Three-cent silver - Knowledge

550: 681:. The weight of the three-cent piece was reduced from .8 grams to .75, but its fineness increased to .900. Although the other reduced-weight silver coins were given legal tender limits of five dollars, that of the three-cent piece remained at thirty cents. Carothers theorized, "Congress, probably realizing that the 3 cent piece was a misfit at best, preferred to leave it with a discordant legal tender value". Pursuant to these congressional acts, mintage of the type 1 three-cent silver stopped on March 31, 1853. These changes to the silver coinage alleviated the problem of small change, as the new lightweight coins remained in circulation and were not then hoarded. 721:. Despite the statutes, in 1853 and 1854, Snowden had the mint purchase large quantities of silver bullion at a fixed price, generally above the market rate, and struck it into coin. The fact that the subsidiary coins were only legal tender to five dollars and could not be redeemed for gold resulted in a glut of silver coins in commerce. This oversupply, which persisted through 1862, then led to lower mintages of silver coins in the mid-1850s, including the three-cent piece. The largest mintage for the type-2 three-cent silver occurred in 1858, when 1,603,700 were struck for circulation. 1263: 669:, "the new 3¢ coins were minted in large quantities, went immediately into circulation, and stayed there". Despite mechanical difficulties in striking so small a piece, a total of 5,446,400 were struck at Philadelphia in 1851, and 720,000 at New Orleans—the latter would prove the only mintage of three-cent pieces outside Philadelphia. The coins were shipped directly to post offices for use with stamps. Members of the public who wanted pieces were refused them by mint officials, who advised would-be purchasers to seek them at treasury depository branches. 626:, in his book on American coins and medals, considered the silver three-cent piece one of the ugliest U.S. coins, though it "has the redeeming feature of delicate workmanship". Dennis Tucker, head of Whitman Publishing, in 2016 described the coin as "something of a 'Sarah plain and small'." Congress had required, in the authorizing act for the three-cent silver, that the piece bear a design distinct from both the gold dollar and the other silver coins. As Longacre wrote in his letter to Corwin of March 2, 1851, 487:

the going rate. The new coin would weigh three-tenths as much as the dime, but the debasement of the silver would compensate the government for the losses it would take in redeeming the underweight, worn Spanish coins. The three-cent denomination was chosen as it coordinated well with the six- and twelve-cent values often assigned the fip and levy. The House of Representatives instead considered legislation to reduce the valuation of the Spanish coins to ten cents per real, and to strike a

1277: 658: 749:. The trime remained in circulation longer than the other silver coins, apparently due to the public misconception that it was still made of debased silver, but by the autumn of 1862, it too was hoarded. With little point to issuing coins that would not circulate, mintage of the three-cent silver dropped from 343,000 in 1862 to 21,000 in 1863, a figure that would be exceeded only once (22,000 in 1866) throughout the remainder of the series. In March 1863, Treasury Secretary 271: 127: 401:, silver could be traded for increasing amounts of gold, so U.S. silver coins were exported and melted for their metal. This, and the reduction of postage rates to three cents, prompted Congress in 1851 to authorize a coin of that denomination made of .750 fine silver, rather than the conventional .900. The three-cent silver was the first American coin to contain metal valued significantly less than its face value, and the first silver coin not to be 1249: 170: 445:, including the "levy" (one real) and "fip" (half real). The levy and fip often passed for twelve and six cents respectively in the Eastern U.S. The mint accepted them as payment at a slightly lower figure, but even so, lost money on the transactions as many of the pieces were lightweight through wear. The odd denominations of the levy and fip were a convenience, allowing payment or change to be made without the use of 319: 218: 540:

the first step had been taken in the relegation of silver to the status of a subordinate monetary material. The new piece was the first silver coin in the history of the United States that was not legal tender for an unlimited amount. Subsidiary coinage had been established, but in a trivial way, by an unworkable law, and at a time when the entire silver currency was flowing out of the country.

806:, which proclaimed all coin and currency of the United States good to any amount for payment of public and private debt, it had long since disappeared from circulation. The three-cent nickel also went the way of its silver counterpart, and, following years of low mintages and decreasing popularity, it was abolished by the Act of September 26, 1890 along with the gold dollar and 677:

federal coin valued between the three-cent piece and gold dollar, was a source of concern, and mint officials and congressmen corresponded in 1852 concerning a reduction in weight of silver coins such as the half dime and half dollar. Congress at last responded with laws passed on February 21, 1853 and March 3, 1853. These reduced the weight of all silver coins except for the

887:, except the 1851 through 1853 at Philadelphia ($ 25). All three-cent pieces from 1863 to 1872 are less valuable in proof than in uncirculated MS-63 condition. Much of the mintage of later dates was melted by the Mint after the termination of the series, having already been produced in low numbers in its latter years, thereby increasing scarcity of late trimes yet further. 491:, of .900 silver, to facilitate the exchange. Neil Carothers, in his book on small-denomination American money, suggests that the House's plan would have resulted in the Spanish coins staying in circulation, and any twenty-cent pieces issued being hoarded or melted. No legislation passed in 1850, which saw continued export of America's silver coinage. 690:

in order to assist the public in distinguishing between three-cent pieces of type 1 and type 2, since the material value of their silver now differed. These parallel changes were made to the other silver coins of less than a dollar as well. As it was more urgent to complete work on the modifications to silver coins such as the half dollar and

528:, offered an amendment to that effect. The amendment failed, as did every other attempt to change the legislation, including Dickinson's plea, in the Senate, to restore the requirement that the new coin be used to retire some of the Spanish silver. The bill passed both houses, and became the Act of March 3, 1851 when President 4250: 788:

on February 12 of that year. The law abolished the two-cent piece, the trime, the half dime, and the standard silver dollar (later restored in 1878). Carothers calls the abolition of the silver three- and five-cent pieces "a necessity if the 3 cent and 5 cent nickel pieces were to be continued after

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The small size of the coins, which were dubbed "fish scales", was disliked as they were easily lost. The mint used them to redeem some of the Spanish silver, but the bulk of those foreign coins remained in circulation. A shopper paying for a small purchase with a gold dollar might receive fifteen or

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and other discoveries came to the Eastern U.S. in considerable quantities beginning in 1848. By the following year, the price of gold relative to silver had dropped, making it profitable to export American silver coins, sell them as bullion, and use the payment in gold to buy more U.S. coins. Silver

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I have therefore chosen a star (one of the heraldic elements of the National crest) bearing on its centre the shield of the Union, surrounded by the legal inscription and date. For the reverse I have devised an ornamental letter C embracing in its centre the Roman numeral III, the whole encircled by

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The shift to .900 silver for the three-cent silver was intended to help drive the Spanish coins out of circulation. Longacre made changes to both sides of the three-cent silver, engraving a triple line around the star on the obverse and adding an olive branch and a bundle of arrows to the reverse,

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introduced legislation for a three-cent piece in .750 fine silver, that is, three parts silver to one part copper (American silver coins were then .900 fine). He proposed to offer it in exchange for the Spanish silver, which would be valued at eight reals to the dollar for the purpose, higher than

639:

Longacre's original design for the reverse (type 1) was altered when the fineness of the coin was increased in 1854, to aid the public in distinguishing between them. For the type 2 and type 3, (the reverses of which are identical, the only differences between the two types are on the obverse) an

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This almost forgotten statute is one of the most significant measures in American currency history. After resisting for sixty years every attempt to introduce any form of fiduciary silver coinage, Congress adopted a subsidiary silver coin as an adjunct to the postal service, without realizing that

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entrusting Longacre, by virtue of his office, with responsibility for preparing dies, Peale prepared his own and ran off some sample three-cent pieces. Both types of pattern coin were sent by Patterson to Corwin on March 25, 1851, with the Mint director's recommendation that the chief engraver's

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to help bridge the gap. Spanish silver coins were the bulk of what was left in commerce for small change, although there was disagreement as to the value to be assigned to them. Additionally, they were often heavily worn, reducing their intrinsic worth at a time when Americans expected coins to

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Although there is no archival evidence, Breen theorizes that in 1858 Snowden ordered Longacre to make changes to improve striking quality, as most type-2 pieces were weakly struck. The changes include removal of one of the outlines around the star, with smaller and more evenly spaced lettering.

