783:(an elder half-brother of Thibaw) as the new king. At that time, most of the Burmese did not like Thibaw both because of the poor management of his government and because he and/or his king-makers had executed nearly a hundred royal princes and princesses when he ascended the throne in 1878. Nyaungyan was a survivor of this royal massacre and had been living in exile in British India, although in fact he was already dead by this time. However, the British concealed this fact, and according to some sources the British even brought a man impersonating Prince Nyaungyan along with them on their way to Mandalay so that the Burmese would believe their story of installing a new king. Thus, the Burmese who welcomed this purported new king made no attempt to resist the British forces. However, when it became obvious that the British had actually failed to install a new king and Burma in fact had become annexed to the Raj, fierce rebellions by various Burmese groups, including the troops of the former royal Burmese army, ensued for more than a decade. U Kaung's role in the initial collapse of Burmese resistance later gave rise to the popular mnemonic
819:, envoys from King Thibaw met General Prendergast with offers of surrender; and on the 27th, when the ships were lying off that city and ready to commence hostilities, the order from the king to his troops to lay down their arms was received. There were three strong forts here, full at that moment with thousands of armed Burmese, and though a large number of these filed past and laid down their arms by the king's command, still many more were allowed to disperse with their weapons; and these, in the time that followed, broke up into guerrilla bands and prolonged the war for years. Meanwhile, however, the surrender of the king of Burma was complete; and on 28 November, in less than a fortnight from the declaration of war, Mandalay had fallen, and King Thibaw was taken prisoner, and every strong fort and town on the river, and all the king's ordnance (1861 pieces), and thousands of rifles, muskets and arms had been taken, primarily from the Mandalay palace and the city itself. The proceeds were sold off at a profit of 9 lakhs of rupees (roughly 60,000 pound sterling).
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1245:"Edmund Streeter was a scholar and an author, and a considerable authority on precious stones. The firm's catalogue was more than simply a commercial presentation, it was also an introduction to the infant science of Gemology. Streeter and his family were ruthless robbers of colonial assets in the true Victorian mould. His son George Skelton Streeter accompanied a military expedition to open up the Burmese ruby mines at Mogok in 1886, and stayed there to work as a government valuer. His eldest son Harry lost his life in Australian waters while pearling with the company fleet". Peter Hinks, Introduction to "Victorian Jewellery", Studio Editions, London 1991.
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890:, was only brought about by an extensive system of small military police protective posts scattered all over the country, and small lightly equipped columns moving out in response whenever a gathering of freedom fighters occurred. The British poured reinforcements into the country, and it was in this phase of the campaign, lasting several years that the most difficult and brutal work of repression fell to the lot of the remaining British and Indian troops. Ultimately, despite the efforts of Roberts, the freedom fighters in Burma would remain active for another decade.
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656:. He negotiated the establishment of a French Bank in Burma, a concession for a railway from Mandalay to the northern border of British Burma and a French role in running monopolies controlled by the Burmese government. The British reacted with diplomatic force and convinced the French government to recall Haas who was removed allegedly "for reasons of health". While the French had backed down in Burma, the French actions as well as many other events convinced the British to take action against Burma.
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British-appointed arbitrator to settle the dispute. When the
Burmese refused, the British issued an ultimatum on 22 October 1885. The ultimatum demanded that the Burmese accept a new British resident in Mandalay, that any legal action or fines against the company be suspended until the arrival of the resident, that Burma submit to British control of its foreign relations and that Burma should provide the British with commercial facilities for the development of trade between northern Burma and China.
