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provide the general location of the next fragment. At the end of the quest in 3E 399 (a decade after the start of the game), the player finds the final piece and reassembles the staff. This, however, does not release the
Emperor as all of the staff's power has been drained into the Jewel of Fire, an oversight by Ria. The player travels to the Imperial City to confront Tharn's minions, the player finds the Jewel of Fire and touches it with the Staff of Chaos, this destroys both the jewel and the staff as well as releasing the Emperor. The jewel also turned out to be where Tharn has stored his lifeforce and the destruction of the jewel resulted in his death. As a token of respect and gratitude, Uriel Septim grants the player the title of Eternal Champion, and Ria Silmane finally enters the afterlife.
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837:"a tightening of the code, a little polishing up of the basic engine, a little scaling back of the size, and the inclusion of some real role-playing elements ... with a solid storyline. These are well within Bethesda's abilities". The next month she reported that another patch had been released and a fifth was being developed ("Obviously, the game was released far, far too soon, with less than adequate playtesting"). She advised players to store their
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process of development progressed, however, the tournaments became less important and the side quests more. Role-playing elements were added to the game, as the game expanded to include the cities outside the arenas, and dungeons beyond the cities. Eventually it was decided to drop the idea of tournaments altogether, and focus on quests and dungeons, making the game a "full-blown RPG".
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realistic and massive wilderness, where one may find inns, farms, small towns, dungeons, and other places of interest. The towns contain developer-designed buildings and shops, but the order in which these appear and their names are procedurally generated. There are several hundred dungeons and 17 specially designed dungeons for the main quest.
34:
566:. It was Lakshman who came up with the idea of "The Elder Scrolls", and though, in the words of Peterson, "I don't think he knew what the hell it meant any more than we did", the words eventually came to mean "Tamriel's mystical tomes of knowledge that told of its past, present, and future." The game's initial
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In addition to the main quest, which is completed by beating all seventeen dungeons and finding pieces of the staff, small side quests also appear. These are often found by asking around town for rumours. These quests are usually very simple, such as delivering a parcel or defeating a randomly chosen
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The game's world is infinite. While the game's manual claims that the player can walk from one village to another, in actuality it is infinite and requires fast travel to get between towns. This is achieved by combining procedurally generated content and specifically designed world spaces to create a
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Despite the formidable demands the game made on players' machines, the game became a cult hit. Evaluations of the game's success vary from "minor" to "modest" to "wild", but are unvarying in presenting the game as a success. Game historian Matt Barton concludes that, in any case, "the game set a new
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s "huge world split into nine provinces", many races and terrains, NPC interactions, and absence of level limits. The magazine stated that the game had sophisticated graphics "without forgetting the lessons of the past in terms of game design" or being "more like action games", citing similarities
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When Tharn proceeds to magically disguise himself as
Emperor in order to usurp the throne, his conspiracy is witnessed by mage apprentice Ria Silmane, whom he murders before she can warn the Elder Council. Tharn then summons demon minions to replace the Emperor's Guard and in his disguise he sends
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The game was originally due to release on
Christmas Day 1993 but it was then released three months later in March 1994. The misleading packaging further contributed to distributor distaste for the game, leading to an initial distribution of only 3,000 units—a smaller number even, recalls Peterson,
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was not to be an RPG at all. The player and a team of his fighters would travel about a world fighting other teams in their arenas until the player became "grand champion" in the world's capital, the
Imperial City. Along the way, side quests of a more role-playing nature could be completed. As the
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The original concept of arena combat never made it to the coding stage, so few artifacts from that era of development remain: the game's title, and a text file with the names of fighting teams from every large city in
Tamriel, and a brief introduction for them. The concept of travelling teams was
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The player is informed that the only way to stop Tharn is to get hold of the Staff of Chaos which holds his lifeforce. This staff has been split by Tharn into many fragments throughout the continent of
Tamriel. Each time one is found, Ria appears to the player the next time they rest, in order to
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form, holding herself together long enough to inform the imprisoned player of Tharn's betrayal and instructs them throughout their escape from the infamous dungeons. Past that point, she lacks the power to manifest physically and appears to the player during dreams. She creates a key to allow the
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The game's setting begins in
Tamriel on the 389th year of the Third Era, when Emperor Uriel Septim VII summons his advisor and Imperial Battlemage Jagar Tharn over concerns of betrayal from within the court. It transpires that his concerns were justified when Tharn is revealed to be the traitor,
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has been noted for its tendency to be unforgiving towards new players. It is easy to die in the starting dungeon, as powerful enemies can be encountered if the player lingers too long. This effect gradually disappears as the player becomes more powerful and more aware of the threats that loom
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was initially planned to have the player travel in towns across
Tamriel, fighting other teams in their arenas until the player became "grand champion". As development on the game progressed, side quests took more importance, and the tournament aspect of the game took a back seat. Role-playing
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combat is performed by right-clicking the mouse and dragging the cursor across the screen to attack as if swinging a weapon. Magic is used by cycling through a menu found by clicking the appropriate button on the main game screen, then clicking the spell to be used, and its target.
