36:
1027:
618:" (ie. the amount of time that the tube has power running through it) which increases the device's lifespan. Autogating also enhances the Bright-Source Protection (BSP), which reduces the voltage supplied to the photocathode in response to ambient light levels. Automatic Brightness Control (ABC) modulates the amount of voltage supplied to the microchannel plate (rather than the photocathode) in response to ambient light. Together, BSP and ABC (alongside autogating) serves to prevent temporary blindness for the user and prevent damage to the tube when the night vision device is exposed to sudden bright sources of light, like a
74:
1328:
1019:
55:
640:
1305:
796:
463:
531:
1317:
20:
405:
1270:
77:
81:
80:
76:
75:
1121:
82:
1592:: a 2010–2011 summary of state hunting regulations for the use of night-vision equipment in hunting listed 13 states in which the equipment is prohibited, 17 states with various restrictions (e.g. only for certain non-game species, and/or in a certain date range), and 20 states without restrictions. It did not summarize the regulations for thermal-imaging equipment.
79:
815:) and/or long (LWIR 8-14 μm) wavelength range. Initial models appeared in the 2000s. Dedicated fusion devices and clip-on imagers that add a thermal overlay to standard I² night vision devices are available. Fusion combines excellent navigation and fine details (I²), with easy heat signature detection (imaging).
644:
microchannel plate (red). Each electron causes multiple electrons to be released from the microchannel plate. The electrons are drawn to the higher-voltage phosphor screen (green). Electrons that strike the phosphor screen cause the phosphor to produce photons of light viewable through the eyepiece lenses.
1255:
metasurface with a pump beam. The metasurface boosts the photons' energy, pushing them into the visible spectrum without converting them to electrons. Cooling is not required. Visible and infrared light appear in a single image. Traditionally, night-vision systems capture side-by-side views from each
1225:
system (AlGaAs). It is particularly sensitive to that are mid-length infrared waves. The
Corrugated QWIP (CQWIP) broadens detection capacity by using a resonance superstructure to orient more of the electric field parallel, so that it can be absorbed. Although cryogenic cooling between 77 K and
702:
The consumer market sometimes classifies such systems as
Generation 4, the United States military describes these systems as Generation 3 autogated tubes (GEN III OMNI V-IX). Moreover, as autogating power supplies can be added to any previous generation of night-vision devices, autogating capability
643:
Generation II, III and IV devices use a microchannel plate for amplification. Photons from a dimly lit source enter the objective lens (on the left) and strike the photocathode (gray plate). The photocathode (which is negatively biased) releases electrons, which are accelerated to the higher-voltage
1144:
WFoV BNVD: variant of the AN/PVS-31A which incorporates both F-NVG and DIT-NVG. The foveal WFoV optics increase the FoV of each tube from 40° to 55°, while the angulation of the tubes positions them so there is a 40° overlap of binocular vision in the center and a total 70° FoV. It offers a FoM of
648:
OMNI, or OMNIBUS, refers to a series of contracts through which the US Army purchased GEN III night vision devices. This started with OMNI I, which procured AN/PVS-7A and AN/PVS-7B devices, then continued with OMNI II (1990), OMNI III (1992), OMNI IV (1996), OMNI V (1998), OMNI VI (2002), OMNI VII
1190:
Ceramic
Optical Ruggedized Engine (CORE) produces higher-performance Gen 1 tubes by replacing the glass plate with a ceramic plate. This plate is produced from specially formulated ceramic and metal alloys. Edge distortion is improved, photo sensitivity is increased, and the resolution can be as
652:
However, OMNI is not a specification. The performance of a particular device generally depends upon the tube which is used. For example, a GEN III OMNI III MX-10160A/AVS-6 tube performs similarly to a GEN III OMNI VII MX-10160A/AVS-6 tube, even though the former was manufactured in ~1992 and the
818:
Fusion modes include night vision with thermal overlay, night vision only, thermal only, and others such as outline (which outlines objects that have thermal signatures) or "decamouflage", which highlights all objects that are of near-human temperature. Fusion devices are heavier and more power
1133:
Diverging image tube (DIT) night vision increases FoV by angle the tubes slightly outward. This increases peripheral FoV but causes distortion and reduced image quality. With DIT, users are no longer looking through the center of the tubes (which provides the clearest images) and light passing
1096:
which is responsible for central vision. These devices have users look "straight through" the tubes so light passing through the center of the tube falls on the foveal retina, as is the case with traditional binocular NVGs. The increased FoV comes at the price of image quality and edge
314:, who in early 1941 provided compact, lightweight image converter tubes. By July 1942 the British had produced a binocular apparatus called 'Design E'. This was bulky, needing an external power pack generating 7,000 volts, but saw limited use with amphibious vehicles of
1598:: possessing a device "designed for or adaptable to use on a firearm which, through the use of a projected infrared light source and electronic telescope, enables the operator thereof to visually determine and locate the presence of objects during the night-time" is a
163:
is often mounted to the weapon. The laser sight produces an infrared beam that is visible only through an NVD and aids with aiming. Some night vision devices are made to be mounted to firearms. These can be used in conjunction with weapon sights or standalone; some
622:
or artificial lighting. These modulation systems also help maintain a steady illumination level in the user's view that improves the ability to keep "eyes on target" in spite of temporary light flashes. These functions are especially useful for pilots, soldiers in
678:
A removed or greatly thinned ion barrier that decreases the number of electrons that are rejected by GEN III MCP, hence resulting in less image noise. The disadvantage to a thin or removed ion barrier is the overall decrease in tube life from a theoretical
613:
Autogating (ATG) rapidly switches the power supply's voltage to the photocathode on and off. These switches are rapid enough that they are not detectable to the human eye and peak voltage supplied to the night vision device is maintained. This reduces the
243:
From late 1944 to March 1945 the German military conducted successful tests of FG 1250 sets mounted on
Panther Ausf. G tanks (and other variants). During the war, approximately 50 (or 63) Panthers were equipped with the FG 1250 and saw combat on both the
78:
35:
776:
The US government has recognized the fact that the technology itself makes little difference, as long as an operator can see clearly at night. Consequently, the United States bases export regulations directly on the figure of merit.
1608:, as of 2014, "A person may not possess night vision or thermal imaging equipment while taking wild animals or while having in possession that could be used to take wild animals." Law-enforcement and military use is exempt.
4053:
862:
Out of Band (OOB) refers to night vision technologies that operate outside the 500-900 nm NIR (near infrared) frequency range. This is possible with dedicated image intensifier tubes or with clip-on devices.
1245:, a III–V compound, which is common in opto-electronics in items such as DVDs and phones. A graded layer with increased atomic spacing and an intermediate layer of the GaAs substrate trap any potential defects.
1042:
has a FoV of 40, less than the 95° monocular horizontal FoV and humans' 190° binocular horizontal FoV. This forces users to turn their heads to compensate. This is particularly evident when flying, driving, or
3123:
1375:
is the model number. Different models introduced around the same time use the same type of batteries and mounting mechanism. Multi-weapon models have replaceable elevation scales, with one scale for the
263:
Parallel development occurred in the US. The M1 and M3 infrared night-sighting devices, also known as the "sniperscope" or "snooperscope", saw limited service with the US Army in World War II and in the
4263:
1178:. These devices can offer Gen-1-equivalent quality at a lower cost. At the higher end, SiOnyx has produced digital color NVGs. The "Opsin" of 2022 has a form factor and helmet weight similar to an
4083:
3654:
2712:
148:
green, as green was considered to be the easiest color to see for prolonged periods in the dark. Night vision devices may be passive, relying solely on ambient light, or may be active, using an
1578:: rescue helicopter services use US-made Gen3 goggles for use only according to US export regulations. Use of NVD for shooting non-indigenous game animals, such as rabbits, hares, deer, pigs,
4658:
330:
submachine guns. However, by
January 1945 the British had only made seven infra-red receiver sets. Although some were sent to India and Australia for trials before the end of 1945, by the
4309:
3548:
3247:
3764:
3616:
3027:
1456:
562:
to pass through. The ion barrier increased the "halo" effect around bright spots or light sources. Light amplification (and power consumption) with these devices improved to around
3981:
5289:
183:. The technology has evolved since then, involving "generations" of night-vision equipment with performance increases and price reductions. Consequently, though they are commonly
2991:
2676:
773:
By 2001, the United States federal government concluded that a tube's generation was not a determinant performance factor, obsoleting the term as a basis of export regulations.
1059:
Panoramic night vision goggles (PNVG) increase FoV by increasing the number of sensor tubes. This solution adds size, weight, power requirements, and complexity. An example is
1182:, but requires a separate battery pack. It offers a shorter battery life and lower sensitivity. It can however tolerate bright light and process a wider range of wavelengths.
1251:-based upconversion technology provides a night-vision film that weighs less than a gram and can be placed across ordinary glasses. Photons pass through a resonant non-local
4061:
1451:
4891:
Parush, Avi; Gauthier, Michelle S.; Arseneau, Lise; Tang, Denis (September 2011). "The Human
Factors of Night Vision Goggles: Perceptual, Cognitive, and Physical Factors".