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752:, on the right bank of the river, the Burmese in considerable force held successively a barricade, a pagoda and the redoubt of Minhla. The attack was pressed home by a brigade of British Indian infantry on shore, covered by a bombardment from the river, and the Burmese were defeated with a loss of 170 killed and 276 prisoners, besides many more drowned in the attempt to escape by river. The advance was continued next day and the following days, the
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were taken completely by surprise by the rapidity of the advance. There had been no time for them to collect and organize any resistance. They had not even been able to block the river by sinking steamers, etc., across it, for, on the very day of the receipt of orders to advance, the armed steamers, the
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on 28 December. This was a very important move, as it forestalled the
Chinese, who had their own claims and border disputes with Burma. Though the king was dethroned and exiled with the royal family to India, and the capital and the whole of the river in the hands of the British, bands of insurgents
727:
was placed in command of the invasion. As was only to be expected in an enterprise of this description, the navy as well as the army was called in requisition; and as usual the services rendered by the seamen and guns were most important. The total effective force available was 3,029 British troops,
951:
and notables of
Britain, others were auctioned. An organisation, the "Prize Committee, Mandalay", was instituted to dispose of the possessions of the former Burmese government. The majority of auctioned items were sold to Army and Navy officers and civil servants as well as the occasional European
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and the
Kathleen, engaged the nearest Burmese batteries, and brought out from under their guns the Burmese King's steamer and some barges which were lying in readiness for this very purpose. On the 16th the batteries themselves on both banks were taken by a land attack, the Burmese being evidently
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was the
British post on the river nearest to the frontier, and here, by 14 November, five days after Thibaw's answer had been received, practically the whole expedition was assembled. On the same day General Prendergast received instructions to commence operations. The Burmese king and his country
640:
During the discussions between the French and
Burmese in Paris, a boundary dispute on the frontier of India and Burma broke out. In 1881, the British authorities in India appointed a commission to unilaterally mark out the border between the two countries. In the course of its work, the commission
922:. As inland operations developed, the lack of mounted troops was badly felt, and several regiments of cavalry were brought over from India, while mounted infantry was raised locally. The British found that without mounted troops it was generally impossible to fight the Burmese successfully.
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and not paying its employees. The company was fined by a
Burmese court, and some of its timber was seized by the Burmese officials. The company and the British government claimed the charges were false and the Burmese courts were corrupt. The British demanded the Burmese government accept a
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By command of the Queen-Empress, it is hereby notified that the territories formerly governed by King
Theebaw, will no longer be under his rule, but have become part of Her Majesty's dominions, and will during Her Majesty's pleasure, be administered by such Officers as the Viceroy and
620:
Following a succession crisis in Burma in 1878, the
British Resident in Burma was withdrawn, ending official diplomatic relations between the countries. The British considered a new war in response but other ongoing wars in Africa and Afghanistan led them to reject a war at that time.
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and make them available to
British merchants. George Skelton Streeter, a gem expert and son of Edmund Streeter of the Streeters & Co Ltd jewellery company in London, accompanied the expedition and stayed there to work as a government valuer in the British-run mines.
712:, from Rangoon to Mandalay, and it was obvious that the quickest and most satisfactory method of carrying out the British campaign was an advance by water direct on the capital. Further, a large number of light-draught river steamers and barges (or flats), belonging to the
893:
The British also extended their control into the tribal areas of the Kachin Hills and Chin Hills. These territories, only nominally ruled even by the Burmese kingdom, were grabbed by the British. Also grabbed were disputed territories in northern Burma claimed by the
637:. Ferry eventually admitted to the British ambassador that the Burmese were attempting to negotiate a political alliance along with a purchase of military equipment. The British were troubled by the Burmese action and relations worsened between the two countries.
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had brought the French to the borders of Burma. In May 1883, a high-level Burmese delegation left for Europe. Officially it was to gather industrial knowledge, but it soon made its way to Paris where it began negotiations with the French Foreign Minister
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At this time the country was one of dense jungle, and was therefore unfavourable for military operations, the British knew little of the interior of Upper Burma; but British steamers had for years been running on the great river highway of the
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Following the annexation of Burma, valuable possessions of the Burmese Government were stolen by the British authorities. Many items that could be easily transported such as gold, jewellery, silk and ornamental objects were shipped back to
1317:
775:, who wanted to negotiate peace with the British, issued an order to the Burmese troops not to attack the British. His order was obeyed by some, but not all Burmese brigades. In addition, the British passed out
901:
No account of the Third Burmese War would be complete without a reference to the first (and perhaps for this reason, the most notable) land advance into the country. This was carried out in November 1885 from
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6,005 Indian sepoys and 67 guns, and for river service, 24 machine guns. The river fleet which conveyed the troops and stores was composed of more than 55 steamers, barges, and launches among other things.