530:, a game Peterson describes as a "free-form first-person perspective game that took place in a single city", has also been noted. Asked for his overall comment on the game, he replied "It was certainly derivative ...". Aside from the fact that Bethesda had made
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eventually left aside as well because the team's decision to produce a first-person RPG had made the system somewhat less fun. The game was going to have a team of up to four party members, but that feature was dropped and reduced to a single adventurer.
336:
is notable for being one of the first games to feature a realistic day/night cycle, where at sunset shops close and people clear the streets before the monsters arrive and roam around until morning. This soon became a staple feature of most
797:", with both depth and sophisticated 3D graphics. It surmised "This may be the 'biggest' world, in terms of game play, that will reach store shelves this year", with a "rich and compelling" storyline and setting. The magazine's
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s instability "even with three patches so far" and insufficient travel time to finish quests. Scorpia complained that "in a game of this size, everything eventually becomes mechanical and repetitious", including towns,
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were those who, in
Peterson's opinion, "really spear-headed the initial development of the series." Game journalist Joe Blancato credits company co-founder Chris Weaver with the development: "If Weaver had a baby,
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would spawn later sequels that created a series which has gone on to become one of the biggest western RPGs of all time. The game received praise from critics and would go on to win several awards such as
599:, loved it, and spread the word. Sales rocketed; awards and accolades rained down. Today, more than eighteen months after publication, the game is still selling and still being played avidly.
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was originally released on CD-ROM and 3.5" floppy disk. The CD-ROM edition is the more advanced, featuring enhanced speech for some characters and CGI video sequences. In late 1994,
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has nothing revolutionary to offer in role-playing fantasy, it is nevertheless a worthwhile game for the sheer depth of its quest capabilities that far outnumber the competition."
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the 18th greatest game of all time. The editors praised it as "next-generation role-playing that will satisfy both newcomers and veterans alike." The game was a runner-up for
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at the time, and them literally laughing at us for thinking we could do it." Peterson worked alongside Vijay
Lakshman as one of the two designers of what was then simply
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Although the team had dropped all arena combat from the end game, because all the material had already been printed up with the title, the game went to market as
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as a "stunning technological achievement; give this game a better storyline, and you might have the best FRP ever designed." Later that year, the magazine named
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266:. The game features a day/night cycle and includes a spell creation system that allows players to mix various spell effects. Development for
562:. The team came up with a lore-friendly explanation for this, being because the Empire of Tamriel was so violent, it had been nicknamed the
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was re-released in a special "Deluxe Edition" package, containing the CD-ROM patched to the latest version, a mousepad with the map of
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in 1996. In 2004, a downloadable version of the game was made available free of charge as part of the tenth anniversary of the series.
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by Bethesda Softworks in 2004 is the 3.5" floppy disk version, not the CD-ROM edition. Newer systems may require an emulator such as
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825:, quests, and enemies, reporting that "Everything is isolated, and there is no sense of a coherent whole here". She said that "
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elements were added to the game, and the game expanded to include towns outside the arenas and dungeons beyond the cities.
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on March 25, 1994. The game follows the player trying to uncover a conspiracy against Emperor Uriel Septim VII.
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side quests". She liked the combat ("the most natural way of fighting that I've seen in a first-person game"),
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534:"Much, much bigger" than other titles on the market, Peterson held that the team " doing anything too new" in
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the player character, a court official and subordinate of General Warhaft, to die in the Imperial dungeons.
