. Dickinson 23: 4611:1865 introductions 4539:Silver certificate 4478:Legal Tender Cases 4417:National Bank Note 4399:National Bank Acts 4387:United States Note 4225:United States Mint 3568:United States Note 3553:Silver certificate 3538:National Bank Note 3404:Three-dollar piece 2855:(2007–2016; 2020) 2837:(1979–1981; 1999) 2437:Twenty cents (20¢) 2286:(1866; 1909–1910) 2104:(1839–1857, 1868) 1854:Numismatics portal 1381:Bureau of the Mint 1357:Bureau of the Mint 1297:Bureau of the Mint 826: 773:three-dollar piece 764: 639:George S. Boutwell 628:San Francisco Mint 620: 614:(seen on the 1879 570: 464: 424: 418:A worn three-cent 358: 290: 237:American Civil War 224:and struck by the 21: 4598: 4597: 4571:Gold Standard Act 4533:Bland–Allison Act 4527:Twenty-cent piece 4446:Three-cent nickel 4354:Three-cent silver 4231:U.S. dollar coins 4029: 4028: 3957:(2007–2016; 2020) 3612: 3611: 3581: 3580: 3431: 3430: 3424:(1850–1933; 2009) 3375:Twenty-cent piece 3363:Three-cent silver 3357:Three-cent nickel 3254: 3253: 3196:Half union ($ 50) 3148: 3147: 2884:Gold dollar ($ 1) 2732:Nova Constellatio 2611:Nova Constellatio 2601:Half dollar (50¢) 2355:Nova Constellatio 1953:Nova Constellatio 1894:978-0-674-62840-3 1751:978-0-7948-4506-3 1726:978-0-915262-68-7 1698:978-0-7948-1972-9 1608:978-0-385-14207-6 1589:978-0-7948-1921-7 1431:, pp. 5, 18. 1299:, pp. 47–50. 801:George E. Roberts 756:Charles E. Barber 720:A. Loudon Snowden 632:William D. Kelley 580:President Johnson 505:James B. Longacre 433:three-cent bronze 380:Gap, Pennsylvania 363:Philadelphia Mint 322:a smaller version 315:three-cent silver 222:James B. Longacre 218:three-cent nickel 212:, often called a 206: 205: 102:without mint mark 100:Philadelphia Mint 4628: 4423:Gold certificate 4056: 4049: 4042: 4033: 4032: 4014:Silver Proof Set 4002:Special Mint Set 3809: 3808: 3804: 3801: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3639: 3632: 3625: 3616: 3615: 3598:Brasher Doubloon 3523:Gold certificate 3440: 3439: 3382: 3381: 3281: 3274: 3267: 3258: 3257: 3244:bold and italics 3210: 3200: 3190: 3180: 3170: 3141: 3131: 3127:Quintuple Stella 3121: 3098: 3088: 3078: 3055: 3045: 3035: 3025: 3015: 3001:Half eagle ($ 5) 2992: 2971: 2961: 2951: 2941: 2931: 2908: 2898: 2880: 2879: 2866: 2856: 2848: 2838: 2835:Susan B. Anthony 2830: 2820: 2810: 2800: 2790: 2780: 2770: 2760: 2746: 2736: 2726: 2703: 2695: 2685: 2675: 2665: 2655: 2645: 2635: 2625: 2615: 2592: 2582: 2572: 2562: 2554: 2546: 2538: 2530: 2522: 2514: 2510:Standing Liberty 2504: 2494: 2484: 2474: 2451: 2428: 2418: 2408: 2398: 2388: 2378: 2368: 2337: 2327: 2317: 2307: 2297: 2287: 2277: 2267: 2257: 2247: 2219: 2209: 2199: 2185:Three cents (3¢) 2176: 2166: 2145: 2135: 2125: 2115: 2105: 2095: 2085: 2075: 2065: 2055: 2045: 2035: 2025: 2021:Fugio (Franklin) 1997: 1987: 1977: 1967: 1957: 1928: 1921: 1914: 1905: 1904: 1898: 1886: 1870: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1842: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1812:on March 8, 2014 1801: 1786: 1777: 1755: 1730: 1711: 1702: 1683: 1677: 1669: 1650: 1631: 1612: 1593: 1576:Bowers, Q. David 1563: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1524: 1523: 1507: 1501: 1498:Senate Committee 1495: 1489: 1488:, pp. 3–17. 