128:
1011:. The video game publishers did not, however, experience the same level of rise in stock prices that many dot-com companies saw. This was probably because video game publishing was seen as a more mature industry whose prospects were fairly well understood, as opposed to the typical exciting dot-com business model with unknown but possibly sky-high prospects. While many technology stocks were eventually destroyed in the dot-com crash in the early 2000s, the stock prices of the video game publishers recovered as a group; several of the larger publishers such as EA and
27:
925:
platforms. Mobile game publishers have a comprehensive understanding of the mobile gaming market. They have proficiency in strategies for engagement and user acquisition for mobile sites. For mobile gaming there is access through app stores for distribution channels. There are obstacles with monetization due to lack of in-app purchase and
905:
publishers are companies that work with independent developers. Their focus is on developing games that promotes creativity and originality. Developers have creative control over their games. These publishers implement intimate collaborations between the publishers and the developers. Often stand out
756:
launch is planned around that date, including advertising commitments, and then after all the advertising is paid for, the development staff announces that the game will "slip", and will actually be ready several months later than originally intended. When the game finally appears, the effects among
798:
Current generation consoles have more advanced graphic capabilities than previous consoles. Taking advantage of those capabilities requires a larger team-size than games on earlier, simpler consoles. In order to compete with the best games on these consoles, there are more characters to animate; all
782:
The industry has become more "hit driven" over the past decade. Consumers buy the game that's best marketed but not necessarily of the highest quality, therefore buying fewer other games in that genre. This has led to much larger game development budgets, as every game publisher tries to ensure that
877:
publishers produce and create games that are high budget and groundbreaking. They are advanced in technology and forward the boundaries of technology and creativity in the video game world. AAA game publishers often produce popular and blockbuster games. These publishers have the financial resource
886:
to guarantee reach and exposure for their games. With their funds to market they are able to advertise and reach a wider consumer pool and have access to distribute to a big network. Although they have creative constraints within game development and marketing, they often focus and follow market
864:
for every game so manufactured. This royalty must be paid at the time of manufacturing, as opposed to royalty payments in almost all other industries, where royalties are paid upon actual sales of the product—and, importantly, are payable for games that did not sell to a consumer. So, if a game
924:
publishers produce and specialize in video games on smartphones and tablet devices. They take advantage of the widespread appeal and rise of mobile gaming. These publishers enhance games for touch based interfaces and devices. They are proficient in designing monetization tactics for mobile
722:
to monitor the developer's progress, critique ongoing development, and assist as necessary. Most video games created by an external video game developer are paid for with periodic advances on royalties. These advances are paid when the developer reaches certain stages of development, called
698:
the games they publish, while some smaller publishers instead hire distribution companies (or larger video game publishers) to distribute the games they publish. Other functions usually performed by the publisher include deciding on and paying for any
751:
Product slippage is common due to the uncertain schedules of software development. Most publishers have suffered a "false launch", in which the development staff assures the company that game development will be completed by a certain date, and a
991:
formed "interactive" divisions to profit in this allegedly booming new media. Most of these divisions later folded after expensively producing several games that were heavy in "full-motion video" content, but light in the quality of
757:
consumers of the marketing launch—the excitement and "buzz" over the release of the game, fueling consumers' intent to purchase—have dissipated, and lackluster interest leads to weak sales. An example of this is the PSP version of
707:; layout, printing, and possibly the writing of the user manual; and the creation of graphic design elements such as the box design. Some large publishers with vertical structure also own publishing subsidiaries (labels).
811:
and more complex programming code is required to simulate physics in the game world, and to render everything as precisely and quickly as possible. On this generation of consoles, games commonly require budgets of
865:
publisher orders one million copies of its game, but half of them do not sell, the publisher has already paid the full console manufacturer royalty on one million copies of the game and has to absorb that cost.
