42:
440:
archaeological evidence for the tale. The investigation did find that the story was originally written down by Lê Đình Sự. Lê Đình Sự was Tày and collected various Tày stories and recorded them in prose. This was supposedly what Lã Văn Lô translated into
Vietnamese but the investigation could not confirm whether or not this was true since the person who owned Lã Văn Lô's text had died. As such, some historians doubt the story's validity as a historical document. There is no extant copy of the original Tày version of the story. The title in Tày is
484:. According to this legend, when the citadel was being built, all the work done was mysteriously undone by a group of spirits led by thousand-year-old white chicken seeking to avenge the son of the previous king. In response to the king's plea, a giant golden turtle suddenly emerged from the water, and protected the King until the citadel's completion. The turtle gave the King one of his claws before leaving and instructed him to make a crossbow using it as a trigger, assuring him he would be invincible with it. A man called
264:
587:, was the first political center of the Vietnamese civilization pre-Sinitic era. The site consists of two outer sets of ramparts and a citadel on the inside, of rectangular shape. The moats consist of a series of streams, including the Hoang Giang River and a network of lakes that provided Cổ Loa with protection and navigation. Kim estimated the population of Cổ Loa possibly ranged from 5,000 to around 10,000 inhabitants.
520:. Taylor (1983) believed that when Nanyue and Âu Lạc co-existed, Âu Lạc temporarily acknowledged Nanyue to show their mutual anti-Han sentiment, and this did not imply that Nanyue exerted any real authority over Âu Lạc. Nanyue's influence over Âu Lạc waned after relationship with Han dynasty become normal. The army Zhao Tuo had created to oppose the Han was now available to deploy against the Âu Lạc.
1151:– published two pathbreaking studies, Primitive Communism and The History of Feudalism, from which they conspicuously omitted the .....proceeding instead directly from primitive communism to feudalism. Inspired by Lenin's assertions regarding the Slavic countries, historians at the university insisted that beginning with the Hùng kings and the kingdom of
778:(Volume 37): "《交州外域記》曰：交趾昔未有郡縣之時，土地有雒田，其田從潮水上下，民墾食其田，因名爲雒民，設雒王、雒侯，主諸郡縣。縣多爲雒將，雒將銅印青綬。後蜀王子將兵三萬來討雒王、雒侯，服諸雒將，蜀王子因稱爲安陽王。後南越王尉佗舉衆攻安陽王，安陽王有神人名臯通，下輔佐，爲安陽王治神弩一張，一發殺三百人，南越王知不可戰，卻軍住武寧縣。按《晉太康記》，縣屬交趾。越遣太子名始，降服安陽王，稱臣事之。安陽王不知通神人，遇之無道，通便去，語王曰：能持此弩王天下，不能持此弩者亡天下。通去，安陽王有女名曰媚珠，見始端正，珠與始交通，始問珠，令取父弩視之，始見弩，便盜以鋸截弩訖，便逃歸報南越王。南越進兵攻之，安陽王發弩，弩折遂敗。安陽王下船逕出於海，今平道縣後王宮城見有故處。"
377:, the writers expressed doubts about An Dương Vương's origin, claiming it was impossible for a Shu prince to cross thousands of miles, through forests, and many kingdoms to invade Văn Lang. However in the 1950s, historians Trần Văn Giáp and Đào Duy Anh argued that An Dương Vương's Shu origin was in fact true.
1769:
Nasreen; Candilio, Francesca; Changmai, Piya; Fernandes, Daniel; Ferry, Matthew; Gamarra, Beatriz; Harney, Eadaoin; Kampuansai, Jatupol; Kutanan, Wibhu; Michel, Megan; Novak, Mario; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Sirak, Kendra; Stewardson, Kristin; Zhang, Zhao; Flegontov, Pavel; Pinhasi, Ron; Reich, David (2018-05-17).