1483: 1477: 1471: 1462: 1456: 1447: 1441: 1432: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1408: 1402: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1372: 1366: 1360: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1324: 1318: 1312: 1306: 1300: 1294: 1288: 1282: 1276: 1270: 1264: 1258: 1249: 1243: 1237: 1231: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1171: 1165: 1159: 1153: 1147: 1141: 1135: 1129: 1123: 1112: 1106: 1093: 1087: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1060: 1054: 1048: 1042: 1036: 1030: 1024: 1018: 1012: 1006: 1000: 994: 988: 982: 976: 970: 964: 958: 952: 946: 940: 901: 897: 891: 884: 735:first-class mail 708: 696: 643:Ulysses S. Grant 525:Indian Head cent 441:John Adam Kasson 388:Thaddeus Stevens 302:three-cent piece 286:three-cent piece 239:, including the 171: 121: 87:Years of minting 24: 20: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4601: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4469: 4461: 4337:Forstall System 4331:Wildcat banking 4317: 4309: 4243:1792 half disme 4133: 4125: 4103:Bills of credit 4095: 4087: 4074: 4063:Monetary policy 4060: 4030: 4025: 3978: 3961:Palladium Eagle 3917: 3839: 3806: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3778: 3719:1¢ (large size) 3710: 3706: 3705: 3691: 3648: 3643: 3613: 3608: 3577: 3486: 3427: 3380: 3321: 3290: 3285: 3255: 3250: 3213: 3203: 3193: 3183: 3173: 3163: 3155: 3144: 3134: 3124: 3114: 3101: 3091: 3081: 3071: 3058: 3048: 3038: 3028: 3018: 3008: 2995: 2988:Indian Princess 2985: 2974: 2964: 2954: 2944: 2934: 2924: 2911: 2904:Indian Princess 2901: 2891: 2869: 2859: 2851: 2847:(2000–present) 2841: 2833: 2823: 2813: 2803: 2793: 2783: 2773: 2763: 2749: 2739: 2729: 2719: 2706: 2698: 2694:(1964–present) 2688: 2678: 2671:Walking Liberty 2668: 2658: 2648: 2638: 2628: 2618: 2608: 2595: 2585: 2575: 2565: 2557: 2549: 2541: 2533: 2525: 2517: 2507: 2497: 2487: 2477: 2467: 2454: 2444: 2431: 2427:(1946–present) 2421: 2411: 2401: 2391: 2381: 2371: 2361: 2340: 2336:(1938–present) 2330: 2320: 2310: 2300: 2290: 2280: 2270: 2260: 2250: 2240: 2231: 2222: 2212: 2202: 2192: 2179: 2169: 2159: 2148: 2144:(1909–present) 2138: 2128: 2118: 2108: 2098: 2088: 2078: 2068: 2058: 2048: 2038: 2028: 2018: 2009: 2000: 1990: 1980: 1970: 1960: 1950: 1937: 1932: 1895: 1866: 1861: 1859: 1852: 1847: 1845: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826:Further reading 1815: 1813: 1793:The Numismatist 1776:: 36–38, 97–98. 1769:The Numismatist 1752: 1727: 1699: 1671: 1670: 1647: 1609: 1590: 1566: 1558: 1554: 1546: 1542: 1534: 1527: 1508: 1504: 1496: 1492: 1486:House Committee 1484: 1480: 1472: 1465: 1457: 1450: 1442: 1435: 1427: 1423: 1415: 1411: 1403: 1399: 1391: 1387: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1363: 1355: 1351: 1343: 1339: 1331: 1327: 1319: 1315: 1307: 1303: 1295: 1291: 1283: 1279: 1271: 1267: 1259: 1252: 1244: 1240: 1232: 1228: 1220: 1216: 1208: 1204: 1196: 1192: 1184: 1180: 1172: 1168: 1160: 1156: 1148: 1144: 1136: 1132: 1124: 1115: 1107: 1096: 1088: 1081: 1073: 1069: 1061: 1057: 1049: 1045: 1037: 1033: 1025: 1021: 1013: 1009: 1001: 997: 989: 985: 977: 973: 965: 961: 953: 949: 941: 914: 905: 904: 898: 894: 885: 881: 871: 818: 792:Newton D. Baker 716: 715: 714: 713: 712: 709: 701: 700: 697: 688: 687: 681: 612:Henry Linderman 588:Henry Linderman 546: 541: 533:In God We Trust 513:Venus Accroupie 501: 488:Q. David Bowers 482:Abraham Lincoln 460:Abraham Lincoln 450:Currency Bureau 408: 278: 262:Abraham Lincoln 176: 175: 174: 173: 172: 134:Head of Liberty 126: 125: 124: 123: 122: 82: 29: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4634: 4624: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4500: 4494: 4489: 4481: 4473: 4471: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4443: 4440:Two-cent piece 4437: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4419:(1863–c. 1930) 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4379: 4373: 4368: 4362: 4357: 