747:
selling season accounts for a highly significant portion of industry sales, leading to a concentrated influx of high-quality competition every year in every game category, all in the fourth quarter of the
906:
in the video game market due to the more unique genres. Indie game publishers have restrict marketing budgets and have small audience reach and visibility. Examples of Indie video game publishers are
837:
console, though debuting in the same generation as the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox 360, requires a smaller development budget, as innovation on the Wii is centered around the use of the
822:, for example, cost US$ 35 million to develop, not counting the cost of marketing and sales. Every game financed is, then, a large gamble, and pressure to succeed is high.
783:
its game is number 1 in its category. It also caused publishers to on occasion force developers to focus on sequels of successful franchises instead of exploring original
714:
and code packages for commonly needed functionality. Because the publisher often finances development, they usually try to manage development risk along with a staff of
761:. These problems are compounded if the game is supposed to ship for the Christmas selling season, but actually slips into the subsequent year. Some developers (notably
1178:
1230:
769:) have alleviated this problem by simply saying that a given game will be released "when it's done", only announcing a definite date once the game is
1030:
402:
1152:
647:
795:
have both attracted criticism for acquiring studios with original games and assigning them to support roles in more mainstream franchises.
1253:
710:
Large publishers also attempt to boost efficiency across all internal and external development teams by providing services such as
91:
63:
342:
209:
1337:
1124:
704:
44:
70:
1052:
428:
1454:
860:(1985) have monopolized the manufacture of every game made for their console and have required all publishers to pay a
609:
1071:
77:
640:
110:
1276:
382:
352:
833:
market, in which smaller, simpler games are published for PCs and as downloadable console games. Also, Nintendo's
1499:
59:
1504:
1425:
Steirer, G., & Barnes, J. (2019). Angry Birds: Mobile Gaming. In M. T. Payne & N. B. Huntemann (Eds.),
1098:
930:
724:
48:
1041:
857:
604:
597:
592:
258:
1307:
633:
619:
1468:
887:
trends. They have a higher demand to attain commercial success. Examples of AAA video game publishers are
614:
466:
538:
362:
1362:
Nieborg, David B. (2021). "9. How to Study Game
Publishers: Activision Blizzard's Corporate History".
192:
1204:
985:
874:
818:
523:
444:
407:
883:
770:
172:
167:
84:
695:
432:
372:
37:
127:
800:
288:
199:
149:
1179:"'White space' helps us understand the strategic direction of gaming mergers and acquisitions"
829:
Contrasting with the big budget titles increased expense of "front-line" console games is the
911:
784:
574:
377:
335:
273:
177:
1441:
Tran, Binh (2023-07-17). "Types of Game
Publishers: The Major Players in Game Publishing?".
1378:
Tran, Binh (2023-07-17). "Types of Game
Publishers: The Major Players in Game Publishing?".
1012:
813:
683:
676:
471:
357:
347:
320:
161:
8:
1231:"Activision Reduces Prototype Devs To "Support" Role, Significantly Reduces Staff Levels"
788:
544:
454:
216:
156:
140:
878:
and means to fund large game development projects. These publishers implement and fund
775:
719:
479:
315:
1457:, Leigh Alexander, April 26, 2010, gamasutra.com. Fetched from Web on April 26, 2010.
1413:
499:
392:
310:
268:
187:
907:
504:
397:
221:
1341:
1286:
1008:
977:
954:
888:
792:
412:
1007:
days of the late 1990s, when technology companies in general were surrounded by
1004:
934:
808:
675:
that have been developed either internally by the publisher or externally by a
449:
1430:
984:
revolution that would bring interactive entertainment to the masses. Several
1493:
1404:
Johnson, Lindy L.; DeBoeser, Elizabeth (2017). "Review of Inside, Playdead".