557:
into submission. However, the campaign inspired a legend whose theme is the transfer of the turtle claw-triggered crossbow from King An Duong to Zhao Tuo. According to the myth, ownership of the crossbow conferred political power: "He who is able to hold this crossbow rules the realm; he who is not
1768:
Lipson, Mark; Cheronet, Olivia; Mallick, Swapan; Rohland, Nadin; Oxenham, Marc; Pietrusewsky, Michael; Pryce, Thomas Oliver; Willis, Anna; Matsumura, Hirofumi; Buckley, Hallie; Domett, Kate; Hai, Nguyen Giang; Hiep, Trinh Hoang; Kyaw, Aung Aung; Win, Tin Tin; Pradier, Baptiste; Broomandkhoshbacht,
573:
Zhong Shi had Mỵ Châu showed him the crossbow, at which point he secretly changed its trigger, neutralizing its special powers and rendering it useless. He then asked to return to his father, who thereupon launched a new attack on Âu Lạc and this time defeated King An Dương. History records that,
370:
in southwest China to the Proto-Vietnamese. According to
Stephen O'Harrow, the exact origin of An Dương Vương might not have been Shu but somewhere else even further away. Due to the gap in time between the origin of the story and when it was recorded, the location could have been changed out of
432:) died, he was still a child; yet, his intelligence enabled him to retain the throne and all the lords surrendered. Nam Cương became more and more powerful while Văn Lang became weak. Subsequently, he invaded Văn Lang and founded the state of Âu Lạc in approximately 257 BCE, proclaiming himself
439:
The story of An Dương Vương's origin in Nam Cương is considered suspect by some historians. The story was published in 1963 as a translation of a Tày story by Lã Văn Lô. In 1969 the
Institute of Archaeology attempted to find the origin of this story in Cao Bằng but failed to identify any
365:
in 316 BCE, making An Dương Vương's position as either king or prince of Shu chronologically tenuous. However the connection between Proto-Vietnam and a region to their northwest may have some merit. There is solid archaeological evidence linking the culture of
569:
required the husband to live in the residence of his wife's family. As a result, they resided at An Duong's court until Zhong Shi discovered the secrets and strategies of King An Dương. Meanwhile, King An Duong mistreated Cao Lỗ, and he left.
582:
Vietnamese historians typically view the main events of the era as having roots in historical fact. However concordance of the history with Soviet doctrine of history was incomplete in the 1950s. The capital of King An Dương,
797:, p. 241):"He sent gifts and bribes to the chiefs of Min-yüeh, Western Ou, and Lo-lo, persuading them to submit to his authority, until the region under his control extended over ten thousand li from east to west."
1155:... during the reign of An Dương Vương, who ruled the kingdom of Âu Lạc, and through the early era of the Chinese occupation (from 2879 BC to 43 AD) Vietnamese society was based on primitive communism "
361:
state that he was a Shu prince (ms. "蜀王子", literal meaning: "son of the Shu king") or the king of Shu. Some historians doubt the authenticity of this origin. The kingdom of Shu was conquered by the
41:
373:
1672:
Kim, Nam C. (2020). "A Pathway to
Emergent Social Complexity and State Power: A View from Southeast Asia". In Bondarenko, Dmitri M.; Kowalewski, Stephen A.; Small, David B. (eds.).
415:, in which the King resided in the central one (present-day Cao Bằng Province). The other nine regions were under the control of nine lords. When King An Dương's father (
2061:
Tessitore, John (1989). "View from the East
Mountain: An Examination of the Relationship Between the Dong Son and Lake Tien Civilizations in the First Millennium BC".
895:
2132:
574:
with his defeat, the King was told by the turtle about his daughter's betrayal and killed his daughter for her treachery before going into the watery realm.
1570:(2014). "Constructing Local Narratives: Spirits, Dreams, and Prophecies in the Medieval Red River Delta". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.).