4351: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4321: 4319: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4306: 4305: 4300: 4294: 4288: 4280: 4274: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4217: 4211: 4210:(1789–present) 4205: 4204: 4203: 4192: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4174: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4137: 4135: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4117: 4112: 4106: 4105:(c. 1690–1750) 4099: 4097: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4059: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4036: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3998:(1947–present) 3993: 3992:(1936–present) 3986: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3975:(2015–present) 3970: 3964: 3963:(2017–present) 3958: 3952: 3951:(2006–present) 3946: 3945:(1997–present) 3943:Platinum Eagle 3940: 3939:(1986–present) 3934: 3933:(1986–present) 3927: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3849: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3794: 3788: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3701: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3658: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3642: 3641: 3634: 3627: 3619: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3494: 3492: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3484: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3452: 3446: 3444: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3388: 3386: 3379: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3351:Two-cent piece 3348: 3342: 3336: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3283: 3276: 3269: 3261: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3239: 3236: 3229: 3226: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3211: 3201: 3191: 3181: 3171: 3160: 3158: 3154:Other canceled 3150: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3132: 3122: 3111: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3099: 3089: 3079: 3068: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3056: 3046: 3036: 3026: 3016: 3005: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2993: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2972: 2962: 2952: 2942: 2932: 2921: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2909: 2899: 2888: 2886: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2857: 2849: 2839: 2831: 2821: 2811: 2801: 2791: 2781: 2776:Seated Liberty 2771: 2761: 2747: 2737: 2727: 2716: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2704: 2696: 2686: 2676: 2666: 2656: 2651:Seated Liberty 2646: 2636: 2626: 2616: 2605: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2583: 2573: 2563: 2555: 2547: 2539: 2531: 2523: 2515: 2505: 2495: 2490:Seated Liberty 2485: 2475: 2464: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2452: 2447:Seated Liberty 2441: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2429: 2419: 2409: 2399: 2394:Seated Liberty 2389: 2379: 2369: 2359: 2350: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2338: 2328: 2318: 2308: 2298: 2293:Seated Liberty 2288: 2278: 2268: 2258: 2248: 2237: 2235: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2220: 2210: 2200: 2189: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2177: 2167: 2156: 2154: 2153:Two cents (2¢) 2150: 2149: 2147: 2146: 2136: 2126: 2116: 2106: 2096: 2086: 2076: 2066: 2056: 2046: 2036: 2026: 2015: 2013: 2002: 2001: 1999: 1998: 1988: 1978: 1968: 1958: 1947: 1945: 1943:Half cent (5₥) 1939: 1938: 1931: 1930: 1923: 1916: 1908: 1900: 1899: 1893: 1872: 1871: 1857: 1843: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1802: 1787: 1778: 1757: 1756: 1750: 1731: 1725: 1712: 1703: 1697: 1684: 1651: 1645: 1632: 1613: 1607: 1594: 1588: 1565: 1564: 1562:, p. 245. 