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also supports Linux, macOS and Windows natively instead of requiring an MS-DOS emulator to run the game.
940:, Arena sold 90,000 units in 1994, 24,000 units in 1995, and 6,000 in 1996 for a total of 120,000 units.
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and demonstrated just how much room was left for innovation. Although not as popular as the later games,
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player to escape the dungeons and teleports them to a different province through a mystical Shift Gate.
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360:, says that he started the game at least 20 times, and only got out of the beginning dungeon once.
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1881:"The History of Computer Role-Playing Games Part III: The Platinum and Modern Ages (1994–2004)"
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as his first assignment. Peterson had joined the company in 1992, working assignments on
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add-on. "We were sure we had screwed the company and we'd go out of business." However,
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magically trapping the Emperor and his general, Talin Warhaft, in another dimension.
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s 1994 "Role-Playing Game of the Year". The game set a new standard for this type of
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was changed in response, beginning: "It has been foretold in the Elder Scrolls ..."
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Designer Ted Peterson recalls the experience: "I remember talking to the guys at
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generated a cult following and sold 120,000 units. The game was followed by
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1361:"The 30 Most Important 90s Video Games Of All Time, Officially Ranked"
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Word-of-mouth did the trick. The game-starved RPG fans looked at
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1050:. March 25, 2014. Archived from the original on April 10, 2016
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printed on it, and the Codex Scientia, an in-depth hint book.
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1651:. No. 130. May 1995. pp. 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44.
1330:"The First Elder Scrolls Game Has The Biggest Map (By Far)"
833:
with minimal plot", but hoped that Bethesda would apply to
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Peterson, Lakshman and LeFay were longtime aficionados of
1542:(November 1995). "Bethesda Softworks: The Little Giant".
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such as WASD movement, higher resolutions and mouselook.
262:, complete with wilderness, towns and dungeons which are
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s 1994 "Role-Playing Game of the Year" award, beating
2332:
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim: Original Game Soundtrack
988:
respectively. It brings many modern improvements to
321:
The game is played from a first-person perspective.
1560:"Bethesda Softworks celebrates Elder Scroll's 10th"
1548:. Vol. 2, no. 11. pp. 92–94, 96, 98.
376:Following her death, Ria uses her magic to take an
429:was it, and it showed." During the development of
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1633:
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1206:. Morrowind Italia. April 9, 2001. Archived from
869:s 1994 "Best Role-playing Game" award, losing to
2385:
1068:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
517:series, which became their main inspiration for
503:, and it was from these games that the world of
491:, as well as other "fairly forgettable titles".
2464:Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
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1268:"10th Anniversary Of The Elder Scrolls Series"
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1092:. March 27, 1994. p. 36. Archived from
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745:When previewing the game in December 1993,
2459:Video games developed in the United States
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801:in May 1994 noted the game's "many, many,
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1425:. March 29, 2019. Event occurs at 1:06.
1417:"Celebrate 25 Years of The Elder Scrolls"
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1178:
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1174:
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1170:
1014:"Celebrate 25 Years Of The Elder scrolls"
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1234:"The consumer title publishing business"
312:
2474:Games commercially released with DOSBox
2469:Video games using procedural generation
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1707:"Fresh Blood In The Role-Playing Arena"
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783:. The magazine in April 1994 said that
258:takes place on the entire continent of
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1878:
1849:Staff (March 1995). "The First Annual
1747:from the original on November 11, 2017
1655:from the original on February 10, 2021
1570:from the original on December 11, 2008
1448:
1446:
1444:
1429:from the original on November 10, 2022
1395:"Most Memorable Elder Scrolls Moments"
1340:from the original on February 16, 2022
1231:
1167:
405:Wizardry: Crusaders of the Dark Savant
237:video game developed and published by
1992:List of The Elder Scrolls video games
1952:
1911:
1848:
1832:Top 40: The Best Games of All Time".
1827:
1618:The Elder Scrolls, Chapter One: Arena
1611:
1609:
1532:
1487:from the original on November 4, 2010
1371:from the original on October 24, 2021
881:The Elder Scrolls, Chapter One: Arena
412:, a "medieval-style gladiator game".
1867:
1114:
507:was created. They were also fans of
309:Gameplay of The Elder Scrolls series
1705:Wilson, Johnny L. (December 1993).