3092:
3586:
3283:
3944:
3380:
1568:: possession is not regulated, but night-vision devices mounted on firearms require a permit. Using mounted night-vision equipment for hunting requires a permit in the
4736:
4603:
1685:
2557:
4566:
Section 19 5a of the German
Bundesjagdgesetz (BJagdG) states: "It is forbidden to use artificial light sources, mirrors, devices to illuminate or light targets, or
2962:
1710:
466:
A cut-open and depotted AN/PVS-5, showing the components of a night-vision device. This device was manufactured in 2nd generation (5A to 5C) and 3rd generation (5D)
4570:
devices with image converters or electronic amplification intended for guns." These aids are not banned for observation purposes but for catching or killing game.
4115:
3728:
2423:
4088:
3692:
1743:
4628:
1051:
to prefer white light rather than night vision when conducting CQB. As a result, much time and effort has gone into research to develop a wider FoV solution.
232:
started developing its first devices in 1935. In mid-1943, the German Army began testing infrared night-vision devices and telescopic rangefinders mounted on
4884:
4857:
4286:
1811:
4271:
478:. This produced a much brighter image, especially around the edges of the lens. This led to increased clarity in low ambient-light environments, such as
4093:
3667:
3518:
5314:
3412:
3385:
3216:
3032:
2722:
2717:
2362:
1690:
1226:
85 K is required, QWID technology may be appropriate for continuous surveillance viewing due to its claimed low cost and uniformity in materials.
2204:
2061:
1206:
between layers of glass that reacts to photons to brighten dark images. Prototypes absorb only 2.3% of light, which is not enough for practical use.
4812:
2748:
1665:
4580:
3319:
3060:
2785:
2234:
1775:
4157:
3794:
2096:
2877:
2491:
1952:
1165:) models, are "digital". Introduced in the late 2000s, these allow transmission of the image, at the cost of increased size, weight, power usage.
2459:
2326:
2294:
4821:
2931:
5309:
4322:
4128:
3561:
3263:
3211:
822:
One alternative is to use an I² device over one eye and a thermal device over the other eye, relying on the human visual system to provide a
3772:
3629:
3037:
2138:
240:("Sparrow Hawk"), with a range of up to 600 m, had a 30 cm infrared searchlight and an image converter operated by the tank commander.
4830:
3442:
3349:
2592:
1113:
741:
737:
3896:
2907:
136:
tube, a protective housing, and an optional mounting system. Many NVDs also include a protective sacrificial lens, mounted over the front/
3991:
1106:
983:
937:
733:
729:
725:
770:
In the late 1990s, innovations in photocathode technology significantly increased the SNR, with new tubes surpassing Gen 3 performance.
3001:
2684:
2628:
1063:(Ground Peripheral Night Vision Goggle). These goggles, and the aviation AN/AVS-10 PNVG from which they were derived, offer a 97° FoV.
784:
4793:
891:
780:
707:
appearing after a generation type (i.e., Gen II+, Gen III+) indicate improvement(s) over the original specification's requirements.
4013:
719:
1869:
381:, intended for civilian use. Zworykin's idea came from a former radio-guided missile. At that time, infrared was commonly called
4893:
4744:
4711:
4680:
4123:
3177:
3100:
326:
trialled man-portable night vision sets, and the
British later experimented with mounting the devices to Mark III and Mark II(S)
315:
3594:
1281:
about year of introduction and amplification factor for each model, so that a rough comparison with US generations can be made.
1210:
3293:
4837:
3955:
3869:
3390:
1026:
910:
3824:
2030:
3484:
2641:
1695:
4541:"Přehledně: Jaké změny přináší novela zákona o zbraních [What changes are coming with the Firearms Act Amendment]"
4540:
3476:
3256:
2565:
1899:
5299:
2970:
2847:
2817:
1720:
1004:
B.E. Meyers & Co. IZLID Ultra 1064 and 1550 (Infrared Zoom Laser
Illuminator Designator) (1064 nm, 1550 nm)
558:. In addition, the MCP was coated with an ion barrier film to increase tube life. However, the ion barrier allowed fewer
272:. These were active devices, using an infrared light source to illuminate targets. Their image-intensifier tubes used an
4465:
90:
A night-vision device (NVD), also known as a night optical/observation device (NOD) or night-vision goggle (NVG), is an
4132:
4022:
3739:
2434:
307:
3703:
1753:
4984:
4636:
2264:
1850:
44:
518:
Later advances brought GEN II+ devices (equipped with better optics, SUPERGEN tubes, improved resolution and better
1562:: civilian possession and trading of night-vision scopes is prohibited without permission from Union home ministry.
1256:
spectrum, so they can't produce identical images. Its frequency range is 1550-nm infrared to visible 550-nm light.
1168:
876:
4294:
1343:, have developed their own night-vision devices. Models used after 1960 by the Russian/Soviet Army are designated
675:
system regulates the photocathode voltage, allowing the NVD to instantaneously adapt to changing light conditions.
1490:
519:
323:
4230:
4206:
4188:
913:, can be spotted. OOB tech are much more difficult to spot with Gen III (depending on wavelength and intensity).
2523:
694:
MTTF for thin film types. This loss is largely negated by the low number of image-intensifier tubes that reach
667:
GEN III OMNI V–IX devices developed in the 2000s and onward can differ from earlier devices in important ways:
542:
Third-generation night-vision systems, developed in the late 1980s, maintained the MCP from Gen II, but used a
971:
B.E. Meyers & Co. MAWL-CLAD (Modular Aiming Weapon Laser--Covert Laser Aiming Device) (1064 nm laser)
5304:
5294:
3526:
3489:
2174:
1819:
3420:
2401:
4809:
2759:
2212:
2071:
1230:
763:(FoM) is a quantitative measure of a NVD's effectiveness and clarity. It is calculated using the number of
378:
249:
245:
2242:
872:
OOB device might see more on a starlit night because OOB devicee intensify any ambient, UV, or SWIR light.
4317:
3327:
3070:
2966:
2792:
1783:
767:
per millimeter that a user can detect multiplied by the image intensifier's signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio.
221:
217:
in the UK. Night vision technology prior to the end of World War II was later described as
Generation 0.
4165:
3802:
2093:
2885:
2636:
1639:
1377:
1242:
1222:
687:
299:
1960:
2501:
2469:
2336:
2304:
1982:
1234:
954:
946:
Photonis' 4G HyMa (Hybrid Multi-Alkali) image intensifier tubes (bandwidth of 350-1100 nm, from
783:
regulations specify that US-made tubes with a FOM greater than 1400 are not exportable; however, the
628:
67:
47:. Note that in addition to the image intensifier, the NVD gathers much more light by its much larger
4818:
2939:
1485:
to detect reflections from the focal elements of enemy optical systems and estimate their distance:
5263:
1284:
1238:
551:
3221:
5268:
4693:
3861:
1929:
1471:
491:
4366:
3450:
3357:
2603:
2148:
5190:
4827:
3907:
1656:
1650:
160:
106:
86:
First-person view through night-vision goggles of the FBI Hostage Rescue Team using an airboat.
5246:
4977:
3855:
3288:
3065:
2113:
1044:
992:
Rheinmetall FCS-RPAL (Fire Control System--Rheinmetall Precision Aiming Laser) (1550 nm)
547:
214:
2645:
1546:: law forbids such devices if their purpose is to be mounted on firearms except for hunting
1501:
5180:
3135:
2377:
1633:
1556:: night-vision devices for hunting is prohibited, although owning the devices is permitted.
1327:
704:
374:
229:
165:
141:
1237:, are used for high-performance infrared light-sensing cameras. An alternative within the
8:
5215:
5142:
5052:
1098:
880:
471:
210:
4027:
3139:
2381:
1602:. This essentially covers scopes using Gen0 technology, but not subsequent generations.
1283:
Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
16:
Device that allows visualization of images in levels of light approaching total darkness
5241:
5137:
5089:
5037:
4054:"Navy asks Kent Optronics to develop wide-field-of-view binocular night-vision goggles"
3151:
2496:
2464:
2393:
2331:
2299:
2143:
2002:
1956:
1877:
1642: – Electronic light sensing device sensitive to wavelengths into the near infrared
1340:
546:
photocathode, with improved resolution. GA photocathodes are primarily manufactured by
417:
310:, then with Philips' UK subsidiary Radio Transmission Equipment Ltd., and finally with
302:
assumed responsibility for British military infra-red research. They worked first with
137:
24:
3188:
2629:"P-431 (Rev. 09-21) FLIGHT TRAINING INSTRUCTION NIGHT VISION GOGGLE PHASE TH-57C 2021"
974:
LA-17/PEQ D-PILS (Dual-band Pointer and Illuminator Laser System) (1400-1600 nm)
5175:
3865:
3155:
2397:
2006:
1873:
1853:. Fort Belvoir, VA: Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate. Archived from
1627:
1534:: firearms legislation forbids night-vision devices that can be mounted on a firearm.
