367:
38:
1252:
1240:
1228:
534:(present-day Tekovská Breznica, Slovakia) was seized and destroyed by digging a tunnel under the castle walls in late 1311. Matthew Csák caused a damage of 15,000 marks to the archdiocese during these attacks. The oligarch threatened to besiege Esztergom in the spring of 1312; as Charles I dealt with the neutralization of the
584:, alleging procedural irregularities. The king, as the patron of the Diocese of Vác, also protested against the person of Nicholas. Pope Clement instructed Thomas to suspend the provost from office and summon him before the Roman Curia. Thomas also took part in the 1317 war against Matthew Csák. After the capture of
439:(present-day Dvory nad Žitavou, Slovakia) in May 1307. There, he renewed the excommunication of those barons, clergymen and towns, who did not acknowledge Charles as their king. Thomas called all the subjects of the realm to obey the king's commandments, otherwise he was ready to place the whole kingdom under
404:
in 1309. Otto was never able to strengthen his position in
Hungary, because only the Kőszegis supported him. Accompanying with Thomas and his troops, Charles seized Esztergom and many fortresses in the northern parts of Hungary (now in Slovakia) in the autumn of 1306. Thomas marched into his emptied
520:
on 8 April 1310, on the conditions of return of the crown. Ladislaus Kán finally agreed to give the Holy Crown to
Charles. On 27 August 1310, Archbishop Thomas put the Holy Crown on Charles' head in Székesfehérvár; thus, Charles' third coronation was performed in full accordance with customary
362:
on 9 October 1305. Thomas unsuccessfully attempt to prevent his coronation with the Holy Crown in Székesfehérvár on 6 December 1305, which was performed by two bishops, although customary law authorized the
Archbishop of Esztergom to perform the ceremony. Thereafter Thomas proclaimed the
529:
Despite his valid coronation, Charles' rule remained nominal in most parts of his kingdom. For instance, Matthew Csák continued to expand the borders of his domains and occupied several castles in the northern part of the kingdom. He surprisingly laid siege Buda in June 1311, then
Charles sent an
322:(today Bratislava, Slovakia), where he died soon around September. The negotiations with the local lords convinced Wenceslaus II that his son's position in Hungary had dramatically weakened. Accordingly, he decided to take his son back to Bohemia, who did not renounce Hungary and made
234:. Returning home in 1293, he was appointed grand provost of Esztergom, holding the dignity at least until 1303. Following Lodomer's death in January 1298, Thomas became an advocate of the claim of Charles of Anjou to the Hungarian throne. At the turn of 1301 and 1302, papal legate
346:, restoring the dignity for the archbishopric after five years. According to a document, Thomas only recently returned to Hungary from his visit to the papal court, which reinforces the assumption that his election was a mere formality and was appointed to office by
547:
to the province, where they arbitrated an agreement between
Amadeus' widow and sons and the town, which also prescribed that the Abas withdraw from two counties and allow the noblemen inhabiting their domains to freely join Charles. Thereafter Thomas resided in
499:
on 27 November 1308, which elected
Charles king. Gentile and Thomas convoked the synod of the Hungarian prelates, who declared the monarch inviolable in December 1308. In preparation for the coronation, they also urged the Transylvanian oligarch
613:
in 1319 and 1320, defending their interests in various lawsuits. Despite the disagreements, Thomas remained a strong pillar of
Charles' reign until his death in the first half of 1321. A wall-painting from 1317 in
538:
dominion, Thomas was forced to ask for peace from
Matthew and abandoned most of the claims for damages in early March. Meanwhile, Thomas was also active in the case of the Aba dominion: after the burghers of
595:
However, Thomas strongly opposed the peace with
Matthew Csák. After Charles neglected to reclaim Church property that Matthew Csák had seized by force, the prelates of the realm – archbishops Thomas,
472:
before the papal curia, because of his involvement in the coronation of Otto, and to proclaim the papal judgment that
Charles is the rightful Hungarian king. Pope Clement V sent his papal legate,
530:
army to invade Matthew Csák's domains in September, but it achieved nothing. Thereafter the oligarch constantly pillaged the possessions of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. One of its castles,
599:
and their eleven suffragans – made an alliance in early 1318 against all who would jeopardize their interests. Upon their demand, Charles held a Diet in summer, but refused to confirm the
258:
480:, when he arrived in the summer of 1308. Thomas contributed to the costs of the legate's activities with 431 Buda marks until the autumn of 1311 (the expected amount was 603 marks).
