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grain, 75% of the stored crop was saved. In another, Tennessee firefighters used a thermal imaging camera to detect a hidden fire inside a cinder railroad bed, resulting in an estimated $ 500,000 cost avoidance. Thermal imaging cameras have also been reported to be particularly useful for fighting fires in cellulose insulation, and for ascertaining that a structure is safe to reenter after a fire has been put out. Ventura County, California firefighters used their TIC to find a cat which had become sealed inside a walkway during construction.
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213:(FEMA) began issuing grants under the Firefighter Investment and Response Enhancement (FIRE) Act, which provided $ 100 million to U.S. fire agencies during that fiscal year. Many departments used these funds to purchase thermal imaging cameras. However, replacing a damaged thermal imaging camera can be a substantial challenge for a department which acquired the camera outside the normal budget process.
167:(the user has a hard time judging how far away objects are). This increases the likelihood that the user will trip over or run into obstacles, or have other distance-related problems. An additional limitation of infrared technology is that since materials at the same temperature are shown as the same color, the display will not depict many details normally viewable in visible light.
148:, or see the heat signature of visually obscured victims. They can be used to search for victims outdoors on a cool night, spot smoldering fires inside a wall, or detect overheating electrical wiring. Thermal imaging cameras were credited with saving multiple lives per year through victim identification and removal from low visibility conditions as early as 1999.
180:
While thermal imaging technology has long been in use in specialized law enforcement and military applications, its acceptance by the fire service has been hampered by the cost of the cameras. "The first documented civilian life saved with thermal imaging technology was following the 1985 Putney gas
159:
Benefits of helmet mounted TICs included that multiple firefighters each observed different aspects of a fire, while drawbacks included firefighters relaxing safety discipline. In timed testing, teams of firefighters with helmet-mounted cameras completed search tasks substantially faster, were less
155:
Prototypes of helmet-mounted thermal imaging cameras were first publicized in 1992, but a detailed evaluation of their performance in real world situations was not published until 2007. The model evaluated in 2007 weighed approximately 1.5 lbs, substantially increasing weight over an unadorned
151:
In addition to the ability to see through dense smoke, thermal imaging cameras also can see materials involved in spontaneous, low level combustion. In one documented instance, a TIC was used to isolate a smoldering hot spot in a grain storage facility; by isolating and removing only the affected
201:
called the thermal imaging camera "erhaps the best advance in fire equipment in the last 25 years—and the most expensive". Fire departments have pursued various sources and methods to fund thermal imaging cameras including direct budgeting, grants, and charity donations, among others. One fire
93:
A thermal imaging camera consists of five components: an optic system, detector, amplifier, signal processing, and display. Fire-service specific thermal imaging cameras incorporate these components in a heat-resistant, ruggedized, and waterproof housing. These parts work together to render
224:
as an avoidable factor contributing to firefighter injuries and deaths, and the fact that a thermal imaging cameras not used was cited in a 2005 NIOSH report as a contributing factor to the 2004 line of duty death of
Houston firefighter Kevin Kulow. One of the recommendations of the
105:
The camera display shows infrared output differentials, so two objects with the same temperature will appear to be the same "color". Many thermal imaging cameras use grayscale to represent normal temperature objects, but highlight dangerously hot surfaces in different colors.
171:
Recent developments include mounting infrared cameras to drones. The one of uses for thermal cameras on drones, is for the purpose of detecting anomalies in solar farms. Where manual diagnostics would take weeks, the use of thermal cameras on drones takes days.
127:
Laboratory has contributed to the effort. Preliminary recommendations from the field include visible low-battery warnings, ability to withstand full immersion in water, and the ability to provide meaningful visual readouts beyond 2,000 °F (~1,100 °C).
113:. A handheld camera requires one hand to position and operate, leaving only one free hand for other tasks, but can be easily transferred between firefighters. The majority of thermal imaging cameras in use in the fire service are handheld models.