1552: 1540: 1525: 1502: 1490: 1478: 1476:, p. 299. 1463: 1461:, p. 243. 1448: 1446:, p. 273. 1433: 1421: 1409: 1407:, p. 236. 1397: 1395:, p. 295. 1385: 1373: 1361: 1349: 1337: 1325: 1323:, p. 209. 1313: 1301: 1289: 1277: 1265: 1250: 1248:, p. 208. 1238: 1236:, p. 100. 1226: 1214: 1212:, p. 353. 1202: 1190: 1178: 1176:, p. 244. 1166: 1154: 1142: 1140:, p. 302. 1130: 1113: 1094: 1092:, p. 242. 1079: 1077:, p. 201. 1067: 1055: 1053:, p. 243. 1043: 1041:, p. 198. 1031: 1019: 1007: 995: 983: 981:, p. 272. 971: 959: 957:, p. 271. 947: 945:, p. 131. 911: 903: 902: 892: 878: 877: 870: 867: 817: 814: 784:Brand Whitlock 724:William Barber 710: 703: 702: 698: 691: 690: 689: 685: 684: 683: 682: 680: 677: 578:objections to 545: 542: 540: 537: 500: 497: 407: 404: 400:two-cent piece 376:Joseph Wharton 354:two-cent piece 277: 274: 270:decimal system 253:Joseph Wharton 249:two-cent piece 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 190: 186: 185: 182: 178: 177: 166: 165: 164: 163: 162: 159: 158: 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 140: 136: 135: 132: 128: 127: 116: 115: 114: 113: 112: 109: 108: 104: 103: 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 81: 80: 77: 73: 71: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 47: 43: 42: 37:3 cents (0.03 35: 31: 30: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4633: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4565:Treasury Note 4563: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4315:Civil War Era 4312: 4304: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4260:Treasury Note 4258: 4255: 4252: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4197: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4121: 4120:Currency Acts 4118: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4077: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4052: 4050: 4045: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4034: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3845:Commemorative 3842: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3640: 3635: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3489: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3398:Quarter eagle 3396: 3393: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3282: 3277: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3246: 3245: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3209:(not minted) 3208: 3207: 3206:Union ($ 100) 3202: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3179:(not minted) 3178: 3177: 3172: 3169:(not minted) 3168: 3167: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3156:denominations 3151: 3139: 3138: 3137:Saint-Gaudens 3133: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3095: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2949: 2948: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2460:Quarter (25¢) 2457: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2174: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2163: 2158: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2032: 2031:Silver center 2027: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1858: 1855: 1844: 1841: 1830: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1760:Other sources 1753: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1675: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1652: 1648: 1646:0-943161-12-6 1642: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1614: 1610: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1561: 1556: 1549: 1544: 1538:, p. 98. 