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she reaches a marriageable age, the mother tells her son to deliver her daughter's dowry. The son begins preparation to marry the girl off to a friend, and lets her into his home under the guise of her being an orphan to all but the two of them. His wife is unaware the girl is his sister, and believes he keeps her as a mistress. His wife steals her husband's signet ring and visits their country home accompanied by a group of slaves. She sends a slave with the signet to fetch the girl and bring her to the country home. The girl, aware that the husband is her brother, responds immediately, and on arrival at the country home is flogged by the wife's slaves, and put to death by a torch placed 'between her thighs'. The girl's brother takes the news and falls gravely ill. Aware of suspicions around her, his wife asks a corrupt doctor for instant poison. Accompanied by the doctor, she brings the poison to her husband in bed. Finding him surrounded by friends, she first tricks the doctor into drinking from the cup to prove to her husband the drink is benign, and giving him the remainder. Unable to return home in time to seek an antidote, the doctor dies telling his wife what happened and to at least collect a payment for the poison. The doctor's widow asks for payment but first offers the wife the remainder of her husband's collection of poisons. Finding that her daughter is next of kin to her husband for inheritance, the wife prepares a poison for both the doctor's widow and her daughter. The doctor's widow recognizes early the symptoms of the poison and rushes to the
Governor's Home. She tells the Governor the whole of the connected murders and dies. The wife is sentenced to death by wild beasts and to have public intercourse with Lucius the ass.
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tells
Thelyphron not to make fun of the task and warns him that shape-shifting witches are quite common in the area, using pieces of human flesh to fuel incantations. Thelyphron takes the job for a thousand drachme and is warned to stay very alert all through the night. The widow is at first hesitant, taking inventory of the body's intact parts. Thelyphron requests a meal and some wine, to which she promptly refuses and leaves him with a lamp for the night. A weasel enters the room and Thelyphron, frightened by its appearance, quickly chases it out, then falls into a deep sleep. At dawn, Thelyphron awakes and rushes over to the body in the room; to his relief, he finds the body intact. The widow enters, and calls for Thelyphron to be paid, satisfied with the intact corpse. Thanking the widow, Thelyphron is suddenly attacked by the crowd and narrowly escapes. He witnesses an elder of the town approach the townspeople desperately and claim that the widow had poisoned her husband to cover up a love affair. The widow protests and supposedly fakes her sadness and a necromancer is called to bring back the deceased for the only truly reliable testimony. The corpse awakes, and affirms the widow's guilt. The corpse then continues to talk and thanks Thelyphron for his trouble; during the night the witches entered as small animals and began to call the corpse and wake him up. By chance, Thelyphron was both the name of the corpse and the guard. Consequently, the witches steal pieces of his ears and nose instead of from the corpse. The witches cleverly replace the missing flesh with wax to delay discovery. Thelyphron touches his nose and ears to find wax fall out of where they once were in the crowd. The crowd laughs at Thelyphron's humiliation.
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Socrates tells
Aristomenes that Meroë is an ugly witch who turns her ex-lovers into rather unfortunate animals. Aristomenes doesn't believe Socrates' tale but is nevertheless afraid. Aristomenes barricades the door and they both go to bed. In the middle of the night, Meroë and Panthia break in, cut open Socrates, drain his blood, rip out his heart, and replace it with a sponge. Before leaving, they urinate on Aristomenes. The witches spare Aristomenes because they want him to bury Socrates in the land. Aristomenes fears that he will be blamed for the death of his friend and attempts to hang himself, but is comically stopped when the rope is revealed to be too rotten to support his weight. In the morning, Socrates wakes up and everything seems to be normal. They continue travelling and reach a stream, where Socrates bends to take a drink, which causes the sponge to fall out and him to die. Aristomenes buries Socrates in the ground, and then proceeds on his way.
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see the face of her husband, who visits and makes love to her in the dark of night. Eventually, Psyche wishes to see her sisters, who jealously demand she seek to discover the identity of her husband. That night, Psyche discovers her husband is Cupid while he is sleeping, but accidentally burned him with her oil lamp. Infuriated, he flies to heaven and leaves her banished from her castle. In attempted atonement, Psyche seeks the temple of Venus and offers herself as a slave. Venus assigns Psyche four impossible tasks. First, she is commanded to sort through a great hill of mixed grains. In pity, many ants aid her in completing the task. Next, she is commanded to retrieve wool of the dangerous golden sheep. A river god aids Psyche and tells her to gather clumps of wool from thorn bushes nearby. Venus next requests water from a cleft high beyond mortal reach. An eagle gathers the water for Psyche. Next, Psyche is demanded to seek some beauty from
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let Aretë out of his sight. Aretë's looks charm
Philesietaerus who vows to go to any lengths to gain her love. Philesietaerus bribes Myrmex with thirty gold pieces and the promise of his protection for allowing him a night with Aretë. Becoming obsessed with gold, Myrmex delivers the message to Aretë and Philesietaerus pays Myrmex a further ten pieces. While Aretë and Philesietaerus are making love, Barbarus returns but is locked out of the house. Philesietaerus leaves in a hurry, leaving behind his shoes. Barbarus does not notice the strange shoes until the morning, at which point he chains Myrmex's hands and drags him through town, screaming, while looking for the shoes' owner. Philesietaerus spots the two, runs up, and with great confidence shouts at Myrmex, accusing him of stealing his shoes. Barbarus allows Myrmex to live, but beats him for the 'theft'.
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absorbing his spouse's efforts at distraction, which take the form of bitter reproaches that his coming back so early betokens a laziness that can only worsen their poverty, the smith announces that he has sold the tub for six drachmae; to this his wife responds by saying that she has in fact already sold it for seven, and has sent the buyer into the tub to inspect it. Emerging, the lover complains that his supposed purchase is in need of a proper scrubbing if he is to close the deal, so the cuckolded smith gets a candle and flips the tub to clean it from underneath. The canny adulteress then lies atop of the tub and while her lover pleasures her, instructs her hapless husband as to where he should apply his energies. To add insult to injury, the ill-used man eventually has to deliver the tub to the lover's house himself.