1484:
416:
462:
Historical accounts claim, after purportedly taking power, Kinh An Dương ordered to construct a fortified settlement in Tây Vu known to history as
1139:
Patricia M. Pelley -Postcolonial
Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past – Page 50 2002 "who relied more on the work of Lenin — most notably
2041:
1560:
Chinese
Colonization of Northern Vietnam: Administrative Geography and Political Development in the Tonking Delta, First To Sixth Centuries A.D
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to submit to King An Dương and serve him. There, he and King An Duong's daughter, Mỵ Châu, fell in love and were married. A vestige of the
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1397:
1548:
1380:
1357:
2250:
1741:
17:
1251:
867:
695:
1950:
1749:
Li, Tana (2011). "Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) in the Han Period
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2245:
694:
These works no longer remain today, but passages from them are preserved in a 6th century text, Li
Daoyuan's
448:), the rest of the words are simply Vietnamese words with different tones or a minor difference in spelling.
735:
wide, whirling and swirling like the shape of a snail. Therefore, it was called Old Snail City (Loa Thành)."
2235:
2083:
2177:
52:
2255:
1540:
1527:
70:
2240:
2089:
1838:
Loewe, Michael (1986). "The Former Han dynasty". In Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King (eds.).
1420:
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620:
610:
400:
371:
contemporary considerations, or simply mistaken due to an error in geographical knowledge. In the
1718:
1604:
1579:
1567:
480:
The events associated with the construction of this spiral-shaped citadel are remembered in the
2260:
2215:
1314:
Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, C.400 BCE-50 CE
728:
1712:
1572:
China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia
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311:– with his people, the Âu Việt. An Dương Vương fled and committed suicide after the war with
1790:
1782:
1346:
The Distribution of Bronze Drums in Early Southeast Asia: Trade Routes and Cultural Spheres
566:
541:
mentioned neither King An Duong nor Zhao Tuo's military conquest of Âu Lạc only that after
1299:. Contact Zones and Colonialism in Southeast Asia and China's South (~221 BCE - 1700 CE).
670:
8:
1864:
1677:
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1144:
421:
279:
229:
184:
1786:
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545:'s death (180 BCE), Zhao Tuo used his troops to menace and his wealth to bribe the
2070:
1933:
1924:
1821:
1770:
1699:
1641:
1336:
665:
655:
615:
562:
457:
399:"Nine Lords Vying for Kingship" was recorded. According to this account, at the end of
342:
2187:
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1987:
1973:
1954:
1891:
1868:
1826:
1808:
1754:
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1703:
1689:
1658:
1645:
1608:
1583:
1544:
1508:
1468:
1446:
1424:
1401:
1376:
1353:
1317:
1294:
645:
640:
119:
88:
1771:"Ancient genomes document multiple waves of migration in Southeast Asian prehistory"
1736:
Li, Tana (2011). "A Geopolitical Overview". In Li, Tana; Anderson, James A. (eds.).
2008:
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1887:
1816:
1800:
1681:
1633:
1504:
1460:
1438:
1300:
625:
554:
492:. It was then called "Saintly Crossbow of the Supernaturally Luminous Golden Claw"
308:
2118:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220
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The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220
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1685:
1391:
1372:
292:
1674:
The Evolution of Social Institutions. World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures
1304:
1856:
527:'s early setbacks and eventual victory against King An Dương were mentioned in
1637:
1148:
650:
630:
550:
403:, there was a kingdom called Nam Cương (lit. "southern border") in modern-day
296:
243:
198:
124:
2209:
1812:
561:
Unsuccessful on the battlefield, Zhao Tuo asked for a truce and sent his son
445:
334:
1920:"From Co-loa to the Trung Sisters' Revolt: VIET-NAM AS THE CHINESE FOUND IT"
1804:
871:
660:
542:
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as his seat of power. It looked like a snail shell design (its name, Cổ Loa
386:
333:
According to traditional Vietnamese histories, An Dương Vương came from the
288:
167:
2195:
1830:
1781:(6397). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 92–95.
1349:
635:
1482:
Ferlus, Michael (2009). "A Layer of Dongsonian Vocabulary in Vietnamese".