1389:
1381:
1175:
989:
Optics 1 ICUGR (Integrated Compact Ultralight Gun-mounted Rangefinder) (1550 nm)
804:
335:
319:
133:
118:
114:
1497:
1481:). The counter-sniper night sight is an active system that uses laser pulses from a
1018:
894:
restrictions, night vision proliferated among peer and near-peer countries and into
470:
1970s second-generation devices featured an improved image-intensifier tube using a
253:
5157:
5099:
5094:
5057:
5022:
4970:
4902:
4865:
3413:"B.E. MEYERS & CO. RELEASES THE MAWL-CLAD A NEW WAVELENGTH FOR THE MAWL SERIES"
3143:
2855:
2385:
1994:
1462:
1393:
1218:
1195:/mm. CORE is still considered Gen 1, as it does not utilize a microchannel plate.
884:
823:
764:
543:
487:
40:
4841:
4766:
4494:
1998:
5220:
5210:
5114:
5109:
5084:
5047:
5032:
5027:
3832:
2848:"How Night Vision Works in night vision Goggles, Scopes, Binoculars, Riflescopes"
2118:
2100:
2038:
1934:
1840:
as defined by the US Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD)
1645:
1252:
1089:
1085:
760:
425:
102:
94:
that allows visualization of images in low levels of light, improving the user's
91:
28:
27:
aviator uses a pair of helmet-mounted AN/AVS-6 vision goggles. The effect on the
4659:"Available online in India: Military-grade equipment banned for commercial sale"
4084:"N-Vision Optics Announces New Wide Field of View PVS-15 Night Vision Binocular"
703:
does not automatically put the devices in a particular OMNI classification. Any
664:
that was included in the OMNI VII contract. The thin-film improves performance.
5152:
4014:"Navy SBIR/STTR Success Wide Field-of-View Foveal-Night Vision Goggle Retrofit"
3493:
2818:"www.nivitech.com / Nightvision Technology / Principles of Nightvision Devices"
1907:
1537:
1171:
1048:
841:
AN/PSQ-36 FGE (Fusion Goggle Enhanced, previously FGS for Fusion Goggle System)
799:
A comparison of I² only night vision (above) and I² plus thermal fusion (below)
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4339:
4249:
3765:"BE MEYERS & CO RELEASES IZLID ULTRA IN 1064 NM AND 1550 NM SWIR VARIANTS"
2825:
2389:
2272:
391:. Zworykin's invention was not a success due to its large size and high cost.
5283:
5067:
5012:
4906:
4898:
4861:
4473:
2996:
2066:
1815:
1748:
1711:"The Army's New Night-Vision Goggles Look Like Technology Stolen From Aliens"
1621:
1589:
1145:
2706, better than the FoM in either the GPNVG-18 and the standard AN/PVS-31A.
1035:
916:
OOB that operate in the 1550nm range can perceive typical laser rangefinders.
624:
338:
the British were using night vision equipment supplied by the United States.
156:
110:
1429:
refractor-based night sight for a range of small arms and grenade launchers.
1413:
reflector-based night sight for a range of small arms and grenade launchers.
639:
5253:
5205:
5147:
5104:
4567:
1385:
1336:
1199:
808:
672:
619:
475:
429:
277:
233:
225:
184:
176:
172:
122:
95:
54:
4694:"A 50 State guide – is night vision legal to use for hunting in my State?"
3655:"FCS-TACRAY BALLISTIC TACTICAL LASER RANGE FINDER WITH BALLISTIC COMPUTER"
1854:
1630: – Vacuum tube device for increasing the intensity of available light
1174:
technology enables NVGs that combine a camera and a display instead of an
995:
Rheinmetall FCS-TRB (Fire Control System--TacRay Ballistic) (1550 nm)
5119:
3662:
3624:
3556:
3124:"Laser designator protection filter for see-spot thermal imaging systems"
1599:
1575:
1565:
1482:
1248:
1022:
A US airman tests AN/AVS-10 panoramic night-vision goggles in March 2006.
977:
947:
421:
388:
383:
295:
An experimental Soviet device called the PAU-2 was field-tested in 1942.
180:
3212:"Friday Night Lights: Night Vision OOB (Out Of Band) – Fact Or Fiction?"
905:. Friendly forces using night vision equipment such as IR illuminators,
292:, and electrostatic inversion with electron acceleration produced gain.
5129:
5042:
4395:
NIGHT BINOCULARS 1PN50 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
4367:"Night-vision lenses so thin and light that we can all see in the dark"
3249:
OUT-OF-BAND COUNTERMEASURE CAPABILITIES OF 4G SPECIFICATION IMAGE TUBES
3183:
2713:"Friday Night Lights: Understanding Night Vision Specs And Generations"
2031:"Vietnam Era Night Vision: SU49/PAS 5 NVG and PAS 6 Infrared Metascope"
1595:
1401:
1358:
1304:
1152:
monoculars and allows them to be angled. outward or positioned parallel
986:
STORM, STORM-PI, STORM-SLX, STORM II; and L3Harris SPEAR (1570 nm)
887:, which typically use 1064nm light, which is barely visible to Gen III.
812:
615:
331:
265:
145:
4391:БИНОКЛЬ НОЧНОЙ 1ПН50 ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ И ИНСТРУКЦИЯ ПО ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
3147:
3122:
Donval, Ariela; Fisher, Tali; Lipman, Ofir; Oron, Moshe (1 May 2012).
1321:
795:
462:
5236:
5079:
5062:
1605:
1547:
1515:
1179:
1162:
1149:
1148:
Noise Fighters Panobridge: binocular bridge mount which combines two
1039:
906:
895:
844:
835:
714:
657:
596:
588:
555:
437:
424:. They were an adaptation of earlier active technology and relied on
409:
4321:. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Archived from
3982:"The Four-Eyed Night Vision Goggles That Helped Take Down Bin Laden"
2531:
1047:, which involves split second decisions. These limitations led many
5258:
5017:
4962:
4929:
US 4707595 - Invisible light beam projector and night vision system
4581:"Lust auf Nachtjagd geht nicht ohne Nachtsichtgeräte Thermalgeräte"
3945:"TNVC, INC. WFOV (WIDE FIELD OF VIEW) NIGHT VISION GOGGLE OVERVIEW"
2182:
1213:
developed quantum-well infrared detector (QWID). This technology's
1203:
1070:
1060:
998:
Wilcox RAPTAR S (Rapid Targeting and Ranging Module) (1550 nm)
902:
748:
661:
577:
559:
535:
530:
509:
504:
479:
196:
192:
149:
140:
to prevent damage by environmental hazards, while some incorporate
48:
4518:
3477:"Assessment for the Safe Use of Lasers: Pabarade Range, Lithuania"
3085:
3028:"FRIDAY NIGHT LIGHTS: DIY Thermal Fusion – By Our Powers Combined"
2969:
Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Archived from
2424:"Differences between Gen3 and 4G image intensification technology"
19:
5195:
5185:
5167:
5074:
5003:
4994:
4629:"THERMAL VISION TECHNOLOGY A MAJOR BENEFIT TO THE HUNTING MARKET"
4427:ИЗДЕЛИЕ 1ПН51-2 ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ И ИНСТРУКЦИЯ ПО ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
4340:"Researchers Develop New Material for Army Night-Time Operations"
3986:
3134:(Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVIII): 835324–835324–8.
1715:
1583:
1553:
1543:
1531:
1416:
1214:
899:
303:
237:
63:
59:
4431:
PRODUCT 1PN51-2 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
4308:
Ratches, James; Chait, Richard; Lyons, John W. (February 2013).
2172:
1269:
377:
developed the first practical commercial night-vision device at
213:
invented an infrared-sensitive electronic television camera for
125:
and operates in a different section of the infrared spectrum.
4794:"Would night vision make coyote hunting safer? Divisions arise"
4445:ИЗДЕЛИЕ 1ПН58 ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ И ИНСТРУКЦИЯ ПО ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
4409:ИЗДЕЛИЕ 1ПН51 ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ И ИНСТРУКЦИЯ ПО ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
1686:"Night Vision Devices Releases Lightweight Sacrificial Windows"
1569:
1420:
1134:
through the center of the tubes no longer falls on the fovea.
1093:
1088:
to increase the field of view through an intensifier tube. The
428:
instead of using an extra infrared light source. Using an S-20
404:
289:
285:
281:
269:
257:
188:
4449:
PRODUCT 1PN58 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
4413:
PRODUCT 1PN51 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
3617:"FCS-RPAL TACTICAL LASER RANGE FINDER WITH BALLISTIC COMPUTER"
1900:"German Infrared Night-Vision Devices – Infrarot-Scheinwerfer"
1776:"Why You Should Consider Adding a Clip On Night Vision Device"
1316:
1007:
Optics 1 CTAM (Coded Target Acquisition Marker) (1064 nm)
3587:"ICUGR Integrated Compact Ultralight Gun-Mounted Rangefinder"
1559:
1521:
1PN123 counter-sniper night sight for the SV-98 sniper rifle.