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began demanding the Burmese authorities in villages determined by the British to be on their side of the line should withdraw. The Burmese objected continuously, but eventually backed down.
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Martin D. W. Jones, 'The War of Lost Footsteps. A Re-assessment of the Third Burmese War, 1885β1896', Bulletin of the Military Historical Society, xxxx (no.157), August 1989, pp. 36β40
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The annexation sparked an anti-colonial resistance which would last until 1896. The final, and now completely successful, conquest of the country, under the direction of
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914:). The suppression of freedom fighters was completely successful, in spite of a good deal of scattered resistance, and the force afterwards moved forward to
720:, were available at Rangoon, and the local knowledge of the company's officers of the difficult river navigation was at the disposal of the British forces.
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Photograph of the arrival of British forces in Mandalay on 28 November 1885, Third Anglo-Burmese War. Photographer: Hooper, Willoughby Wallace (1837β1912).
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while marching through Burma, insisting to the Burmese that they did not intend to occupy the country so much as depose the king Thibaw and enthrone
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The acceptance of the ultimatum would have ended any real Burmese independence and reduced the country to something similar to the semi-independent
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Minhla, after its capture by the British, mid-November 1885, showing death and devastation. Photographer: Hooper, Willoughby Wallace (1837β1912).
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1998:
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789:("U Kaung's treachery, end of dynasty": U (α₯) =1, Ka (α) =2, La (α) =4, Hta (α) =7 in Burmese numerology i.e. Burmese Era 1247 or 1885AD).
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Photograph of King Thibaw's guards, East Gate, Mandalay Palace, 28 November 1885. Photographer: Hooper, Willoughby Wallace (1835β1912).
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Photograph of one of King Thibaw's steamers on the Irrawaddy, 26 November 1885. Photographer: Hooper, Willoughby Wallace (1837β1912).
971:, were retained by the Calcutta museum to be restored and if later requested returned to descendants of Burmese royalty. Machinery,
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1968:
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906:, the British frontier post in the east of the country. A small column of all arms carried it out under Colonel W. P. Dicken, 3rd
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861:"Proclamation" of the annexation of Burma into British Empire in English and Burmese, published in Mandalay on 4 January 1886
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and items of practical value were usually transferred to the British government or purchased at well below market value.
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Incorporation, annexation, and decisive consolidation of the remnants of the Konbaung dynasty in the form of Burma into
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1265:
Charney, Michael W. Powerful Learning: Buddhist Literati and the Throne in Burma's Last Dynasty, 1752β1885. Ann Arbor:
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Burma was annexed by the British on January 1, 1886, by the proclamation of the Viceroy and Governor-General of India,
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including cast-iron guns, cannons and field guns were for the most part destroyed or disposed of in deep water.
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took advantage of the situation to continue an anti-social resistance which proved very difficult to defeat.
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However, some sources say that the Burmese resistance was not fierce because the defence minister of Thibaw,
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Prendergast, H.D.V. (2016). 'Memorials and trophies' - cannon in Britain from the Third Anglo-Burmese War.
557:, took place during 7β29 November 1885, with sporadic resistance continuing into 1887. It was the final of
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1102:"Lot 21, Orders, Decorations, Medals and Militaria. To coin... (19 September 2003) | Dix Noonan Webb"
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The Burmah Expedition, flotilla, with troops on board, going up the Irrawaddy to Bhamo in 1886.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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of British India. By 9 November, a practical refusal of the terms having been received at
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were decided upon. The annexation of the Burmese kingdom had probably also been decided.