1155:
216:
As departments began acquiring thermal imaging cameras, they were typically assigned to specialized units, such as heavy rescue and truck companies. Thermal imaging cameras are routinely assigned to
69:
While they are expensive pieces of equipment, their popularity and adoption by firefighters in the United States is increasing markedly due to the increased availability of government equipment
1060:
50:
to see areas of heat through smoke, darkness, or heat-permeable barriers. Thermal imaging cameras are typically handheld, but may be integrated with other pieces of equipment such as
1215:
156:
helmet. However, the ability to "use the devices while they were also pulling hose and carrying tools" was favorably received by firefighters evaluating the product.
58:. They are constructed using heat- and water-resistant housings, and ruggedized to withstand the hazards of fireground operations, often meeting the requirements of
730:
120:
Fire
Research division is the lead government agency developing performance standards for fire service thermal imaging cameras in the United States, although the
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932:
220:, to enable them to more effectively reach and free trapped firefighters. Since 2003, the lack of a properly used thermal imaging camera has been recognized by
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in 2001. Thermal imaging cameras pick up body heat, and they are normally used in cases where people are trapped where rescuers cannot find them.
117:
1969:
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post incident assessment and review team was "the purchase of a standard model thermal imaging camera for each engine and ladder company".
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disoriented, and used less air than teams with a single handheld camera, who in turn fared better than teams with no TIC at all.
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998:
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Since thermal imaging cameras can "see" through darkness or smoke, they allow firefighters to quickly find the seat of a
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1156:"Federal Report: Houston Fire Department Didn't Use Thermal Imager in Search for Fallen Firefighter in 2004 Blaze"
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933:"Technology at Work -- Firefighters Look Into the Future -- New Computers, Camera Can Spot Hidden Dangers"
188:, thermal imaging remained specialist equipment in the civilian fire services through into the 1990s. The
1831:
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1811:
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explosion in London.". While rapidly becoming standard in naval firefighting following the sinking of
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51:
247: – Device that allows visualization of images in levels of light approaching total darkness
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Cameras may be handheld, helmet-mounted, or integrated into other equipment such as an
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396:"Introduction of the latest thermal imaging camera – the Scott Eagle Imager 320"
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1178:"City of Charleston Post Incident Assessment and Review Team Phase 1 Report"
2010:
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acquired its first thermal imaging camera in 1997, for a cost of $ 16,000.
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19:
This article is about thermal imaging in firefighting. For other uses, see
2015:
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2005:
2000:
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701:
McLees, Mark (2008-06-01). ""Going Green" May Make You "See Red"".
1061:"Massachusetts Department Looks to Replace Thermal Imaging Camera"
1220:
1203:
269:"Technology Roundup: Firefighting Technology Research at NIST"
163:
A limitation of these and similar devices has been their poor
1572:
335:"Raytheon Unveils Thermal-Eye X100XP Thermal Imaging Camera"
1216:
Thermal camera applications in mainstream physical security
1023:
Elliott, Fred (2001-11-01). "A Financial Shot in the Arm".
1001:. Riverhead, NY Fire Department. 2002-04-11. Archived from
98:, such as that given off by warm objects or flames, into a
202:
chief observed that the same sorts of cost issues plagued
909:
813:
753:"California Firefighters Use Thermal-Imaging to Find Cat"
1120:
731:"Thermal Imaging Cameras: Helping to Pick Up The Pieces"
266:
305:
Molinaro, Hope (2004-04-01). "Where there's Smoke...".
140:
A view of a truck tire through a thermal imaging camera
874:"we usually consider that depth is not significant."
398:. Firefightingcanada.com. 2008-08-22. Archived from
1087:
617:"Thermal Imaging Camera Credited for Saving Child"
332:See any manufacturer's promotional material, e.g.
2192:
680:"AEDC Helps Local Company Save Nearly $ 500,000"
557:"Liberty, Ohio, firefighters receive FEMA grant"
64:Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service
1121:Klaene, Bernard J.; Russell E. Sanders (2007).