1443:
1433:
1426:
1410:
933:
Photonis 4G INTENS image intensifier tubes (350-1100 nm)
890:
OOB light is not visible to most commercial devices. Despite
522:), though the label is not formally recognized by the NVESD.
273:
4310:"Some Recent Sensor-Related Army Critical Technology Events"
3693:"RAPTAR S RAPID TARGETING & RANGING MODULE - HIGH POWER"
3405:
2677:"Through a Glass, Darkly: Night Vision Gives US Troops Edge"
2674:
1120:
4936:
US 4991183 - Target illuminators and systems employing same
3825:"L3HARRIS M914A (PVS-14) UNFILMED WHITE PHOSPHOR 2376+ FOM"
2908:"Night Vision Specifications: Understanding What They Mean"
1983:"British development of infra-red weapon sights, 1938–1953"
1659: – Laser device used to assist the aiming of a firearm
1579:
1508:
1001:
Wilcox MRF Xe (Micro Range Finder--Enhanced) (1550 nm)
957:
Imager)provides an overlay (in the 900-1700 nm range).
682:
327:
4890:
4519:"Wapenwet – Gecoördineerde versie | Wapenunie Online"
2551:
2549:
1439:
1PN110, a more recent (~Gen 3) night sight for the RPG-29.
1209:
The Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate (SEDD) of the
1161:
Some night vision devices, including several of the ENVG (
850:
AN/PSQ-44 ENVG-B (Enhanced Night Vision Goggles-Binocular)
4810:
TNVC guide to night vision generations and specifications
3890:
3888:
1309:
980:
LM-VAMPIR (Laser Module--VAriable Multi Purpose InfraRed)
311:
4150:
4108:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3435:
1540:: not regulated. Previously only available for hunting.
853:
AN/PAS-29 COTI/E-COTI: (Enhanced) Clip-On Thermal Imager
195:
users for applications including aviation, driving, and
5290:
Armoured fighting vehicle vision and sighting equipment
4950:
US 6158879 - Infrared reflector and illumination system
4604:"Wildschwein-Jagd mit Nachtsichtgeräten in NRW erlaubt"
3973:
3128:
Proceedings of SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing 2012
2984:
2961:
Bialos, Jeffrey P.; Koehl, Stuart L. (September 2005).
2587:
2585:
2583:
2558:"Image Intensification: The Technology of Night Vision"
2546:
2168:
2166:
3885:
3121:
2356:
2354:
787:(DTSA) can waive that policy on a case-by-case basis.
631:
who may be exposed to rapidly changing light levels.
113:
which can then be seen by humans; this is known as I (
4532:
3925:
3284:"SMALL PRECISION ENHANCED AIMING RANGEFINDER (SPEAR)"
3241:
3239:
2175:""Fight at Night!" U.S. Army Night Vision, 1945-1980"
1953:"Image Intensification Tube Technology and Evolution"
1767:
1476:
1442:
1PN113, a night sight similar to the 1PN110, for the
953:
Safran Optics 1's AN/PAS-34 E-COSI (Enhanced Clip-On
656:
One particular technology, PINNACLE is a proprietary
43:
augmented with a night-vision device in front on the
3313:
3311:
2992:"Thermal Camera Specs You Should Know Before Buying"
2621:
2580:
2163:
634:
168:
have been designed to provide similar capabilities.
3897:"GPNVG-18 L-3 Ground Panoramic Night Vision Goggle"
3475:Schuster, Kurt; Kelly, Edward (18 September 2018).
3470:
3468:
3381:"SWIR MAWL-CLAD – Now Even More Invisible IR Laser"
2954:
2351:
1407:
1PN50 refractor-based night observation binoculars.
1320:NSPU (1PN34) 3.5× night-vision scope mounted on an
432:, their image intensifiers amplified light around
4045:
3729:"MRF Xe MICRO RANGE FINDER - ENHANCED - LOW POWER"
3236:
2670:
2668:
2666:
416:First-generation passive devices developed by the
155:Night vision devices may be handheld or attach to
4686:
4495:"Anti-Sniper Special Purpose Night Vision Sights"
4307:
4231:"Night Vision: Digital vs Analog, which is best?"
4207:"Night Vision: Digital vs Analog, which is best?"
3308:
3169:
2644:. 14 September 2021. pp. 2–5. Archived from
2492:"AN/PVS-14, MONOCULAR NIGHT VISION DEVICE (MNVD)"
2133:
2131:
2129:
1947:
1945:
1666:List of military electronics of the United States
1400:1PN34 refractor-based night sight for a range of
1112:WFoV BNVD (combined F-NVG and DIT-NVG variant of
1054:
940:(Enhanced Clip-On SWIR Imager) (900-1700 nm)
5281:
4828:Night Vision Devices Modeling and Optimal Design
4250:"SiOnyx Opsin: Digital Night Vision HAS ARRIVED"
4006:
3465:
3061:"This is How the Army Fights Wars "In the Dark""
1805:
1803:
1801:
847:ENVG-B (Enhanced Night Vision Goggles-Binocular)
191:agencies, night vision devices are available to
4881:Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate
4840:. Pointoptics.com. 7 April 2020. Archived from
4256:
4116:"Evolution of USASOC Future Force Capabilities"
3685:
3519:"5855-01-643-0982 (14300-3200, LA-17/PEQ) Data"
3052:
2663:
2025:
2023:
1450:The Russian army fielded a series of so-called
1331:1PN93-2 night-vision scope mounted on a RPG-7D3
1084:Foveated night vision (F-NVG) uses specialized
875:OOB devices image 1064nm light, which can help
811:, which functions in the medium (MWIR 3-5
3757:
3579:
3342:
2924:
2870:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2126:
1942:
1653: – Thermal imaging camera in firefighting
1308:Active night-vision scope NSP-2 mounted on an
1034:Night vision devices typically have a limited
436:-fold, but they were quite bulky and required
412:rifle fitted with the AN/PVS-2 Starlight scope
4978:
4460:
4458:
4433:] (in Russian). September 1991. 52 pages.
3787:
3721:
3511:
3474:
3372:
3320:"Safran completes its night vision portfolio"
3176:Tishman, Jon; Schoen, Dan (22 January 2021).
3175:
3115:
3021:
3019:
2878:"AN/PVS-22 Universal Night Sight Attachement"
2742:
2740:
1798:
1366:
1348:
1124:Diagram of the WFoV BNVD, based on AN/PVS-31A
4451:] (in Russian). February 1991. 53 pages.
4287:"Collaboration between DefenseTech and LEON"
3853:
3278:
3276:
3203:
2791:. Law Enforcement Technology. Archived from
2020:
1432:1PN93-2 reflector-based night sight for the
220:Night-vision devices were introduced in the
4943:US 6075644 - Panoramic night vision goggles
4785:
4415:] (in Russian). January 1992. 48 pages.
4187:Reviews, Best Binocular (30 October 2012).
3549:"LM-VAMPIR VARIABLE MULTI PURPOSE INFRARED"
2960:
2932:"Night Vision Specifications (2021 UPDATE)"
2699:
2675:Defense Industry Daily staff (6 May 2016).
2411:
2360:
1361:of night-vision devices. The PN stands for
360:T-120 Sniperscope, 1st model (World War II)
4985:
4971:
4819:Nitewalker guide to night vision equipment
4455:
4247:
3647:
3093:"Adapter for mounting NOX18 to Panobridge"
3016:
2737:
1514:1PN121 counter-sniper night sight for the
1507:1PN120 counter-sniper night sight for the
1496:1PN119 counter-sniper night sight for the
1489:1PN106 counter-sniper night sight for the
926:Ground personnel, helmet-mounted imagers):
785:Defense Technology Security Administration
698:of operation before requiring replacement.
5315:Military electronics of the United States
3979:
3854:Howard, Ian P.; Rogers, Brian J. (1995).
3847:
3541:
3317:
3273:
2227:
1708:
1677:
964:Ground personnel, weapon-mounted lasers):
660:microchannel plate technology created by
236:. Two arrangements were constructed. The
4364:
4076:
3609:
2295:"AN/PVS-4 Individual Weapon Night Sight"
2114:"Black-Light Telescope Sees in the Dark"
1867:
1326:
1315:
1303:
1119:
1079:
1025:
1017:
794:
638:
529:
501:AN/PVS-3 Miniaturized night vision sight
461:
420:in the 1960s were introduced during the
403:
363:M2 Sniperscope, 2nd model (World War II)
72:
53:
34:
18:
4894:Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics
4759:
4681:Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand
4601:
4466:"1PN110 and 1PN113 Night Vision Sights"
4284:
4186:
2783:
2059:
1980:
1744:"Selecting An IR Laser And Illuminator"
1380:of each. Supported weapons include the
1128:
943:Optics 1 COSMO (Clip-On SWIR Monocular)
5282:
4791:
4538:
4051:
3795:"CTAM Coded Target Acquisition Marker"
3245:
2265:"Night Vision Equipment by Pulsar FAQ"
1981:Wellard, Christian (18 October 2023).