1537: 1532: 1530: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1506: 1499: 1494: 1487: 1482: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1445: 1440: 1438: 1430: 1425: 1418: 1413: 1406: 1401: 1394: 1389: 1383:, p. 55. 1382: 1377: 1370: 1365: 1359:, p. 50. 1358: 1353: 1346: 1341: 1334: 1329: 1322: 1317: 1310: 1305: 1298: 1293: 1286: 1281: 1274: 1269: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1247: 1242: 1235: 1230: 1224:, p. 97. 1223: 1218: 1211: 1206: 1200:, p. 99. 1199: 1194: 1187: 1182: 1175: 1170: 1163: 1158: 1152:, p. 25. 1151: 1146: 1139: 1134: 1128:, p. 14. 1127: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1111:, p. 18. 1110: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1076: 1071: 1065:, p. 13. 1064: 1059: 1052: 1047: 1040: 1035: 1028: 1023: 1016: 1011: 1004: 999: 992: 987: 980: 975: 968: 963: 956: 951: 944: 939: 937: 935: 933: 931: 929: 927: 925: 923: 921: 919: 917: 912: 910: 909: 896: 890:, p. 25. 889: 883: 879: 876: 875: 866: 864: 860: 859:pattern coins 855: 851: 846: 844: 843:Morgan dollar 839: 835: 831: 822: 813: 811: 807: 802: 797: 793: 789: 785: 780: 778: 774: 770: 761: 757: 752: 748: 746: 741: 736: 731: 727: 725: 721: 707: 695: 676: 674: 670: 666: 661: 657: 652: 648: 644: 640: 635: 633: 629: 625: 624:John Jay Knox 617: 613: 609: 604: 599: 597: 591: 589: 585: 581: 576: 567: 566:Shield nickel 562: 558: 556: 550: 536: 534: 528: 526: 522: 521:Roman numeral 518: 514: 510: 506: 496: 494: 489: 485: 483: 478: 474: 470: 461: 457: 453: 451: 446: 442: 437: 434: 430: 421: 416: 412: 403: 401: 397: 391: 389: 383: 381: 377: 371: 368: 367:James Pollock 364: 355: 350: 346: 344: 340: 336: 332: 327: 323: 318: 316: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 287: 282: 273: 271: 265: 263: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 233: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 201: 197: 194: 191: 187: 183: 179: 170: 160: 155: 151: 147: 144: 141: 137: 133: 129: 120: 110: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 78: 75: 74: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 28:United States 25: 19: 4550: 4502: 4483: 4476: 4445: 4401:(1863; 1864) 4325:Free banking 4282: 4277:Suffolk Bank 4183:Section VIII 4122:(1751; 1764) 4020:Prestige Set 4008:Souvenir Set 3983:Special sets 3949:Gold Buffalo 3931:Silver Eagle 3733: 3422:Double eagle 3356: 3243: 3242: 3232: 3222: 3204: 3194: 3189:(1879–1880) 3186:Stella ($ 4) 3184: 3174: 3164: 3140:(1907–1933) 3135: 3125: 3117:Liberty Head 3115: 3097:(1907–1933) 3092: 3087:(1838–1907) 3084:Liberty Head 3082: 3077:(1795–1804) 3072: 3064:Eagle ($ 10) 3054:(1908–1929) 3049: 3044:(1839–1908) 3041:Liberty Head 3039: 3034:(1834–1838) 3031:Classic Head 3029: 3024:(1808–1834) 3019: 3014:(1795–1807) 3009: 2991:(1854–1889) 2986: 2970:(1908–1929) 2965: 2960:(1840–1907) 2957:Liberty Head 2955: 2950:(1834–1839) 2947:Classic Head 2945: 2940:(1808–1834) 2935: 2930:(1796–1807) 2925: 2907:(1854–1889) 2902: 2897:(1849–1854) 2894:Liberty Head 2892: 2865:(2018–2032) 2860: 2853:Presidential 2842: 2829:(1975–1976) 2824: 2819:(1971–1978) 2814: 2804: 2794: 2789:(1873–1885) 2784: 2779:(1840–1873) 2774: 2769:(1836–1839) 2764: 2750: 2745:(1794–1795) 2742:Flowing Hair 2740: 2730: 2720: 2712:Dollar ($ 1) 2702:(1975–1976) 2689: 2684:(1948–1963) 2679: 2674:(1916–1947) 2669: 2664:(1892–1915) 2659: 2654:(1839–1891) 2649: 2644:(1807–1839) 2639: 2634:(1796–1807) 2629: 2624:(1794–1795) 2621:Flowing Hair 2619: 2609: 