241: – Sensor designed to detect flame or fire
1058:
973:"New Firefighter Gear Calls for Money to Burn"
267:Madrzykowski, Dan; Steve Kerber (2008-05-01).
118:National Institute of Standards and Technology
1236:
1049:(subscription required for access to content)
801:(subscription required for access to content)
719:(subscription required for access to content)
691:(subscription required for access to content)
669:(subscription required for access to content)
542:(subscription required for access to content)
504:(subscription required for access to content)
453:(subscription required for access to content)
323:(subscription required for access to content)
295:(subscription required for access to content)
1970:Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel
775:"Helmet Camera Lends a Hand to Firefighters"
206:acquisitions during their initial adoption.
471:
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1802:International Association of Fire Fighters
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478:"Using Hands-Free Thermal Imaging Cameras"
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84:
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1088:Kolomay, Richard; Robert Hoff (2003).
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513:
361:
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16:Thermal imaging camera in firefighting
1224:
1127:. Jones & Bartlett. p. 135.
845:
804:
772:
424:
2135:
1960:Modular Airborne FireFighting System
1059:Quadros Bowles, Sandy (2007-10-01).
970:
575:
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475:
413:
357:
355:
353:
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38:used in firefighting. By rendering
1078:
964:
555:Goodwin, John W. Jr. (2008-07-30).
211:Federal Emergency Management Agency
13:
1608:Self-contained breathing apparatus
1308:Firefighter assist and search team
1114:
999:"Employing heat for safety's sake"
930:
585:Fire Officer's Handbook of Tactics
14:
2227:
1197:
1176:Routley, J. Gordon (2007-10-16).
1091:Firefighter Rescue & Survival
729:Studer, Michael A. (2004-07-29).
545:
348:
89:A handheld thermal imaging camera
2170:
2158:
2146:
2134:
2123:
2122:
1333:Fire department ranks by country
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1202:
1025:Occupational Health & Safety
227:Charleston Sofa Super Store fire
2171:
1807:International Firefighters' Day
1767:Candidate Physical Ability Test
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1052:
1016:
991:
931:Tu, Janet I-Chin (2007-08-18).
924:
898:
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814:Kemah (Texas) Fire Department.
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744:
722:
694:
672:
634:
608:
514:Little, David A. (2005-04-01).
368:. PennWell Books. p. 421.
80:
1318:Special operations firefighter
971:Ivey, Catherine (2000-04-02).
507:
425:Smith, Hezedean (2007-08-01).
388:
326:
298:
1:
1857:Wildfire emergency management
1424:Hazardous materials apparatus
906:"On This Day 10 January 1985"
682:. eMediaMillWorks. 2002-01-24
615:Lozare, Nicole (1999-10-10).
476:Boyd, Jonathan (2007-05-01).
251:
102:representation in real time.
7:
1832:World Police and Fire Games
1787:Fire protection engineering
1154:Murphy, Bill (2005-10-05).
1063:. Firehouse. Archived from
821:. p. 2. Archived from
751:Foxman, Adam (2008-10-21).
641:Buzard, Eric (2005-09-01).
619:. Firehouse. Archived from
232:
10:
2232:
2080:Glossary of wildfire terms
1812:List of firefighting films
1260:Personnel and organization
846:Lloyd, J. Michael (1975).
773:Marks, Paul (1992-09-19).
175:
18:
2118:
2097:
2072:
2029:
1988:
1870:
1849:
1840:
1792:Geography of firefighting
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1631:
1452:
1384:
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1323:Volunteer fire department
1258:
30:(colloquially known as a
2110:Template:Fire protection
1827:World Firefighters Games
1721:Gaseous fire suppression
816:"Thermal Imaging Camera"
362:Avillo, Anthony (2002).