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and heavy artillery leading and silencing in succession the Burmese river defences at
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In 1886, a military expedition was launched to "open up" the lucrative ruby mines at
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During the 1880s, the British became concerned about contacts between Burma and
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A traditional painting by Saya Chone depicts the King Thibaw leaving Mandalay.
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The Victorians at war, 1815-1914: an encyclopedia of British military history
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1090:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 847β848.
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A 17th-century cannon captured at Mandalay in 1886 and now displayed at
565:. The war saw the loss of sovereignty of an independent Burma under the
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1217:. Historical Research Department, Washington University. pp. 1β3.
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1235:. Historical Research Department, Washington University. p. 5.
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unprepared and making no resistance. On 17 November, however, at
668:
569:, whose rule had already been reduced to the territory known as
959:. Articles deemed to be of very high value were shipped to the
680:
815:
On 26 November, when the flotilla was approaching the capital
994:
967:. Some items of high religious importance, including 11 gold
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816:
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577:
having been annexed by the British in 1853, following the
27:
Final 19th century war between the Burmese and the British
1283:
Third Anglo-Burmese War: How to Stop a War... Burmese War
811:, details the lives lost by the Regiment in Burma 1885-87
596:
until Burma achieved independence as a republic in 1948.
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fought in the 19th century between the Burmese and the
1307:
The 2nd Battalion Queen's (Royal West Surrey) Regiment
784:
548:
1302:
The Somerset Light Infantry in the Third Burmese War
584:
Following the war, Burma came under the rule of the
2591:
19th-century military history of the United Kingdom
1254:
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
735:The meeting of General Prendergast and King Thibaw
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876:Governor-General may from time to time appoint.
304:
1342:
1285:page at OnWar.com (archived 22 November 2005)
290:
103:
1082:Burmese Wars s.v. Third Burmese War, 1885-86
846:
652:In 1885, the French consul M. Hass moved to
1181:"BRITISH RULE OF BURMA | Facts and Details"
838:From Mandalay, General Prendergast reached
594:British governed Burma as a separate colony
1349:
1335:
1208:
1206:
297:
283:
126:The nominal surrender of the Burmese Army,
1226:
1224:
687:and the dethronement of the Burmese king
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
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45:This article includes a list of general
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663:for under-reporting its extractions of
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14:
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1221:
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1134:
1108:from the original on 11 December 2019
1042:
910:, the first objective being Ningyan (
278:
1608:Regulator Movement in North Carolina
1230:
1212:
31:
853:Burmese resistance movement 1885β95
24:
1259:
925:
888:Sir Frederick (later Earl) Roberts
51:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2602:
2576:Wars involving the United Kingdom
1357:Colonial conflicts involving the
1289:
1272:Hall, D. G. E. Europe and Burma (
1191:from the original on 17 June 2019
661:Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation
462:Post Government of India Act 1858
1178:
1064:
786:U Kaung lein htouk, minzet pyouk
261:
249:
230:
214:
200:
120:
36:
1433:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
723:Major-General, afterwards Sir,
616:and King Thibaw (November 1885)
1536:Father Rale's War/Dummer's War
1239:
1172:
1120:
1094:
947:and presented as gifts to the
13:
1:
1933:Black War (Van Diemen's Land)
1777:Castle Hill convict rebellion
1035:
882:Viceroy and Governor-General.
599:
7:
1001:
785:
549:
10:
2607:
2450:Jewish revolt in Palestine
2095:Fenian Rebellion in Canada
1740:Dwyer's guerrilla campaign
1632:American Revolutionary War
1156:Cambridge University Press
1152:The Making of Modern Burma
850:
714:Irrawaddy Flotilla Company
659:A fine was imposed on the
550:Tatiya IngaleikβMyanma Sit
505:Second Waziristan campaign
307:British campaigns in India
2284:
2221:Jameson Raid South Africa
1755:
1508:
1369:
1318:Group of Gen. Prendergast
1314:Stephen Luscombe (photos)
847:Annexation and resistance
718:Frederick Charles Kennedy
538:
515:Third Waziristan campaign
500:First Waziristan campaign
314:
242:
192:
132:
128:27 November 1885, at Ava.