428:. The narrator believes Aristomenes' tale and becomes more eager to learn about magic. The narrator arrives at Hypata, where he stays with Milo, a friend and miser, and his wife Pamphile. Photis, a serving girl in Milo's household, takes the narrator to the baths, after which the narrator goes to the marketplace. There, he buys some fish and runs into his old friend Pytheas, who is now a market official. Pytheas reveals the narrator's name as Lucius. Pytheas says that Lucius overpaid for the fish and humiliates the fish-monger by trampling on the fish. Lucius returns to Milo's house, hungry and empty-handed. Milo asks Lucius about his life, his friends, and his wanderings, which Lucius grows bored with. Lucius goes to sleep hungry.
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543:. He is entrusted with carrying the statue of Cybele on his back while he follows the group of priests on their rounds, who perform ecstatic rites in local farmsteads and estates for alms. While engaging in lewd activity with a local boy, the group of priests is discovered by a man in search of a stolen ass who mistakes Lucius' braying for that of his own animal. The priests flee to a new city where they are well received by one of its chief citizens. They are preparing to dine when his cook realizes that the meat that was to be served was stolen by a dog. The cook, at the suggestion of his wife, prepares to kill Lucius in order to serve his meat instead.
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760:, Queen of the Underworld. Attempting to kill herself to reach the underworld, Psyche ascends a great tower and prepares to throw herself down. The tower speaks, and teaches Psyche the way of the underworld. Psyche retrieves the beauty in a box, and, hoping to gain the approval of her husband, opens the box to use a little. She is put into a coma. Cupid rescues her, and begs Jupiter that she may become immortal. Psyche is granted Ambrosia, and the two are forever united.
526:, who suggests that they should not kill the captives but sell them. Haemus later reveals himself secretly to Charite as her fiancé Tlepolemus, and gets all of the thieves drunk. When they are asleep he slays them all. Tlepolemus, Charite and Lucius the ass safely escape back to the town. Once there, the ass is entrusted to a horrid boy who torments him but the boy is later killed by a she-bear. Enraged, the boy's mother plans to kill the ass.
644:, for his return to human form, citing all the various names the goddess is known by to people everywhere (Venus, Ceres, Diana, Proserpine, etc.). The Queen of Heaven appears in a vision to him and explains to him how he can be returned to human form by eating the crown of roses that will be held by one of her priests during a religious procession the following day. In return for his redemption, Lucius is expected to be initiated through the
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477:) when he is beaten by the gardener and chased by dogs. The thieves reclaim him and he is forced to go along with them; they talk about how their leader Thrasileon has been killed while dressed as a bear. The thieves also kidnap a rich young woman, Charite, who is housed in a cave with Lucius the ass. Charite starts crying, so an elderly woman who is in league with the thieves begins to tell her the story of
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bodies of the murdered men are revealed, they turn out to be puffed-up wineskins. It turns out that it was a prank played by the town upon Lucius, to celebrate their annual
Festival of Laughter. Later that day, Lucius and Photis watch Milo's wife perform her witchcraft and transform herself into a bird. Wishing to do the same, Lucius begs Photis to transform him, but she accidentally turns him into an
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465:, at which point Photis tells him that the only way for him to return to his human state is to eat a fresh rose. She puts him in the stable for the night and promises to bring him roses in the morning, but during the night Milo's house is raided by a band of thieves, who steal Lucius the ass, load him up with their plunder, and leave with him.
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slaves is mistaken for a band of robbers and attacked by farmhands of a rich estate. Several other misfortunes befall the travelers until they reach a village. Lucius as the narrator often digresses from the plot in order to recount several scandal-filled stories that he learns of during his journey. Lucius is eventually sold to a
424:. The narrator journeys to Thessaly on business. On the way, he runs into Aristomenes and an unnamed traveler. The unnamed traveler refuses to believe Aristomenes' story. The narrator insults the unnamed traveler and tells a short story about a sword swallower. He promises Aristomenes a free lunch if he will retell
624:, and a brief digression on philosophy and corruption, the time comes for Lucius to make his much-anticipated appearance. At the last moment he decides that copulating with such a wicked woman would be repugnant to him, and, moreover, the wild beasts would likely eat him along with her; and so he runs away to
968:... The nagging clashing effect of the rhymes gives us half the meaning. I quote two well-known versions: "She was crabbed, cruel, cursed, drunken, obstinate, niggish, phantasmagoric." "She was mischievous, malignant, addicted to men and wine, forward and stubborn." And here is the most recent one (by
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a few sneezes, the Fuller gets up and turns over the cage to find the lover waiting. The Fuller is talked out of beating the young man to death by the Baker, who points out that the young man will shortly die from the sulphur fumes if left in the cage. The Fuller agrees and returns the lover to the cage.
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Aristomenes goes on business for cheese and he runs into his friend
Socrates, who is disheveled and emaciated. Aristomenes clothes Socrates and takes him to the bathhouse. Aristomenes berates Socrates for leaving his family. While they are eating lunch, Socrates tells about his affair with Meroë.