1441:
636:
501:pencil-and-paper role-playing games
13:
1922:from the original on July 10, 2022
1893:from the original on June 11, 2007
1809:from the original on June 16, 2020
1606:
1594:The Elder Scrolls, Volume 1: Arena
1453:Blancato, Joe (February 6, 2007).
1359:Ashcroft, Helen (April 14, 2019).
1292:
1232:Gussin, Lawrence (November 1996).
1145:The Elder Scrolls 10th Anniversary
14:
2485:
2244:The Elder Scrolls Renewal Project
1937:
1778:from the original on July 3, 2014
1717:from the original on July 2, 2018
1676:"The Elder Scrolls: Arena Review"
1280:from the original on May 17, 2019
1024:from the original on July 9, 2021
664:
617:The version that was released as
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1743:. April 1994. pp. 174–180.
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
2399:Action role-playing video games
1905:
1879:Barton, Matt (April 11, 2007).
1667:
1552:
1508:
1473:
1455:"Bethesda: The Right Direction"
1409:
1383:
1352:
943:
541:
1616:Brenesal, Barry (June 1994). "
1592:Yee, Bernie (May–June 1994). "
1457:. The Escapist. Archived from
1322:
1260:
1076:
1036:
1006:
907:Ravenloft: Strahd's Possession
794:Might and Magic: World of Xeen
437:, later executive producer of
388:
317:At the Mages Guild in the snow
1:
999:
902:Realms of Arkania: Star Trail
872:Realms of Arkania: Star Trail
738:Role-Playing Game of the Year
494:
393:
787:"looks like a cross between
632:
7:
1141:"Arena - Behind the Scenes"
1044:"20 Years of Elder Scrolls"
913:Superhero League of Hoboken
420:Ted Peterson, Lakshman and
302:
10:
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1528:. August 1993. p. 20.
1300:"The Elder Scrolls: Arena"
1204:"Ted Peterson Interview I"
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924:standard for this type of
920:as "a breakthrough game".
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2439:Role-playing video games
2409:Video games about demons
2404:Bethesda Softworks games
1863:(3): 44, 45, 47, 48, 51.
1622:Electronic Entertainment
1483:. The Imperial Library.
1107:The Elder Scrolls: Arena
931:
877:Electronic Entertainment
854:, Bernie Yee summarized
707:Electronic Entertainment
629:is a DOS-based program.
560:The Elder Scrolls: Arena
488:Terminator: Future Shock
415:
241:. The first game in the
227:The Elder Scrolls: Arena
27:The Elder Scrolls: Arena
1516:"Industry News Special"
966:replacement game engine
591:reported in late 1995:
579:than the sales for his
363:
2434:Open-world video games
2307:ZeniMax Online Studios
2214:Nehrim: At Fate's Edge
1912:Aaron (July 9, 2022),
1828:Staff (August 1994). "
1768:"Enter The Gladiator!"
1151:. 2004. Archived from
1109://Published by US Gold
601:
318:
264:procedurally generated
248:, it was released for
2300:Bethesda Game Studios
1803:Computer Gaming World
1797:Scorpia (June 1994).
1772:Computer Gaming World
1741:Computer Gaming World
1711:Computer Gaming World
1648:Computer Gaming World
1641:Computer Gaming World
1521:Computer Gaming World
916:. The editors hailed
889:Computer Gaming World
748:Computer Gaming World
733:Computer Gaming World
593:
509:Looking Glass Studios
316:
280:Computer Gaming World
141:Kenneth Lee Mayfield
1774:. pp. 102–106.
1766:Scorpia (May 1994).
1686:on November 15, 2014
1643:1995 Premier Awards"
875:. Barry Brenesal of
809:, world detail, and
2424:Fantasy video games
2051:Knights of the Nine
1801:. Scorpion's View.
1770:. Scorpion's View.
1713:. pp. 28, 30.
1540:Trotter, William R.
1238:CD-ROM Professional
1084:"Night bird's game"
719:
643:
482:Terminator: Rampage
441:, lead designer on
356:, lead designer of
235:action role-playing
208:Action role-playing
2295:Bethesda Softworks
2236:The Forgotten City
1805:. pp. 68–72.
1674:Michael L. House.
1399:Bethesda Softworks
1336:. April 19, 2020.
