1610:
152:
285:
181:
828:
230:
218:
206:
1038:
136:
1069:
1001:
588:
272:
260:
248:
168:
881:
3659:
870:
3648:
52:
866:. The situation was embarrassing for Italy, as its forces had been beaten back in the only battle to date. As the Austrians were redeploying more and more troops to Vienna to defend it against the Prussians, La Marmora was urged to take advantage of his force's numerical superiority, score a victory and improve the situation for Italy at the bargaining table.
1011:
On July 1866, after the
Prussian victory over Austria, the Armistice of Nikolsburg ended the hostilities between the two countries, provided that Italy obtained Venetia. The Austrians withdrew to the Isonzo River and left Venice to Italian hands. France and Prussia pressured Italy to conclude an
1016:
refused the call and insisted to obtain "natural" frontiers for Italy, including the cession of Venice and South Tyrol and that
Italian interests in Istria were respected. However, the Austro-Prussian armistice had strengthened Vienna's hand and Austrian admiral
1112:
allowed the population to express its will on its annexation to the
Kingdom of Italy. The plebiscite was held on 21 and 22 October, and the result was an overwhelming success, with 99.9% of participants in support of joining Italy.
1105:, who was acting as intermediary between Prussia and Austria, ceded Venetia to Italy on 19 October, as had been agreed in a secret treaty in exchange for the earlier Italian acquiescence to the French annexation of Savoy and Nice.
978:. That marked the maximum Italian advance into Friuli. However, with the cessation of Austro-Prussian hostilities, the Austrians seemed ready to send reinforcements to Italy. Likewise, the Principality of
447:
754:
Prussia opened hostilities on 16 June 1866 by attacking several German states allied with
Austria. Three days later, Italy declared war on Austria and started military operations on 23 June.
1108:
The Treaty of Vienna confirmed the cession of the territory to Italy. However, the peace treaty stated that the annexation of
Venetia and Mantua would have become effective only after a
800:
river. Cialdini, on the other hand, did not act offensively for the first part of the war by conducting only several shows of force and failing to defeat the
Austrian bridgehead at
816:
498:
1471:
440:
1870:
493:
693:, were to engage the Austrians on the southern front. Simultaneously, taking advantage of their perceived naval superiority, the Italians planned to threaten the
807:
Following the defeat at
Custoza, the Italians reorganised in preparation for a presumed Austrian counter-offensive. The Austrians took that opportunity to raid
433:
17:
1289:
2718:
986:
against the volunteers. On 9 August, Garibaldi was ordered in a telegraph by the Army High
Command to evacuate Trentino. His reply was simply "
2750:
3381:
2733:
1225:
Sons of
Garibaldi in Blue and Gray: Italians in the American Civil War, Frank W. Alduino, David J. Coles, Cambria Press, New York 2007 p.36
1360:
3708:
3683:
3345:
2275:
862:
for a settlement of the situation, which would allow
Austria to receive favorable conditions from Prussia and, in particular, maintain
3479:
1661:
3386:
2951:
2079:
1748:
1609:
1260:
2163:
1535:
1411:
1310:
1463:
3703:
3629:
2792:
1391:
929:), reinforced by a division of regular infantry, were to advance into Trentino, with the objective of capturing its capital,
483:
3698:
3426:
2701:
2509:
1743:
1183:
620:, was an unceasing source of tension in the domestic politics of the new kingdom and a cornerstone of its foreign policy.