218:Rapid Intervention Teams
131:
1797:History of firefighting
1209:Thermal imaging cameras
1124:Structural Firefighting
850:Thermal Imaging Systems
190:Seattle Fire Department
2206:Firefighting equipment
1935:Firefighting apparatus
1623:Thermal imaging camera
1603:Secure information box
1419:Firefighting apparatus
141:
90:
28:thermal imaging camera
1980:Wildland water tender
1562:Hydraulic rescue tool
1328:Women in firefighting
1211:at Wikimedia Commons
582:Norman, John (2005).
365:Fireground Strategies
139:
88:
46:, such cameras allow
2021:Wildland fire module
1975:Wildland fire engine
1862:Wildfire suppression
1399:Fire command vehicle
1394:Airport crash tender
1293:Retained firefighter
307:Plastics Engineering
75:September 11 attacks
36:thermographic camera
21:thermographic camera
1880:Aerial firefighting
1736:Stop, drop and roll
1726:Multiple-alarm fire
1593:Portable water tank
1502:Fire proximity suit
643:"Fresh Set of Eyes"
245:Night-vision device
34:) is a type of the
1920:Fire retardant gel
1905:Fire lookout tower
1578:New York roof hook
1429:Light and air unit
1366:Fire lookout tower
1273:Chief fire officer
1094:. PennWell Books.
887:. 28 November 2022
588:. PennWell Books.
142:
96:infrared radiation
91:
40:infrared radiation
2186:
2185:
2093:
2092:
2085:List of wildfires
1945:Helicopter bucket
1940:Firefighting foam
1542:Hard suction hose
1487:Fire extinguisher
1477:Fire brigade keys
1207:Media related to
1134:978-0-7637-5168-5
978:Los Angeles Times
427:"Image Conscious"
198:Los Angeles Times
2223:
2211:Infrared imaging
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2150:
2149:
2138:
2137:
2126:
2125:
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1846:
1782:Fire photography
1564:("Jaws of life")
1522:Fireman's switch
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1067:on July 31, 2007
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949:. Archived from
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885:"The 50Cal Blog"
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482:Fire Engineering
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273:Fire Engineering
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165:depth perception
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2201:Cameras by type
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2089:
2068:
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1984:
1885:Controlled burn
1872:
1866:
1836:
1777:Fire engine red
1755:
1746:Two-in, two-out
1701:Fireman's carry
1627:
1527:Flame retardant
1448:
1409:Fire motorcycle
1380:
1354:Fire department
1337:
1288:Station officer
1268:Battalion chief
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1005:on June 9, 2008
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755:. Firehouse.com
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1915:Fire retardant
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1741:Structure fire
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1666:Door breaching
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1618:Smoke detector
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1514:
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1507:Fire retardant
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1439:Rescue vehicle
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1198:External links
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2216:Surveillance
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2128:
2037:Ancient Rome
2011:Hotshot crew
1996:Fire lookout
1895:Fire flapper
1686:Fire control
1651:Chimney fire
1622:
1537:Halligan bar
1512:Fire shelter
1497:Fire hydrant
1472:Fire blanket
1467:Escape chair
1444:Water tender
1371:Fire station
1298:Fire marshal
1278:Fire captain
1252:Firefighting
1201:
1185:. Retrieved
1171:
1160:. Retrieved
1149:
1138:. Retrieved
1123:
1116:
1105:. Retrieved
1090:
1069:. Retrieved
1065:the original
1054:
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1007:. Retrieved
1003:the original
993:
982:. Retrieved
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951:the original
936:
926:
914:. Retrieved
912:. 1985-01-10
900:
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830:. Retrieved
823:the original
794:. Retrieved
785:(1839): 22.
782:
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757:. Retrieved
746:
735:. Retrieved
724:
709:(6): 46–49.
706:
702:
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684:. Retrieved
674:
662:. Retrieved
653:(9): 82–85.
650:
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625:. Retrieved
621:the original
610:
599:. Retrieved
584:
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566:. Retrieved
560:
535:. Retrieved
523:
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497:. Retrieved
488:(5): 95–97.