1310:on January 2, 2003
1149:Bethesda Softworks
1020:. March 25, 2019.
823:conversation trees
811:character creation
717:
641:
463:Bethesda Softworks
319:
239:Bethesda Softworks
67:Bethesda Softworks
47:Bethesda Softworks
2449:The Elder Scrolls
2381:
2380:
2345:Arrow in the knee
2182:The Infernal City
1981:The Elder Scrolls
1799:"Return to Arena"
1566:. April 7, 2007.
1405:on March 7, 2008.
1393:(June 16, 2007).
1276:. April 5, 2004.
1096:on March 24, 2024
789:Ultima Underworld
742:
741:
715:
714:
527:Legends of Valour
524:The influence of
514:Ultima Underworld
223:
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163:The Elder Scrolls
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1682:. Archived from
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1524:. No. 109.
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1401:. Archived from
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974:Daggerfall Unity
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2323:Development of
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2207:Tamriel Rebuilt
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2058:Shivering Isles
1994:
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127:Jennifer Pratt
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244:Elder Scrolls
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216:
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143:Jeff Perryman
138:
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125:
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119:Programmer(s)
116:
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60:
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35:
30:
25:
19:
2338:"Dragonborn"
2330:
2324:
2279:Jeremy Soule
2269:Julian LeFay
2248:
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2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2056:
2049:
2044:IV: Oblivion
2042:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1979:
1924:, retrieved
1915:OpenTESArena
1914:
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1884:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1813:November 12,
1811:. Retrieved
1802:
1792:
1782:November 11,
1780:. Retrieved
1771:
1761:
1751:November 11,
1749:. Retrieved
1740:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1710:
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:the original
1679:
1669:
1659:November 11,
1657:. Retrieved
1646:
1640:
1621:
1617:
1602:(1): 70, 71.
1597:
1593:
1572:. Retrieved
1563:
1554:
1543:
1534:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1481:"Go Blades!"
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:the original
1433:November 10,
1431:. Retrieved
1420:
1411:
1403:the original
1391:Rolston, Ken
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1365:thegamer.com
1364:
1354:
1344:February 16,
1342:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:the original
1303:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1271:
1262:
1252:– via
1246:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1237:
1212:. Retrieved
1208:the original
1157:. Retrieved
1153:the original
1144:
1106:
1105:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:the original
1087:
1078:
1052:. Retrieved
1048:bethblog.com
1047:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1018:bethesda.net
1017:
1008:
994:OpenTESArena
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
955:OpenTESArena
954:
953:
944:OpenTESArena
935:
922:
917:
911:
905:
901:
895:
888:
884:
880:
876:
870:
863:
859:
855:
849:
847:
842:
834:
826:
814:
807:magic system
802:
792:
788:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
752:
746:
744:
731:
706:
694:
655:
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616:
607:
603:
602:
596:
594:
586:
580:
577:
563:
559:
557:
553:
547:
545:
542:Design goals
535:
531:
525:
523:
518:
512:
498:
486:
480:
474:
470:
452:
446:
442:
438:
430:
426:
422:Julian LeFay
419:
409:
403:
397:
383:
375:
371:
367:
357:
352:everywhere.
348:
347:
343:
333:
332:
328:
320:
294:
290:
279:
274:
273:
267:
255:
254:
243:
226:
225:
224:
161:
124:Julian Lefay
113:Ted Peterson
54:Publisher(s)
42:Developer(s)
18:
2274:Todd Howard
2120:Battlespire
1999:Main series
1838:(3): 32–42.
1835:PC Gamer US
1599:PC Gamer US
1545:PC Gamer US
1491:October 18,
1054:October 31,
959:open-source
864:PC Gamer US
851:PC Gamer US
774:Dragon Wars
723:Publication
711:8 out of 10
647:Publication
588:PC Gamer US
546:Initially,
469:version of
435:Todd Howard
389:Development
378:incorporeal
354:Ken Rolston
171:Platform(s)
149:Composer(s)
107:Designer(s)
97:Producer(s)
87:Director(s)
2388:Categories
2250:Skyblivion
2088:Dragonborn
2081:Hearthfire
1526:Ziff Davis
1000:References
982:Daggerfall
948:See also:
839:save games
568:voice-over
495:Influences
394:Background
307:See also:
296:Daggerfall
232:open-world
2414:DOS games
2288:Companies
2141:Shadowkey
2112:Spin-offs
2074:Dawnguard
2067:V: Skyrim
2035:Bloodmoon
1886:Gamasutra
1853:Awards".