1435:
2755:
2618:
2084:
2043:
1564:
3474:
3059:
2686:
2519:
2280:
2058:
2048:
1723:
1504:
1158:
1141:
289:
264:
2681:
2524:
2053:
1728:
1683:
1354:
1153:
3078:
2359:
2245:
1556:
839:
The course of the war, however, turned to Italy's favour by Prussian victories in Bohemia, especially the decisive
3202:
3114:
2961:
2956:
2787:
2655:
1618:
1579:
900:
675:
603:
550:
488:
3150:
2738:
2215:
2017:
1926:
1825:
1773:
1173:
655:, however, sent a division under Colonel Pallavicino to stop the volunteer army. Garibaldi was wounded at the
3401:
3232:
3119:
2650:
2645:
1671:
941:
on 22 July without encountering the Austrian Army. In the meantime, Garibaldi's volunteers had advanced from
185:
843:(or Sadowa) on 3 July. The Austrians were compelled to redeploy one of their three army corps from Italy to
3160:
3099:
3084:
2936:
2797:
2250:
1941:
1636:
1117:
728:
572:
538:
953:
on 21 July. Both advances were overshadowed, however, by the unexpected defeat of the Italian Navy at the
3504:
3222:
3068:
2850:
2760:
2660:
2546:
2514:
2199:
2120:
1698:
1574:
1281:
946:
713:
595:
478:
210:
3688:
3559:
3187:
3007:
2914:
2887:
2822:
2696:
2230:
2156:
2027:
1778:
1733:
1599:
1528:
690:
3589:
3355:
3278:
3242:
2260:
2225:
2220:
2012:
1738:
840:
734:
There was an even stronger rivalry between both navies that had formed the unified Italian navy, the
252:
3604:
3594:
3574:
3544:
3499:
3197:
3039:
2971:
2941:
2921:
2802:
2478:
2443:
2240:
1646:
793:
473:
3484:
3247:
3104:
3074:
3049:
2966:
2926:
2865:
2764:
2529:
2499:
1991:
1981:
1713:
1057:
1026:
827:
1718:
1497:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015
757:
The Italian forces were divided into two armies. One, under La Marmora himself, was deployed in
3693:
3182:
3170:
2946:
2931:
2623:
2265:
2022:
1589:
1086:
1082:
1018:
954:
832:
503:
276:
1447:
1344:
3489:
3416:
3396:
3310:
3259:
3017:
2997:
2807:
2401:
2369:
2255:
2235:
2149:
2063:
1835:
1666:
1521:
924:
616:, a later Italian term for part of the country under foreign domination that literally means
575:. Italy's acquisition of this wealthy and populous territory represented a major step in the
1037:
1021:
had taken command of the sea. Eventually, the cessation of hostilities was agreed to at the
3340:
3155:
3044:
3022:
2676:
2574:
2458:
2326:
1815:
1544:
1168:
1022:
656:
591:
Allegory of Venice, represented by the lion, hoping to join Italy, represented by the woman
576:
86:
8:
3624:
3614:
3569:
3335:
3300:
3295:
3012:
2633:
2569:
2489:
2110:
2105:
2100:
1896:
1703:
1656:
1641:
1626:
1163:
1068:
789:
709:
651:
with the intention to travel northward up the peninsula to Rome. The Piedmontese general
546:
43:
39:
1048:
1000:
3599:
3584:
3564:
3421:
3362:
3315:
3237:
3094:
3064:
3054:
3029:
3002:
2909:
2902:
2838:
2594:
2589:
2306:
1961:
1951:
1880:
1845:
1688:
1004:
971:
950:
873:
624:
508:
234:
222:
157:
1906:
1513:
587:
3549:
3539:
3411:
3325:
3290:
3217:
3207:
2985:
2855:
2769:
2599:
2579:
2553:
2541:
2336:
2331:
2316:
2311:
2296:
2125:
2115:
1936:
1916:
1768:
1500:
1387:
1350:
679:
1407:
1252:
704:
Upon the outbreak of the war, the Italian military was hampered by several factors:
425:
3619:
3441:
3391:
3372:
3367:
3320:
3227:
3165:
3145:
3133:
3089:
2892:
2872:
2860:
2723:
2604:
2321:
2184:
2176:
1946:
1860:
1855:
1840:
1820:
1794:
1708:
1693:
1013:
911:
721:
717:
530:
229:
217:
205:
141:
2691:
1436:
Full text of "A Monograph on Plebiscites: With a Collection of Official Documents"
880:
847:. The remaining Austrian forces in the theatre concentrated their defences around
3529:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3406:
3330:
3192:
2711:
2609:
2494:
2394:
2301:
1986:
1956:
1875:
1763:
1121:
982:
being the southern ally of Austria had sent out its army into the region west of
975:
903:, and La Marmora, with roughly 70,000 men, would tie down Austrian forces in the
884:
671:
652:
542:
513:
271:
259:
247:
173:
3662:
3609:
3579:
3524:
3431:
3305:
3252:
3212:
2882:
2877:
2728:
2628:
2584:
2536:
2484:
2438:
2406:
2364:
2341:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1921:
1911:
1753:
1594:
1568:
61:
1089:
to the Italian king and the Austrian cession of Venetia, consisting of modern
769:
fortress of the Austrians. The second, under Enrico Cialdini, was deployed in
3677:
3534:
3175:
2745:
2433:
2411:
2270:
1865:
1850:
1830:
1799:
1651:
1074:
Notice for the 21–22 October 1866 plebiscite of Venetian provinces and Mantua
983:
979:
599:
3652:
3459:
3264:
3034:
2638:
2504:
2453:
2428:
2007:
1901:
1678:
1584:
1178:
1102:
904:
859:
812:
766:
683:
607:
567:
3554:
3494:
3464:
2817:
2448:
1931:
1137:
967:
858:
On 5 July, the Italian government received news of a mediation effort by
674:
turned into open war in 1866, which offered Italy an occasion to capture
57:
2812:
2421:
2130:
1109:
808:
801:
648:
869:
1631:
1408:"(HIS, P) Treaty between Austria and Italy, (Vienna) October 3, 1866"
1235:
The Austro-Prussian War: Austria's War with Prussia and Italy in 1866
1311:"Sonderausstellung: '1866: Liechtenstein im Krieg – Vor 150 Jahren'"
966:
and cavalry defeated an Austrian force guarding the crossing of the
731:
followed the annexation of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies by Italy.
3469:
3454:
3449:
3350:
2384:
2379:
1125:
848:
774:
758:
694:
644:
27:
1866 conflict between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire
2416:
2141:
1133:
942:
899:
Cialdini was to lead the main army of 150,000 troops through the
892:
770:
698:
667:
663:
636:
632:
545:
fought between June and August 1866. The conflict paralleled the
3109:
1384:
Cilindri e feluche. La politica estera dell'Italia dopo l'UnitĂ
1129:
1098:
1094:
1090:
930:
915:
863:
852:
844:
797:
782:
778:
762:
640:
562:
558:
554:
115:
111:
107:
51:
1012:
armistice on its own with Austria. The Italian Prime Minister
627:
in 1862. Confident in the king's neutrality, he set sail from
2389:
2172:
938:
628:
2897:
2374:
992:" ("I shall obey") and became famous in Italy soon after.
1207:
1195:
1543:
1237:, Geoffrey Wawro, Cambridge University Press, 1996 p.43
1499:(4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
571:) to France, which was later annexed by Italy after a
796:
on 24 June and retreated in disorder back across the
682:
with Prussia through the mediation of French Emperor
455:
1116:
Meanwhile, an uprising also occurred in Sicily, the
623:
The first attempt to seize Rome was orchestrated by
2656:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
678:. On 8 April 1866, the Italian government signed a
1381:
937:Cialdini crossed the Po on 8 July and advanced to
729:resentment and bitter resistance in Southern Italy
708:The problematic amalgamation of the armies of the
3675:
1120:. The unification of Italy was completed by the
549:and resulted in Austria conceding the region of
724:since former enemies were now serving together.
635:. Collecting 1,200 volunteers, he sailed from
2157:
1529:
987:
961:
922:
735:
611:
441:
1449:Cronaca della nuova guerra d'Italia del 1866
1346:Naval Strategy and Operations in Narrow Seas
891:On 14 July, during a council of war held in
77:(1 month, 3 weeks and 2 days)
1431:
1429:
1247:
1245:
1243:
2164:
2150:
1536:
1522:
1494:
1342:
1213:
1201:
895:, the new Italian war plans were decided:
788:La Marmora moved first through Mantua and
448:
434:
60:during the Battle of Custoza. Painting by
1662:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
1253:"Risorgimento nell'Enciclopedia Treccani"
1426:
1240:
999:
879:
868:
826:
822:
659:and taken prisoner, along with his men.