119:
111:
104:
98:
2432:Arab revolt in Palestine
2029:Second Anglo-Burmese War
1771:Second Anglo-Maratha War
1662:Australian frontier wars
1024:Second Anglo-Burmese War
579:Second Anglo-Burmese War
451:Second Anglo-Burmese War
386:Second Anglo-Maratha War
2556:Third Anglo-Burmese War
2426:Second Mohmand campaign
2161:Third Anglo-Burmese War
2125:Second Anglo-Afghan War
1927:First Anglo-Burmese War
1903:Third Anglo-Maratha War
1734:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
1644:Second Anglo-Mysore War
1638:First Anglo-Maratha War
1296:Third Anglo-Burmese War
1274:Oxford University Press
1150:Thant, Myint-U (2000).
1087:Encyclopædia Britannica
1018:First Anglo-Burmese War
988:Illustrated London News
539:ααααα‘ααΊαΉαααααΊβααΌααΊαα¬α
α
αΊ
531:Third Anglo-Burmese War
473:Third Anglo-Burmese War
468:Second Anglo-Afghan War
416:First Anglo-Burmese War
406:Third Anglo-Maratha War
374:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
364:Second Anglo-Mysore War
359:First Anglo-Maratha War
105:ααααα‘ααΊαΉαααααΊ-ααΌααΊαα¬α
α
αΊ
100:Third Anglo-Burmese War
66:more precise citations.
2571:Wars involving Myanmar
2366:Third Anglo-Afghan War
2251:First Mohmand campaign
1975:First Anglo-Afghan War
1674:Third Anglo-Mysore War
1267:University of Michigan
990:
939:
884:
862:
835:
827:
812:
797:
736:
704:
694:
649:
617:
495:Third Anglo-Afghan War
421:First Anglo-Afghan War
369:Third Anglo-Mysore War
354:First Anglo-Mysore War
243:Commanders and leaders
2561:British rule in Burma
2023:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1680:Cotiote (Wayanad) War
1566:French and Indian War
1030:British rule in Burma
985:
933:
908:Madras Light Infantry
878:The 1st January 1886.
871:
860:
833:
825:
803:
795:
773:Kinwun Mingyi U Kaung
734:
716:under the control of
702:
647:
607:
553:), also known as the
446:Second Anglo-Sikh War
181:resistance until 1895
2185:HunzaβNagar Campaign
1993:First Anglo-Sikh War
1969:EgyptianβOttoman War
1312:Burma: The Third War
969:idols of Lord Buddha
683:, the occupation of
441:First Anglo-Sikh War
2438:Waziristan campaign
2372:Waziristan campaign
2065:Revolt of Rajab Ali
1542:War of Jenkins' Ear
1185:factsanddetails.com
2312:Bambatha Rebellion
2227:Anglo-Zanzibar War
2215:Chitral Expedition
2149:Anglo-Egyptian War
1921:Anglo-Ashanti wars
1626:Lord Dunmore's War
1584:Anglo-Cherokee War
1493:King William's War
1231:Kyan, Daw (1979).
1213:Kyan, Daw (1979).
991:
961:Executive Engineer
940:
863:
836:
828:
813:
798:
737:
705:
650:
618:
411:Barrackpore Mutiny
396:Anglo-Nepalese War
140:7β29 November 1885
114:Anglo-Burmese Wars
2566:Conflicts in 1885
2543:
2542:
2474:Malayan Emergency
2384:Malabar rebellion
2245:Siege of Malakand
2191:Anglo-Manipur War
2047:Anglo-Persian War
1596:Anglo-Spanish War
1548:King George's War
1469:King Philip's War
1445:Anglo-Spanish War
1298:British regiments
1256:94, pp. 106-128.