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The 1853 acts had also prohibited the mint from buying silver from the public. Since the silver dollar was heavy relative to its face value, little silver was presented for striking into that piece. As the statutes did not permit the public to deposit silver and receive it back in the form of

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Silver coins continued to flow out of the U.S. in 1852, and the three-cent silver saw its highest mintage, 18,663,500, all from Philadelphia. The value of these pieces was larger than that of all other silver coins struck by the mints in 1852. The chaotic state of commerce, with no circulating

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sent Congress a draft bill to replace the outdated 1837 Mint Act and the bits of legislation passed over the years regarding the mint and coinage. Even in the draft bill, no provision was made for the three-cent silver, though some in Congress wished to retain the coin in anticipation of the

4257: 768:, as it has come to be known. With the trime effectively replaced by base-metal pieces, it did not share in the increased mintage of silver coins that began in 1868. The three-cent silver was struck at the rate of just a few thousand per year into the 1870s. 673:

so three-cent pieces and the remainder in badly worn fips and other small silver coins. One Philadelphia newspaper reported, derisively, that merchants were reduced to giving ladles full of three-cent pieces in change for a five-dollar banknote.

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design be selected. The next day, acting Treasury Secretary William L. Hodge approved Longacre's design. Knowing there was a large demand for the new coins, Patterson thought it best to build up a stock of 500,000 before beginning distribution.

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for an unlimited amount. The coin saw heavy use until Congress acted again in 1853, making other silver coins lighter, which kept them in circulation. Congress also lightened the three-cent silver, and increased its fineness to 900 silver.

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was struck beginning in 1865, and the three-cent silver saw low mintages for its final decade before its abolition. The series is not widely collected, and the pieces remain inexpensive relative to other U.S. coins of similar scarcity.

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Large quantities of the three-cent silver, including much of the production from 1863 and later, were held by the treasury and were melted after the coin was deauthorized. Although the trime was confirmed as fully legal tender by the

793:, whose mines produced much of the nickel ore used in their coinage. According to numismatist R. W. Julian, the three-cent silver "had played its part well in the U.S. monetary system, but there was no longer any need for it". 818:

According to Kevin Flynn and Winston Zack in their book on the three-cent silver, "Lower interest means that it is the type of coin which you can find great deals on pricing, even on dates in which rarity is high." According to

4243: 598:. Patterson, writing to Corwin on March 7, indicated that if the three-cent were struck in .900 silver, it would be hoarded, but as the silver in the .750 pieces was worth only two and a half cents, the Mint would profit via 449:, which were at that time large, made of copper, and not accepted by the government as legal tender due to their lack of precious metal. In the Western U.S., the levy and fip were accepted as the equivalent of the silver 510:. The House committee proposing the 1851 bill included Dickinson's three-cent piece, and provided that it be legal tender up to 30 cents. When the bill was debated in the House on January 13, 1851, New York Congressman 789:

the revival of silver coinage". Breen deems the decision to eliminate the silver three-cent piece and the half dime, which might have directly competed with the two copper-nickel coins, a favor to industrialist

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Breen suggests that the lettering displays the influence of Assistant Engraver Anthony C. Paquet, who likely assisted Longacre. These changes only affected the obverse, leaving the reverse unaltered.

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samples of his proposed three-cent piece, along with a letter explaining the symbology. Patterson preferred Peale's design, but recommended Longacre's for approval on the ground that it was in lower

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Carothers pointed out the precedent-setting nature of the legislation, the first to authorize an American silver coin containing an amount of metal worth considerably less than its face value:

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that his committee was considering both reducing the postage rate and instituting a three-cent coin. Although no legislative action was then taken, Patterson had the mint prepare experimental

3482: 741:, backed only by the credit of the government, and by mid-1862, gold and silver coins had vanished from circulation in much of the nation, their place taken by such makeshifts as 474:($ 2.50 piece) was the half-dollar-sized copper cent, which saw no use in much of the country because of its lack of legal tender status. Early in 1849, Congress authorized a 4391: 3107: 841:

collection. Flynn and Zack theorize that this was the specimen viewed by Hodge in approving Longacre's design, as there is no record of its return to the Philadelphia Mint.

390:, it circulated well while other silver coinage was being hoarded and melted, but once that problem was addressed, became less used. It was abolished by Congress with the 4386: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 1529: 2746: 2129: 3097: 3475: 438:

standard, and though Congress had slightly overvalued silver with respect to gold, enough Mexican silver flowed into the country to produce a rough equilibrium.

1302:"Levy" and "fip" were corruptions of their value expressed in early Pennsylvania currency, eleven pence for the levy and five and a half pence for the fip. See 409:

With the return of other denominations to circulation, the three-cent silver saw less use, and its place in commerce was lost with the economic chaos of the

630:

On so small a coin it is impossible that the device can be at once conspicuous and striking unless it is simple—complexity would defeat the object. For the

3468: 494:

Impetus for the passage of a three-cent coin came when Congress, in January 1851, considered reducing postage rates from five cents to three. In 1849,

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had been striking silver coins since the 1790s, they did not always circulate due to fluctuations in the price of the metal. In 1834, for example,

3987: 3900: 3520: 3491: 3379: 3369: 3357: 694:, Longacre left the redesign of the three-cent piece for last, and did not complete work on the coin until late 1853. The new treasury secretary, 4614: 4270: 4266: 2122: 753:

wrote in a letter that the three-cent silver had entirely vanished from circulation, proposing that it be issued in aluminum to avoid hoarding.

4819: 4368: 3683: 4380: 3658: 829:, published in 2017, the ones that catalog the highest are the proof issues from before 1858, with the 1854 issue leading the way, listed at 4518: 4217: 470:

coins consequently vanished from circulation, meaning the highest-value American coin actually circulating that was worth less than the

4170: 2115: 587:

On March 2, 1851, the day before the legislation was passed, Longacre, with the reluctant permission of Patterson (a Peale ally) sent

3857: 2138: 4398: 4126: 4000: 1879: 4404: 4318: 4223: 3673: 1519: 588: 4730: 4176: 3947: 3678: 3668: 3663: 3578: 2640: 488: 2567: 4350: 4205: 3833: 2069: 2044: 2018: 1942: 4286: 2854: 2693: 2650: 2597: 2496: 4158: 3515: 2059: 825: 695: 568:

continued to experiment with three-cent silvers. The matter was caught up in ongoing conflict between Mint chief coiner

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Congress eventually deprived the Spanish silver coins of legal tender status in 1857 and made them exchangeable for the

4742: 3756: 3029: 2903: 2730: 4235: 4434: 4048: 3849: 3505: 3078: 2989: 1982: 495: 4626: 4474: 3885: 3826: 3726: 2925: 2804: 431: 1977:. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (reprinted 1988 by Bowers and Merena Galleries, Inc., Wolfeboro, NH). 4632: 4417: 4411: 4023: 3711: 2028: 511: 446: 4643: 4451: 4356: 3927: 3908: 3796: 3706: 3554: 3542: 2754: 2375: 2196: 2146: 757: 4768: 4724: 4469: 4211: 3761: 777: 705:

were struck and apparently distributed in sets with the other silver coins. Beginning in 1858, Mint director