586:
2080:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy
1749:Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1303:
910:The Italian Navy, commanded by Admiral
14:
3676:
918:with the objective of seizing Trieste.
2145:
1517:
1025:signed on 12 August, followed by the
960:On 26 July, a mixed Italian force of
765:River, and aimed toward the powerful
602:on 17 March 1861 but did not control
429:
2702:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
2044:Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)
1744:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
1363:from the original on 21 January 2022
1329:
1184:Naval operations on Lake Garda, 1866
716:, the largest components of the new
535:Terza guerra d'indipendenza italiana
2085:National Unity and Armed Forces Day
1174:Garibaldi's Expedition against Rome
921:Garibaldi's volunteer corps (named
749:
24:
2171:
2059:Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)
2049:Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
1724:Second Italian War of Independence
1414:from the original on March 3, 2016
1159:Second Italian War of Independence
1142:Fourth Italian War of Independence
25:
3720:
3709:Military history of Liechtenstein
3684:Third Italian War of Independence
2054:Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)
1759:Third Italian War of Independence
1729:United Provinces of Central Italy
1684:First Italian War of Independence
1154:First Italian War of Independence
527:Third Italian War of Independence
460:Third Italian War of Independence
33:Third Italian War of Independence
18:Third War of Italian Independence
3658:
3657:
3646:
1608:
1282:"La Terza guerra d'indipendenza"
1067:
1036:
804:on the southern bank of the Po.
283:
270:
258:
246:
228:
216:
204:
179:
166:
150:
134:
50:
3387:Orders, decorations, and medals
1488:
1474:from the original on 2016-04-28
1468:Treccani, il portale del sapere
1456:
1440:
1400:
1343:Milan Vego (23 November 2004).
1292:from the original on 2014-08-15
1263:from the original on 2021-10-26
689:Italian armies, led by General
662:The increasing discord between
56:Austrian Uhlans charge Italian
2018:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
1826:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
1774:Italian entry into World War I
1375:
1274:
1228:
1219:
720:, involved disputes among the
647:, on 24 August to reach Mount
13:
1:
1871:Annibale Santore di Santarosa
1286:www.150anni-lanostrastoria.it
1189:
1124:(1870) and the annexation of
582:
3704:Wars involving Liechtenstein
1942:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
1637:Revolutions during the 1820s
1118:Seven and a Half Days Revolt
995:
7:
3699:1866 in the Austrian Empire
3427:Water supply and sanitation
2851:Italian geographical region
2719:Monarchy and the World Wars
2661:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2547:War of the Sicilian Vespers
2200:Timeline of Italian history
2121:Revisionism of Risorgimento
1699:Sicilian revolution of 1848
1580:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
1575:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
1382:Giancarlo Giordano (2008).
1147:
1140:, also called in Italy the
1085:included the giving of the
714:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
596:Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy
10:
3725:
3346:Inventions and discoveries
2756:Fall of the Fascist regime
2739:Fourth War of Independence
2697:Expedition of the Thousand
2687:Second War of Independence
2028:Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
1734:Expedition of the Thousand
1600:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
1464:"Le guerre d'Indipendenza"
1349:. Routledge. p. 149.
691:Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora
565:, the last remnant of the
370:Total: 130,000–190,000 men
3642:
3440:
3286:
3277:
3141:
3132:
3120:Security and intelligence
2993:
2984:
2846:
2837:
2780:
2707:Third War of Independence
2682:First War of Independence
2669:
2562:
2471:
2352:
2289:
2208:
2192:
2183:
2093:
2072:
2036:
2013:Franz Joseph I of Austria
2000:
1890:Literature and philosophy
1889:
1808:
1787:
1739:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
1617:
1606:
1555:
1452:. 1866. pp. 573–574.