1233:The Prizes of War
1215:The Prizes of War
725:Harry Prendergast
592:. From 1937, the
547:
524:
523:
478:Anglo-Manipur War
319:Prelude 1686β1763
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2378:Iraqi Revolt
2233:Matabeleland
2209:North Borneo
2203:Matabeleland
2160:
2155:Saskatchewan
1957:Upper Canada
1951:Lower Canada
1909:Persian Gulf
1825:Persian Gulf
1765:Newfoundland
1746:Polygar Wars
1716:Kandyan Wars
1668:Nootka Sound
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1193:. Retrieved
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163:Fall of the
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2498:Suez Crisis
2396:Transjordan
2300:West Africa
2277:(1899β1902)
2271:(1898β1901)
2263:Six-Day War
2211:(1894β1905)
2199:(1891β1895)
2179:Mashonaland
2143:Mahdist War
2083:Shimonoseki
2013:(1847β1901)
1923:(1824β1901)
1891:Cape Colony
1789:Cape Colony
1748:(1799β1805)
1742:(1799β1803)
1730:(1798β1800)
1718:(1796β1818)
1692:Cape Colony
1682:(1793β1806)
1664:(1788β1934)
1560:Nova Scotia
1530:Yamasee War
1501:(1694β1700)
1475:Child's War
1463:2nd Tangier
1457:1st Tangier
1453:(1655β1739)
1403:Saint Kitts
1381:(1593β1603)
1026:(1852β1853)
1020:(1824β1826)
952:traveller.
635:Jules Ferry
586:British Raj
575:Lower Burma
571:Upper Burma
169:Upper Burma
64:introducing
2550:Categories
2402:Pink's War
2294:Somaliland
2131:Basutoland
1885:Guadeloupe
1867:Xhosa Wars
1849:Seychelles
1831:Guadeloupe
1819:Martinique
1686:Rohilkhand
1650:Gold Coast
1620:Rohilkhand
1578:Bengal War
1415:Pequot War
1036:References
777:propaganda
689:Thibaw Min
628:. Wars in
600:Background
588:as one of
559:three wars
510:Pink's War
349:Bengal War
268:Thibaw Min
47:references
2534:Falklands
2530:(1963β67)
2524:(1962β66)
2518:(1962β90)
2506:(1962β76)
2494:(1955β59)
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2470:(1946β50)
2462:Indonesia
2458:(1945β46)
2456:Indochina
2452:(1944β48)
2440:(1936β39)
2434:(1936β39)
2422:(1931β32)
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2392:(1922β24)
2390:Kurdistan
2374:(1919β20)
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2041:Γ
land War
2025:(1848β49)
2001:(1845β50)
1995:(1845β46)
1989:(1845β72)
1983:(1839β42)
1977:(1839β42)
1971:(1839β41)
1959:(1837β38)
1953:(1837β38)
1947:(1831β33)
1941:(1831β32)
1935:(1828β32)
1929:(1824β26)
1905:(1817β18)
1881:(1814β16)
1875:(1812β15)
1869:(1811β79)
1863:(1810β11)
1843:Mauritius
1815:(1808β09)
1797:(1806β07)
1773:(1803β05)
1736:(1798β99)
1706:(1795β96)
1700:(1795β96)
1676:(1789β92)
1652:(1781β82)
1646:(1779β84)
1640:(1775β82)
1634:(1775β83)
1622:(1773β74)
1616:(1769β73)
1610:(1765β71)
1604:(1763β66)
1598:(1762β63)
1586:(1758β61)
1580:(1756β65)
1574:(1756β63)
1568:(1754β63)
1562:(1749β55)
1556:(1746β63)
1550:(1744β48)
1544:(1740β42)
1538:(1722β25)
1532:(1715β17)
1526:(1711β15)
1520:(1702β13)
1495:(1688β97)
1489:(1688β91)
1477:(1686β90)
1471:(1675β78)
1447:(1654β60)
1441:(1654β67)
1435:(1649β53)
1429:(1641β53)
1417:(1634β38)
1387:(1609β46)
1320:photo at
920:Hlaingdet
880:DUFFERIN,
809:Bangalore
745:Irrawaddy
740:Thayetmyo
630:Indochina
614:Supayalat
610:Supayalay
544:romanized
436:Sindh War
2522:Malaysia
2444:Ethiopia
2342:Peshawar
2107:Manitoba
2089:Duar War
1385:Virginia
1189:Archived
1106:Archived
1002:See also
977:Ordnance
973:steamers
965:Calcutta
916:Yamethin
912:Pyinmana
766:Myingyan
758:Nyaung-U
685:Mandalay
654:Mandalay
145:Location
112:Part of
2516:Sarawak
2468:Sarawak
2360:Nigeria
2348:Mohmand
2336:Nigeria
2287:century
1945:Malacca
1939:Jamaica
1897:Algiers
1837:Reunion
1783:Surinam
1758:century
1704:Grenada
1698:Jamaica
1590:Jamaica
1511:century
1451:Jamaica
1379:Ireland
1372:century
1359:English
1276:, 1945)
1269:. 2006.