996:
715:
711:
999:, revenue from the sales of video and computer games exceeded revenue from
988:
961:
diversified list of large U.S. corporations; in April 2010, it entered the
950:
926:
849:
804:
569:
494:
484:
461:
278:
226:
968:
Hype over video game publisher stocks has been breathless at two points:
962:
921:
830:
803:
with a higher level of detail; more textures must be created; the entire
762:
528:
439:
253:
204:
981:
958:
902:
896:
838:
766:
672:
669:
516:
293:
263:
244:
1308:"PlayStation Official Site – PlayStation Console, Games, Accessories"
879:
861:
856:
risk. All significant console manufacturers since
Nintendo with its
853:
753:
744:
549:
26:
1281:
1129:
915:
773:. However, this sometimes can be problematic as well, as seen with
690:) and sometimes by paying an internal staff of developers called a
511:
300:
283:
1315:
1153:"Has video game retail become an entirely 'hits driven' industry?"
1024:
892:
700:
665:
1469:"Disney's many, many attempts at figuring out the game industry"
973:
1374:
1372:
938:
1000:
953:. As a group, they have had mixed performance. At present,
736:
1369:
682:
They often finance the development, sometimes by paying a
834:
1254:"Activision cuts staff at 'Prototype' video game studio"
1125:"Months late, Spider-Man 3 goes to PSP with new content"
852:, game publishers take on the burden of a great deal of
1393:
Thinking about Video Games: Interviews with the
Experts
1046:
949:
Numerous video game publishers are traded publicly on
1076:
Aspect Law Group | A media and entertainment law firm
1072:"An Overview of Video Game Publishing for Developers"
1395:. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01715-4.
1099:"Why is November still such a big month for games?"
807:must be made more complex to allow the creation of
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1205:"Color Zen throws spotlight on city's games scene"
957:is the only third-party publisher present in the
1491:
1035:
1031:List of largest video game companies by revenue
1025:List of largest video game companies by revenue
1003:box-office receipts for the first time in the
735:Video game publishing is associated with high
641:
1096:
250:Specialized / alternative-paradigmatic types
1431:http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv12fw8tn.30
1015:achieved historical highs in the mid-2000s.
869:
816:$ 15 million to $ 20 million. Activision's
1406:Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy
648:
634:
1455:"Electronic Arts Breaks Into Fortune 500"
929:. Examples of Mobile game publishers are
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1275:Sinclair, Brendan (September 14, 2006).
1274:
1176:
1150:
972:In the early 1990s, the introduction of
1202:
1144:
694:. The large video game publishers also
1492:
1251:
703:that are used by the game; paying for
1466:
841:and not around the graphics pipeline.
1228:
1122:
1053:List of largest video game employers
1047:List of largest video game employers
944:
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
1123:Yoon, Andrew (September 10, 2007).
13:
1429:(Vol. 1, pp. 216–223). NYU Press.
1277:"Activision exec prices PS3 games"
1177:Hennings, Nate (August 12, 2013).
610:List of video game industry people
16:Company that publishes video games
14:
1516:
1467:Clark, Willie (August 18, 2016).
1203:Messina, Judith (July 31, 2013).
1151:Matthews, Matt (April 19, 2012).
730:
1097:Rachel Weber (August 27, 2020).
403:Intellectual property protection
126:
25:
1460:
1448:
1435:
1419:
1398:
1385:
1356:
1330:
1300:
36:needs additional citations for
1268:
1252:Snider, Mike (June 28, 2012).
1245:
1222:
1196:
1170:
1116:
1090:
1064:
1:
1057:
1042:List of video game publishers
1036:List of video game publishers
1019:
605:List of video game publishers
593:List of video game developers
620:List of video game magazines
7:
1391:Heineman, David S. (2015).
615:List of video game websites
10:
1521:
1050:
1039:
1028:
787:; some publishers such as
686:(the publisher calls this
539:Advertising in video games
1209:Crain's New York Business
771:released to manufacturing
408:Digital rights management
927:free-to-play(F2P) models
870:Types of game publishers
1427:How to Play Video Games
1382:. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
1364:Game Production Studies
976:computer drives caused
135:Part of a series on the
1500:Video game development
1445:. Retrieved 2023-11-07
1229:nofi (June 28, 2012).