1624: – Type of gas-phase ion detector
1259:
790:
747:Ground Panoramic Night Vision Goggle (
724:Binocular Night Vision Device (BNVD) (
366:M3 Sniperscope, 4th model (Korean War)
117:). By comparison, viewing of infrared
4966:
4957:US 6911652 - Low Light Imaging Device
4922:US D248860 - Night vision Pocketscope
4855:
4683:, January/February 2008, pages 10–11.
4669:
3980:Tarantola, Andrew (6 November 2014).
3894:
3817:
2746:
2197:
2053:
1809:
1773:
1741:
1525:
1185:
1013:
5310:German inventions of the Nazi period
4992:
3485:Defense Technical Information Center
1868:Naughton, Russell (10 August 2004).
1419:reflector-based night sight for the
1263:
838:ENVG (Enhanced Night Vision Goggles)
534:An early development version of the
3942:
3058:
2593:"Photonis Night Vision Auto-Gating"
2555:
2363:"Review of night vision technology"
1709:Liszewski, Andrew (30 April 2021).
554:and imaged light from 500-900
13:
4539:Gawron, Tomáš (22 December 2020).
4023:Small Business Innovation Research
3246:Kitson, David (5 September 2016).
3000:. 18 December 2019. Archived from
2938:. 26 November 2019. Archived from
2524:"CANVS COLOR NIGHT VISION GOGGLES"
2235:"5855-00-087-2947 (AN/PVS-2) Data"
2205:"5855-00-087-2942 (AN/PVS-1) Data"
2173:Utah Gun Collector's Association.
2060:Fortier, David M. (24 July 2020).
1493:sniper rifle and its SVDS variant.
1371:), meaning "night sight", and the
1192:
755:
224:as early as 1939 and were used in
179:and came into wide use during the
171:These devices were first used for
14:
5326:
4803:
3378:
3318:Valpolini, Paolo (13 July 2020).
3209:
3025:
2710:
1683:
1586:, goats, wallabies, is permitted.
1202:prototype places a thin strip of
803:Fusion night vision combines I² (
649:(2005), OMNI VIII, and OMNI IX.
635:Generation 3+ (GEN III OMNI I–IX)
482:. Light amplification was around
159:. When used with firearms, an IR
4729:
4704:
4365:Thompson, Bronwyn (2024-06-04).
4189:"How Digital Night Vision Works"
4092:. 6 January 2017. Archived from
4060:. Crane, Indiana. Archived from
3178:"WE DON'T OWN THE NIGHT ANYMORE"
2786:"From starlight to street light"
1268:
690:) for standard Gen III type, to
394:
4651:
4621:
4595:
4573:
4560:
4511:
4487:
4437:
4419:
4401:
4383:
4358:
4332:
4301:
4285:Hoffman, Mike (28 March 2014).
4278:
4241:
4223:
4199:
4180:
3857:Binocular vision and stereopsis
3831:. February 2022. Archived from
3379:C, Nicholas (12 October 2017).
2900:
2840:
2810:
2777:
2516:
2484:
2452:
2327:"AN/PVS-5 Night Vision Goggles"
2319:
2287:
2257:
2179:Utah Gun Collectors Association
2106:
2092:Pennsylvania State University.
2086:
1974:
1922:
1774:Lynch, Kyle (15 January 2019).
525:
457:
399:
324:43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division
4058:Military Aerospace Electronics
3350:"COSMO Clip-On SWIR Monocular"
3059:Gao, Charlie (29 March 2019).
2460:"AN/PVS-7 Night Vision Goggle"
2433:. October 2020. Archived from
1892:
1861:
1843:
1834:
1735:
1702:
1055:Panoramic night vision goggles
857:
608:
1:
4914:
4856:Tyson, Jeff (27 April 2001).
4838:"Night Hunting Laws by State"
4767:"MN Statutes Section 97B.086"
4397:] (in Russian). 55 pages.
3895:Lasky, Chip (December 2012).
3490:Air Force Research Laboratory
2784:Clemens, Candace (May 2007).
2711:C, Nicholas (24 April 2020).
2062:"How Does Night Vision Work?"
1999:10.1080/17416124.2023.2270302
1810:Tyson, Jeff (27 April 2001).
1671:
1636: – Near-infrared imaging
1404:and grenade launchers (photo)
920:
866:
819:hungry than I²-only devices.
387:, a term later restricted to
3492:. p. 14. Archived from
3210:C, Nicholas (11 June 2021).
2602:. March 2019. Archived from
2361:Chrzanowski, K (June 2013).
2139:"Night Vision Goggles (NVG)"
1870:"Kalman Tihanyi (1897–1947)"
883:when marking targets with a
379:Radio Corporation of America
369:AN/PAS-4 (early Vietnam War)
254:"Vampir" man-portable system
209:In 1929 Hungarian physicist
144:. An NVD image is typically
7:
4792:Orrick, Dave (2016-03-29).
4318:National Defense University
4052:Keller, John (9 May 2016).
3943:Kim, Augee (17 July 2017).
3026:C, Nicholas (17 May 2019).
2967:National Defense University
2637:Chief of Naval Air Training
1614:
1518:large caliber sniper rifle.
1477:
1452:counter-sniper night sights
1211:US Army Research Laboratory
829:
322:Between May and June 1943,
320:1945 crossing of the Rhine.
256:for infantry was used with
10:
5331:
5300:Military sensor technology
4248:T.REX ARMS (Feb 5, 2023).
1930:"Bull's-eyes in the Night"
1742:Utley, Sean (2020-06-11).
1684:P, Will (10 August 2021).
1640:Low light level television
1156:
1092:refers to the part of the
202:
5229:
5166:
5128:
5001:
4712:"WAIS Document Retrieval"
4583:(in German). 12 July 2017
3443:"MAWL-CLAD Laser Pointer"
2963:"The NATO Response Force"
2390:10.2478/s11772-013-0089-3
2122:. March 1936. p. 33.
1466:
1367:
1349:
1239:III–V family of compounds
1223:aluminum gallium arsenide
1038:(FoV); the commonly used
629:special operations forces
152:(infrared) illuminator.
4907:10.1177/1557234X11410392
4858:"How Night Vision Works"
3182:Modern War Institute at
1938:. July 1946. p. 73.
1812:"How Night Vision Works"
552:Elbit Systems of America
450:AN/PVS-2 Starlight scope
447:AN/PVS-1 Starlight scope
341:Early examples include:
3862:Oxford University Press
3324:European Defense Review
3257:Future Land Forces 2016
2370:Opto-Electronics Review
2119:Popular Science Monthly
824:binocular combined view
453:AN/PAS 6 Varo Metascope
440:to function properly.
308:fall of the Netherlands
132:usually consists of an
4771:MN Revisor of Statutes
4675:"Seeing in the Dark",
4602:dpa/lnw (2021-01-30).
4193:Best Binocular Reviews
4131:. 2017. Archived from
4026:. 2016. Archived from
2749:"PVS-14 Buyer's Guide"
2681:Defense Industry Daily
2642:Department of the Navy
2103:. Biographical sketch.
1657:Laser sight (firearms)
1651:Thermal imaging camera
1572:for hunting wild boar.
1332:
1324:
1313:
1279:is missing information
1125:
1031:
1023:
800:
686:mean time to failure (
645:
539:
520:signal-to-noise ratios
467:
413:
354:PNV-57A tanker goggles
316:79th Armoured Division
87:
70:
51:
32:
4089:Soldier Systems Daily
3289:L3Harris Technologies
3066:The National Interest
2431:Photonis Night Vision
1904:www.achtungpanzer.com
1339:, and after 1991 the
1330:
1319:
1307:
1123:
1080:Foveated night vision
1029:
1021:
805:image intensification
798:
642:
548:L3Harris Technologies
533:
465:
407:
215:anti-aircraft defense
166:thermal weapon sights
115:image intensification
103:ambient visible light
92:optoelectronic device
85:
57:
38:
31:of the eye is evident
22:
5305:Night vision devices
5295:Military electronics
3769:B.E. Meyers & Co
3417:B.E. Meyers & Co
2747:Lasky, Chip (2011).
1786:on 18 September 2021
1634:Infrared photography
1129:Diverging image tube
1105:WFoV F-NVG retrofit
375:Vladimir K. Zworykin
373:After World War II,
280:, made primarily of
101:The device enhances
29:natural night vision
4665:. 14 December 2016.
4639:on 23 November 2021
4033:on 13 February 2022
3296:on 25 February 2022
3140:2012SPIE.8353E..24D
2382:2013OERv...21..153C
1857:on 1 February 2010.
1504:light machine guns.