1056: Boundary under the
1047: Boundary under the
962:
945:toward Trento during the
736:
469:
375:
295:
194:
126:
67:
49:
37:
32:
2798:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
2793:Institutional referendum
970:and reached what is now
792:but was defeated at the
537:) was a war between the
75:20 June – 12 August 1866
3321:Emigration and diaspora
2530:Guelphs and Ghibellines
2515:the Sardinian Judicates
1992:Francesco Saverio Salfi
1982:Gian Domenico Romagnosi
1495:Clodfelter, M. (2017).
1317:(in German). 2016-05-11
817:Battle of Vezza d'Oglio
610:. The situation of the
3203:Science and technology
3151:Italian regions by GDP
2952:Marine protected areas
2624:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2023:Klemens von Metternich
1590:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1545:Unification of Italy (
1087:Iron Crown of Lombardy
1019:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
1008:
988:
923:
888:
877:
836:
744:
612:
592:
534:
277:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
195:Commanders and leaders
3402:Public administration
2510:the Holy Roman Empire
2064:Tricolour Flag Museum
1836:Federico Confalonieri
1667:Republic of San Marco
1003:
925:Cacciatori delle Alpi
914:was to set sail from
883:
872:
830:
823:New Italian offensive
590:
376:Casualties and losses
308:11 infantry divisions
3630:World Heritage Sites
3085:Council of Ministers
2823:Coronavirus pandemic
2221:Currency and coinage
1719:Plombières Agreement
1169:Armistice of Cormons
1023:Armistice of Cormons
947:Invasion of Trentino
841:Battle of Königgrätz
657:Battle of Aspromonte
606:or the much-reduced
598:had been proclaimed
577:Unification of Italy
337:Volunteer battalions
324:5 infantry divisions
38:Part of the wars of
3161:Automotive industry
3100:Metropolitan cities
2646:Early Modern period
2619:Kingdom of Sardinia
2570:Italian city-states
2111:Italian nationalism
2106:Italian irredentism
2101:Altare della Patria
1897:Giovanni Arrivabene
1704:Ten Days of Brescia
1657:Revolutions of 1848
1642:Revolutions of 1830
1627:Rimini Proclamation
1565:Kingdom of Sardinia
1164:Austro-Prussian War
1128:, the remainder of
1029:on 3 October 1866.
790:Peschiera del Garda
710:Kingdom of Sardinia
697:coast and to seize
547:Austro-Prussian War
409:1,392 battle deaths
388:1,633 battle deaths
315:Total: 120,000 men
44:Austro-Prussian War
40:Italian unification
3223:Telecommunications
2590:Maritime republics
1962:Alessandro Manzoni
1952:Francesco Lomonaco
1881:Victor Emmanuel II
1846:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1689:Five Days of Milan
1557:Pre-unitary states
1009:
1005:Victor Emmanuel II
951:Battle of Bezzecca
889:
878:
874:Battle of Bezzecca
837:
625:Giuseppe Garibaldi
593:
561:, and the city of
363:Liechtenstein Army
358:2 cavalry brigades
344:Total: 220,000 men
341:Total: 20,000 men
332:Garibaldi's forces
328:Total: 80,000 men
311:1 cavalry division
235:Alfonso La Marmora
223:Giuseppe Garibaldi
211:Victor Emmanuel II
3689:Conflicts in 1866
3671:
3670:
3638:
3637:
3273:
3272:
3208:Southern question
3128:
3127:
3060:Political parties
3008:Foreign relations
2980:
2979:
2833:
2832:
2554:Kingdom of Naples
2542:Kingdom of Sicily
2139:
2138:
2126:Southern question
1937:Vincenzo Gioberti
1917:Felice Cavallotti
1816:Massimo d'Azeglio
1769:Law of Guarantees
1393:978-88-548-1733-3
1081:The terms of the
794:Battle of Custoza
777:and aimed toward
680:military alliance
522:
521:
424:
423:
265:Archduke Albrecht
122:
121:
16:(Redirected from
3716:
3661:
3660:
3653:Italy portal
3650:
3649:
3590:National symbols
3284:
3283:
3139:
3138:
2991:
2990:
2844:
2843:
2724:Kingdom of Italy
2651:Napoleonic Italy
2190:
2189:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2143:
2142:
1947:Giacomo Leopardi
1927:Giuseppe Ferrari
1861:Bettino Ricasoli