1721:March 29,
1624:(6): 100.
1100:March 24,
986:Morrowind
780:Darklands
768:Wasteland
762:Ultima IV
638:Reception
633:Reception
461:, joined
459:Starfield
448:Fallout 3
358:Morrowind
345:dungeon.
135:Artist(s)
2373:Category
2325:Oblivion
2127:Redguard
2028:Tribunal
1926:July 10,
1920:archived
1891:Archived
1856:PC Gamer
1851:PC Gamer
1830:PC Gamer
1807:Archived
1776:Archived
1745:Archived
1715:Archived
1690:April 5,
1653:Archived
1574:April 8,
1568:Archived
1564:GameSpot
1485:Archived
1427:Archived
1369:Archived
1338:Archived
1334:TheGamer
1278:Archived
1248:July 29,
1064:cite web
1022:Archived
695:PC Gamer
619:freeware
439:Oblivion
303:Gameplay
203:Genre(s)
2316:Related
2229:Enderal
2223:modding
2157:Legends
2134:Travels
1897:June 8,
1680:Allgame
1465:June 1,
1422:YouTube
1284:May 17,
1214:June 8,
1159:June 8,
1028:July 9,
938:PC Data
799:Scorpia
657:AllGame
612:Tamriel
574:Release
505:Tamriel
400:SirTech
260:Tamriel
214:Mode(s)
182:Release
77:US Gold
2355:SureAI
2350:OpenMW
2262:People
2221:Skyrim
2174:Novels
2164:Blades
2150:Online
1984:series
1375:May 7,
978:OpenMW
957:is an
950:OpenMW
777:, and
751:noted
623:DOSBox
485:, and
467:CD-ROM
443:Skyrim
250:MS-DOS
246:series
230:is an
176:MS-DOS
158:Series
2007:Arena
1639:"The
990:Arena
970:Arena
932:Sales
918:Arena
892:'
885:Arena
867:'
860:Arena
856:Arena
843:Arena
827:Arena
818:'
815:Arena
785:Arena
759:with
756:'
753:Arena
726:Award
718:Award
650:Score
627:Arena
608:Arena
604:Arena
597:Arena
564:Arena
548:Arena
536:Arena
532:Arena
519:Arena
471:Arena
431:Arena
427:Arena
416:Staff
410:Arena
349:Arena
334:Arena
323:Melee
291:Arena
283:'
275:Arena
268:Arena
256:Arena
2199:Mods
1928:2022
1899:2007
1815:2017
1784:2017
1753:2017
1723:2016
1692:2022
1661:2017
1576:2008
1493:2010
1467:2007
1435:2022
1377:2021
1346:2022
1316:2008
1286:2019
1250:2024
1216:2007
1161:2007
1102:2024
1070:link
1056:2023
1030:2021
984:and
980:for
976:and
968:for
926:CRPG
910:and
897:Wolf
887:won
803:many
791:and
697:(US)
451:and
445:and
364:Plot
287:CRPG
1620:".
1596:".
1304:IGN
1273:IGN
848:In
701:88%
2390::
2102:VI
1918:,
1889:.
1883:.
1869:^
1859:.
1739:.
1709:.
1678:.
1645:.
1630:^
1608:^
1584:^
1562:.
1518:.
1443:^
1419:.
1397:.
1367:.
1363:.
1332:.
1302:.
1270:.
1236:.
1224:^
1169:^
1147:.
1143:.
1116:^
1104:.
1086:.
1066:}}
1062:{{
1046:.
1016:.
961:,
904:,
900:,
771:,
765:,
538:.
521:.
511:'
479:,
433:,
341:.
190:NA
72:UK
63:NA
1972:e
1965:t
1958:v
1901:.
1861:2
1817:.
1786:.
1755:.
1725:.
1694:.
1663:.
1578:.
1495:.
1469:.
1437:.
1379:.
1348:.
1318:.
1288:.
1256:.
1218:.
1163:.
1072:)
1058:.
1032:.
454:4
192::
74::
65::
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