338:
troops. Residing in Székesfehérvár, the cathedral chapter of Esztergom elected Thomas as their new archbishop-in-exile sometimes before 17 February 1305. He also bore the title of
504:, who captured Otto, to hand over the Holy Crown to Charles, but he refused to do so. As a result, Thomas crowned Charles king with a newly prepared and consecrated crown in the
572:
made his final testament at the local Franciscan friary, and Thomas presented the document on 11 March. At the turn of 1311 and 1312, Thomas refused to confirm the election of
639:
508:
in Buda on 15 or 16 June 1309. However, most Hungarians regarded the ceremony invalid. After that Gentile excommunicated Ladislaus Kán. Thereafter Thomas, alongside
1292:
588:(now Komárno in Slovakia) on 3 November 1317, Charles concluded a short-lived peace with the oligarch. One of the proofs of this is that Thomas issued a charter in
556:(Spiš) region. However, the Abas soon entered into an alliance with Matthew Csák against the king. Alongside other lords and prelates, Thomas participated with his
358:– for their crimes against the burghers of Esztergom in July 1305. Wenceslaus who had succeeded his father in Bohemia renounced his claim to Hungary in favor of
615:
43:
666:(present-day Podolínec, Hniezdne and Stará Ľubovňa in Slovakia, respectively), even though they belonged to the diocese of Kraków, as he claimed.
603:. Before the end of the year, the prelates made a complaint against Charles because he had taken possession of Church property. Thomas acted as
164:
464:. An assembly of Charles' partisans confirmed Charles' claim to the throne on 10 October 1307, and authorized archbishops Thomas and
186:, whom he has supported in his unification war against the provincial lords. He crowned Charles twice, in June 1309 and August 1310.
1124:
Solymosi, László; Körmendi, Adrienne (1981). "A középkori magyar állam virágzása és bukása, 1301–1506 ". In Solymosi, László (ed.).
488:
647:
468:
to excommunicate those who raise objections to the decision. Meanwhile, Pope Clement also ordered the two archbishops to summon
1302:
1297:
1114:
318:
and looted its treasury, in addition to the destruction of diplomas and holy relics. Michael fled his archbishopric seat for
380:
on 31 January 1306. Prior to this, Thomas borrowed a lot of money to achieve this goal. According to his promissory note (
1282:
1082:
Kádár, Tamás (2017). "Harcban a koronáért. (II.) I. Károly (Róbert) király uralkodásának 1306–1310 közötti szakasza ".
431:, but renovation works lasted for decades, surpassing his archiepiscopal tenure. Thomas convoked a provincial synod to
261:, the Archbishop of Kalocsa, to represent the interests of Charles against the rival claimant Wenceslaus. As a result,
552:(today Levoča, Slovakia) until January 1312, where he negotiated with the Abas about the transfer of three castles in
1287:
1135:
1072:
1024:
351:
568:(today Trnava, Slovakia) from Matthew Csák in early 1313. There lying on his deathbed, an elderly baron and soldier
491:
Monastery of Kékes on 10 November 1308. The archbishop presided that general diet in the presence of Gentile in the
630:) depicts the 1310 coronation of Charles, including the figure of Thomas with the Holy Crown, alongside Charles I,
219:
282:
94:
465:
543:(now Košice in Slovakia) assassinated Amadeus Aba in September 1311, Charles sent his two envoys, Thomas and
473:
414:
1272:
469:
314:
to crown his namesake son as king, but he refused the threat. Following that the Bohemian troops stormed
423:
Nicholas contested the appointment and usurped the position and its revenues. Thomas excommunicated the
1218:
363:
excommunication of Otto's followers, while Pope Clement V declared the invalidity of the coronation.