1296:
Data from Multiple Disciplines Connecting Vietic with the Dong Son Culture
300:
362:
2168:
2074:
1937:
1919:
1152:
304:
74:
1240:
863:
584:
485:
463:
470:
467:
429:
426:
253:
250:
211:
208:
205:
163:
160:
144:
141:
1443:Đất nước Việt Nam qua các đời: nghiên cứu địa lý học lịch sử Việt Nam
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509:
263:
1795:
524:
513:
489:
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1218:
732:
481:
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338:
1268:
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517:
412:
367:
312:
92:
287:, was the founding king and the only ruler of the kingdom of
1884:
The Glory of Yue: An Annotated Translation of the Yuejue shu
1767:
1010:
725:(Peripheral Records/Volume 1:6a): "王於是築城于越裳，廣千丈，盤旋如螺形，故號螺城。"
46:
King An Dương Vương statue at Cổ Loa Temple, Đông Anh, Hanoi
1584:"Tai Words and the Place of the Tai in the Vietnamese Past"
918:
916:
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1842:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 110–128.
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2099:
Prehistoric Maritime Cultures and Seafaring in East Asia
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Details of the campaign are not authentically recorded.
1111:
1109:
1107:
1094:
1092:
1067:
1065:
1063:
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1000:
998:
996:
994:
979:
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1077:
928:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
1601:
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1170:
347:
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1414:
1244:
1121:
1104:
1089:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1022:
991:
967:
955:
901:
844:
823:
1485:Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society
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1557:
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894:Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục (
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477:, the citadel is shaped like a snail).
345:in 316 BCE. Many chronicles including
14:
2208:
2081:
2039:
2020:
2007:
1904:
1578:
1566:
1534:
1521:
1481:
1176:
1127:
1115:
1098:
1071:
1052:
1028:
1004:
973:
961:
937:
907:
850:
838:
794:
374:Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục
1967:
1837:
1496:
1292:
1040:
590:
533:Records of the Taikang Era of the Jin
307:and united its people – known as the
278:
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1972:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
1343:
763:(Peripheral Records/Volume 1:6b-7b)"
749:(Peripheral Records/Volume 1:6b-7b)"
1671:
1652:
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291:, an ancient state centered in the
24:
2115:
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1748:
1735:
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758:
744:
727:"The King then built a citadel at
720:
503:
473:, means "old snail": according to
25:
2272:
2126:
1751:The Tongking Gulf Through History
1738:The Tongking Gulf Through History
1259:
856:
811:(Peripheral Records/Volume 1:10a)
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1197:
1133:
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800:
781:
773:
766:
752:
738:
714:
696:Commentary on the Water Classic
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508:In 204 BCE, in Panyu (now
500:; one shot could kill 300 men.
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341:), which was conquered by
114:about 179 BC (aged c. 121)
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2184:
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155:
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106:Unknown (possibly 300 BC)
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1968:Paine, Lincoln (2013).
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1367:Chapuis, Oscar (1995).
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567:matrilocal organization
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2133:An Duong Vuong Dynasty
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230:Vietnamese alphabet
185:Vietnamese alphabet
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269:
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2185:Succeeded by
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1664:978-0-199-98089-5
1614:978-0-190-05379-6
1514:978-90-04-15601-2
1474:978-604-556-114-0
1452:978-604-94-8700-2
1430:978-0-231-13862-8
1407:978-0-791-43735-3
1323:978-110-70847-8-0
621:Hồng Bàng dynasty
401:Hồng Bàng dynasty
283:), personal name
261:
260:
219:
218:
174:
173:
151:
150:
85:Dynasty collapsed
16:(Redirected from
2268:
2241:Vietnamese kings
2191:
2182:257 BC – 179 BC
2164:
2160:Preceded by
2155:
2138:
2137:
2121:
2112:
2093:
2078:
2057:
2036:
2017:
2004:
1995:
1983:
1964:
1941:
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1901:
1888:Brill Publishers
1878:
1852:
1843:
1834:
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1764:
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1744:. pp. 1–25.
1740:. Pennsylvania:
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950:Đào Duy Anh 2016
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941:
940:, p. 67-68.
935:
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611:Đông Sơn culture
425:
398:
352:Đại Việt sử lược
303:of the state of
282:
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2231:Ancient Vietnam
2206:
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2190:
2181:
2163:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2142:An Dương Vương
2129:
2124:
2109:
2054:
2033:
1980:
1961:
1898:
1875:
1761:
1729:
1696:
1665:
1615:
1580:Kelley, Liam C.