485:
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446:. Retrieved
434:
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404:. Retrieved
400:the original
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337:. 2003-12-01
328:
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288:. Retrieved
276:
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143:
125:Night Vision
115:
108:
104:
92:
81:Construction
68:
63:
48:firefighters
31:
27:
25:
2030:By location
2016:Smokejumper
1873:and tactics
1751:Ventilation
1691:Fire safety
1676:False alarm
1633:Terminology
1583:PASS device
1557:Hose bridge
1547:Hazmat suit
1482:Fire bucket
1462:Bunker gear
1404:Fire engine
1349:Drill tower
1303:Fire police
1183:. Firehouse
1158:. Firehouse
733:. Firehouse
2195:Categories
2062:Washington
2057:California
1925:Fire trail
1871:Equipment
1711:Flash fire
1681:Fire class
1661:Deluge gun
1598:Rotary saw
1568:Kelly tool
1532:Fog nozzle
1376:Hose tower
1342:Facilities
1283:Fire chief
1187:2008-10-12
1162:2008-10-12
1140:2008-09-19
1107:2008-09-18
1071:2008-10-12
1031:(11): 32.
1009:2008-09-19
984:2008-09-19
957:2016-04-23
916:25 October
891:2022-11-29
858:. p.
832:2008-10-12
796:2008-09-18
759:2008-10-29
737:2008-10-12
686:2008-09-19
664:2008-09-18
647:Fire Chief
627:2008-10-12
601:2008-09-19
568:2008-09-17
537:2008-09-18
520:Fire Chief
499:2008-09-17
448:2008-09-19
437:(8): 120.
431:Fire Chief
406:2008-09-19
381:2008-09-18
341:2008-09-19
290:2008-09-18
252:References
2042:Australia
1989:Personnel
1950:Hose pack
1930:Firebreak
1910:Fire rake
1900:Fire hose
1890:Driptorch
1842:Wildfires
1772:Fire camp
1716:Flashover
1646:Barn fire
1641:Backdraft
1492:Fire hose
1454:Equipment
1386:Apparatus
1045:221059400
947:0745-9696
791:0262-4079
715:229578767
703:Firehouse
659:0015-2552
532:0015-2552
526:(4): 92.
494:0015-2587
443:0015-2552
319:213890746
313:(4): 14.
285:0015-2587
279:(5): 68.
185:Sheffield
183:HMS
122:U.S. Army
2153:Glossary
2129:Category
2098:See also
2006:Helitack
2001:Handcrew
1731:Rollover
1706:Firewall
1414:Fireboat
1313:Handcrew
1041:ProQuest
1037:11723648
856:Springer
711:ProQuest
315:ProQuest
233:See also
2177:Outline
2141:Commons
2052:History
1965:Pulaski
1850:General
1588:The pig
176:History
52:helmets
1955:McLeod
1817:Muster
1131:
1098:
1043:
1035:
945:
866:
789:
713:
657:
592:
530:
492:
441:
372:
317:
283:
71:grants
62:1801,
2165:Index
2073:Lists
1671:Draft
1613:Siren
1573:Nomex
1434:Quint
1181:(PDF)
826:(PDF)
819:(PDF)
222:NIOSH
132:Usage
56:SCBAs
1359:list
1129:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1033:PMID
943:ISSN
918:2015
864:ISBN
787:ISSN
655:ISSN
590:ISBN
528:ISSN
490:ISSN
439:ISSN
370:ISBN
281:ISSN
204:SCBA
116:The
111:SCBA
60:NFPA
54:and
910:BBC
783:135
486:160
277:161
42:as
32:TIC
2197::
1080:^
1039:.
1029:70
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975:.
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908:.
862:.
860:70
854:.
806:^
781:.
777:.
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651:49
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559:.
547:^
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522:.
518:.
484:.
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458:^
435:51
433:.
429:.
415:^
350:^
311:60
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275:.
271:.
259:^
66:.
26:A
1244:e
1237:t
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23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