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Soon after, the Galli are accosted by an armed troop who accuse them of stealing from their village temple, and are subsequently detained (with the treasures returned). Lucius is sold into labor, driving a baker's mill-wheel. Lucius, though bemoaning his labor as an ass, also realizes that this state
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The elderly woman continues telling the story of Cupid and Psyche. Cupid, Venus's son, secretly protects Psyche; Cupid becomes Psyche's mysterious husband, who is invisible to her by day and visits her only at night. Psyche's jealous sisters arouse her curiosity and fear about her husband's identity;
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While coming home with the Baker for supper, the Fuller interrupts his wife's love-making with a lover. She frantically attempts to hide her lover in a drying cage in the ceiling, hidden by hanging clothes soaked in sulphur. The lover begins to sneeze, and at first the Fuller excuses his wife. After
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Psyche, the most beautiful woman in the world, is envied by her family as well as by Venus. An oracle of Venus demands she be sent to a mountaintop and wed to a murderous beast. Sent by Venus to destroy her, Cupid falls in love and flies her away to his castle. There she is directed to never seek to
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While a student, Thelyphron partakes in many wanderings and eventually runs out of funds. At
Larissa, he encounters a large sum being offered to watch over a corpse for the night. Thelyphron is bemused and asks if the dead are accustomed to flee in Larissa. When he asks, a citizen criticises him and
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A man goes on a journey, leaving his pregnant wife and infant son. He commands his wife that if she bears a daughter, the child is to be killed. The child is indeed a daughter, and in pity, the mother convinces her poor neighbours to raise her. Her daughter grows up ignorant of her origin, and when
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Barbarus, an overbearing husband, is forced to leave on a business trip, and commands his slave, Myrmex, to watch his wife, Aretë, closely to assure she is being faithful during his time away. Barbarus tells Myrmex that any failure will result in his death. Myrmex is so intimidated that he does not
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Again he is sold, and he is taught many amusing tricks. Rumor spreads, and great fame comes to the ass and his master. As it happens, a woman is so enamored with the sideshow ass that she bribes his keeper and takes Lucius the ass to her bed. Lucius is then scheduled to have sex in the arena with a
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The next morning, Lucius meets up with his aunt
Byrrhena in the town, and she brings him home and warns him that Milo's wife is an evil witch who wants to kill Lucius, who is interested in becoming a witch himself. He then returns to Milo's house, where he makes love to Photis. The next day, Lucius
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In the last book, the tone abruptly changes. Driven to desperation by his asinine form, Lucius calls for divine aid, and is answered by the goddess Isis. Eager to be initiated into the mystery cult of Isis, Lucius abstains from forbidden foods, bathes and purifies himself. Then the secrets of the
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is the only surviving work of literature from the ancient Greco-Roman world to examine, from a first-hand perspective, the abhorrent condition of the lower classes. Yet despite its serious subject matter, the novel remains imaginative, witty, and often sexually explicit. Numerous amusing stories,
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During the day, her husband absent at his labors, the smith's wife is engaged in an adulterous affair. One day, the smith, work finished well ahead of schedule, returns home prematurelyâobviously to his wife's great consternation. Panicked, the faithless woman hides her lover in an old tub. After
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A man arrives at the mother's house and announces that
Tlepolemus and Charite are dead, caused by the scheming of the evil Thrasillus who wants Charite to marry him. After hearing the news of their master's death, the slaves run away, taking the ass Lucius with them. The large group of travelling
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The elderly woman finishes telling the story of Cupid and Psyche, as Psyche is forced to perform various tasks for Venus (including an errand to the underworld) with the help of Cupid and an assortment of friendly creatures, and is finally reunited with her husband. Then
Jupiter transforms Psyche
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The next morning, Lucius is abruptly awoken and arrested for the murder of the three men. He is taken to court where he is laughed at constantly and witnesses are brought against him. They are just about to announce his guilt when the widow demands to bring out the dead bodies; but when the three
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Psyche is the most beautiful woman on earth, and Venus jealously arranges for Psyche's destruction, ordering her son Cupid to arrange for her to fall in love with a worthless wretch. An oracle tells Psyche's parents to expose her on a mountain peak, where she will become the bride of a powerful,
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Lucius is then sent to his ancestral home, Rome, where he continues to worship Isis under the local name, Campensis. After a time, he is visited once more by the goddess, who speaks again of mysteries and holy rites which Lucius comes to understand as a command to be initiated into the
613:. He is then sold to two brothers, a confectioner and a cook, who treat him kindly. When they go out, Lucius secretly eats his fill of their food. At first a source of vexation, when the ass is discovered to be the one behind the disappearing food it is much laughed at and celebrated.
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Lucius' untimely escape from the cook coincides with an attack by rabid dogs, and his wild behavior is attributed to their viral bites. The men barricade him in a room until it is decided that he is no longer infected. The band of Galli eventually pack up and leave.
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cult's books are explained to him and further secrets revealed, before going through the process of initiation which involves a trial by the elements in a journey to the underworld. Lucius is then asked to seek initiation into the cult of
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In Book Nine, a baker's wife of poor reputation is advised by a female 'confidant' to be wary of choosing her lover, suggesting she find one very strong of body and will. She relates the story of one of the wife's previous school friends:
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Let us glance at some of the details of Apuleius' style and it will become clear that English translators have not even tried to preserve and carry over the least tincture of his manner ... Take the description of the baker's wife:
972:): "She was malicious, cruel, spiteful, lecherous, drunken, selfish, obstinate." Read again the merry and expressive doggerel of Apuleius and it will be seen how little of his vision of life has been transferred into English.
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Shortly afterwards, he receives a third vision. Though he is confused, the god appears to him and reassures him that he is much blessed and that he is to become once more initiated that he might supplicate in Rome as well.
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Carver, R. (2007-12-06). Shakespeare's Bottom and Apuleius' Ass. In The Protean Ass: The Metamorphoses of Apuleius from Antiquity to the Renaissance. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 27 Jul. 2022, from
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The tale is used to contrast the earlier tale told to the Baker's wife of high suspicion and quick judgments of character by her 'auntie' with the overly naive descriptions of nefarious people by her husband.
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from the point of view of Orual, Psyche's jealous ugly sister. The novel revolves upon the threat and hope of meeting the divine face to face. It has been called Lewis's "most compelling and powerful novel".
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Lucius the ass is then auctioned off to a farmer. The Tale of the Oppressive Landlord is here told. The farmer duly assaults a legionary who makes advances on his ass, Lucius, but he is found out and jailed.
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The story concludes with the goddess, Isis, appearing to Lucius and declaring that Lucius shall rise to a prominent position in the legal profession and that he shall be appointed to the College of
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mark a break in the narrative. The theme of the two intervening stories is adultery, and the text appropriately follows with the adultery of the baker's wife and the subsequent murder of the baker.
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to this particular manuscript, ignoring the rest except for occasional consultation. The text is characterized by a number of non-standard spellings, notably the frequent interchange of the letters
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about how witches cut off his nose and ears. After the meal, Lucius drunkenly returns to Milo's house in the dark, where he encounters three robbers, whom he soon slays before retiring to bed.
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features several shorter stories told by characters encountered by the protagonist. Some act as independent short stories, while others interlock with the original novel's plot developments.