1260:Soviet Union/Russia
1229:Materials from the
791:Fusion night vision
671:An automatic gated
474:(MCP) with an S-25
472:micro-channel plate
130:night vision device
4716:www.leginfo.ca.gov
4698:High Tech Red Neck
4679:, magazine of the
4096:on 2 February 2020
3805:on 27 October 2021
3191:on 22 January 2021
2828:on 23 January 2018
2725:on 22 January 2021
2556:Montoro, Harry P.
2534:on 29 October 2015
2497:GlobalSecurity.org
2465:GlobalSecurity.org
2332:GlobalSecurity.org
2300:GlobalSecurity.org
2215:on 3 November 2015
2144:GlobalSecurity.org
2099:2012-08-31 at the
2094:Zworykin, Vladimir
1957:GlobalSecurity.org
1698:on 10 August 2021.
1526:Legal restrictions
1390:light machine guns
1341:Russian Federation
1333:
1325:
1314:
1186:Other technologies
1141:AN/PVS-25 (2000s).
1126:
1032:
1024:
1014:Wide field of view
898:hands such as the
801:
646:
625:urban environments
540:
468:
414:
121:is referred to as
88:
71:
66:with markings for
52:
33:
5277:
5276:
4824:on 15 August 2021
4346:. 12 January 2018
4297:on 28 March 2014.
4264:"Armasight Spark"
3871:978-0-19-508476-4
3736:Wilcox Industries
3700:Wilcox Industries
3148:10.1117/12.916966
2942:on 15 August 2021
2888:on 13 August 2006
2609:on 6 January 2022
2339:on 24 August 2021
2307:on 24 August 2021
2275:on 23 August 2011
1987:Arms & Armour
1880:on 8 October 2020
1874:Monash University
1628:Image intensifier
1475:
1394:grenade launchers
1302:
1301:
1176:image intensifier
336:Malayan Emergency
300:British Admiralty
142:telescopic lenses
134:image intensifier
119:thermal radiation
83:
5322:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4910:
4887:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4864:. Archived from
4852:
4850:
4849:
4798:
4797:
4796:. Pioneer Press.
4789:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4743:. Archived from
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4690:
4684:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4635:. Archived from
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4577:
4571:
4564:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4472:. Archived from
4462:
4453:
4452:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4314:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4293:. Archived from
4282:
4276:
4275:
4270:. Archived from
4260:
4254:
4253:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4168:on 31 March 2022
4164:. Archived from
4158:"PANOBRIDGE MK2"
4154:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4138:on 15 March 2022
4137:
4120:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4018:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3990:. Archived from
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3960:
3954:. Archived from
3949:
3940:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3906:. Archived from
3901:
3892:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3801:. Archived from
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3771:. Archived from
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3744:
3738:. Archived from
3733:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3702:. Archived from
3697:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3672:
3666:. Archived from
3659:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3628:. Archived from
3621:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3597:on 13 March 2022
3593:. Archived from
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3560:. Archived from
3553:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3525:. Archived from
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3498:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3449:. Archived from
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3419:. Archived from
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3389:. Archived from
3386:The Firearm Blog
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3356:. Archived from
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3326:. Archived from
3315:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3292:. Archived from
3280:
3271:
3270:
3269:on 13 June 2022.
3268:
3262:. Archived from
3261:
3254:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3220:. Archived from
3217:The Firearm Blog
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3187:. Archived from
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3099:. Archived from
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3073:on 30 March 2019
3069:. Archived from
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3036:. Archived from
3033:The Firearm Blog
3023:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:on June 29, 2011
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2884:. Archived from
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2854:. Archived from
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2824:. Archived from
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2790:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2764:
2758:. Archived from
2753:
2744:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2721:. Archived from
2718:The Firearm Blog
2708:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2683:. Archived from
2672:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2633:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2597:
2589:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2564:. Archived from
2553:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2530:. Archived from
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2500:. Archived from
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2468:. Archived from
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2428:
2420:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2400:. Archived from
2367:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2335:. Archived from
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2303:. Archived from
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2271:. Archived from
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2241:. Archived from
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2211:. Archived from
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2185:on 12 April 2022
2181:. Archived from
2170:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2147:. Archived from
2135:
2124:
2123:
2110:
2104:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2074:on 21 April 2021
2070:. Archived from
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2037:. Archived from
2027:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1959:. Archived from
1949:
1940:
1939:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1906:. Archived from
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1876:. Archived from
1865:
1859:
1858:
1851:"NVESD About Us"
1847:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1818:. Archived from
1807:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1782:. Archived from
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1752:. Archived from
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1723:on 30 April 2021
1719:. Archived from
1706:
1700:
1699:
1694:. Archived from
1691:The Firearm Blog
1681:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1460:
1370:
1369:
1352:
1351:
1297:
1294:
1288:
1272:
1264:
1219:gallium arsenide
1194:
1191:high as 60
1169:High-sensitivity
1049:SF/SOF operators
938:AN/PAS-34 E-COSI
885:laser designator
697:
693:
685:
569:
565:
544:gallium arsenide
488:Image resolution
485:
435:
260:assault rifles.
185:used by military
84:
68:range estimation
41:telescopic sight
5330:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5225:
5162:
5124:
4997:
4991:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4917:
4879:
4871:
4869:
4847:
4845:
4836:
4815:on 19 July 2021
4806:
4801:
4790:
4786:
4776:
4774:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4747:on 11 July 2012
4735:
4734:
4730:
4720:
4718:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4674:
4670:
4663:Hindustan Times
4657:
4656:
4652:
4642:
4640:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4613:
4611:
4600:
4596:
4586:
4584:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4565:
4561:
4550:
4548:
4537:
4533:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4503:
4501:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4479:
4477:
4464:
4463:
4456:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4375:
4373:
4363:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4325:
4312:
4306:
4302:
4283:
4279:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4246:
4242:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4215:
4213:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4185:
4181:
4171:
4169:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4099:
4097:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4064:on 21 June 2022
4050:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3994:on 2 April 2022
3978:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3961:on 10 June 2022
3958:
3947:
3941:
3926:
3916:
3914:
3913:on 8 March 2021
3910:
3899:
3893:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3852:
3848:
3838:
3836:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3799:Safran Optics 1
3793:
3792:
3788:
3778:
3776:
3775:on 16 July 2022
3763:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3745:on 17 July 2022
3742:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3709:on 17 July 2022
3706:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3673:on 17 July 2022
3670:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3635:on 17 July 2022
3632:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3591:Safran Optics 1
3585:
3584:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3567:on 14 July 2021
3564:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3499:on 10 July 2021
3496:
3479:
3473:
3466:
3456:
3454:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3354:Safran Optics 1
3348:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3316:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3244:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3158:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3103:on 18 July 2022
3091:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3024:
3017:
3007:
3005:
3004:on 7 April 2022
2990:
2989:
2985:
2976:
2974:
2959:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2858:on 18 June 2022
2846:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2765:on 19 July 2017
2762:
2751:
2745:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2709:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2673:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2554:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2412:
2407:on 27 May 2021.
2404:
2365:
2359:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2245:on 24 June 2016
2233:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2137:
2136:
2127:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2101:Wayback Machine
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1964:
1963:on 20 June 2022
1951:
1950:
1943:
1935:Popular Science
1928:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1862:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1808:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1772:
1768:
1759:
1757:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1707:
1703:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1662:
1646:Photomultiplier
1617:
1528:
1454:
1363:pritsel nochnoy
1298:
1292:
1289:
1282:
1273:
1262:
1253:lithium niobate
1231:II–VI compounds
1198:A night-vision
1188:
1159:
1131:
1082:
1057:
1016:
923:
869:
860:
832:
809:thermal imaging
793:
761:Figure of merit
758:
756:Figure of merit
695:
691:
680:
637:
611:
567:
563:
528:
483:
480:moonless nights
460:
433:
402:
397:
345:FG 1250 Sperber
238:Sperber FG 1250
205:
189:law enforcement
123:thermal imaging
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5328:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5264:Shutter system
5261:
5256:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5172:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
4999:
4998:
4990:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4888:
4877:
4868:on 9 June 2022
4853:
4834:
4825:
4816:
4805:
4804:External links
4802:
4800:
4799:
4784:
4758:
4728:
4703:
4685:
4668:
4650:
4620:
4594:
4572:
4559:
4531:
4510:
4486:
4454:
4436:
4418:
4400:
4382:
4357:
4331:
4328:on 6 May 2022.
4300:
4277:
4274:on 8 May 2012.
4255:
4240:
4222:
4198:
4179:
4162:Noise Fighters
4149:
4107:
4075:
4044:
4005:
3972:
3924:
3884:
3870:
3864:. p. 32.