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subsidiary silver coins (the three-cent piece through half dollar), this effectively placed the U.S. on the

4786: 4670: 4463: 3880: 3766: 2663: 691: 4814: 4762: 4344: 4028: 3890: 3870: 3389: 3065: 2915: 2874: 2436: 765: 549: 4038: 3972: 3865: 3776: 3619: 3409: 3340: 3267: 3160: 3150: 2214: 4660: 3875: 3721: 3320: 3056: 2549: 450: 4780: 4164: 2713: 503: 4700: 4655: 4193: 4152: 4146: 3746: 3701: 3254: 3244: 3170: 3038: 2771: 4312: 4199: 2264: 3460: 4755: 4748: 4736: 4608: 4487: 4374: 4334: 4296: 4134: 3751: 3736: 3731: 2979: 2166: 1974:

Fractional Money: A History of Small Coins and Fractional Paper Currency of the United States

678: 644:, and a bundle of three arrows, a symbol of war, below it. The arrows are bound by a ribbon. 442: 4695: 4546: 4362: 3510: 2884: 2107: 1282: 844:

The 1873 coin, the trime's final issue, was struck in proof only, and is listed at between

466: 398: 38: 8: 4792: 4714: 4688: 4638: 4596: 4574: 4563: 4552: 4540: 4506: 4423: 4274: 4140: 3653: 2945: 2894: 2516: 803: 785: 742: 631: 483: 391: 1875: 833:. Not listed is the 1851 proof trime, of which only one is known, last sold in 2012 for 584:, in 1836. Longacre prepared a design similar to the coin that was eventually released. 4681: 4620: 4590: 4585: 4568: 4494: 4428: 4265: 3962: 3771: 3741: 3607: 3287: 3191: 2955: 2762: 2722: 2304: 2294: 2234: 2033: 1972: 1268: 807: 734: 706: 661:

A Spanish colonial two-reals piece ("two bits") from the Potosí Mint (today in Bolivia)

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the following year. In 1866, it authorized a five-cent piece in the latter alloy, the

4774: 4649: 4602: 4018: 3937: 3560: 3297: 3019: 2935: 2814: 2738: 2558: 2486: 2418: 2408: 2324: 2156: 2065: 2054: 2040: 2014: 1997: 1978: 1959: 1938: 1316: 761: 738: 573: 565: 414: 387: 342: 289: 241: 188: 145: 112: 2013:(reprint of 1966 ed.). New York, NY: Sanford J. Durst Numismatic Publications. 3801: 3330: 3047: 2536: 2388: 2334: 781: 603: 557: 529: 525: 108: 1520:"Ugly duckling coins may mark the low points of design, but they have their charm" 868:. Of coins struck for circulation, Yeoman's highest listings are for the 1868, at 4534: 4446: 4306: 3995: 3536: 2969: 2446: 2365: 1953: 852:, depending on condition. Most U.S. coins of that year were struck with a "close 838: 772: 756:

Congress began the task of restoring federal coins to circulation in 1864 with a

750: 3818: 2864: 2703: 2627: 2607: 2526: 790: 569: 441:

By early 1849, most of the silver coins in circulation were small coins of the

4808: 3957: 3601: 3120: 2999: 2506: 2001: 746: 718: 591: 507: 499: 471: 4528: 4480: 4323: 3977: 3625: 3310: 3234: 3009: 2824: 2617: 2456: 2344: 2284: 2186: 1963: 1254: 884: 873: 820: 666: 657: 577: 553: 402: 4719: 4707: 4579: 3952: 3716: 3595: 3277: 3224: 3214: 3140: 3130: 3087: 2960: 2844: 2834: 2683: 2673: 2587: 2577: 2476: 2466: 2274: 2254: 2176: 475: 435: 90: 4457: 4033: 3967: 3922: 3613: 3548: 3399: 3204: 2244: 2224: 2209: 1524: 702: 599: 434:

sold on the market at a premium of one percent. The U.S. was then on a

383: 4440: 3942: 3807: 3572: 2431: 2314: 896: 710: 514:

indicated that he felt both coin and stamp should be denominated at 2

454: 564:

In addition to striking the pattern coins in 1849, officials at the

4500: 270: 126: 169: 2039:. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 576:, who each prepared designs. Peale produced a coin depicting a 3490: 1935:

Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins

1784: 602:

from coining the new pieces. Patterson also suggested that the

595: 111:(1851 only). To the right of the Roman numeral on the reverse. 78: 74: 1958:. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1774: 1772: 1770: 580:, based on a design prepared by Longacre's late predecessor, 2137: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1568: 1544: 1856: 1609: 1556: 1394: 1392: 1390: 318: 217: 1906: 1894: 1767: 1365: 1363: 1844: 1657: 1580: 864:" variety. The three-cent silver exists only as a close 413:, which led to hoarding of all gold and silver coins. A 1796: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1715: 1676: 1621: 1597: 1387: 2086:

Goldstein, Bruce C. (June 6, 2011). "The Power of 3s".

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After a massive importation of gold bullion during the

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The Authoritative Reference on Three Cent Silver Coins

1350: 1348: 1742: 457:, although the Spanish pieces contained more silver. 1693: 1691: 1633: 1484: 1472: 1244: 698:, approved the changes on November 10 of that year. 3013:(1921–1935; 2021–present; patterns struck in 1964) 2064:(71st ed.). Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. 1832: 1732: 1730: 1645: 1499: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1443: 1431: 1345: 856:" in the date, and, following a complaint that the 640:olive sprig, a symbol of peace, was added over the 89:

1851–1853, .0193 troy oz. Later issues, .0217

2032: 1409: 1407: 879:Yeoman lists all three-cent pieces before 1863 at 1955:Laws of the United States Relating to the Coinage 1688: 4806: 3848: 3521:Canceled denominations of United States currency 1820: 1808: 1727: 1703: 1455: 479:contain metal worth the value assigned to them. 386:in 1873. Designed by the Mint's chief engraver, 2090:. Sidney, OH: Amos Press, Inc.: 4–5, 14–15, 18. 1404: 1951: 1790: 1550: 914:O (New Orleans Mint in New Orleans, 1851 only) 4251: 3834: 3476: 2123: 1991: 1912: 1900: 1862: 1850: 1778: 1670: 1615: 1591: 1574: 1562: 1398: 899:appears on the reverse, to the right of the 780:. After much debate in Congress, President 382:for circulation from 1851 to 1872, and as a 3492:Obsolete United States currency and coinage 49:1851–1853, .80 g. Later pieces, .75 g 4258: 4244: 4171:America the Beautiful silver bullion coins 3841: 3827: 3483: 3469: 2763:Washington (crossing the Delaware reverse) 2328:(1856–1858, patterns struck in 1854–1855) 2130: 2116: 269: 168: 125: 3588: 1992:Flynn, Kevin & Zack, Winston (2010). 911:Blank (Philadelphia Mint in Philadelphia) 860:too closely resembled an eight, an "open 81:. Later pieces, .900 silver, .100 copper 2926:Continental Currency (Fugio or Franklin) 2139:Circulating coinage of the United States 701:Starting with 1854, small quantities of 656: 548: 4319:Maryland Tobacco Inspection Act of 1747 2103:. Iola, WI: Krause Publications: 52–54. 1240: 4807: 4177:American Liberty high relief gold coin 3451:) Planned but production not commenced 3442:Currently produced for collectors only 2747:Washington (D.C. and U.S. Territories) 890: 606:could be used to strike the new coin. 4820:Three-cent coins of the United States 4239: 3822: 3464: 2379:(1864–1873, patterns struck in 1863) 2338:(1859–1909, patterns struck in 1858) 2111: 2085: 1970: 1838: 1802: 1721: 1682: 1651: 1639: 1627: 1603: 1517: 1493: 1449: 1425: 1381: 1369: 724: 684: 652: 4287:Monetary policy of the United States 4271:central banking in the United States 3324:(1850–1907, pattern struck in 1849) 2027: 1505: 837:, and which once formed part of the 4569:New York Clearing House Association 3516:History of the United States dollar 2060:A Guide Book of United States Coins 826:A Guide Book of United States Coins 115:specimens struck without mint mark. 13: 4381:Article I of the U.S. Constitution 2755:Washington (America the Beautiful) 2094: 2053: 1882:from the original on March 4, 2016 1761: 1736: 1697: 1532:from the original on July 16, 2016 1413: 665:According to numismatic historian 524:cents, and his fellow New Yorker, 14: 4831: 2008: 1932: 1826: 1814: 1709: 1478: 1466: 1437: 1354: 1303: 762:three-cent piece in copper-nickel 713:available to the general public. 556:struck to Peale's design for the 496:House Committee on Ways and Means 415:three-cent piece in copper-nickel 4475:Second Bank of the United States 3684:one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill 3370:Two and a half cent piece (2.5¢) 3003:(1878–1904; 1921; 2021–present) 2095:Julian, R. W. (July 1998). "The 1275: 1261: 1247: 760:in bronze, and by authorizing a 317: 216: 4633:Compound interest treasury note 4418:First Bank of the United States 3712:Compound interest treasury note 3659:Large denominations of currency 2782:Washington (Semiquincentennial) 1868: 1511: 1322: 1309: 502:, had written to Mint director 4357:Continental currency banknotes 3797:Black Eagle Silver Certificate 1518:Roach, Steve (July 15, 2016). 1296: 544: 16:US three-cent coin (1851–1873) 1: 4725:Specie Payment Resumption Act 4470:Banking in the Jacksonian Era 2318:(1850–1851, 1853, 1884–1885) 1328:Sometimes known as a "closed 813: 778:resumption of specie payments 647: 609:Despite the provision of the 421: 4787:National Monetary Commission 3850:Coinage of the United States 3767:Treasury Note (19th century) 796: 771:In 1870, Treasury Secretary 737:brought the introduction of 460: 7: 4763:Sherman Silver Purchase Act 4495:New York Safety Fund System 4369:U.S. Finance Superintendent 4345:Second Continental Congress 3695:Discontinued currency types 2772:Washington (American Women) 1952:Bureau of the Mint (1904). 1937:. New York, NY: Doubleday. 10: 4836: 3777:United States postal notes 3647:Discontinued denominations 2723:Washington (eagle reverse) 1996:. Roswell, GA: Kyle Vick. 733:The economic chaos of the 572:, and the chief engraver, 482:In 1850, New York Senator 372:three-cent piece in silver 4671:2nd Industrial Revolution 4669: 4661:Public Credit Act of 1869 4547:Independent U.S. Treasury 4517: 4335:1st Industrial Revolution 4333: 4295: 4282: 4186: 4125: 4047: 3986: 3899: 3856: 3789: 3722:Federal Reserve Bank Note 3694: 3674:five-thousand-dollar bill 3646: 3639: 3529: 3498: 3439:) Currently in production 3421: 3356: 3309: 3266: 3203: 3182: 3119: 3086: 3077: 3030:Eisenhower (bicentennial) 2914: 2803: 2792:Washington (youth sports) 2731:Washington (bicentennial) 2662: 2639: 2548: 2430: 2387: 2356: 2208: 2145: 2035:Numismatic Art in America 2011:The U.S. Mint and Coinage 617: 428:Mint of the United States 380:Mint of the United States 356: 348: 338: 330: 311: 303: 295: 285: 277: 268: 263: 255: 247: 237: 229: 210: 202: 194: 184: 176: 167: 159: 151: 141: 133: 124: 119: 104: 96: 85: 69: 61: 53: 45: 33: 26: 4586:Legal Tender Act of 1862 4399:U.S. Treasury Department 3679:ten-thousand-dollar bill 3669:one-thousand-dollar bill 3664:five-hundred-dollar bill 1971:Carothers, Neil (1930). 903:, in the opening of the 4701:National Gold Bank Note 4656:Contraction Act of 1866 4405:U.S. Treasury Secretary 3747:National Gold Bank Note 3702:Early American currency 2470:(1796–1797, 1800–1805) 2062:(The Official Red Book) 4412:U.S. Treasury security 4313:Tobacco Inspection Act 3380:Two dollar piece ($ 2) 3121:Quarter eagle ($ 2.50) 2904:Kennedy (bicentennial) 1933:Breen, Walter (1988). 662: 637: 561: 542: 4756:Juilliard v. Greenman 4749:Refunding Certificate 4615:National banks system 4609:Interest bearing note 4488:McCulloch v. Maryland 4375:Bank of North America 4351:U.S. dollar banknotes 4297:Commercial Revolution 3762:Treasury or Coin Note 3752:Refunding Certificate 3737:Interest bearing note 3732:Hawaii overprint note 3506:United States coinage 2739:Washington (50 State) 2527:Buffalo (Indian Head) 2419:Nickel (Liberty Head) 2409:Bronze (Coronet Head) 660: 628: 552: 537: 443:Spanish colonial real 4781:Aldrich–Vreeland Act 4696:Currency Act of 1870 4363:Bank of Pennsylvania 4220:(1976, 1992–present) 3707:Continental currency 3511:United States dollar 1283:United States portal 1241:Notes and references 930:Circulation strikes 635:the thirteen stars. 