1856:Giuseppe Mazzini
1841:Francesco Crispi
1821:Agostino Bertani
1795:Cockade of Italy
1779:Impresa di Fiume
1709:Belfiore martyrs
1694:Sortie on Mestre
1612:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1438:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1340:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1097:and the city of
1071:
1055:
1046:
1040:
1027:Treaty of Vienna
1014:Bettino Ricasoli
991:
965:
964:
928:
912:Carlo di Persano
750:Italian invasion
739:
738:
722:chain of command
718:Kingdom of Italy
615:
539:Kingdom of Italy
464:
463:
461:
450:
443:
436:
427:
426:
355:V, VII, IX Corps
288:
287:
286:
275:
274:
263:
262:
251:
250:
233:
232:
221:
220:
209:
208:
184:
183:
182:
172:
170:
169:
156:
154:
153:
142:Kingdom of Italy
140:
138:
137:
118:annexed by Italy
87:Lombardy–Venetia
69:
68:
54:
30:
29:
21:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3647:
3634:
3605:Public holidays
3436:
3382:Life expectancy
3269:
3124:
3040:Law enforcement
2976:
2829:
2776:
2765:Social Republic
2729:Colonial Empire
2712:Capture of Rome
2665:
2558:
2467:
2360:Ancient peoples
2348:
2285:
2246:Historic states
2204:
2179:
2170:
2140:
2135:
2089:
2068:
2032:
1996:
1987:Antonio Rosmini
1957:Goffredo Mameli
1907:Giosuè Carducci
1885:
1876:Ruggero Settimo
1804:
1783:
1764:Capture of Rome
1613:
1604:
1551:
1542:
1507:
1491:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1357:
1341:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1266:
1264:
1257:www.treccani.it
1251:
1250:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1214:Clodfelter 2017
1212:
1208:
1204:, pp. 184.
1202:Clodfelter 2017
1200:
1196:
1192:
1150:
1122:Capture of Rome
1083:Peace of Prague
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1044:
1041:
998:
976:Battle of Versa
972:Romans d'Isonzo
955:Battle of Lissa
885:Battle of Versa
833:Battle of Lissa
825:
773:, south of the
752:
747:
672:German Question
653:Enrico Cialdini
585:
543:Austrian Empire
523:
518:
465:
459:
457:
456:
454:
284:
282:
281:
269:
257:
245:
239:
227:
215:
203:
190:
180:
178:
174:Austrian Empire
167:
165:
151:
149:
148:
135:
133:
103:
97:Italian victory
89:
76:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3722:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3655:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3213:Stock exchange
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3115:Municipalities
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3075:Prime Minister
3072:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2962:Regional parks
2959:
2957:National parks
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2866:Climate change
2858:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2631:
2629:Duchy of Savoy
2626:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2537:Lombard League
2534:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2459:Western Empire
2451:
2446:
2444:Roman conquest
2441:
2436:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2365:Italic peoples
2356:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1977:Carlo Pisacane
1974:
1972:Silvio Pellico
1969:
1967:Ippolito Nievo
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1922:Vincenzo Cuoco
1919:
1914:
1912:Carlo Cattaneo
1909:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1754:Roman Question
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1672:Roman Republic
1669:
1664:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1595:Duchy of Parma
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1569:House of Savoy
1561:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1506:978-0786474707
1505:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1455:
1439:
1425:
1399:
1392:
1374:
1355:
1328:
1302:
1273:
1239:
1227:
1218:
1216:, p. 183.