2591:(2027–2030) 2587: 2586: 2577: 2576: 2571:(2022–2025) 2566: 2553:(2010–2021) 2537:(1999–2008) 2529:(1975–1976) 2521:(1932–1998) 2513:(1916–1930) 2508: 2503:(1892–1916) 2498: 2493:(1838–1891) 2488: 2483:(1815–1838) 2478: 2473:(1796–1807) 2468: 2450:(1875–1878) 2445: 2422: 2417:(1916–1945) 2412: 2407:(1892–1916) 2402: 2397:(1837–1891) 2392: 2387:(1809–1837) 2382: 2377:(1796–1807) 2372: 2362: 2353: 2331: 2326:(1913–1938) 2321: 2316:(1883–1913) 2313:Liberty Head 2311: 2306:(1866–1883) 2301: 2296:(1837–1873) 2291: 2281: 2276:(1829–1837) 2271: 2261: 2256:(1794–1795) 2253:Flowing Hair 2251: 2241: 2218:(1865–1889) 2214: 2213: 2203: 2198:(1851–1873) 2193: 2170: 2160: 2139: 2129: 2121:Flying Eagle 2119: 2109: 2101:Braided Hair 2099: 2094:(1816–1839) 2089: 2084:(1808–1814) 2081:Classic Head 2079: 2074:(1796–1807) 2069: 2064:(1793–1796) 2059: 2049: 2039: 2029: 2019: 1996:(1840–1857) 1993:Braided Hair 1991: 1983:Classic Head 1981: 1971: 1961: 1951: 1901: 1882: 1840:Money portal 1814:. Retrieved 1810:the original 1791: 1782: 1767: 1759: 1758: 1738: 1735:Yeoman, R.S. 1716: 1707: 1688: 1656: 1636: 1618: 1598: 1579: 1569:Bibliography 1568: 1567: 1555: 1543: 1519: 1515: 1505: 1493: 1481: 1424: 1412: 1400: 1388: 1376: 1364: 1352: 1340: 1328: 1316: 1304: 1292: 1280: 1268: 1241: 1229: 1217: 1205: 1193: 1181: 1169: 1157: 1145: 1133: 1070: 1058: 1046: 1034: 1022: 1010: 998: 986: 974: 969:, p. 4. 962: 950: 907: 906: 895: 882: 873: 872: 847: 833: 827: 788:Toledo, Ohio 781: 765: 740:penny arcade 732: 728: 717: 651:John Sherman 636: 621: 601: 592: 571: 551: 547: 529: 512: 502: 486: 473:James Grimes 469:John Sherman 465: 445:legal tender 438: 429:Walter Breen 425: 422:note of 1864 409: 393: 385: 372: 359: 343:shinplasters 319: 291: 266: 245:shinplasters 234: 217: 213: 209: 207: 18: 4585:(1909–1912) 4567:(1890–1891) 4547:(1879–1907) 4541:(1878–1964) 4529:(1875–1878) 4516:Free silver 4504:Knox v. Lee 4499:(1870–1875) 4470:(1870–1914) 4448:(1865–1889) 4442:(1864–1873) 4431:(1863–1864) 4425:(1863–1933) 4413:(1863–1913) 4407:(1863–1865) 4395:(1862–1876) 4389:(1862–1971) 4378:(1861–1862) 4376:Demand Note 4367:(1853–1863) 4356:(1851–1873) 4345:(1846–1913) 4339:(1842–1865) 4333:(1836–1865) 4327:(1836–1865) 4318:(1840–1870) 4299:, 1832–1836 4293:, 1829–1842 4279:, 1818–1858 4273:, 1816–1836 4262:(1812–1913) 4256:(1793–1857) 4250:(1793–1857) 4239:(1792–1873) 4227:(1792–1873) 4216:(1791–1811) 4199:1789–1913; 4181:1787–1788; 4173:(1781–1791) 4167:(1781–1785) 4161:(1780–1781) 4155:(1775–1779) 4143:(1776–1780) 4134:(1760–1840) 4096:(1607–1760) 4022:(1983–1997) 4010:(1972–1998) 4004:(1964–1967) 3969:(2010–2021) 3815:3¢ (bronze) 3792:2¢ (billon) 3739:5¢ (silver) 3734:3¢ (nickel) 3729:3¢ (silver) 3654:Circulating 3513:Demand Note 3418:(1795–1933) 3412:(1795–1929) 3406:(1854–1889) 3400:(1796–1929) 3394:(1849–1889) 3392:Gold dollar 3377:(1875–1878) 3371:(1792–1873) 3365:(1851–1873) 3359:(1865–1889) 3353:(1864–1873) 3347:(1793–1857) 3341:(1793–1857) 3094:Indian Head 3074:Capped Bust 3051:Indian Head 3021:Capped Bust 3011:Draped Bust 2967:Indian Head 2937:Capped Bust 2927:Draped Bust 2752:Draped Bust 2641:Capped Bust 2631:Draped Bust 2480:Capped Bust 2470:Draped Bust 2384:Capped Bust 2374:Draped Bust 2273:Capped Bust 2263:Draped Bust 2233:nickel (5¢) 2131:Indian Head 2091:Matron Head 2071:Draped Bust 2061:Liberty Cap 1986:(1809–1836) 1976:(1800–1808) 1973:Draped Bust 1966:(1793–1797) 1963:Liberty Cap 830:R.S. Yeoman 769:gold dollar 616:Assay medal 517:the Vatican 406:Legislation 352:The bronze 284:The silver 199:Design date 149:Design date 70:Composition 4605:Categories 4254:Large cent 