359:
247:
203:
307:
243:
1198:
285:
in the first half of 1304. He first appears in this capacity in a royal charter on 12 June 1304.
179:
29:
202:. Due to his uncle's influence and intervention, by 1291, Thomas elevated into the provostry of
1181:
605:
573:
619:
513:
419:
405:
seat with his army, which has been plundered and destroyed in recent years. Thomas appointed
327:
199:
47:
1208:
663:
651:
84:
1277:
183:
1037:(1988). "Az ország újraegyesítése. I. Károly küzdelmei az oligarchák ellen (1310–1323) ".
531:
501:
432:
8:
1109:(in Hungarian). Pécsi Tudományegyetem BTK TTI Középkori és Koraújkori Történeti Tanszék.
600:
366:
215:
144:
569:
484:
355:
1244:
623:
577:
451:
in June 1307, Thomas captured and imprisoned those local pro-Wenceslaus clergymen, who
428:
262:
239:
175:
156:
596:
406:
1131:
1110:
1091:
1068:
1046:
1020:
561:
654:, exercised unjustifiably ecclesiastical authority over the Catholic communities of
436:
410:
335:
1232:
460:
455:
343:
235:
581:
1159:
1149:
610:
592:(present-day Topoľčany, Slovakia), the ancient land of the Csáks in August 1318.
505:
492:
413:
at the end of 1306 after the canons did not reach a consensus. However the local
339:
278:
274:
270:
230:
on 3 June 1291, according to a university record. There he obtained the title of
544:
323:
1256:
635:
589:
347:
132:
198:, the Archbishop of Esztergom from 1279 to 1298, who was a loyal supporter of
1266:
1095:
1050:
631:
560:
in the royal campaign, which consisted of successful sieges and the decisive
496:
299:
207:
1191:
564:
in the summer of 1312. Thomas was also present, when Charles' army captured
483:
Thomas was present, when Gentile negotiated with the most powerful oligarch
311:
74:
1105:
A Magyar Királyság és a Szentszék kapcsolata I. Károly korában (1301–1342)
303:
1058:
1034:
655:
535:
509:
452:
397:
277:
if he continued to style himself king of Hungary. Following the death of
37:
319:
139:
585:
557:
440:
427:
from the church in 1307. Thomas borrowed money in 1307 to repair the
315:
211:
111:
549:
540:
1239:
659:
266:
223:
194:
Thomas was born into an illustrious family. His maternal uncle was
857:
855:
818:
816:
814:
812:
447:
against the treacherous barons. After Charles' partisans occupied
650:
complained to the Holy See in 1324 that Thomas and his successor
444:
376:
195:
171:
122:
553:
458:
prior to that. The priests died in his prison, according to the
326:
governor before leaving for Bohemia in August. He even took the
942:
852:
809:
643:
565:
517:
477:
385:
331:
257:
in early 1303, alongside other prelates with the leadership of
1126:
Magyarország történeti kronológiája, I: a kezdetektől 1526-ig
227:
448:
254:
1067:(in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete.
1013:
Beke, Margit (2003). "II. Tamás ". In Beke, Margit (ed.).
1063:
Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I.
1019:(in Hungarian). Szent István Társulat. pp. 145–151.
954:
273:
on 31 May 1303, and also threatened Wenceslaus with
1084:
Történeti Tanulmányok. Acta Universitatis Debreceniensis
930:
896:
894:
763:
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759:
879:
1216:
990:
918:
746:
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742:
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678:
374:
Pope Clement confirmed Thomas' election and sent his
906:
891:
867:
840:
828:
773:
756:
725:
1130:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 188–228.