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wives, and clever lovers, as well as the magical transformations that characterize the entire novel, are included within the main narrative. The longest of these inclusions is the tale of
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At the beginning of Book One, Lucius encounters two men arguing on the road about the truth of one's story. Lucius is interested, and offers the teller a free lunch for his tale.
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Apuleius' style is innovative, mannered, baroque and exuberant, a far cry from the more sedate Latinity familiar from the schoolroom. In the introduction to his translation of
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into Isis' priesthood, Isis being the Queen of Heaven's true name. Lucius follows her instructions and is returned to human form and, at length, initiated into her priesthood.
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and many others have followed. It is an imaginative, irreverent, and amusing work that relates the ludicrous adventures of one Lucius, a virile young man who is obsessed with
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Psyche, against Cupid's commands, looks at him by lamplight which wakes Cupid; Cupid abandons Psyche, who wanders in search of him, and takes revenge on her wicked sisters.
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which includes an episode in which the puppet protagonist is transformed into an ass. Another character who is transformed alongside him is named Lucignolo (
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into a goddess. That is the end of the tale. Lucius the ass and Charite escape from the cave but they are caught by the thieves, and sentenced to death.
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Schoeder, F. M. (2008). "The Final Metamorphosis: Narrative Voice in the Prologue of Apuleius' Golden Ass." In S. Stern-Gillet, and K. Corrigan (eds.),
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982:'s recent translation is: "A fiend in a fight but not very bright, hot for a crotch, wine-botched, rather die than let a whim pass byâthat was her."
286:) and insatiable desire to see and practice magic. While trying to perform a spell to transform into a bird, he is accidentally transformed into an
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to be done tormenting him, he takes the opportunity to purify himself by seven consecutive immersions in the sea. He then offers a prayer to the
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The prologue establishes an audience and a speaker, who defines himself by location, education, occupation, and his kinship with the philosophers
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On a break in his journey with the bandits, Lucius the ass trots over to a garden to munch on what seem to be roses (but are actually poisonous
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In Book Four, an elderly woman tells the story to comfort the bandits' captives. The story is continued through Books Five and Six.
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of 158â159, or as the climax of his literary career, and perhaps as late as the 170s or 180s. Apuleius adapted the story from a
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In Book Two, Thelyphron hesitantly relates a story requested at a dinner party that was previously popular with his friends:
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https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217861.001.0001/acprof-9780199217861-chapter-13
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In Book Nine the baker's wife attempts to hide her lover from her husband, and entertains to her husband's story of the
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Lectiones Scrupulosae: Essays on the Text and Interpretation of Apuleius' Metamorphoses in Honour of Maaike Zimmerman
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under a quite similar name, about a young man's unexpected transformation into an "Ungeziefer", a verminous bug.
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Apuleius (Sarah Ruden, translator). The Golden Ass. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2011. p. 195
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or Lampwick), a possible allusion to Lucius. The episode is frequently featured in its subsequent adaptations.
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multiple murderess before she is to be eaten by wild beasts; the Tale of the Jealous Wife tells her backstory.
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Kirichenko, A. (2008). "Asinus Philosophans: Platonic Philosophy and the Prologue to Apuleius' "Golden Ass.""
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Lindsay's own version is: "She was lewd and crude, a toper and a groper, a nagging hag of a fool of a mule."
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In the course of a visit to an inn in Book Nine, a smith recounts an anecdote concerning his wife's deceit:
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Apuleius' vocabulary is often eccentric and includes some archaic words. S. J. Harrison argues that some
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Wu, Jingyue (2017), â âNobilitas sola est atq; unica Virtusâ: Spying and the Politics of Virtue in
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De Smet, Richard. (1987). "The Erotic Adventure of Lucius and Photis in Apuleius' Metamorphoses."
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is uncertain. It has variously been considered by scholars as a youthful work preceding Apuleius'
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Reading Ancient Texts : Aristotle and Neoplatonism â Essays in Honour of Denis O'Brien,
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The protagonist of the novel is Lucius. At the end of the novel, he is revealed to be from
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freemen who are reduced, like Lucius, to being little more than beasts of burden by their
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Gorman, S. (2008). "When the Text Becomes the Teller: Apuleius and the Metamorphoses."
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In Book Ten a woman condemned to public humiliation with Lucius tells him her crimes:
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O'Sullivan, Timothy M. (2017). "Human and Asinine Postures in Apuleius' Golden Ass."
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Aspects of Apuleius' Golden Ass : The Isis Book: A Collection of Original Papers
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1472:). New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation; London: W.W. Norton and Company, Ltd.
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A man appears to the thieves and announces that he is the renowned thief Haemus the
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monstrous being. Psyche is left on the mountain, and carried away by a gentle wind.
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has survived in about 40 manuscripts, all or almost all of which are descendants of
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The Metamorphoses Ascribed to Lucius of Patrae: Its content, nature, and authorship
1611:(revised, paperback ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 9â10.
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2030:. Comedy in Three Parts after the Novel by Lucius Apuleius. London: Oberon Books.
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The Fortunes of Apuleius and the Golden Ass: A Study in Transmission and Reception
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The Protean Ass: The 'Metamorphoses' of Apuleius from Antiquity to the Renaissance
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original of which the author's name is said to be an otherwise unknown "Lucius of
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1674:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, London: Harvard University Press. pp. xiii, 222.
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published "Smarra ou les Demons de la Nuit" influenced by a reading of Apuleius.
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from c. 1595 where the character Bottom's head is transformed to that of an ass.
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679:
and Isis. Lucius is so happy that he goes about freely exposing his bald head.
310:
124:
1988:
Kenney, E. (2003). "In the Mill with Slaves: Lucius Looks Back in Gratitude."
2899:
2828:
2569:
1499:
1490:
1338:
1174:
1122:
969:
636:
Lucius wakes up in a panic during the first watch of the night. Considering
388:
335:
265:
94:
2075:
Stevenson, S. (1934). "A Comparison of Ovid and Apuleius as Story-Tellers."