1206:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1136:at the end of
1073:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
997:
994:
935:
934:
919:
908:
887:, 26 July 1866
876:, 21 July 1866
835:, 20 July 1866
824:
821:
761:, west of the
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
741:
732:
725:
639:and landed at
584:
581:
520:
519:
517:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
470:
467:
466:
453:
452:
445:
438:
430:
422:
421:
420:
419:
418:3,173 captured
416:
413:
410:
400:
399:
398:
397:5,085 captured
395:
392:
389:
378:
377:
373:
372:
367:Total: 80 men
360:
359:
356:
346:
339:
338:
326:
325:
313:
312:
309:
298:
297:
293:
292:
280:
279:
267:
255:
253:Franz Joseph I
242:
240:
238:
237:
225:
213:
200:
197:
196:
192:
191:
189:
188:
176:
162:
160:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:
105:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
85:
83:
79:
78:
73:
65:
64:
62:Juliusz Kossak
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3721:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:1866 in Italy
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3664:
3656:
3654:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:Years of Lead
2806:
2804:
2803:Economic Boom
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:Fascist Italy
2744:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:Niçard exodus
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Magna Graecia
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:National days
2071:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
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3460:Quattrocento
3417:Social class
3397:Prostitution
3311:Demographics
3233:Trade unions
3176:Central Bank
3018:Human rights
2998:Constitution
2781:Contemporary
2751:World War II
2706:
2639:Italian Wars
2563:Early modern
2505:Papal States
2483:Italy under
2429:Ancient Rome
2008:Pope Pius IX
1902:Cesare Balbo
1809:Main leaders
1758:
1679:Quadrilatero
1585:Papal States
1547:Risorgimento
1546:
1496:
1489:Bibliography
1476:. Retrieved
1467:
1458:
1448:
1442:
1418:February 14,
1416:. Retrieved
1402:
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1365:. Retrieved
1345:
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1314:
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1285:
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1265:. Retrieved
1256:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1179:Risorgimento
1115:
1107:
1103:Napoleon III
1080:
1010:
959:
957:on 20 July.
949:and won the
936:
905:Quadrilatero
890:
860:Napoleon III
857:
838:
813:Val Camonica
806:
787:
767:Quadrilatero
756:
753:
737:Regia Marina
703:
688:
684:Napoleon III
661:
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594:
568:Quadrilatero
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458:
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132:
127:Belligerents
3555:Italophilia
3515:Coat of arm
3465:Cinquecento
3341:Immigration
3291:Aristocracy
3156:Agriculture
3050:Nationality
3023:LGBT rights
2937:Earthquakes
2818:Mani pulite
2734:World War I
2677:Unification
2670:Late modern
2634:Renaissance
2479:Middle Ages
2472:Middle Ages
2449:Roman Italy
2216:Citizenship
1932:Ugo Foscolo
1714:Crimean War
1647:Young Italy
1321:November 4,
1138:World War I
1093:, parts of
1058:1866 Treaty
1049:1859 Treaty
968:Torre River
963:bersaglieri
415:691 missing
394:553 missing
303:Mincio Army
102:Territorial
58:Bersaglieri
3678:Categories
3625:Traditions
3615:Television
3600:Philosophy
3565:Literature
3505:Cathedrals
3475:Settecento
3336:Healthcare
3301:Corruption
3296:Censorship
3055:Parliament
3013:Government
2813:Maxi Trial
2761:Resistance
2490:Ostrogoths
2422:Messapians
2307:Villanovan
2297:Prehistory
2290:Prehistory
2131:Third Rome
1478:2014-02-11
1386:. Aracne.
