286:, had met with Spence repeatedly and had tried to convince her to end her hunger strike, without success. On January 1, 2013, Atleo invited the Prime Minister to a January 24 meeting with First Nations leaders, but this date was rejected by Spence who said her health condition required a meeting within 72 hours. Spence's spokesperson stated that the hunger strike would not stop and could continue after January 11.
309:
Canadian
Government, based on Nation-to-Nation treaties going back to the 18th century. At the meeting with the chiefs that occurred on January 11, 2013, Prime Minister Harper had already agreed to top-level talks to modernize and implement the ancient treaties that were always intended to bring peace and prosperity to First Nations.
172:
A 2012 financial audit commissioned by the
Government of Canada for the years found a lack of documentation to account for millions of dollars spent by the Attawapiskat Band Council between 2005 and 2011. When the audit was released to the public, Spence responded by accusing Canada of acting in bad
169:
the results of which are pending review by the
Aboriginal Affairs Department and Health Canada. Attawapiskat had been placed under third party management by the federal government following the state of emergency declared by Spence in 2011. However, this arrangement was overturned by a court ruling.
168:
has criticized media coverage of the
Attawapiskat reserve finances for misconstruing the true cost of living in remote locations such as Attawapiskat, which is significantly higher than more populated areas in southern regions of Canada. The Attawapiskat band council agreed to a comprehensive audit,
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Controversy has grown around the question of how the money received from the federal government is spent or allocated by the reserve's own government. Financial records have never been made public to reserve residents or to the media; some residents of the reserve refused to discuss the matter with
267:
sent a letter to Spence on
December 25, 2012, expressing concern for her health and urging her to end her protest. Spence subsequently called for a day of protests in support of her cause to take place on December 30, 2012, bringing peaceful demonstrations in Toronto, Calgary, Vancouver, and other
151:
The
Attawapiskat reserve has been the subject of several state of emergency announcements by Spence in recent years, due to the reserve's poor housing conditions. The announcements have received national media coverage. On October 28, 2011, Spence called a state of emergency for the third time in
308:
Chief Spence ended her 6-week hunger strike on
January 24, 2013. A Declaration of Commitment was prepared over the preceding couple of days, which committed federal opposition parties and the AFN to address the critical issues that affected the relationship between First Nations people and the
289:
On
January 4, 2013, the Office of the Prime Minister announced that a meeting would take place on January 11, 2013, between Harper and Duncan and a delegation of First Nation leaders, coordinated by the Assembly of First Nations, to follow up on issues discussed during the Crown-First Nations
160:
company, which owns a diamond mine nearby and employs around 60 residents of the reserve full-time, has donated trailers for housing to the reserve in the past. The
Attawapiskat reserve's government receives a payment from De Beers, but Spence has declined to say how much or how it is spent.
152:
three years. On
December 30, 2012, a spokesperson for the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs stated that by the end of 2012–13, the federal government will have spent $ 131 million on the Attawapiskat reserve since 2006, including the construction of 60 new and renovated houses and a new school.
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Spence has held numerous positions within the Attawapiskat government and its various organisations. She was elected Chief on August 27, 2010, but, prior to that, held positions as deputy chief, councillor, a member of the local development corporation, and manager of local daycare.
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A bank account for accepting direct donations was set up for Spence, which Spence's spokespersons indicated would be under the sole financial control of Spence's spouse, Clayton Kennedy, rather than the Attawapiskat band council. A columnist with Canadian news weekly magazine
199:
Various estimates of Spence's daily caloric intake were published, ranging from 50 to 400. According to the 1991 Declaration on Hunger Strikers (Declaration of Malta), hunger strikes and total fasts include the consumption of liquids and this is reflected in an article in the
248:, the wife of the Prime Minister, to come and join her "to pray for Canada." Her protest attracted worldwide attention to the Idle No More movement and she became a unifying symbol to some Idle No More supporters. Attawapiskat also fully backed Spence.
173:
faith. Other First Nations leaders, however, were critical of Spence's fiscal mismanagement as indefensible and undermining reserves that followed proper bookkeeping. The audit primarily covered the years prior to Spence becoming Chief.