1195:17 June
1112:10 June
1075::
957:bullion
945:Britain
904:Toungoo
762:Pakokku
681:Rangoon
669:Toungoo
563:British
546::
535:Burmese
60:improve
2536:(1982)
2512:(1962)
2510:Brunei
2500:(1956)
2464:(1945)
2446:(1943)
2428:(1935)
2404:(1925)
2398:(1923)
2386:(1921)
2380:(1920)
2368:(1919)
2362:(1918)
2356:(1917)
2354:Quebec
2344:(1915)
2338:(1915)
2332:(1915)
2314:(1906)
2265:(1899)
2247:(1897)
2241:(1897)
2229:(1896)
2223:(1896)
2217:(1895)
2193:(1891)
2187:(1891)
2181:(1890)
2175:(1888)
2173:Hazara
2163:(1885)
2157:(1885)
2151:(1882)
2121:(1879)
2109:(1870)
2103:(1868)
2085:(1864)
2073:(1863)
2037:(1854)
2031:(1852)
2019:(1848)
2017:Ceylon
2007:(1847)
2005:Canton
1965:(1839)
1917:(1823)
1915:Guiana
1911:(1819)
1899:(1816)
1893:(1815)
1887:(1815)
1857:(1810)
1851:(1810)
1845:(1810)
1839:(1810)
1833:(1810)
1827:(1809)
1821:(1809)
1809:(1807)
1803:(1807)
1791:(1806)
1785:(1804)
1779:(1804)
1767:(1800)
1724:(1798)
1712:(1795)
1710:Ceylon
1694:(1795)
1688:(1794)
1670:(1789)
1658:(1786)
1628:(1774)
1592:(1762)
1483:(1687)
1465:(1664)
1459:(1662)
1439:Acadia
1423:(1641)
1411:(1628)
1409:Quebec
1405:(1626)
1399:(1622)
1393:(1612)
1391:Swally
1162:
1069:
750:Minhla
626:France
219:
155:Result
49:, but
2414:Tirah
2324:Tochi
2113:Perak
1879:Nepal
1801:Egypt
1728:Malta
1656:Assam
1499:Ghana
1397:Ormuz
995:Mogok
840:Bhamo
667:from
335:First
222:India
149:Burma
2528:Aden
2504:Oman
2486:Oman
2285:20th
1861:Java
1756:19th
1509:18th
1481:Siam
1370:17th
1197:2019
1160:ISBN
1114:2018
918:and
764:and
665:teak
529:The
137:Date
1873:USA
1084:".
963:in
817:Ava
695:War
167:in
2552::
1223:^
1205:^
1187:.
1183:.
1154:.
1136:^
1104:.
1044:^
898:.
869:.
768:.
760:,
581:.
541:,
537::
1361:/
1350:e
1343:t
1336:v
1199:.
1168:.
1116:.
938:.
533:(
298:e
291:t
284:v
85:)
79:(
74:)
70:(
56:.
20:)
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