467:California Gold Rush 399:California Gold Rush 378:, was struck by the 370:, also known as the 4793:Federal Reserve Act 4715:Coinage Act of 1873 4689:Hepburn v. Griswold 4639:Coinage Act of 1864 4597:Fractional currency 4575:Coinage Act of 1857 4564:Coinage Act of 1853 4553:Coinage Act of 1849 4507:Coinage Act of 1834 4424:Coinage Act of 1792 4159:First Spouse (gold) 3654:Fractional currency 3311:Double eagle ($ 20) 3183:Three dollars ($ 3) 3066:American Innovation 2029:Vermeule, Cornelius 2009:Taxay, Don (1983). 1805:, pp. 226–236. 1764:, pp. 130–131. 1724:, pp. 156–158. 1685:, pp. 129–136. 1630:, pp. 122–123. 1606:, pp. 111–112. 1481:, pp. 219–220. 1440:, pp. 218–219. 1428:, pp. 107–108. 1384:, pp. 106–107. 1372:, pp. 102–105. 1357:, pp. 217–218. 891:Mintages and rarity 804:Coinage Act of 1965 786:Coinage Act of 1873 743:fractional currency 504:Robert M. Patterson 484:Daniel S. Dickinson 392:Coinage Act of 1873 357:Design discontinued 304:Design discontinued 256:Design discontinued 203:Design discontinued 160:Design discontinued 23: 4815:1851 introductions 4743:Silver certificate 4682:Legal Tender Cases 4621:National Bank Note 4603:National Bank Acts 4591:United States Note 4429:United States Mint 3772:United States Note 3757:Silver certificate 3742:National Bank Note 3608:Three-dollar piece 3059:(2007–2016; 2020) 3041:(1979–1981; 1999) 2641:Twenty cents (20¢) 2490:(1866; 1909–1910) 2308:(1839–1857, 1868) 1876:"1851 3CS (Proof)" 1791:Bureau of the Mint 1551:Bureau of the Mint 1306:, p. 217 n.3. 1269:Numismatics portal 907:that encloses it. 808:three-dollar piece 739:legal tender notes 725:Type 3 (1859–1873) 707:James Ross Snowden 685:Type 2 (1854–1858) 663: 653:Type 1 (1851–1853) 624:Cornelius Vermeule 589:Treasury Secretary 582:Christian Gobrecht 562: 411:American Civil War 21: 4802: 4801: 4775:Gold Standard Act 4737:Bland–Allison Act 4731:Twenty-cent piece 4650:Three-cent nickel 4558:Three-cent silver 4435:U.S. dollar coins 4233: 4232: 4161:(2007–2016; 2020) 3816: 3815: 3785: 3784: 3635: 3634: 3628:(1850–1933; 2009) 3579:Twenty-cent piece 3567:Three-cent silver 3561:Three-cent nickel 3458: 3457: 3400:Half union ($ 50) 3352: 3351: 3088:Gold dollar ($ 1) 2936:Nova Constellatio 2815:Nova Constellatio 2805:Half dollar (50¢) 2559:Nova Constellatio 2157:Nova Constellatio 2071:978-0-7948-4506-3 2046:978-0-674-62840-3 2020:978-0-915262-68-7 1944:978-0-385-14207-6 1793:, pp. 48–49. 1317:flying eagle cent 1238: 1237: 872:in near pristine 574:James B. Longacre 566:Philadelphia Mint 489:twenty-cent piece 465:Bullion from the 388:James B. Longacre 368:three-cent silver 364: 363: 343:James B. Longacre 290:James B. Longacre 242:James B. Longacre 189:James B. Longacre 146:James B. Longacre 113:Philadelphia Mint 22:Three-cent silver 4827: 4627:Gold certificate 4260: 4253: 4246: 4237: 4236: 4218:Silver Proof Set 4206:Special Mint Set 4013: 4012: 4008: 4005: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3843: 3836: 3829: 3820: 3819: 3802:Brasher Doubloon 3727:Gold certificate 3644: 3643: 3586: 3585: 3485: 3478: 3471: 3462: 3461: 3448:bold and italics 3414: 3404: 3394: 3384: 3374: 3345: 3335: 3331:Quintuple Stella 3325: 3302: 3292: 3282: 3259: 3249: 3239: 3229: 3219: 3205:Half eagle ($ 5) 3196: 3175: 3165: 3155: 3145: 3135: 3112: 3102: 3084: 3083: 3070: 3060: 3052: 3042: 3039:Susan B. Anthony 3034: 3024: 3014: 3004: 2994: 2984: 2974: 2964: 2950: 2940: 2930: 2907: 2899: 2889: 2879: 2869: 2859: 2849: 2839: 2829: 2819: 2796: 2786: 2776: 2766: 2758: 2750: 2742: 2734: 2726: 2718: 2714:Standing Liberty 2708: 2698: 2688: 2678: 2655: 2632: 2622: 2612: 2602: 2592: 2582: 2572: 2541: 2531: 2521: 2511: 2501: 2491: 2481: 2471: 2461: 2451: 2423: 2413: 2403: 2389:Three cents (3¢) 2380: 2370: 2349: 2339: 2329: 2319: 2309: 2299: 2289: 2279: 2269: 2259: 2249: 2239: 2229: 2225:Fugio (Franklin) 2201: 2191: 2181: 2171: 2161: 2132: 2125: 2118: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2091: 2075: 2050: 2038: 2024: 2005: 1988: 1967: 1948: 1916: 1913:Flynn & Zack 1910: 1904: 1901:Flynn & Zack 1898: 1892: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1872: 1866: 1863:Flynn & Zack 1860: 1854: 1851:Flynn & Zack 1848: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1824: 1818: 1812: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1779:Flynn & Zack 1776: 1765: 1759: 1740: 1734: 1725: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1686: 1680: 1674: 1671:Flynn & Zack 1668: 1655: 1649: 1643: 1637: 1631: 1625: 1619: 1616:Flynn & Zack 1613: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1592:Flynn & Zack 1589: 1578: 1577:, pp. 5, 9. 1575:Flynn & Zack 1572: 1566: 1563:Flynn & Zack 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1515: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1491: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1453: 1447: 1441: 1435: 1429: 1423: 1417: 1411: 1402: 1399:Flynn & Zack 1396: 1385: 1379: 1373: 1367: 1358: 1352: 1333: 1326: 1320: 1313: 1307: 1300: 1285: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1271: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1257: 1252: 1251: 1250: 918: 917: 882: 871: 851: 847: 836: 832: 782:Ulysses S. Grant 611:Mint Act of 1837 604:New Orleans Mint 558:three-cent piece 530:Millard Fillmore 526:Orsamus Matteson 523: 522: 518: 321: 273: 220: 172: 129: 97:Years of minting 73:1851–1853, .750 24: 20: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4805: 4804: 4803: 4798: 4673: 4665: 4541:Forstall System 4535:Wildcat banking 4521: 4513: 4447:1792 half disme 4337: 4329: 4307:Bills of credit 4299: 4291: 4278: 4267:Monetary policy 4264: 4234: 4229: 4182: 4165:Palladium Eagle 4121: 4043: 4010: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3982: 3923:1¢ (large size) 3914: 3910: 3909: 3895: 3852: 3847: 3817: 3812: 3781: 3690: 3631: 3584: 3525: 3494: 3489: 3459: 3454: 3417: 3407: 3397: 3387: 3377: 3367: 3359: 3348: 3338: 3328: 3318: 3305: 3295: 3285: 3275: 3262: 3252: 3242: 3232: 3222: 3212: 3199: 3192:Indian Princess 3189: 3178: 3168: 3158: 3148: 3138: 3128: 3115: 3108:Indian Princess 3105: 3095: 3073: 3063: 3055: 3051:(2000–present) 3045: 3037: 3027: 3017: 3007: 2997: 2987: 2977: 2967: 2953: 2943: 2933: 2923: 2910: 2902: 2898:(1964–present) 2892: 2882: 2875:Walking Liberty 2872: 2862: 2852: 2842: 2832: 2822: 2812: 2799: 2789: 2779: 2769: 2761: 2753: 2745: 2737: 2729: 2721: 2711: 2701: 2691: 2681: 2671: 2658: 2648: 2635: 2631:(1946–present) 2625: 2615: 2605: 2595: 2585: 2575: 2565: 2544: 2540:(1938–present) 2534: 2524: 2514: 2504: 2494: 2484: 2474: 2464: 2454: 2444: 2435: 2426: 2416: 2406: 2396: 2383: 2373: 2363: 2352: 2348:(1909–present) 2342: 2332: 2322: 2312: 2302: 2292: 2282: 2272: 2262: 2252: 2242: 2232: 2222: 2213: 2204: 2194: 2184: 2174: 2164: 2154: 2141: 2136: 2099:of Our Lives". 2072: 2047: 2021: 1985: 1945: 1919: 1911: 1907: 1899: 1895: 1885: 1883: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1849: 1845: 1837: 1833: 1825: 1821: 1813: 1809: 1801: 1797: 1789: 1785: 1777: 1768: 1760: 1743: 1735: 1728: 1720: 1716: 1708: 1704: 1696: 1689: 1681: 1677: 1669: 1658: 1650: 1646: 1638: 1634: 1626: 1622: 1618:, pp. 8–9. 