60:"Video game publisher"
1505:Video game publishers
912:Annapurna Interactive
1344:on December 21, 2013
1318:on November 17, 2014
1013:Take-Two Interactive
965:for the first time.
848:When publishing for
688:external development
684:video game developer
677:video game developer
662:video game publisher
472:Downloadable content
45:improve this article
799:characters must be
789:Activision Blizzard
455:Episodic video game
141:Video game industry
1443:Gamespublisher.com
1380:Gamespublisher.com
1078:. October 10, 2021
776:Duke Nukem Forever
480:Games as a service
945:Investor interest
658:
657:
500:Microtransactions
269:Interactive movie
121:
120:
113:
95:
1512:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1423:
1417:
1402:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1376:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1340:. Archived from
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1314:. Archived from
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1068:
908:Devolver Digital
720:project managers
650:
643:
636:
505:In-game currency
130:
123:
122:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1436:
1424:
1420:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1386:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1287:CBS Interactive
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1022:
955:Electronic Arts
947:
889:Electronic Arts
872:
793:Electronic Arts
733:
654:
625:
624:
588:
580:
579:
575:Game journalism
565:
557:
556:
541:
435:
421:
420:
413:Copy protection
338:
328:
327:
240:
232:
231:
164:
152:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1518:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1486:
1485:
1459:
1447:
1434:
1418:
1412:(3): 340–341.
1397:
1384:
1368:
1366:. pp. 179–196.
1355:
1338:"Why Xbox 360"
1329:
1299:
1267:
1244:
1233:. TheSixthAxis
1221:
1195:
1169:
1157:Game Developer
1143:
1115:
1089:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1051:Main article:
1048:
1045:
1040:Main article:
1037:
1034:
1029:Main article:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
993:
946:
943:
871:
868:
867:
866:
845:
844:
843:
842:
824:
823:
796:
780:
749:
732:
731:Business risks
729:
656:
655:
653:
652:
645:
638:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
601:
600:
589:
586:
585:
582:
581:
578:
577:
572:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
553:
552:
547:
535:
534:
533:
532:
531:
521:
520:
519:
509:
508:
507:
497:
491:
490:
489:
488:
487:
476:
475:
474:
469:
464:
459:
458:
457:
452:
450:Expansion pack
447:
436:
427:
426:
423:
422:
419:
418:
417:
416:
415:
410:
400:
395:
389:
388:
387:
386:
385:
383:Content rating
375:
369:
368:
367:
366:
365:
360:
355:
350:
339:
334:
333:
330:
329:
326:
325:
324:
323:
313:
311:Arcade cabinet
307:
306:
305:
304:
303:
298:
297:
296:
291:
286:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
224:
219:
214:
213:
212:
207:
197:
196:
195:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
175:
170:
159:
153:
148:
147:
144:
143:
137:
136:
132:
131:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1517:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1359:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1322:September 17,
1317:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1255:
1248:
1232:
1225:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1043:
1032:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:United States
994:
990:
989:movie studios
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
970:
969:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:stock markets
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
919:
917:
913:
909:
904:
900:
898:
894:
890:
885:
881:
876:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:game consoles
847:
846:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:
826:
825:
821:
820:
815:
810:
806:
802:
797:
794:
790:
786:
781:
778:
777:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
750:
746:
742:
741:
740:
738:
728:
726:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
671:
667:
663:
651:
646:
644:
639:
637:
632:
631:
629:
628:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