1829:
1818:
The Golden Spy; or, A Political Journal of the British Nights Entertainments
437:
goes to his aunt's home for dinner, and there meets Thelyphron, who relates
2023:
1651:
1469:
909:
893:
510:
Charitë embraces Tlepolemus while Lucius looks on. From an illustration by
1323:. London: The Imperial Press. (Dirty passages rendered in original Latin.)
1292:
The Metamorphosis, or The Golden Ass, and Philosophical Works, of Apuleius
1276:. Wordsworth Classics of World Literature, Wordsworth Ed. Ltd.: Ware, GB.
767:
and frequently appears in or is referred to directly in later literature.
2198:
The Most Pleasant and Delectable Tale of the Marriage of Cupid and Psyche
1447:
1298:
1214:
1152:
1139:
979:
114:
82:
2187:
1880:
Apuleiusâ Invisible Ass: Encounters with the Unseen in the Metamorphoses
2813:
1234:, the character Lucius Gil Jones is a composite of Lucius, Gil Blas in
1226:
1085:
757:
605:
Lucius comes into the legionary's possession, and after lodging with a
550:
Lucius encounters the murderous wife. Illustration by Jean de BosschĂšre
219:
175:
1046:, where Augustine would later study. Augustine refers to Apuleius and
779:
The Wife and her lover near the Tub. Illustration by Jean de BosschĂšre
453:
Lucius spies Milo's wife transforming into a vulture. Illustration by
290:. This leads to a long journey, literal and metaphorical, filled with
2084:
Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association
2054:
Perry, B. E. (2016). "An Interpretation of Apuleius' Metamorphoses."
2009:
Lee, Benjamin Todd, Ellen D Finkelpearl, and Luca Graverini. (2014).
523:
295:
1294:. London: J. Moyes (Suppressed (dirty) passages printed separately.)
1217:
adapted the text into a fairly abridged graphic novel version named
912:
country aristocracy, is forced to witness and share the miseries of
391:. Editors of the text have therefore seen it as their goal to apply
2734:
2278:
2256:
2217:
1236:
986:
936:
932:
901:
889:
775:
722:
625:
417:
279:
247:
52:
1967:. Pierides, 5. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
1484:
1196:, the libretto of which was written by celebrated Canadian author
571:
has allowed him to hear many novel things with his long-ass ears.
506:
2164:
1571:
The "Golden Ass," the only Latin novel to survive in its entirety
1161:, retelling the CupidâPsyche myth from books four through six of
993:
in the transmitted text may be the result of textual corruption.
917:
913:
809:
637:
154:
2103:
Wright, C. S, Holloway, J. Bolton, & Schoeck, R. J. (2000).
2332:
1009:
990:
905:
540:
474:
462:
364:
339:
287:
26:
1303:
The Metamorphosis of Apuleius; A Romance of the Second Century
868:
The text is a precursor to the literary genre of the episodic
2323:
1103:. A year later in 1709, he published a re-adaptation, titled
1038:. Scholars note that Apuleius came from the Algerian city of
536:
380:
354:
272:
268:
1972:
Framing the Ass: Literary Texture in Apuleius' Metamorphoses
1944:
Apuleius of Madauros: The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI)
1744:
pp. 104â05, The Belknap Press of Harvard University (2007),
1305:. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. (Bowdlerized)
2327:
1704:
S. J. Harrison (2006). "Some Textual Problems in Apuleius'
1504:
299:
2082:
Tatum, J. (1969). "The Tales in Apuleius' Metamorphoses."
943:, encountered here for the first but not the last time in
195:
1965:
Characterisation in Apuleius' Metamorphoses: Nine Studies
1797:
Machiavelli in Love: The Modern Politics of Love and Fear
1024:
The style of autobiographical confession of suffering in
1334:. London: The Clarendon Press. (Dirty passages removed.)
935:, with their ordinary themes of simple-minded husbands,
314:
Lucius takes human form, in a 1345 illustration of the
2733:
578:
1990:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
342:", also the name of the lead character and narrator.
2061:
Schlam, C. (1968). The Curiosity of the Golden Ass.
1903:
46.3: 613â23. SociĂ©tĂ© d'Ătudes Latines de Bruxelles.
1480:
855:
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman
574:
1716:Supplementum. Groningen: Barkhuis. pp. 59â67.
1507:, the best-known collection of metamorphosis myths.
1088:poem. It was uncompleted at the time of his death.
1012:in Rome, and eventually becomes initiated into the
1381:Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press.
1016:, a group of priests that serves Isis and Osiris.
2470:Landscape with Psyche Outside the Palace of Cupid
2091:Apuleius' Metamorphoses: A Study in Roman Fiction
2047:Paschalis, M., & Frangoulidis, S. A. (2002).
1872:
387:), an extant 11th-century manuscript produced in
2826:
1960:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1464:Apuleius; Finkelpearl, Ellen D. (Trans.) (2021)
1308:Apuleius; Anonymous Translator (Trans.) (1853).
1204:also appears as a plot device in Davies's novel
1107:, which is regarded as the first, fully-fledged
2478:Psyche Showing Her Sisters Her Gifts from Cupid
2201:(Excerpt illustrated by Dorothy Mullock, 1914.)
1032:in the tone and styleâpartly in polemicâof his
610:
564:
1974:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
1703:
1606:
790:
2719:
2294:
1847:. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press. p. 120.
966:saeva scaeva virosa ebriosa pervicax pertinax
345:This Greek text by Lucius of Patrae has been
1432:Apuleius; Relihan, Joel C. (Trans.) (2007).
1019:
803:
592:Lucius is returned to human form during the
1936:23(1), Center for Studies in Oral Tradition
1844:The Fiction of C. S. Lewis: Mask and Mirror
1552:
1436:Hackett Publishing Company: Indianapolis.
823:
741:
596:. From an Illustration by Jean de BosschĂšre
211:
62:
2726:
2712:
2301:
2287:
438:
425:
2253:, essay by Ted Gioia (Conceptual Fiction)
2105:Tales within Tales: Apuleius Through Time
1363:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
931:many of which seem to be based on actual
908:. In this guise, Lucius, a member of the
770:
1929:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1906:
1882:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1708:". In W. H. Keulen; et al. (eds.).