1614: 1610: 1602: 1598: 1590: 1581: 1573: 1569: 1561: 1557: 1549: 1545: 1535: 1533: 1516: 1512: 1504: 1500: 1492: 1485: 1477: 1473: 1465: 1456: 1448: 1444: 1436: 1432: 1424: 1420: 1412: 1405: 1397: 1388: 1380: 1376: 1368: 1361: 1353: 1346: 1337: 1336: 1327: 1323: 1314: 1310: 1301: 1297: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1243: 893: 880: 869: 849: 845: 839:Louis Eliasberg 834: 830: 816: 799: 773:George Boutwell 751:Salmon P. Chase 727: 687: 655: 650: 620: 547: 520: 516: 515: 463: 424: 326: 325: 324: 323: 322: 225: 224: 223: 222: 221: 29: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4833: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4704: 4698: 4693: 4685: 4677: 4675: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4644:Two-cent piece 4641: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4623:(1863–c. 1930) 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4583: 4577: 4572: 4566: 4561: 4555: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4525: 4523: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4484: 4478: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4421: 4415: 4414:(1789–present) 4409: 4408: 4407: 4396: 4395: 4394: 4389: 4378: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4348: 4341: 4339: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4321: 4316: 4310: 4309:(c. 1690–1750) 4303: 4301: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4263: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4240: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4202:(1947–present) 4197: 4196:(1936–present) 4190: 4188: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4180: 4179:(2015–present) 4174: 4168: 4167:(2017–present) 4162: 4156: 4155:(2006–present) 4150: 4149:(1997–present) 4147:Platinum Eagle 4144: 4143:(1986–present) 4138: 4137:(1986–present) 4131: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4053: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 3998: 3992: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3905: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3862: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3846: 3845: 3838: 3831: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3656: 3650: 3648: 3641: 3637: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3592: 3590: 3583: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3555:Two-cent piece 3552: 3546: 3540: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3495: 3488: 3487: 3480: 3473: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3443: 3440: 3433: 3430: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3415: 3405: 3395: 3385: 3375: 3364: 3362: 3358:Other canceled 3354: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3336: 3326: 3315: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3303: 3293: 3283: 3272: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3260: 3250: 3240: 3230: 3220: 3209: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3197: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3166: 3156: 3146: 3136: 3125: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3113: 3103: 3092: 3090: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3071: 3061: 3053: 3043: 3035: 3025: 3015: 3005: 2995: 2985: 2980:Seated Liberty 2975: 2965: 2951: 2941: 2931: 2920: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2900: 2890: 2880: 2870: 2860: 2855:Seated Liberty 2850: 2840: 2830: 2820: 2809: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2787: 2777: 2767: 2759: 2751: 2743: 2735: 2727: 2719: 2709: 2699: 2694:Seated Liberty 2689: 2679: 2668: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2656: 2651:Seated Liberty 2645: 2643: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2633: 2623: 2613: 2603: 2598:Seated Liberty 2593: 2583: 2573: 2563: 2554: 2552: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2542: 2532: 2522: 2512: 2502: 2497:Seated Liberty 2492: 2482: 2472: 2462: 2452: 2441: 2439: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2424: 2414: 2404: 2393: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2371: 2360: 2358: 2357:Two cents (2¢) 2354: 2353: 2351: 2350: 2340: 2330: 2320: 2310: 2300: 2290: 2280: 2270: 2260: 2250: 2240: 2230: 2219: 2217: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2202: 2192: 2182: 2172: 2162: 2151: 2149: 2147:Half cent (5₥) 2143: 2142: 2135: 2134: 2127: 2120: 2112: 2106: 2105: 2092: 2077: 2076: 2070: 2051: 2045: 2025: 2019: 2006: 1989: 1983: 1968: 1949: 1943: 1918: 1917: 1905: 1893: 1867: 1865:, p. 138. 1855: 1843: 1831: 1829:, p. 243. 1819: 1817:, p. 295. 1807: 1795: 1783: 1766: 1741: 1726: 1714: 1712:, p. 273. 1702: 1700:, p. 130. 1687: 1675: 1656: 1644: 1642:, p. 123. 1632: 1620: 1608: 1596: 1579: 1567: 1565:, p. 155. 1555: 1543: 1510: 1508:, p. 191. 1498: 1496:, p. 109. 1483: 1471: 1469:, p. 271. 1454: 1452:, p. 108. 1442: 1430: 1418: 1403: 1386: 1374: 1359: 1343: 1335: 1334: 1321: 1308: 1294: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1272: 1258: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1004: 1001: 999: 997: 993: 992: 989: 987: 985: 981: 980: 977: 975: 973: 969: 968: 965: 963: 961: 957: 956: 953: 951: 948: 944: 943: 940: 938: 936: 932: 931: 928: 925: 922: 916: 915: 912: 892: 889: 815: 812: 798: 795: 791:Joseph Wharton 758:two-cent piece 747:postage stamps 726: 723: 686: 683: 654: 651: 649: 646: 622:Art historian 619: 616: 570:Franklin Peale 546: 543: 462: 459: 423: 420: 362: 361: 358: 354: 353: 350: 346: 345: 340: 336: 335: 332: 328: 327: 316: 315: 314: 313: 312: 309: 308: 305: 301: 300: 297: 293: 292: 287: 283: 282: 279: 275: 274: 266: 265: 261: 260: 257: 253: 252: 249: 245: 244: 239: 235: 234: 231: 227: 226: 215: 214: 213: 212: 211: 208: 207: 204: 200: 199: 196: 192: 191: 186: 182: 181: 178: 174: 173: 165: 164: 161: 157: 156: 153: 149: 148: 143: 139: 138: 135: 131: 130: 122: 121: 117: 116: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 87: 83: 82: 71: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 47: 43: 42: 37:3 cents (0.03 35: 31: 30: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4832: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4769:Treasury Note 4767: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4536: 4533: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4519:Civil War Era 4516: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4464:Treasury Note 4462: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4325: 4324:Currency Acts 4322: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4261: 4256: 4254: 4249: 4247: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4185: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4049:Commemorative 4046: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3839: 3837: 3832: 3830: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3602:Quarter eagle 