3846:
3835:on 22 May 2022
3816:
3786:
3756:
3720:
3684:
3646:
3608:
3578:
3540:
3529:on 19 May 2022
3510:
3464:
3453:on 19 May 2022
3434:
3423:on 19 May 2022
3404:
3393:on 19 May 2022
3371:
3360:on 22 May 2022
3341:
3330:on 27 May 2021
3307:
3272:
3235:
3224:on 19 May 2022
3202:
3168:
3114:
3097:Noise Fighters
3084:
3051:
3040:on 19 May 2022
3015:
2983:
2953:
2923:
2899:
2869:
2839:
2809:
2776:
2736:
2698:
2687:on 19 May 2022
2662:
2651:on 19 May 2022
2620:
2579:
2568:on 4 July 2021
2545:
2515:
2483:
2472:on 22 May 2022
2451:
2410:
2376:(2): 153–181.
2350:
2318:
2286:
2256:
2226:
2196:
2162:
2151:on 22 May 2022
2125:
2105:
2085:
2052:
2041:on 17 May 2022
2019:
1993:(2): 199–217.
1973:
1941:
1921:
1891:
1860:
1842:
1833:
1822:on 9 June 2022
1797:
1766:
1734:
1701:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1587:
1573:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1541:
1538:Czech Republic
1535:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1494:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1436:D3, see photo.
1430:
1424:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1392:and hand-held
1365:(Russian:
1347:(Russian:
1300:
1299:
1276:
1274:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1187:
1184:
1172:digital camera
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1130:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1081:
1078:
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1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
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987:
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965:
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960:
959:
958:
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851:
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789:
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754:
753:
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717:
700:
699:
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653:latter ~2005.
636:
633:
610:
607:
606:
605:
602:
599:
594:
591:
586:
583:
580:
527:
524:
516:
515:
512:
507:
502:
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456:
455:
454:
451:
448:
401:
398:
396:
393:
371:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
348:ZG 1229 Vampir
346:
250:Western Fronts
211:Kálmán Tihanyi
204:
201:
138:objective lens
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5327:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
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5296:
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5291:
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5287:
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4862:HowStuffWorks
4859:
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4844:on 6 May 2022
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4773:. State of MN
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4545:zbrojnice.com
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4521:. Wapenwet.be
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4476:on 2015-04-26
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2999:
2998:
2997:Teledyne FLIR
2993:
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2798:on 2008-02-28
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2504:on 6 May 2022
2503:
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2440:on 5 May 2021
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2269:pulsar-nv.com
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2098:
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2069:
2068:
2067:Firearms News
2063:
2056:
2040:
2036:
2035:Modern Forces
2032:
2026:
2024:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1910:on 2010-01-25
1909:
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1837:
1821:
1817:
1816:HowStuffWorks
1813:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1785:
1781:
1780:Tactical Life
1777:
1770:
1756:on 2020-07-27
1755:
1751:
1750:
1749:Firearms News
1745:
1738:
1722:
1718:
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1622:Daly detector
1620:
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1607:
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1597:
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1590:United States
1588:
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1511:sniper rifle.
1510:
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1446:sniper rifle.
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1399:
1398:
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1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:sniper rifles
1383:
1379:
1378:ballistic arc
1374:
1368:прицел ночной
1364:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1323:
1318:
1311:
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1296:
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1277:This section
1275:
1271:
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1265:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:layers use a
1216:
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1207:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1183:
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1177:
1173:
1170:
1166:
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1115:
1111:
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1100:
1095:
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1074:
1072:
1069:
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1064:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1036:field of view
1028:
1020:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
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849:
846:
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739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
711:
708:
706:
696:15,000 h
692:15,000 h
689:
684:
677:
674:
670:
669:
668:
665:
663:
659:
654:
650:
641:
632:
630:
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489:
481:
477:
473:
464:
452:
449:
446:
445:
444:
441:
439:
431:
427:
426:ambient light
423:
419:
411:
406:
395:United States
392:
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386:
385:
380:
376:
368:
365:
362:
359:
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296:
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291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
241:
239:
235:
234:Panther tanks
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
207:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:visible light
108:
107:near-infrared
105:and converts
104:
99:
97:
93:
69:
65:
62:night-vision
61:
56:
50:
46:
42:
37:
30:
26:
21:
5201:Night-vision
5200:
5191:Fatal Vision
5181:Dark adaptor
5148:Solar viewer
5006:/ spectacles
4892:
4880:
4870:. Retrieved
4866:the original
4846:. Retrieved
4842:the original
4787:
4775:. Retrieved
4770:
4761:
4749:. Retrieved
4745:the original
4740:
4731:
4719:. Retrieved
4715:
4706:
4697:
4688:
4676:
4671:
4662:
4653:
4641:. Retrieved
4637:the original
4632:
4623:
4612:. Retrieved
4608:proplanta.de
4607:
4597:
4587:21 September
4585:. Retrieved
4575:
4568:night vision
4562:
4549:. Retrieved
4544:
4534:
4523:. Retrieved
4513:
4502:. Retrieved
4498:
4489:
4478:. Retrieved
4474:the original
4469:
4448:
4444:
4439:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4374:. Retrieved
4370:
4360:
4348:. Retrieved
4343:
4334:
4323:the original
4316:
4303:
4295:the original
4291:Defense Tech
4290:
4280:
4272:the original
4268:Outdoors Bay
4267:
4258:
4243:
4234:
4225:
4214:. Retrieved
4210:
4201:
4192:
4182:
4170:. Retrieved
4166:the original
4161:
4152:
4140:. Retrieved
4133:the original
4122:
4110:
4098:. Retrieved
4094:the original
4087:
4078:
4066:. Retrieved
4062:the original
4057:
4047:
4035:. Retrieved
4028:the original
4020:
4008:
3996:. Retrieved
3992:the original
3985:
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3956:the original
3951:
3915:. Retrieved
3908:the original
3903:
3875:. Retrieved
3860:. New York:
3856:
3849:
3837:. Retrieved
3833:the original
3828:
3819:
3807:. Retrieved
3803:the original
3798:
3789:
3777:. Retrieved
3773:the original
3768:
3759:
3747:. Retrieved
3740:the original
3735:
3723:
3711:. Retrieved
3704:the original
3699:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3668:the original
3661:
3649:
3637:. Retrieved
3630:the original
3623:
3611:
3599:. Retrieved
3595:the original
3590:
3581:
3569:. Retrieved
3562:the original
3555:
3543:
3531:. Retrieved
3527:the original
3522:
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3494:the original
3483:
3455:. Retrieved
3451:the original
3446:
3437:
3425:. Retrieved
3421:the original
3416:
3407:
3395:. Retrieved
3391:the original
3384:
3374:
3362:. Retrieved
3358:the original
3353:
3344:
3332:. Retrieved
3328:the original
3323:
3298:. Retrieved
3294:the original
3287:
3264:the original
3248:
3226:. Retrieved
3222:the original
3215:
3205:
3193:. Retrieved
3189:the original
3181:
3171:
3159:. Retrieved
3131:
3127:
3117:
3105:. Retrieved
3101:the original
3096:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3071:the original
3064:
3054:
3042:. Retrieved
3038:the original
3031:
3006:. Retrieved
3002:the original
2995:
2986:
2975:. Retrieved
2971:the original
2956:
2944:. Retrieved
2940:the original
2935:
2926:
2915:. Retrieved
2911:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2886:the original
2881:
2872:
2860:. Retrieved
2856:the original
2851:
2842:
2830:. Retrieved
2826:the original
2822:nivitech.com
2821:
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2793:the original
2779:
2767:. Retrieved
2760:the original
2755:
2727:. Retrieved
2723:the original
2716:
2689:. Retrieved
2685:the original
2680:
2653:. Retrieved
2646:the original
2635:
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2604:the original
2599:
2570:. Retrieved
2566:the original
2561:
2536:. Retrieved
2532:the original
2527:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2502:the original
2495:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2470:the original
2463:
2454:
2442:. Retrieved
2435:the original
2430:
2402:the original
2373:
2369:
2341:. Retrieved
2337:the original
2330:
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2305:the original
2298:
2289:
2277:. Retrieved
2273:the original
2268:
2259:
2247:. Retrieved
2243:the original
2238:
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2213:the original
2208:
2199:
2187:. Retrieved
2183:the original
2178:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:the original
2142:
2117:
2108:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2072:the original
2065:
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2039:the original
2034:
2010:. Retrieved
1990:
1986:
1976:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:the original
1933:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:the original
1903:
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1878:the original
1863:
1855:the original
1845:
1836:
1824:. Retrieved
1820:the original
1788:. Retrieved
1784:the original
1779:
1769:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the original
1747:
1737:
1725:. Retrieved
1721:the original
1714:
1704:
1696:the original
1689:
1679:
1449:
1372:
1362:
1354:
1344:
1337:Soviet Union
1334:
1293:October 2021
1290:
1278:
1247:
1228:
1208:
1200:contact lens
1197:
1189:
1167:
1160:
1136:
1132:
1101:. Examples:
1083:
1065:
1058:
1033:
861:
821:
817:
802:
779:
775:
772:
769:
759:
709:
705:postnominals
701:
681:20,000
673:power supply
666:
655:
651:
647:
620:muzzle flash
612:
572:
541:
526:Generation 3
517:
496:
476:photocathode
469:
458:Generation 2
442:
430:photocathode
415:
400:Generation 1
382:
372:
340:
298:In 1938 the
297:
294:
278:photocathode
268:, to assist
262:
242:
226:World War II
219:
208:
206:
177:World War II
173:night combat
170:
154:
129:
127:
100:
96:night vision
89:
5216:Upside down
5053:Horn-rimmed
4901:: 238–279.