1546:
839:
774:
763:The story is the best-known of those in
721:
587:
545:
505:
448:
309:
298:through the intervention of the goddess
1400:Apuleius; Walsh, P.G. (Trans.) (1994).
1345:. Penguin Classics, Penguin Books Ltd.
1262:
2827:
2225:: a digital humanities project on the
1840:
1822:Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies
1669:
2707:
2282:
2173:'s English translation made in 1566:
1631:
1247:The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
861:The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
2659:Old Woman Telling the Tale of Psyche
2308:
2018:Apuleius and Drama: The Ass on Stage
1556:Arts and Humanities Through the Eras
1434:The Golden Ass Or, A Book of Changes
924:at the hands of wealthy landowners.
710:
698:
383:Laurentianus 68.2 (also called F in
35:'s Latin edition of Apuleius' novel
2167:critical edition, published in 1897
2093:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2020:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1889:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13:
2885:Works based on classical mythology
1979:Structural Unity in the Golden Ass
1760:Walsh, P.G. (1994). Introduction.
628:, eventually to nap on the beach.
291:
14:
2911:
2111:
2051:. Groningen: Barkhuis Publishing.
2028:The Golden Ass or the Curious Man
1155:published the allegorical novel,
2206:
1483:
1188:produced an operatic version of
682:
563:The narrative is interrupted by
25:
2860:Ancient Roman erotic literature
2376:(1751, Cassanéa de Mondonville)
2213:Metamorphosis or The Golden Ass
2006:, 61(1), fourth series, 89â107.
1834:
1810:
1789:
1775:
1754:
1730:
1697:
575:The Tale of the Jealous Husband
326:The date of composition of the
16:Ancient Roman novel by Apuleius
2414:Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss
2271:Apuleius: Metamorphoses Book I
1873:References and further reading
1688:
1663:
1645:
1625:
1600:
1588:
1576:
1531:
1519:Silver Age of Latin literature
1219:Le metamorfosi o l'asino d'oro
631:
370:
1:
1885:Carver, Robert H. F. (2007).
996:
852:in picaresque novels such as
579:The Tale of the Fuller's Wife
529:
517:
444:
2895:Novels set in ancient Greece
2142:Resources in other libraries
1670:Hanson, John Arthur (1989).
1641:. G.E. Stechert. p. 13.
1559:. Thomson/Gale. p. 78.
1524:
1418:(Trans.) (1998, rev. 2004).
1200:. An operatic production of
554:
488:
468:
275:to survive in its entirety.
7:
2845:Fiction about shapeshifting
2216:public domain audiobook at
2013:New York;London: Routledge.
1963:Harrison, S. (ed.) (2015).
1907:Fletcher, K. F. B. (2023).
1799:. Oxford: Lexington Press.
1476:
1257:
1213:In 1999, comic-book artist
1207:A Mixture of Frailties
1169:In 1985, comic-book artist
1128:The Adventures of Pinocchio
1095:published an adaptation of
1050:particularly derisively in
835:
791:Tale of the Jealous Husband
600:
497:
431:
411:
10:
2916:
2890:Novels set in ancient Rome
2880:2nd-century books in Latin
2870:Novels adapted into operas
2526:L'Amour et Psyché, enfants
2449:(16th century, Fiorentino)
2236:at Perseus Digital Library
2223:The Spectacles of Apuleius
2056:Illinois Classical Studies
2049:Space in the Ancient Novel
1925:Gaisser, J. Haig. (2008).
1672:Apuleius: Metamorphoses, I
1179:Les SorciĂšres de Thessalie
1142:published the short story
1000:
844:The episodic structure of
745:
735:William-Adolphe Bouguereau
675:) that he might serve the
672:
620:After an enactment of the
611:Tale of the Murderous Wife
565:The Tale of the Wife's Tub
355:
43:(Gouda, Netherlands, 1650)
2806:
2790:
2774:
2747:
2668:
2641:
2623:
2588:
2561:
2544:
2432:
2409:(1st or 2nd century copy)
2391:
2348:
2316:
2137:Resources in your library
1958:Apuleius. A Latin Sophist
1609:Apuleius: A Latin sophist
1312:. London: Bohn's Library.
1070:A Midsummer Night's Dream
1020:Adaptations and influence
804:Tale of the Fuller's Wife
305:
225:
205:
193:
181:
171:
163:Published in English
161:
150:
140:
130:
120:
70:
58:
48:
24:
2446:Bacchus, Venus and Cupid
1970:Harrison, S. J. (2013).
1824:40:2 (2017), pp. 237â53
1607:Harrison, S.J. (2004) .
1468:(edited and abridged by
1173:adapted the text into a
950:
824:Tale of the Jealous Wife
742:Tale of Cupid and Psyche
2685:The Widow from Valencia
2486:Cupid Crowned by Psyche
2265:Book One and Apuleius'
2161:Metamorphoseon libri XI
1830:10.1111/1754-0208.12412
959:, Jack Lindsay writes:
667:("shrine-bearer", from
406:
302:, whose cult he joins.
2518:Psyche Looking at Love
2107:. New York: AMS Press.
2072:115â35. Boston: Brill.
1995:Keulen, W. H. (2011).
1992:(1974â) 133.1: 159â92.
1956:Harrison, S. (2000).
1795:Patapan, Haig (2006).
1186:Canadian Opera Company
974:
865:
848:inspired the style of
780:
771:Tale of the Wife's Tub
738:
609:, Lucius recounts the
597:
551:
514:
457:
323:
212:
63:
2605:The Robber Bridegroom
2089:Tilg, Stefan (2014).
2077:The Classical Journal
2063:The Classical Journal
2042:The Classical Journal
1841:Filmer, Kath (1993).
1764:. Oxford: Oxford UP.
1736:Iles Johnson, Sarah,
1655:, English translation
1404:New York: Oxford UP.
1310:The Works of Apuleius
1224:In the fantasy novel
1101:The New Metamorphosis
1001:Further information:
961:
900:. Finding himself in
843:
778:
725:
591:
549:
509:
452:
318:(ms. Vat. Lat. 2194,
313:
2875:Novels about animals
2855:Zoophilia in culture
2643:Story within a story
2269:," in J. S. Ruebel,
2011:Apuleius and Africa.