1296:2014-02-11
1267:2022-01-21
1190:References
1110:plebiscite
831:The naval
809:Valtellina
802:Borgoforte
649:Aspromonte
618:unredeemed
583:Background
573:plebiscite
489:Valtellina
484:Lake Garda
350:South Army
3585:Mythology
3560:Libraries
3480:Ottocento
3422:Terrorism
3363:Languages
3316:Education
3238:Transport
3188:Companies
3095:Provinces
3065:President
3030:Judiciary
3003:Elections
2915:Volcanoes
2910:Volcanism
2903:Apennines
2888:Mountains
2856:Peninsula
2839:Geography
2770:Civil War
2495:Byzantium
2402:Etruscans
2337:Canegrate
2332:Golasecca
2317:Rinaldone
2312:Terramare
2302:Neolithic
2116:Redshirts
2001:Opponents
1632:Carbonari
1367:3 October
1007:in Venice
996:Aftermath
989:Obbedisco
695:Dalmatian
670:over the
613:Irredente
290:Johann II
3663:Category
3550:Internet
3540:Folklore
3470:Seicento
3455:Trecento
3450:Duecento
3412:Religion
3373:Regional
3351:Italians
3326:Gambling
3218:Taxation
3045:Military
2986:Politics
2788:Republic
2575:Florence
2500:Lombards
2439:Republic
2385:Samnites
2380:Picentes
2322:Apennine
2281:Railways
2261:Military
2209:By topic
2193:Overview
2177:articles
1619:Timeline
1472:Archived
1412:Archived
1361:Archived
1315:Lie:zeit
1290:Archived
1261:Archived
1148:See also
1126:Trentino
849:Trentino
775:Po River
759:Lombardy
712:and the
645:Calabria
541:and the
509:Bezzecca
479:Trentino
296:Strength
82:Location
42:and the
3620:Theatre
3595:Palaces
3575:Museums
3545:Gardens
3530:Fashion
3520:Cuisine
3500:Castles
3442:Culture
3392:Poverty
3368:Italian
3279:Society
3260:Welfare
3228:Tourism
3198:Exports
3166:Banking
3146:Economy
3134:Economy
3090:Regions
2972:Valleys
2942:Islands
2922:Beaches
2893:Prealps
2873:Geology
2861:Climate
2525:Normans
2485:Odoacer
2434:Kingdom
2417:Ligures
2353:Ancient
2327:Nuragic
2276:Postage
2251:Judaism
2241:Genetic
2231:Fashion
2226:Economy
2185:History
2037:Museums
1788:Symbols
1134:Trieste
974:at the
943:Brescia
901:Venetia
893:Ferrara
771:Romagna
699:Trieste
676:Venetia
668:Prussia
664:Austria
637:Catania
633:Palermo
604:Venetia
551:Venetia
531:Italian
474:Custoza
319:Po Army
158:Prussia
104:changes
3651:
3525:Design
3510:Cinema
3485:Anthem
3407:Racism
3356:People
3331:Health
3193:Energy
3183:Brands
3110:Comune
3105:Cities
2967:Rivers
2927:Canals
2610:Amalfi
2595:Venice
2454:Empire
2395:Veneti
2370:Latins
2342:Latial
2175:
1503:
1390:
1353:
1130:Friuli
1099:Mantua
1095:Friuli
1091:Veneto
1054:
1045:
931:Trento
916:Ancona
864:Venice
853:Isonzo
845:Vienna
798:Mincio
783:Rovigo
779:Mantua
763:Mincio
641:Melito
563:Mantua
559:Friuli
555:Veneto
383:11,197
171:
155:
139:
116:Mantua
112:Friuli
108:Veneto
94:Result
3610:Sport
3580:Music
3570:Media
3432:Women
3306:Crime
3171:Banks
2947:Lakes
2932:Caves
2883:Flora
2878:Fauna
2600:Genoa
2585:Milan
2580:Siena
2520:Arabs
2407:Celts
2390:Umbri
2266:Music
2236:Flags
2173:Italy
2094:Other
939:Udine
629:Genoa
514:Versa
504:Lissa
404:9,727
3535:Flag
3265:Wine
3253:road
3248:rail
3079:List
3069:List
2898:Alps
2763:and
2605:Pisa
2375:Osci
2271:Name
2256:LGBT
1501:ISBN
1420:2015
1388:ISBN
1369:2020
1351:ISBN
1323:2023
1132:and
851:and
811:and
781:and
727:The
666:and
525:The
114:and
72:Date
3495:Art
3243:air
3035:Law
819:).
745:War
631:to
3680::
1470:.
1466:.
1428:^
1410:.
1359:.
1331:^
1313:.
1288:.
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1259:.
1255:.
1242:^
1144:.
1101:.
855:.
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1509:.
1481:.
1422:.
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1371:.
1325:.
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907:.
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