3600: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3474: 3472: 3467: 3466: 3463: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3413:(not minted) 3412: 3411: 3410:Union ($ 100) 3406: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3386: 3383:(not minted) 3382: 3381: 3376: 3373:(not minted) 3372: 3371: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3360:denominations 3355: 3343: 3342: 3341:Saint-Gaudens 3337: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3216: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3153: 3152: 3147: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3133: 3132: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3110: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3099: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3006: 3002: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2876: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2846: 2841: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2793: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2664:Quarter (25¢) 2661: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2378: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2367: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2336: 2331: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2236: 2235:Silver center 2231: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2133: 2128: 2126: 2121: 2119: 2114: 2113: 2110: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2073: 2067: 2063: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1984:0-943161-12-6 1980: 1976: 1975: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1950: 1946: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1923: 1915:, p. 17. 1914: 1909: 1903:, p. 52. 1902: 1897: 1881: 1877: 1871: 1864: 1859: 1852: 1847: 1841:, p. 18. 1840: 1835: 1828: 1823: 1816: 1811: 1804: 1799: 1792: 1787: 1781:, p. 10. 1780: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1763: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1739:, p. 54. 1738: 1733: 1731: 1723: 1718: 1711: 1706: 1699: 1694: 1692: 1684: 1679: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1654:, p. 14. 1653: 1648: 1641: 1636: 1629: 1624: 1617: 1612: 1605: 1600: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1576: 1571: 1564: 1559: 1553:, p. 38. 1552: 1547: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1514: 1507: 1502: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1480: 1475: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1451: 1446: 1439: 1434: 1427: 1422: 1416:, p. 53. 1415: 1410: 1408: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1383: 1378: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1344: 1342: 1341: 1331: 1325: 1318: 1312: 1305: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1284: 1273: 1270: 1259: 1256: 1245: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1026: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1002: 1000: 998: 995: 994: 990: 988: 986: 983: 982: 978: 976: 974: 971: 970: 966: 964: 962: 959: 958: 954: 952: 949: 946: 945: 941: 939: 937: 934: 933: 929: 926: 923: 920: 919: 913: 910: 909: 908: 906: 902: 898: 888: 886: 885:G-4 condition 877: 875: 867: 863: 859: 855: 842: 840: 828: 827: 822: 811: 809: 805: 794: 792: 787: 783: 779: 774: 769: 767: 763: 759: 754: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 731: 722: 720: 719:gold standard 714: 712: 708: 704: 699: 697: 696:James Guthrie 693: 682: 680: 679:silver dollar 674: 670: 668: 659: 645: 643: 636: 633: 627: 625: 615: 612: 607: 605: 601: 597: 593: 592:Thomas Corwin 590: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 559: 555: 551: 541: 536: 533: 531: 527: 513: 509: 508:pattern coins 505: 501: 500:Samuel Vinton 497: 492: 490: 485: 480: 477: 473: 472:quarter eagle 468: 458: 456: 452: 448: 444: 439: 437: 433: 429: 426:Although the 419: 416: 412: 407: 404: 400: 395: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 359: 355: 351: 347: 344: 341: 337: 334:Types 2 and 3 333: 329: 320: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 291: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 267: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 243: 240: 236: 232: 228: 219: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 190: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 147: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 123: 118: 114: 110: 107: 103: 99: 95: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 28:United States 25: 19: 4754: 4706: 4687: 4680: 4605:(1863; 1864) 4557: 4529:Free banking 4486: 4481:Suffolk Bank 4387:Section VIII 4326:(1751; 1764) 4224:Prestige Set 4212:Souvenir Set 4187:Special sets 4153:Gold Buffalo 4135:Silver Eagle 3932: 3626:Double eagle 3566: 3447: 3446: 3436: 3426: 3408: 3398: 3393:(1879–1880) 3390:Stella ($ 4) 3388: 3378: 3368: 3344:(1907–1933) 3339: 3329: 3321:Liberty Head 3319: 3301:(1907–1933) 3296: 3291:(1838–1907) 3288:Liberty Head 3286: 3281:(1795–1804) 3276: 3268:Eagle ($ 10) 3258:(1908–1929) 3253: 3248:(1839–1908) 3245:Liberty Head 3243: 3238:(1834–1838) 3235:Classic Head 3233: 3228:(1808–1834) 3223: 3218:(1795–1807) 3213: 3195:(1854–1889) 3190: 3174:(1908–1929) 3169: 3164:(1840–1907) 3161:Liberty Head 3159: 3154:(1834–1839) 3151:Classic Head 3149: 3144:(1808–1834) 3139: 3134:(1796–1807) 3129: 3111:(1854–1889) 3106: 3101:(1849–1854) 3098:Liberty Head 3096: 3069:(2018–2032) 3064: 3057:Presidential 3046: 3033:(1975–1976) 3028: 3023:(1971–1978) 3018: 3008: 2998: 2993:(1873–1885) 2988: 2983:(1840–1873) 2978: 2973:(1836–1839) 2968: 2954: 2949:(1794–1795) 2946:Flowing Hair 2944: 2934: 2924: 2916:Dollar ($ 1) 2906:(1975–1976) 2893: 2888:(1948–1963) 2883: 2878:(1916–1947) 2873: 2868:(1892–1915) 2863: 2858:(1839–1891) 2853: 2848:(1807–1839) 2843: 2838:(1796–1807) 2833: 2828:(1794–1795) 2825:Flowing Hair 2823: 2813: 2795:(2027–2030) 2791: 2790: 2781: 2780: 2775:(2022–2025) 2770: 2757:(2010–2021) 2741:(1999–2008) 2733:(1975–1976) 2725:(1932–1998) 2717:(1916–1930) 2712: 2707:(1892–1916) 2702: 2697:(1838–1891) 2692: 2687:(1815–1838) 2682: 2677:(1796–1807) 2672: 2654:(1875–1878) 2649: 2626: 2621:(1916–1945) 2616: 2611:(1892–1916) 2606: 2601:(1837–1891) 2596: 2591:(1809–1837) 2586: 2581:(1796–1807) 2576: 2566: 2557: 2535: 2530:(1913–1938) 2525: 2520:(1883–1913) 2517:Liberty Head 2515: 2510:(1866–1883) 2505: 2500:(1837–1873) 2495: 2485: 2480:(1829–1837) 2475: 2465: 2460:(1794–1795) 2457:Flowing Hair 2455: 2445: 2422:(1865–1889) 2417: 2407: 2402:(1851–1873) 2398: 2397: 2374: 2364: 2343: 2333: 2325:Flying Eagle 2323: 2313: 2305:Braided Hair 2303: 2298:(1816–1839) 2293: 2288:(1808–1814) 2285:Classic Head 2283: 2278:(1796–1807) 2273: 2268:(1793–1796) 2263: 2253: 2243: 2233: 2223: 2200:(1840–1857) 2197:Braided Hair 2195: 2187:Classic Head 2185: 2175: 2165: 2155: 2100: 2096: 2087: 2079: 2078: 2058: 2055:Yeoman, R.S. 2034: 2010: 1993: 1973: 1954: 1934: 1926: 1925: 1922:Bibliography 1921: 1920: 1908: 1896: 1884:. Retrieved 1870: 1858: 1853:, p. 5. 