1553:James Evans (2005).
1263:English translations
874:Francisco de Quevedo
385:critical apparatuses
2759:(Machiavelli, 1517)
2425:(1807, Thorvaldsen)
2401:(c. 1st century AD)
2373:Les fĂȘtes de Paphos
2188:Project Gutenberg:
1977:Hooper, R. (1985).
1909:The Ass of the Gods
1878:Benson, G. (2019).
1375:Hanson, John Arthur
1244:, and Tom Jones in
1184:In April 1999, the
1084:of the story, as a
1078:NiccolĂČ Machiavelli
1061:William Shakespeare
1044:Souk Ahras Province
886:Miguel de Cervantes
677:mysteries of Osiris
422:Sextus of Chaeronea
294:. He finally finds
146:Late 2nd century AD
59:Original title
21:
2835:2nd-century novels
2764:Till We Have Faces
2613:Till We Have Faces
2534:The Bath of Psyche
2529:(1890, Bouguereau)
2454:The Feast of Venus
2157:(Latin text only.)
1940:Griffiths, J. Gwyn
1653:Lucius, or The Ass
1270:Adlington, William
1158:Till We Have Faces
1063:was influenced by
1030:Augustine of Hippo
945:Western literature
882:Giovanni Boccaccio
866:
781:
739:
598:
552:
515:
458:
324:
252:Augustine of Hippo
109:Edward John Kenney
103:John Arthur Hanson
19:
2865:Picaresque novels
2850:Fictional donkeys
2822:
2821:
2798:Mysteries of Isis
2701:
2700:
2692:The Green Serpent
2481:(1753, Fragonard)
2440:Feast of the Gods
2171:William Adlington
2118:Library resources
2099:978-0-19-870683-0
2044:, 112.2: 196â216.
1985:, 44(2), 398â401.
1911:. Leiden: Brill.
1895:978-0-19-921786-1
1805:978-0-7391-1250-2
1750:978-0-674-02548-6
1742:Ancient Religions
1714:Ancient Narrative
1566:978-0-7876-5699-7
1460:978-0-300-15477-1
1450:(Trans.) (2011).
1442:978-0-87220-887-2
1428:978-0-14-043590-0
1422:London: Penguin.
1410:978-0-19-283888-9
1377:(Trans.) (1989).
1359:(Trans.) (1962).
1341:(Trans.) (1950).
1330:(Trans.) (1910).
1319:(Trans.) (1904).
1317:Byrne, Francis D.
1301:(Trans.) (1851).
1290:(Trans.) (1822).
1272:(Trans.) (1566).
1242:Alain-René Lesage
1145:The Metamorphosis
1003:Mysteries of Isis
878:François Rabelais
727:Psyche et L'Amour
711:Thelyphron's Tale
699:Aristomenes' Tale
689:picaresque novels
687:Similar to other
654:mysteries of Isis
622:judgment of Paris
512:Jean de BosschĂšre
455:Jean de BosschĂšre
393:textual criticism
351:Lucius or the Ass
238:
237:
157:, present Algeria
151:Publication place
75:William Adlington
2907:
2807:Character source
2782:Cupid and Psyche
2728:
2721:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2537:(1890, Leighton)
2502:Cupid and Psyche
2494:Psyche Abandoned
2465:(1640, van Dyck)
2462:Cupid and Psyche
2422:Cupid and Psyche
2406:Cupid and Psyche
2310:Cupid and Psyche
2303:
2296:
2289:
2280:
2279:
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2209:
2016:May, R. (2006).
1999:. Leiden: Brill.
1922:
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1512:Cupid and Psyche
1493:
1488:
1487:
1232:John Myers Myers
1198:Robertson Davies
941:Cupid and Psyche
870:picaresque novel
748:Cupid and Psyche
674:
479:Cupid and Psyche
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357:
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142:Publication date
135:Picaresque novel
87:Francis D. Byrne
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31:Title page from
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2840:Novels in Latin
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2578:Eros and Psyche
2557:
2540:
2510:Love and Psyche
2473:(1664, Lorrain)
2428:
2399:Marlborough gem
2387:
2384:(1800, Abeille)
2381:Amor und Psyche
2344:
2312:
2307:
2207:
2190:The Golden Asse
2183:Standard Ebooks
2152:Forum Romanum:
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2065:, 64.3: 120â25.
1946:. E. J. Brill.
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1489:
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1479:
1452:The Golden Ass.
1420:The Golden Ass.
1402:The Golden Ass.
1265:
1260:
1194:Randolph Peters
1171:Georges Pichard
1082:his own version
1059:The writing of
1053:The City of God
1022:
1005:
999:
953:
858:(pictured) and
850:humorous travel
838:
826:
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731:Psyche and Amor
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646:Navigium Isidis
642:Queen of Heaven
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320:Vatican Library
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1379:Metamorphoses.
1371:
1361:The Golden Ass
1353:
1343:The Golden Ass
1339:Graves, Robert
1335:
1332:The Golden Ass
1324:
1321:The Golden Ass
1313:
1306:
1295:
1288:Taylor, Thomas
1284:
1274:The Golden Ass
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1252:Henry Fielding
1202:The Golden Ass
1190:The Golden Ass
1163:The Golden Ass
1116:Charles Nodier
1105:The Golden Spy
1097:The Golden Ass
1093:Charles Gildon
1065:The Golden Ass
1048:The Golden Ass
1026:The Golden Ass
1021:
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952:
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846:The Golden Ass
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746:Main article:
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684:
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656:. He does so.
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356:ÎÎżÏÎșÎčÎżÏ áŒą áœÎœÎżÏ
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2767:(Lewis, 1956)
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2748:Modernisation
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2677:Metamorphoses
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2570:Ode to Psyche
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2267:Metamorphoses
2263:
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2227:Metamorphoses
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2193:(Plain text.)
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2154:Metamorphoses
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2106:
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2086:100: 487â527.
2085:
2081:
2079:29.8: 582â90.