1568:Kelley, Liam C.
1551:
1515:
1475:
1453:
1431:
1408:
1383:
1373:Greenwood Press
1360:
1324:
1288:
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1271:
1266:
1247:
1221:
1216:
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1195:
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1163:
1159:
1141:Trần Quốc Vượng
1138:
1134:
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1105:
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1090:
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731:, one-thousand-
726:
719:
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606:
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593:
580:
506:
504:War with Nanyue
460:
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419:
383:
331:
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321:
293:Red River Delta
275:
87:
47:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
5:
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2258:
2253:
2248:
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2202:
2201:
2186:
2183:
2178:King of Âu Lạc
2174:
2162:Hùng Duệ Vương
2161:
2157:
2156:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2127:External links
2125:
2123:
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2113:
2107:
2094:
2079:
2058:
2052:
2037:
2031:
2018:
2005:
1996:
1984:
1978:
1965:
1959:
1942:
1932:(2): 140–164.
1915:
1902:
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1796:10.1101/278374
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1157:
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1103:
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1076:
1057:
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1033:
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1009:
990:
986:Tessitore 1989
978:
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33:An Dương Vương
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2019:
2016:(1): 139–164.
2015:
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1550:0-521-56505-7
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1359:9781407303963
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1142:
1136:
1130:, p. 16.
1129:
1124:
1118:, p. 15.
1117:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1101:, p. 89.
1100:
1095:
1093:
1085:
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1074:, p. 25.
1073:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1055:, p. 24.
1054:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1031:, p. 88.
1030:
1025:
1019:, p. 74.
1018:
1013:
1007:, p. 21.
1006:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
988:, p. 36.
987:
982:
976:, p. 14.
975:
970:
964:, p. 68.
963:
958:
952:, p. 29.
951:
946:
939:
934:
932:
925:, p. 30.
924:
919:
917:
910:, p. 67.
909:
904:
897:
891:
884:
883:O'Harrow 1979
879:
873:
869:
865:
862:As quoted in
859:
853:, p. 66.
852:
847:
841:, p. 19.
840:
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641:Triệu dynasty
639:
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494:(靈光金爪神弩; SV:
491:
487:
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459:
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446:Tai languages
443:
437:
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434:King An Dương
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19:
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2166:
2165:
2151:
2146:Thục Dynasty
2145:
2117:
2098:
2084:
2069:(1): 31–44.
2066:
2062:
2042:
2022:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1969:
1946:
1929:
1923:
1910:
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1368:
1350:Archaeopress
1345:
1332:
1313:
1295:
1274:
1250:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1198:Bibliography
1184:
1172:
1160:
1135:
1123:
1084:Leeming 2001
1079:
1048:
1036:
1024:
1012:
981:
969:
957:
945:
903:
890:
878:
858:
846:
807:
802:
795:Watson (1961
788:
783:
774:
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754:
745:
740:
721:
716:
690:
671:Tây Vu Vương
599:
581:
572:
560:
536:
532:
531:(交州外域記) and
528:
522:
507:
497:
493:
479:
461:
441:
438:
433:
384:
372:
356:
350:
346:
332:
284:
271:
270:
84:
18:Thục dynasty
2194:as King of
2167:as King of
1913:(1): 23–54.
1461:Đào Duy Anh
1439:Đào Duy Anh
1211:Ngô Sĩ Liên
1177:Higham 1996
1149:Phan Huy Lê
1128:Taylor 2013
1116:Taylor 2013
1099:Kelley 2014
1072:Taylor 1983
1053:Taylor 1983
1029:Kelley 2014
1005:Taylor 1983
974:Taylor 2013
962:Kelley 2013
938:Kelley 2013
908:Kelley 2013
851:Kelley 2013
839:Taylor 1983
729:Việt Thường
651:Phiên Ngung
420: [
337:(in modern
329:Shu kingdom
276:Vietnamese:
140:Thục Phán (
67:Predecessor
2210:Categories
1348:. Oxford:
1241:Li Daoyuan
1145:Hà Văn Tấn
1041:Loewe 1986
864:Li Daoyuan
656:Trọng Thuỷ
553:, and the
551:Western Ou
543:Empress Lü
456:See also:
387:Tày people
224:Birth name
170:'s legend)
168:Tày people
62:257–179 BC
1813:0036-8075
1704:226486108
1646:162065918
1625:Antiquity
1492:: 95–108.