188:. Her hunger strike consisted of a liquid diet of lemon water, medicinal teas, and fish broth— a historical survival diet for Indigenous communities facing poverty and food shortages from land loss and colonial policies, according to
268:
locations, while a VIA train was detained by demonstrators near Belleville, Ontario. Spence was visited by 21 senators and members of parliament representing opposition parties. Former Prime Minister
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gathering that took place on January 24, 2012. A spokesperson for Spence initially stated that she would attend the meeting, but Spence later clarified her position and rejected the invitation, as
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Spence has five daughters. Her common-law husband is Clayton Kennedy. Kennedy was previously hired by the band council to co-manage spending and monitor accounting procedures.
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As chief of Attawapiskat, Spence oversaw a $ 31.2 million annual operating budget. According to the most recent census, Attawapiskat has 1,549 people living on reserve.
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724:"Theresa Spence: Attawapiskat audit's release is a ploy to discredit me | Canadian Politics | Canada | News | National Post"
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Crosby, Sandra; Caroline M. Apovian; Michael. A. Grodin (2007). "Hunger Strikes, Force-feeding, and Physicians' Responsibilities".
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questioned the propriety of the arrangement, as well as questioning who was authorized to speak publicly on behalf of Spence.
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movement, and highlight concerns about Bill C-45. Further, she stated her action "won't end until Prime Minister
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1044:"Aboriginal Affairs minister 'concerned' about health of hunger-striking Attawapiskat chief Theresa Spence"
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681:"Idle No More: Spence decides to snub meeting with Harper | Canada | News | National Post"
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800:"If a hunger striker is well hydrated, the human body can survive for weeks or even months without food"
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1118:"Idle No More protests: Chief Theresa Spence rejects Atleo's meeting proposal, sets 72-hour deadline"
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agree to sit down and talk about Canada's treaty relationship with First Nations leadership." From a
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36:
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First Nations, Harper Meeting: Commitment To Treaty Talks Will Bring Fundamental Change, Atleo Says.
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914:"Chief Theresa Spence Asks Traditional Women Healers to Come Attend to Her Hunger Strike – Day 14"
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137:
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Declaration of Commitment - January 23, 2013; First Nations: Working Towards Fundamental Change
553:"Attawapiskat: No end in sight to problems of inadequate housing, unemployment, drug addiction"
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525:"Idle No More protesters block main Toronto-Montreal rail line in support of Chief Spence"
244:, she issued a call for First Nation traditional women healers and other women, including
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issued a statement in her support and urged the Prime Minister to meet with Spence.
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653:"Federal government audit 'severely critical' of Attawapiskat Chief Theresa Spence"
823:"Specialists warn of potential consequences of chief Theresa Spence's liquid diet"
605:"Attawapiskat Chief Spence says not "afraid to die" as she launches hunger strike"
994:"Chief Theresa Spence's hunger strike has full backing of Attawapiskat residents"
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issues. Prior to serving as chief, she was the deputy chief of Attawapiskat.
631:"Attawapiskat chief slams audit leak as 'distraction' - Politics - CBC News"
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441:"Why 'Idle No More' is gaining strength, and why all Canadians should care"
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Spence's combined salary and travel expenses amount to more than $ 71,000.
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1210:. Assembly of First Nations, 23 January 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
1169:"Prime Minister Stephen Harper to meet First Nations leaders Jan. 11"
1069:"Former PM Paul Martin meets with Spence, calls her 'an inspiration'"
518:
516:
356:"As protests swell, Attawapiskat chief stands firm on hunger strike"
1235:"After the Last River, film about Attawapiskat, in Sudbury tonight"
746:"Think Chief Spence Is on a "Liquid Diet"? I Think You're Ignorant"
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Her hunger strike was covered in part by the 2015 documentary film
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met with Spence on January 5, 2013, calling her "an inspiration".
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777:"Justin Trudeau meets with hunger striking chief Theresa Spence"
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Chief Spence out of hospital after ending 6-week hunger strike.
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Political office-holders of Indigenous governments in Canada
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971:"Justice at Stake: Chief Theresa Spence Inspires a Nation"
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McCarthy, Shawn & James Bradshaw (December 30, 2012).
496:"Attawapiskat: You Want to Be Shown the Money? Here it Is"
376:
1092:"Open Letter Urging a Meeting with Chief Theresa Spence"
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Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development
209:
Her protest was intended to focus public attention on
1090:
Vaugrante, Béatrice; Neve, Alex (December 28, 2012).
1143:"Spence to join Harper meeting with chiefs Jan. 11"
912:Levi Rickert, editor-in-chief (December 24, 2012).
579:"Spence to join Harper meeting with chiefs Jan. 11"
651:Tonda MacCharles Ottawa Bureau (January 7, 2013).