3937:Gold Eagle 3749:$ 1 (gold) 3410:Half eagle 3385:Gold coins 3345:Large cent 3333:Half disme 3225:) Obsolete 2816:Eisenhower 2346:Dime (10¢) 2283:Washington 2243:Half disme 2011:penny (1¢) 2006:Large cent 1783:Coin World 863:proof sets 816:Collecting 596:greenbacks 575:base metal 539:Production 310:large cent 276:Background 95:Mint marks 79:25% nickel 76:75% copper 39:US dollars 4248:Half cent 4237:Half dime 4188:Section X 3990:Proof Set 3604:Funnyback 3369:Half dime 3339:Half cent 2844:Sacagawea 2424:Roosevelt 2333:Jefferson 2228:Half dime 1674:cite book 1666:576522762 1474:Carothers 1444:Carothers 1429:Goldstein 1405:Carothers 1369:Carothers 1333:Carothers 1321:Carothers 1309:Carothers 1285:Carothers 1261:Carothers 1246:Carothers 1162:Carothers 1150:Greenbaum 1138:Carothers 1109:Goldstein 1075:Carothers 1039:Carothers 1015:Carothers 1003:Carothers 967:Goldstein 908:Citations 888:Greenbaum 850:varieties 796:Cleveland 665:half dime 493:Don Taxay 326:Civil War 296:from the 90:1865–1889 4297:Bank War 4071:pre–1913 3996:Mint Set 3784:Canceled 3697:Obsolete 3436:Currency 3228:Canceled 2766:Gobrecht 2681:Franklin 1879:(1971). 1816:March 4, 1737:(2017). 1578:(2006). 854:overdate 771:and the 699:Closed 3 667:and the 564:The new 313:the new 189:Designer 139:Designer 54:Diameter 4233:(1792–) 4149:(1775–) 3923:Bullion 3805:⁄ 3709:⁄ 3586:Related 3223:italics 3199:(1877) 3130:(1879) 2735:(1783) 2725:(1776) 2691:Kennedy 2614:(1783) 2581:(2026) 2561:(2021) 2545:(2009) 2414:Mercury 2367:(1792) 2246:(1792) 2208:(1863) 2165:(1836) 2141:Lincoln 2054:(1793) 2044:(1793) 2034:(1792) 2024:(1787) 1628:8109299 1536:Fanning 1222:Fanning 294:bullion 157:Reverse 107:Obverse 57:17.9 mm 4591:(1913) 4579:(1908) 4573:(1900) 4561:(1890) 4555:(1884) 4535:(1878) 4523:(1875) 4507:(1871) 4488:(1870) 4287:, 1819 4111:(1730) 3600:(1787) 3335:(1792) 3295:Topics 2796:Morgan 2755:(1795– 2661:Barber 2500:Barber 2404:Barber 2358:(1783) 2303:Shield 2195:Silver 2172:Bronze 2162:Billon 2051:Wreath 1956:(1783) 1891: 1748: 1723: 1695: 1664: 1643: 1626: 1605: 1586: 1522:: 192. 1273:Krause 1126:Bowers 1063:Bowers 943:Yeoman 838:Good-4 790:, and 711:Open 3 555:nickel 499:Design 331:Canada 257:nickel 230:nickel 181:Design 131:Design 49:1.94 g 3913:2020s 3908:2010s 3903:2000s 3898:1990s 3893:1980s 3888:1970s 3883:1950s 3878:1940s 3873:1930s 3868:1920s 3863:1910s 3858:1900s 3853:1800s 3835:$ 100 3754:$ 2.5 3416:Eagle 3326:Coins 2806:Peace 2786:Trade 2364:Disme 2041:Chain 1800:: 25. 1560:Breen 1548:Breen 1459:Breen 1417:Breen 1393:Breen 1345:Taxay 1234:Lange 1210:Breen 1198:Lange 1186:Breen 1174:Taxay 1090:Breen 1051:Taxay 1027:Taxay 991:Breen 979:Breen 955:Breen 900:1866. 874:Notes 852:. An 65:plain 34:Value 4065:and 3830:$ 50 3774:$ 20 3769:$ 10 3233:bold 2875:Gold 2757:1804 2111:Ring 1889:ISBN 1818:2014 1746:ISBN 1721:ISBN 1693:ISBN 1680:link 1662:OCLC 1641:ISBN 1624:OCLC 1603:ISBN 1584:ISBN 745:dime 394:The 208:The 202:1865 152:1865 62:Edge 46:Mass 3825:$ 4 3820:$ 2 3764:$ 5 3759:$ 3 3744:20¢ 3687:$ 1 3682:50¢ 3677:25¢ 3672:10¢ 2230:and 2008:and 832:'s 794:of 786:of 675:". 582:'s 216:or 4607:: 3724:2¢ 3667:5¢ 3662:1¢ 2759:) 1676:}} 1672:{{ 1528:^ 1520:26 1518:. 1514:. 1466:^ 1451:^ 1436:^ 1253:^ 1116:^ 1097:^ 1082:^ 915:^ 845:. 484:. 264:. 232:. 4073:) 4069:( 4055:e 4048:t 4041:v 3810:¢ 3807:2 3803:1 3800:+ 3798:2 3714:¢ 3711:2 3707:1 3638:e 3631:t 3624:v 3280:e 3273:t 3266:v 3241:( 3231:( 3221:( 1927:e 1920:t 1913:v 1897:. 1820:. 1754:. 1729:. 1701:. 1682:) 1668:. 1649:. 1630:. 1611:. 1592:. 1500:. 1275:. 762:. 553:" 41:)

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Index