978:
966:
797:
785:
476:, to Hungary. Charles I and Thomas welcomed him in
1293:14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Hungary
737:
710:
698:
675:
384:) from February 1306, he had to pay 2,000 golden
298:In the summer of 1304, the Bohemian army invaded
1264:
1123:
948:
861:
822:
400:. Thomas paid 50 golden florins as part of his
178:in the first half of the 14th century. He was
182:between 1305 and 1321. He was a confidant of
214:. Thereafter Lodomer sent his nephew to the
1045:(1–2). Magyar Történelmi Társulat: 89–146.
36:
306:(present-day Štúrovo in Slovakia). There
365:
265:, who regarded Hungary as a fief of the
42:Contemporary depiction of Thomas in the
334:. Thereafter Esztergom was held by the
1265:
1102:
996:
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834:
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1012:
984:
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293:
13:
524:
14:
1314:
516:, negotiated with the voivode in
1250:
1238:
1226:
354:the Kőszegi brothers – Ivan and
281:, Thomas was elected provost of
189:
269:, declared Charles the lawful
1:
1303:14th-century Hungarian clergy
1298:13th-century Hungarian people
1015:Esztergomi érsekek 1001–2003
669:
474:Gentile Portino da Montefiore
288:
949:Solymosi & Körmendi 1981
862:Solymosi & Körmendi 1981
823:Solymosi & Körmendi 1981
226:. Thomas already resided in
7:
206:(lit. "Saint Thomas" after
10:
1319:
1283:University of Padua alumni
1005:
1205:
1196:
1188:
1178:
1172:Provost of Székesfehérvár
1169:
1155:
1148:
609:of the Dominican nuns of
470:Anthony, Bishop of Csanád
360:Otto III, Duke of Bavaria
138:
128:
118:
105:
100:
95:Provost of Székesfehérvár
90:
80:
70:
62:
54:
35:
28:
21:
1288:Archbishops of Esztergom
640:Henry, Provost of Szepes
417:Henry Kőszegi's protege
308:Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
1199:Archbishop of Esztergom
642:. Following his death,
310:called upon Archbishop
180:Archbishop of Esztergom
30:Archbishop of Esztergom
1150:Catholic Church titles
1103:Maléth, Ágnes (2020).
627:
371:
160:
616:St Martin's Cathedral
461:Illuminated Chronicle
369:
328:Holy Crown of Hungary
210:), which laid nearby
200:Andrew III of Hungary
44:St Martin's Cathedral
184:Charles I of Hungary
1273:12th-century births
963:, pp. 99, 123.
939:, pp. 119–120.
601:Golden Bull of 1222
453:even excommunicated
370:1307 seal of Thomas
238:sent Thomas to the
216:University of Padua
170:– died 1321) was a
145:University of Padua
506:Church of Our Lady
372:
263:Pope Boniface VIII
250:, Charles' rival.
244:King Wenceslaus II
242:to negotiate with
240:Kingdom of Bohemia
176:Kingdom of Hungary
1215:
1214:
1206:Succeeded by
1182:John Bogátradvány
1179:Succeeded by
1165:
1116:978-963-429-500-6
888:, pp. 97–98.
576:, the provost of
562:Battle of Rozgony
402:servitium commune
390:servitium commune
350:himself. vThomas
294:Charles' partisan
236:Niccolò Boccasini
150:
149:
16:Hungarian prelate
1310:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1242:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1203:1305–1321
1189:Preceded by
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1166:
1163:
1156:Preceded by
1146:
1145:
1141:
1120:
1099:
1086:(in Hungarian).
1078:
1054:
1041:(in Hungarian).
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988:
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976:
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952:
946:
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916:
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648:Bishop of Kraków
620:Spišská Kapitula
570:Egidius Monoszló
456:Pope Benedict XI
344:Esztergom County
330:with himself to
302:and encamped at
169:
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101:Personal details
48:Spišská Kapitula
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19:
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525:Unification war
394:servitia minuta
340:perpetual count
296:
291:
279:Gregory Bicskei
275:excommunication
271:king of Hungary
253:He was sent to
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110:
50:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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987:, p. 149.