4643:23 November
4610:(in German)
4551:22 December
4235:Gloom Group
4211:Gloom Group
3663:Rheinmetall
3625:Rheinmetall
3557:Rheinmetall
3523:Part Target
2936:Nite-walker
2912:Gloom Group
2239:Part Target
2209:Part Target
1600:misdemeanor
1576:New Zealand
1566:Netherlands
1483:laser diode
1478:Antisnayper
1467:Антиснайпер
1455: [
1353:xx), where
1249:Metasurface
1099:distortions
1086:WFoV optics
978:Rheinmetall
858:Out of band
609:Auto-gating
492:reliability
422:Vietnam War
389:ultraviolet
384:black light
357:SU-49/PAS-5
276:and an S-1
222:German Army
181:Vietnam War
161:laser sight
109:light into
39:A standard
5284:Categories
5269:VR headset
5130:Sunglasses
4915:US patents
4872:2015-04-11
4848:2020-04-07
4614:2022-09-21
4547:(in Czech)
4525:2024-09-03
4504:2015-03-15
4480:2014-11-26
4376:2024-06-10
4252:. YouTube.
4216:2024-03-07
3184:West Point
2977:2011-03-01
2917:2024-03-07
2012:19 October
1967:2011-03-01
1760:2021-01-22
1672:References
1596:California
1548:wild boars
1402:small arms
1359:GRAU index
1233:, such as
1221:(GaAs) or
1137:Examples:
1114:AN/PVS-31A
1066:Examples:
907:IR strobes
879:and other
867:Advantages
765:line pairs
742:AN/PVS-31D
738:AN/PVS-31A
710:Examples:
616:duty cycle
593:AN/PNVS-14
573:Examples:
497:Examples:
494:improved.
443:Examples:
332:Korean War
306:until the
266:Korean War
146:monochrome
5237:Blindfold
5176:Ballistic
5110:Trifocals
5080:Pince-nez
5063:Lorgnette
4993:Types of
4737:"AB 1059"
4499:gunsru.ru
4470:gunsru.ru
4371:New Atlas
3156:122190698
2562:Photonics
2398:121662581
2007:264324073
1790:23 August
1606:Minnesota
1472:romanized
1285:talk page
1215:epitaxial
1180:AN/PVS-14
1163:AN/PSQ-20
1150:AN/PVS-14
1107:AN/PVS-15
1075:AN/AVS-10
1040:AN/PVS-14
1030:GPNVG-18.
984:AN/PSQ-23
936:Optics 1
911:IR lasers
896:terrorist
845:AN/PSQ-42
836:AN/PSQ-20
734:AN/PVS-23
730:AN/PVS-21
726:AN/PVS-15
715:AN/PVS-22
658:thin-film
601:CNVS-4949
597:AN/PVS-17
589:AN/PVS-14
585:AN/PVS-10
560:electrons
438:moonlight
5259:Eyepatch
5158:Wayfarer
5143:Mirrored
5100:Shooting
5095:Scissors
5058:Lensless
5023:Browline
5018:Bifocals
4831:Archived
4822:Archived
4813:Archived
4777:31 March
4751:16 March
4721:16 March
2892:16 March
2882:Nightvis
2862:16 March
2852:ATN Corp
2832:16 March
2802:16 March
2600:Photonis
2538:16 March
2508:16 March
2476:16 March
2343:16 March
2311:16 March
2279:16 March
2155:16 March
2097:Archived
1914:16 March
1884:15 March
1615:See also
1502:Pecheneg
1384:family,
1204:graphene
1071:GPNVG-18
1061:GPNVG-18
921:Examples
903:Red Unit
830:Examples
749:GPNVG-18
582:AN/NVS-7
578:AN/PVS-7
536:AN/PVS-7
514:SUPERGEN
510:AN/PVS-5
505:AN/PVS-4
197:demining
193:civilian
49:aperture
5254:Contact
5247:Blinker
5242:Blinder
5221:Welding
5211:Swedish
5196:Foggles
5186:Doggles
5168:Goggles
5153:Shutter
5138:Aviator
5115:Windsor
5090:Rimless
5085:Pinhole
5075:Monocle
5048:Groucho
5038:Chicken
5033:Cat eye
5028:Bug-eye
5004:glasses
4995:eyewear
4700:. 2010.
4172:18 July
4100:21 June
4068:21 June
4037:21 June
3987:Gizmodo
3965:21 June
3839:11 June
3809:17 July
3779:16 July
3749:17 July
3713:17 July
3677:17 July
3639:17 July
3601:17 July
3571:17 July
3364:17 July
3334:16 July
3161:16 July
3136:Bibcode
3107:18 July
3008:16 July
2613:15 July
2444:16 July
2378:Bibcode
2249:10 June
2219:10 June
2189:10 June
1826:1 March
1716:Gizmodo
1584:chamois
1554:Iceland
1544:Germany
1532:Belgium
1474::
1463:Russian
1417:1PN51-2
1357:is the
1322:AKS-74U
1157:Digital
1109:goggles
948:near UV
900:Taliban
807:) with
418:US Army
318:in the
304:Philips
270:snipers
246:Eastern
203:History
157:helmets
64:reticle
60:1PN51-2
25:US Navy
4741:ca.gov
4677:Vector
4633:LYNRED
4350:5 July
4142:22 May
4129:USASOC
3998:19 May
3917:19 May
3877:3 June
3868:
3533:19 May
3503:19 May
3457:19 May
3447:Scopex
3427:19 May
3397:19 May
3300:2 June
3228:19 May
3195:4 June
3154:
3077:3 June
3044:19 May
2946:19 May
2769:19 May
2729:19 May
2691:19 May
2655:19 May
2572:19 May
2396:
2078:9 June
2045:9 June
2005:
1727:23 May
1570:Veluwe
1421:RPG-29
1243:InAsSb
1235:HgCdTe
1094:retina
950:to IR)
720:NVS-22
627:, and
604:PN-21K
568:50,000
564:30,000
538:goggle
484:20,000
290:oxygen
288:, and
286:cesium
282:silver
258:StG 44
252:. The
5230:Other
5120:X-ray
5105:Smart
5068:Opera
5013:Belay
5002:(Eye)
4885:CECOM
4447:[
4429:[
4411:[
4393:[
4326:(PDF)
4313:(PDF)
4136:(PDF)
4119:(PDF)
4031:(PDF)
4021:Navy
4017:(PDF)
3959:(PDF)
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3911:(PDF)
3900:(PDF)
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3732:(PDF)
3707:(PDF)
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3620:(PDF)
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3480:(PDF)
3267:(PDF)
3260:(PDF)
3253:(PDF)
3152:S2CID
2796:(PDF)
2789:(PDF)
2763:(PDF)
2752:(PDF)
2649:(PDF)
2632:(PDF)
2607:(PDF)
2596:(PDF)
2528:CANVS
2438:(PDF)
2427:(PDF)
2405:(PDF)
2394:S2CID
2366:(PDF)
2003:S2CID
1560:India
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1444:SV-98
1434:RPG-7
1427:1PN58
1411:1PN51
1345:1PNxx
1241:from
1090:fovea
909:, or
877:JTACs
434:1,000
410:M16A1
351:PAU-2
274:anode
5206:Snow
4779:2016
4753:2018
4723:2018
4645:2021
4589:2018
4553:2020
4352:2018
4174:2022
4144:2022
4124:NDIA
4102:2022
4070:2022
4039:2022
4000:2022
3967:2022
3952:TNVC
3919:2022
3904:TNVC
3879:2014
3866:ISBN
3841:2022
3829:TNVC
3811:2022
3781:2022
3751:2022
3715:2022
3679:2022
3641:2022
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3573:2022
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3302:2022
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3197:2022
3163:2022
3132:8353
3109:2022
3079:2022
3046:2022
3010:2022
2948:2022
2894:2018
2864:2018
2834:2018
2804:2018
2771:2022
2756:TNVC
2731:2022
2693:2022
2657:2022
2615:2022
2574:2022
2540:2018
2510:2018
2478:2018
2446:2022
2345:2018
2313:2018
2281:2018
2251:2022
2221:2022
2191:2022
2157:2018
2080:2022
2047:2022
2014:2023
1916:2018
1886:2013
1828:2011
1792:2022
1729:2021
1580:tahr
1516:ASVK
1509:SVDK
1500:and
1498:PKMN
1335:The
955:SWIR
892:ITAR
881:FACs
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688:MTTF
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490:and
334:and
328:Sten
248:and
187:and
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4903:doi
3144:doi
2386:doi
1995:doi
1491:SVD
1355:1PN
1350:1ПН
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