1463:(2020) .
1441:(2016) .
1261:Sima Qian
704:Citations
676:Bách Việt
563:Zhong Shi
510:Guangzhou
381:Nam Cương
319:Biography
301:Hùng king
285:Thục Phán
236:Thục Phán
159:Thục Chế
81:Successor
2196:Nam Việt
2188:Triệu Đà
2169:Văn Lang
2075:42928187
1990:(1967).
1938:42928006
1831:29773666
1582:(2013).
1189:Kim 2015
1153:Văn Lang
896:欽定越史通鑑綱目
646:Triệu Đà
636:Nam Việt
626:Lạc Việt
604:See also
535:(晉太康記).
525:Zhao Tuo
514:Zhao Tuo
490:crossbow
417:Thục Chế
405:Cao Bằng
391:Cao Bằng
309:Lạc Việt
305:Văn Lang
89:Triệu Đà
75:Văn Lang
1822:6476732
1791:bioRxiv
1783:Bibcode
1775:Science
872:Vol. 37
631:Âu Việt
409:Guangxi
393:titled
339:Sichuan
297:Âu Việt
244:Chữ Hán
199:Chữ Hán
125:Mỵ Châu
2154:179 BC
2150:
2105:
2073:
2050:
2029:
1976:
1957:
1936:
1894:
1871:
1829:
1819:
1811:
1793:
1757:
1725:
1702:
1692:
1661:
1644:
1611:
1547:
1511:
1471:
1449:
1427:
1404:
1379:
1356:
1320:
1286:Modern
1220:大越史記全書
1147:, and
818:Modern
808:ĐVSKTT
760:ĐVSKTT
746:ĐVSKTT
722:ĐVSKTT
661:Âu Lạc
585:Cổ Loa
578:Legacy
549:, the
547:Minyue
518:Nanyue
486:Cao Lỗ
464:Cổ Loa
413:mườngs
368:Yunnan
355:, and
349:, the
313:Nanyue
289:Âu Lạc
156:Father
93:Nanyue
2152:Died:
2071:JSTOR
1934:JSTOR
1700:S2CID
1642:S2CID
1505:BRILL
1273:[
1249:[
1223:[
1203:Early
789:Shiji
733:zhàng
709:Early
683:Notes
424:]
135:Names
120:Issue
59:Reign
2103:ISBN
2048:ISBN
2027:ISBN
1974:ISBN
1955:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1827:PMID
1809:ISSN
1755:ISBN
1723:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1609:ISBN
1545:ISBN
1509:ISBN
1469:ISBN
1447:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1377:ISBN
1354:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1265:南越列傳
407:and
166:(in
111:Died
103:Born
1817:PMC
1801:doi
1779:361
1682:doi
1634:doi
1592:101
1301:doi
1263:,
1246:水经注
1213:,
866:'s
775:SJZ
555:Luo
512:),
389:in
363:Qin
91:of
73:of
35:安陽王
2212::
2088:.
2067:28
2065:.
2014:23
2012:.
1953:.
1949:.
1930:22
1928:.
1922:.
1911:23
1909:.
1890:.
1867:.
1863:.
1825:.
1815:.
1807:.
1799:.
1789:.
1777:.
1773:.
1721:.
1717:.
1698:.
1688:.
1676:.
1640:.
1630:84
1628:.
1607:.
1603:.
1590:.
1586:.
1543:.
1539:.
1526:.
1507:.
1503:.
1488:.
1423:.
1400:.
1396:.
1375:.
1371:.
1352:.
1335:.
1270:史記
1243:,
1230:,
1215:蜀紀
1143:,
1106:^
1091:^
1060:^
993:^
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