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951:, p. 194.
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929:
927:, p. 181.
917:
915:, p. 103.
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903:, p. 100.
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876:, p. 278.
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864:, p. 192.
851:
849:, p. 184.
839:
827:
825:, p. 191.
808:
806:, p. 134.
796:
784:
782:, p. 188.
772:
770:, p. 342.
755:
753:, p. 146.
736:
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724:
709:
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695:, p. 145.
673:
671:
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636:Philip Drugeth
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437:Komárom County
411:Bishop of Pécs
352:excommunicated
348:Pope Clement V
295:
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283:Székesfehérvár
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794:, p. 65.
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91:Other post(s)
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1038:
1017:
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869:
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830:
799:
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727:
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604:
594:
545:Stephen Kéki
528:
485:Matthew Csák
482:
459:
424:
418:
401:
393:
389:
381:
375:
373:
324:Ivan Kőszegi
297:
252:
246:, father of
231:
193:
190:Early career
152:
151:
129:Denomination
1278:1321 deaths
1245:Catholicism
1090:: 126–192.
997:Maléth 2020
961:Maléth 2020
925:Maléth 2020
835:Maléth 2020
792:Maléth 2020
780:Maléth 2020
768:Maléth 2020
732:Maléth 2020
606:conservator
580:as the new
566:Nagyszombat
510:Amadeus Aba
398:Roman Curia
168: 1291
119:Nationality
71:Predecessor
1267:Categories
1192:Michael Bő
1176:1304–1305
1059:Engel, Pál
1035:Engel, Pál
937:Engel 1988
913:Engel 1988
901:Engel 1988
886:Engel 1988
874:Engel 1996
847:Kádár 2017
804:Kádár 2017
720:Engel 1996
705:Engel 1996
670:References
628:Szepeshely
590:Tapolcsány
312:Michael Bő
289:Archbishop
248:Wenceslaus
204:Szenttamás
140:Alma mater
75:Michael Bő
63:Term ended
1233:Biography
1209:Boleslaus
1164:(elected)
1096:1217-4602
1051:0039-8098
985:Beke 2003
973:Beke 2003
751:Beke 2003
693:Beke 2003
652:Boleslaus
624:Hungarian
558:banderium
554:Szepesség
493:Dominican
441:interdict
429:cathedral
382:obligatio
320:Pressburg
316:Esztergom
220:canon law
218:to learn
212:Esztergom
157:Hungarian
123:Hungarian
112:Esztergom
85:Boleslaus
81:Successor
55:Installed
1061:(1996).
1039:Századok
574:Nicholas
532:Berzence
415:oligarch
392:and ten
267:Holy See
232:magister
224:theology
1257:Hungary
1219:Portals
1006:Sources
656:Podolin
586:Komárom
489:Pauline
487:in the
466:Vincent
445:crusade
396:to the
388:as his
386:florins
377:pallium
336:Kőszegi
304:Párkány
259:Stephen
196:Lodomer
174:in the
172:prelate
1134:
1113:
1094:
1071:
1049:
1023:
660:Gnézda
646:, the
644:Nanker
518:Szeged
478:Zagreb
433:Udvard
425:cantor
420:cantor
332:Prague
153:Thomas
23:Thomas
664:Lubló
578:Dömös
550:Lőcse
541:Kassa
521:law.
407:Peter
356:Henry
228:Padua
161:Tamás
1132:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1092:ISSN
1069:ISBN
1047:ISSN
1021:ISBN
662:and
638:and
634:(or
512:and
497:Pest
449:Buda
255:Rome
222:and
109:1321
106:Died
66:1321
58:1305
1043:122
618:in
536:Aba
409:as
342:of
165:fl.
114:(?)
46:in
1269::
1088:25
893:^
854:^
811:^
758:^
739:^
712:^
677:^
658:,
626::
435:,
163:;
159::
1221::
1140:.
1119:.
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622:(
155:(
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