599:
596:
595:
594:
591:
590:
584:
583:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
561:
560:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
540:
537:
536:
530:
527:
526:
525:
522:
518:
515:
514:
513:
510:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
486:
483:
482:
481:
478:
477:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
441:
438:
437:
434:
430:
425:
424:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
384:
381:
380:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
344:
341:
340:
337:
332:
331:
322:
319:
318:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
302:
299:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
251:
248:
247:
246:
243:
242:
236:
235:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
211:
208:
206:
203:
202:
201:
198:
194:
191:
190:
189:
186:
185:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
151:
146:
145:
142:
139:
138:
134:
133:
129:
125:
124:
115:
112:
104:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1478:February 22,
1476:. Retrieved
1472:
1462:
1450:
1442:
1437:
1426:
1421:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1379:
1363:
1358:
1348:December 20,
1346:. Retrieved
1342:the original
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1316:the original
1311:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1280:
1270:
1258:. Retrieved
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1224:
1212:. Retrieved
1208:
1198:
1186:. Retrieved
1182:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1156:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1128:
1118:
1108:February 22,
1106:. Retrieved
1102:
1092:
1082:February 22,
1080:. Retrieved
1075:
1066:
967:
948:
920:
901:
884:distribution
873:
819:Spider-Man 3
817:
805:art pipeline
774:
759:Spider-Man 3
758:
734:
712:sound design
709:
705:localization
691:
687:
681:
661:
659:
570:Game studies
495:Free-to-play
485:Cloud gaming
467:Crowdfunding
462:Early access
433:monetization
429:Distribution
373:Localization
249:
193:Level design
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1312:Playstation
1256:. USA Today
1183:VentureBeat
963:Fortune 500
959:S&P 500
922:Mobile game
831:casual game
809:normal maps
673:video games
529:Battle pass
524:Season pass
440:Buy-to-play
363:South Korea
200:Programming
150:Development
101:August 2009
1494:Categories
1416:1081-3004.
1260:August 17,
1237:August 17,
1214:August 12,
1188:August 12,
1162:August 12,
1103:gamesradar
1058:References
1020:Publishers
982:multimedia
903:Indie game
897:Activision
839:Wii Remote
725:milestones
696:distribute
378:Censorship
336:Publishing
274:Nonviolent
245:Video game
178:Programmer
71:newspapers
992:gameplay.
986:Hollywood
931:Supercell
880:marketing
854:inventory
754:marketing
745:Christmas
716:producers
670:publishes
550:Advergame
321:Accessory
162:Developer
1282:GameSpot
1130:Engadget
980:about a
916:Raw Fury
875:AAA game
701:licenses
512:Loot box
445:AAA game
301:Non-game
294:Exergame
284:Art game
239:Products
217:Graphics
168:Designer
157:Producer
1473:Polygon
1292:May 18,
1136:July 3,
1005:dot-com
995:In the
893:Ubisoft
862:royalty
801:modeled
666:company
564:Related
545:in-game
343:Markets
316:Console
289:Edugame
279:Serious
227:Testing
85:scholar
974:CD-ROM
937:, and
895:, and
692:studio
393:Piracy
259:Erotic
254:Casual
205:Engine
188:Design
173:Artist
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
939:Zynga
748:year.
668:that
664:is a
598:Indie
587:Lists
517:gacha
398:Clone
358:Japan
348:China
264:Indie
222:Music
92:JSTOR
78:books
1480:2023
1414:ISSN
1350:2013
1324:2017
1294:2017
1262:2012
1239:2012
1216:2013
1190:2013
1164:2013
1138:2019
1110:2023
1084:2023
1009:hype
1001:film
978:hype
935:King
914:and
882:and
791:and
767:Epic
765:and
743:The
737:risk
431:and
353:U.S.
64:news
858:NES
835:Wii
718:or
47:by
1496::
1471:.
1410:61
1408:.
1371:^
1310:.
1285:.
1279:.
1207:.
1181:.
1155:.
1127:.
1101:.
1074:.
941:.
933:,
918:.
910:,
899:.
891:,
814:US
785:IP
763:id
739::
727:.
679:.
660:A
252::
210:AI
1482:.
1352:.
1326:.
1296:.
1264:.
1241:.
1218:.
1192:.
1166:.
1140:.
1112:.
1086:.
779:.
649:e
642:t
635:v
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