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2036:1-84002-285-X
2033:
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2024:Oswald, Peter
2022:
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1491:Novels portal
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1384:
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1369:0-253-20036-9
1366:
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1357:Lindsay, Jack
1354:
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1351:0-374-53181-1
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1175:graphic novel
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389:Monte Cassino
386:
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377:Metamorphoses
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316:Metamorphoses
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266:ancient Roman
263:
262:Asinus aureus
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243:Metamorphoses
234:at Wikisource
233:
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214:Metamorphoses
210:
207:Original text
204:
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196:LC Class
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184:Dewey Decimal
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95:Robert Graves
92:
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79:Thomas Taylor
76:
73:
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64:Metamorphoses
61:
57:
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38:
37:Metamorphoses
34:
28:
23:
2762:
2754:
2739:
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2690:
2683:
2675:
2657:
2652:The Visitors
2650:
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2242:Commentaries
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2176:
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2132:Online books
2122:
2104:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2058:41.2: 405â21
2055:
2048:
2041:
2027:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
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1858:. Retrieved
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1533:
1515:Roman story.
1510:
1498:
1470:Peter Singer
1465:
1451:
1448:Ruden, Sarah
1433:
1419:
1416:Kenney, E.J.
1401:
1378:
1360:
1342:
1331:
1328:Butler H. E.
1320:
1309:
1302:
1299:Head, George
1291:
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1120:
1113:
1111:in English.
1109:it-narrative
1104:
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1023:
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1006:
984:
978:
975:
965:
962:
956:
954:
927:
926:
922:exploitation
894:Daniel Defoe
867:
859:
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849:
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827:
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483:
475:rose-laurels
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331:
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283:
277:
261:
256:
255:
242:
241:
239:
229:
99:Jack Lindsay
91:H. E. Butler
40:
36:
2791:Description
2554:(1671 play)
2260:by B. Slade
2251:by Apuleius
2229:of Apuleius
1659:attalus.org
1215:Milo Manara
1153:C. S. Lewis
1140:Franz Kafka
1040:M'Daourouch
1035:Confessions
1028:influenced
1014:pastophoroi
980:Sarah Ruden
872:, in which
632:Book Eleven
371:Manuscripts
292:inset tales
226:Translation
115:Sarah Ruden
106:P. G. Walsh
83:George Head
2829:Categories
2814:Silverlock
2317:Characters
1860:27 October
1446:Apuleius;
1414:Apuleius;
1373:Apuleius;
1355:Apuleius;
1337:Apuleius;
1326:Apuleius;
1315:Apuleius;
1297:Apuleius;
1286:Apuleius;
1268:Apuleius;
1227:Silverlock
1133:Candlewick
1125:published
1086:terza rima
997:Final book
937:adulterous
933:folk tales
758:Proserpina
673:ÏαÏÏÎżÏÏÏÎżÏ
665:Pastophori
539:priest of
530:Book Eight
518:Book Seven
445:Book Three
284:curiositas
220:Wikisource
201:PA6209 .M3
176:Manuscript
71:Translator
41:Golden Ass
33:John Price
2433:Paintings
2392:Sculpture
2004:Mnemosyne
1820:(1709)â,
1738:Mysteries
1525:Footnotes
1454:Yale UP.
1151:In 1956,
1138:In 1915,
1121:In 1883,
1114:In 1821,
1099:, titled
1091:In 1708,
1076:In 1517,
987:archaisms
970:R. Graves
918:destitute
626:Cenchreae
555:Book Nine
489:Book Five
469:Book Four
296:salvation
218:at Latin
39:, or the
2735:Apuleius
2634:" (2006)
2218:LibriVox
2026:(2002).
1942:(1975).
1635:(1920).
1541:18.18.2'
1477:See also
1389:(v. 1),
1258:Editions
1237:Gil Blas
1210:(1958).
902:Thessaly
890:Voltaire
836:Overview
607:decurion
601:Book Ten
524:Thracian
498:Book Six
439:his tale
432:Book Two
426:his tale
418:Plutarch
412:Book One
280:Madaurus
260:(Latin:
250:, which
248:Apuleius
121:Language
53:Apuleius
2775:Stories
2669:Related
2165:Teubner
1983:Latomus
1901:Latomus
1177:titled
332:Apology
155:Numidia
2680:(play)
2616:(1956)
2608:(1942)
2600:(1650)
2589:Novels
2581:(1885)
2573:(1819)
2562:Poetry
2552:Psyché
2365:Psyché
2357:Psyche
2340:Psyche
2333:Erotes
2275:(PDF.)
2120:about
2097:
2034:
1950:
1915:
1893:
1851:
1807:p. 61.
1803:
1768:
1748:
1720:
1678:
1615:
1563:
1458:
1440:
1426:
1408:
1397:(v. 2)
1393:
1385:
1367:
1349:
1280:
1080:wrote
1010:Osiris
991:syntax
914:slaves
810:Fuller
737:, 1889
541:Cybele
537:Gallus
365:Lucian
340:Patrae
306:Origin
189:873.01
49:Author
2624:Music
2545:Stage
2349:Opera
2324:Cupid
1772:p. xi
1740:, in
1597:11.27
1067:e.g.
951:Style
910:Roman
898:magic
381:codex
336:Greek
273:Latin
269:novel
131:Genre
125:Latin
2900:Isis
2328:Eros
2163:, a
2095:ISBN
2032:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1891:ISBN
1862:2017
1849:ISBN
1801:ISBN
1766:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1676:ISBN
1613:ISBN
1585:1.24
1561:ISBN
1505:Ovid
1456:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1278:ISBN
916:and
638:Fate
577:and
420:and
407:Plot
399:and
375:The
347:lost
300:Isis
240:The
167:1566
2737:'s
2181:at
1826:doi
1657:at
1503:by
1250:by
1240:by
1230:by
1192:by
1042:in
989:of
906:ass
733:).
463:ass
288:ass
271:in
246:of
2831::
1981:.
1712:.
1569:.
1254:.
1221:.
1181:.
1056:.
947:.
892:,
888:,
884:,
880:,
876:,
812::
691:,
671::
567:.
481:.
403:.
359:,
322:).
2727:e
2720:t
2713:v
2630:"
2326:/
2302:e
2295:t
2288:v
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