156:media, saying that they feared repercussions. The
416:"Attawapiskat crisis sparks political blame game"
179:
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470:"Mark Milke: Crunching Attawapiskat's numbers"
144:Attawapiskat housing and infrastructure crisis
130:Attawapiskat housing and infrastructure crisis
1225:, 11 January 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
1198:, 24 January 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
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1253:"Ottawa blaming the 'victim,' chief charges"
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377:Attawapiskat First Nation (August 1, 2012).
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1279:"What is known about Chief Spence - Canada"
879:Journal of the American Medical Association
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203:Journal of the American Medical Association
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379:"Chief Spence Comments on Court Decision"
848:Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition
726:. News.nationalpost.com. January 7, 2013
703:"Kahnawake keeps tight rein on finances"
683:. News.nationalpost.com. January 9, 2013
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1378:21st-century Canadian women politicians
1368:20th-century Canadian women politicians
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354:Galloway, Gloria (December 26, 2012).
184:On 11 December 2012 Spence declared a
49:August 27, 2010 – August 2015
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992:Aulakh, Raveena (December 25, 2012).
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206:on the treatment of hunger strikers.
128:. She was a prominent figure in the
120:(born 1963) is a former chief of the
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1042:Canadian Press (December 25, 2012).
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1116:Alamenciak, Tim (January 3, 2013).
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821:Kirkey, Sharon (January 10, 2013).
775:Smith, Teresa (December 26, 2012).
744:Simpson, Leanne (20 January 2013).
494:Vowel, Chelsea (December 6, 2011).
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78:July 2007 – September 2010
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1251:Ross, Oakland (December 1, 2011).
1223:Huffington Post - Politics, Canada
798:Hopper, Tristin (4 January 2013).
14:
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1358:21st-century First Nations people
1353:20th-century First Nations people
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1167:Smith, Joanna (January 4, 2013).
1019:Cosh, Colby (December 27, 2012).
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468:Milke, Mark (December 9, 2011).
439:Jeff Denis (December 20, 2012).
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358:. Toronto: The Globe and Mail
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1096:Amnesty International Canada
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1343:People from Kenora District
1277:Taylor, Nick (2013-01-10).
194:Leanne Betasamosake Simpson
95:1963 (age 60–61)
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1071:. CTV News. 6 January 2013
1302:Attawapiskat First Nation
844:Preedy, Victor R (2011).
633:. Cbc.ca. January 7, 2013
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414:CBC (December 1, 2011).
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891:10.1001/jama.298.5.563
404:archived from original
705:. Montrealgazette.com
274:Amnesty International
852:. Springer. p.
315:After the Last River
213:issues, support the
64:Deputy Chief of the
1241:, December 2, 2015.
1021:"The hunger artist"
918:Native News Network
611:. December 10, 2012
559:. December 28, 2012
942:has generic name (
825:. Edmonton Journal
609:APTN National News
529:The Globe and Mail
585:. January 4, 2013
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390:the original
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360:. Retrieved
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215:Idle No More
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164:Grand Chief
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134:Idle No More
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59:Theresa Hall
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1333:Cree people
1318:1963 births
1239:CBC Sudbury
1101:30 December
1023:. Maclean's
1004:27 December
998:theStar.com
977:27 December
969:Johal, Am.
783:26 December
657:thestar.com
445:thestar.com
280:Shawn Atleo
270:Paul Martin
265:John Duncan
190:Anishinaabe
55:Preceded by
1312:Categories
1285:2013-01-15
1178:January 4,
1152:January 4,
1127:January 4,
1075:January 6,
923:2012-12-26
829:11 January
806:11 January
730:2013-01-11
709:2013-01-10
687:2013-01-10
663:2013-01-10
637:2013-01-10
615:January 4,
589:January 4,
479:January 6,
451:2012-12-03
425:2012-12-26
399:2012-12-26
339:References
1000:. Toronto
932:cite news
659:. Toronto
505:3 January
447:. Toronto
255:Maclean's
74:In office
45:In office
1196:CTV News
1147:CBC News
899:17666678
583:CBC News
420:CBC News
301:Premier
192:scholar
158:De Beers
299:Ontario
236:, near
102:Ontario
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755:23 May
330:Career
242:Ottawa
126:Canada
106:Canada
393:(PDF)
382:(PDF)
21:Chief
1264:2012
1180:2013
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1129:2013
1103:2012
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1006:2012
979:2012
944:help
895:PMID
858:ISBN
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831:2013
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