1846: 1834: 1822: 1810: 1798: 1786: 1717: 1705: 1678: 1673:, p. 9. 1647: 1635: 1623: 1611: 1599: 1594:, p. 8. 1570: 1558: 1546: 1534:. Retrieved 1523: 1513: 1501: 1474: 1445: 1433: 1421: 1401:, p. 7. 1377: 1339: 1338: 1329: 1324: 1311: 1298: 1289: 1288: 1255:Money portal 904: 900: 894: 878: 865: 861: 857: 853: 843: 824: 821:R. S. Yeoman 817: 800: 770: 755: 732: 728: 715: 700: 688: 675: 671: 667:Walter Breen 664: 641: 638: 629: 621: 608: 586: 563: 554:Pattern coin 538: 534: 512:William Duer 493: 481: 464: 440: 432:half dollars 425: 408: 403:legal tender 396: 375: 371: 367: 365: 91:troy oz 18: 4789:(1909–1912) 4771:(1890–1891) 4751:(1879–1907) 4745:(1878–1964) 4733:(1875–1878) 4720:Free silver 4708:Knox v. Lee 4703:(1870–1875) 4674:(1870–1914) 4652:(1865–1889) 4646:(1864–1873) 4635:(1863–1864) 4629:(1863–1933) 4617:(1863–1913) 4611:(1863–1865) 4599:(1862–1876) 4593:(1862–1971) 4582:(1861–1862) 4580:Demand Note 4571:(1853–1863) 4560:(1851–1873) 4549:(1846–1913) 4543:(1842–1865) 4537:(1836–1865) 4531:(1836–1865) 4522:(1840–1870) 4503:, 1832–1836 4497:, 1829–1842 4483:, 1818–1858 4477:, 1816–1836 4466:(1812–1913) 4460:(1793–1857) 4454:(1793–1857) 4443:(1792–1873) 4431:(1792–1873) 4420:(1791–1811) 4403:1789–1913; 4385:1787–1788; 4377:(1781–1791) 4371:(1781–1785) 4365:(1780–1781) 4359:(1775–1779) 4347:(1776–1780) 4338:(1760–1840) 4300:(1607–1760) 4226:(1983–1997) 4214:(1972–1998) 4208:(1964–1967) 4173:(2010–2021) 4019:3¢ (bronze) 3996:2¢ (billon) 3943:5¢ (silver) 3938:3¢ (nickel) 3933:3¢ (silver) 3858:Circulating 3717:Demand Note 3622:(1795–1933) 3616:(1795–1929) 3610:(1854–1889) 3604:(1796–1929) 3598:(1849–1889) 3596:Gold dollar 3581:(1875–1878) 3575:(1792–1873) 3569:(1851–1873) 3563:(1865–1889) 3557:(1864–1873) 3551:(1793–1857) 3545:(1793–1857) 3298:Indian Head 3278:Capped Bust 3255:Indian Head 3225:Capped Bust 3215:Draped Bust 3171:Indian Head 3141:Capped Bust 3131:Draped Bust 2956:Draped Bust 2845:Capped Bust 2835:Draped Bust 2684:Capped Bust 2674:Draped Bust 2588:Capped Bust 2578:Draped Bust 2477:Capped Bust 2467:Draped Bust 2437:nickel (5¢) 2335:Indian Head 2295:Matron Head 2275:Draped Bust 2265:Liberty Cap 2190:(1809–1836) 2180:(1800–1808) 2177:Draped Bust 2170:(1793–1797) 2167:Liberty Cap 979:11,400,000 967:18,663,500 876:condition. 784:signed the 703:proof coins 578:Liberty cap 545:Preparation 532:signed it. 476:gold dollar 349:Design date 296:Design date 248:Design date 195:Design date 152:Design date 70:Composition 4809:Categories 4458:Large cent 4141:Gold Eagle 3953:$ 1 (gold) 3614:Half eagle 3589:Gold coins 3549:Large cent 3537:Half disme 3429:) Obsolete 3020:Eisenhower 2550:Dime (10¢) 2487:Washington 2447:Half disme 2215:penny (1¢) 2210:Large cent 2088:Coin World 1525:Coin World 1040:1,603,700 1027:1,042,000 1015:1,458,000 942:5,447,400 924:Mint mark 814:Collecting 711:proof sets 648:Production 600:seignorage 498:chairman, 436:bimetallic 422:Background 384:proof coin 105:Mint marks 57:14 mm 39:US dollars 4452:Half cent 4441:Half dime 4392:Section X 4194:Proof Set 3808:Funnyback 3573:Half dime 3543:Half cent 3048:Sacagawea 2628:Roosevelt 2537:Jefferson 2432:Half dime 2002:770720399 1886:March 30, 1839:Goldstein 1803:Carothers 1722:Carothers 1683:Carothers 1652:Goldstein 1640:Carothers 1628:Carothers 1604:Carothers 1494:Carothers 1450:Carothers 1426:Carothers 1382:Carothers 1370:Carothers 1340:Citations 897:mint mark 835:$ 172,500 797:Aftermath 735:civil war 709:made the 560:in silver 461:Inception 455:half dime 100:1851–1873 4501:Bank War 4275:pre–1913 4200:Mint Set 3988:Canceled 3901:Obsolete 3640:Currency 3432:Canceled 2970:Gobrecht 2885:Franklin 2080:Journals 2057:(2017). 2031:(1971). 1880:Archived 1878:. PCGS. 1536:July 17, 1530:Archived 1506:Vermeule 1092:343,000 1079:497,000 1066:286,000 1053:364,200 1003:139,000 991:671,000 955:720,000 883:in worn 870:$ 11,000 831:$ 12,000 339:Designer 286:Designer 238:Designer 185:Designer 142:Designer 54:Diameter 4437:(1792–) 4353:(1775–) 4127:Bullion 4009:⁄ 3913:⁄ 3790:Related 3427:italics 3403:(1877) 3334:(1879) 2939:(1783) 2929:(1776) 2895:Kennedy 2818:(1783) 2785:(2026) 2765:(2021) 2749:(2009) 2618:Mercury 2571:(1792) 2450:(1792) 2412:(1863) 2369:(1836) 2345:Lincoln 2258:(1793) 2248:(1793) 2238:(1792) 2228:(1787) 1964:8109299 1144:22,000 1118:12,000 1105:21,000 927:Proofs 850:$ 2,000 692:quarter 632:obverse 519:⁄ 264:Reverse 120:Obverse 77:, .250 4795:(1913) 4783:(1908) 4777:(1900) 4765:(1890) 4759:(1884) 4739:(1878) 4727:(1875) 4711:(1871) 4692:(1870) 4491:, 1819 4315:(1730) 3804:(1787) 3539:(1792) 3499:Topics 3000:Morgan 2959:(1795– 2865:Barber 2704:Barber 2608:Barber 2562:(1783) 2507:Shield 2399:Silver 2376:Bronze 2366:Billon 2255:Wreath 2160:(1783) 2068: 2043: 2017: 2000: 1981: 1962: 1941: 1762:Yeoman 1737:Julian 1698:Yeoman 1414:Julian 1222:1,000 1209:3,400 1196:3,000 1193:1,000 1183:4,500 1170:3,500 1157:4,000 1131:8,000 1076:1,000 1063:1,000 766:nickel 618:Design 596:relief 331:Design 281:Type 1 278:Design 233:Type 3 230:Design 180:Type 2 177:Design 137:Type 1 134:Design 86:Silver 79:copper 75:silver 4117:2020s 4112:2010s 4107:2000s 4102:1990s 4097:1980s 4092:1970s 4087:1950s 4082:1940s 4077:1930s 4072:1920s 4067:1910s 4062:1900s 4057:1800s 4039:$ 100 3958:$ 2.5 3620:Eagle 3530:Coins 3010:Peace 2990:Trade 2568:Disme 2245:Chain 2101:Coins 2097:Trime 1927:Books 1827:Breen 1815:Breen 1710:Breen 1479:Taxay 1467:Breen 1438:Taxay 1355:Taxay 1304:Taxay 1290:Notes 1227:1873 1214:1872 1201:1871 1188:1870 1175:1869 1162:1868 1149:1867 1136:1866 1123:1865 1110:1864 1097:1863 1084:1862 1071:1861 1058:1860 1045:1859 1032:1858 1020:1857 1008:1856 996:1855 984:1854 972:1853 960:1852 947:1851 935:1851 921:Year 874:MS-66 846:$ 825 447:cents 376:trime 65:plain 34:Value 4269:and 4034:$ 50 3978:$ 20 3973:$ 10 3437:bold 3079:Gold 2961:1804 2315:Ring 2066:ISBN 2041:ISBN 2015:ISBN 1998:OCLC 1979:ISBN 1960:OCLC 1939:ISBN 1888:2015 1538:2016 1232:600 1219:950 1206:960 1180:600 1167:600 1154:625 1141:725 1128:500 1115:470 1102:460 1089:550 1050:800 1037:210 895:The 881:$ 40 848:and 745:and 453:and 451:dime 366:The 360:1873 352:1854 307:1853 299:1851 259:1873 251:1859 206:1858 198:1854 163:1853 155:1851 62:Edge 46:Mass 4029:$ 4 4024:$ 2 3968:$ 5 3963:$ 3 3948:20¢ 3891:$ 1 3886:50¢ 3881:25¢ 3876:10¢ 2434:and 2212:and 901:III 823:'s 642:III 374:or 4811:: 3928:2¢ 3871:5¢ 3866:1¢ 2963:) 1769:^ 1744:^ 1729:^ 1690:^ 1659:^ 1582:^ 1528:. 1522:. 1486:^ 1457:^ 1406:^ 1389:^ 1362:^ 1347:^ 950:O 810:. 394:. 4277:) 4273:( 4259:e 4252:t 4245:v 4014:¢ 4011:2 4007:1 4004:+ 4002:2 3918:¢ 3915:2 3911:1 3842:e 3835:t 3828:v 3484:e 3477:t 3470:v 3445:( 3435:( 3425:( 2131:e 2124:t 2117:v 2074:. 2049:. 2023:. 2004:. 1987:. 1966:. 1947:. 1890:. 1540:. 1332:" 1330:3 1319:. 905:C 866:3 862:3 858:3 854:3 521:2 517:1 109:O 41:)

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Index