Tetrodotoxin - Knowledge

96: 417: 300: 4602: 4560: 1807: 10318: 1437: 27: 1472:) were also recognized as both toxic yet, at the right dose, useful as part of a tonic. Increased toxicity in Ho-Tun was noted in fish caught at sea (rather than river) after the month of March. It was recognized that the most poisonous parts were the liver and eggs, but that toxicity could be reduced by soaking the eggs. (Tetrodotoxin is slightly water-soluble, and soluble at 1 mg/ml in slightly acidic solutions.) 87: 1270:, and as of 2011 it is believed that there are separate routes for aquatic (bacterial) and terrestrial (newt) TTX. In 2020, new intermediates found in newts suggest that the synthesis starts with geranyl guanidine in the amphibian; these intermediates were not found in aquatic TTX-containing animals, supporting the separate-route theory. In 2021, the first genome of a TTX-producing bacterium was produced. This " 1479:, in his "A History of Japan" (translated and published in English in 1727), described how well known the toxic effects of the fish were, to the extent that it would be used for suicide and that the Emperor specifically decreed that soldiers were not permitted to eat it. There is also evidence from other sources that knowledge of such toxicity was widespread throughout southeast Asia and India. 555: 1206:

colonization and production. Nevertheless, without clear biosynthetic pathways (not yet found in animals, but shown for bacteria), it remains uncertain whether it is simply via bacteria that each animal accumulates TTX; the question remains as to whether the quantities can be sufficiently explained by ingestion, ingestion plus colonization, or some other mechanism.

4616: 1171:

TTX in phylogenetically distinct organisms... strongly suggests that symbiotic bacteria play a role in TTX biosynthesis" – although the correlation has been extended to most but not all animals in which the toxin has been identified. To the contrary, there has been a failure in a single case, that of newts (

2144:

For a more comprehensive list of TTX-producing bacterial species associated with animals from which the toxin has been isolated or toxicity observed, and for a thorough discussion of the research literature regarding bacterial origins (and the remaining contrary perspectives, e.g., in newts), as well

1427:

The mechanism of toxicity is through the blockage of fast voltage-gated sodium channels, which are required for the normal transmission of signals between the body and brain. As a result, TTX causes loss of sensation, and paralysis of voluntary muscles including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles,

1766:

Tetrodotoxin may be quantified in serum, whole blood or urine to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to assist in the forensic investigation of a case of fatal overdosage. Most analytical techniques involve mass spectrometric detection following gas or liquid chromatographic

1205:

puffers fed on TTX-containing diets saw TTX in the livers of the fishes increase to toxic levels. Hence, as bacterial species that produce TTX are broadly present in aquatic sediments, a strong case is made for ingestion of TTX and/or TTX-producing bacteria, with accumulation and possible subsequent

1170:

The association of bacterial species with the production of the toxin is unequivocal – Lago and coworkers state, "ndocellular symbiotic bacteria have been proposed as a possible source of eukaryotic TTX by means of an exogenous pathway", and Chau and coworkers note that the "widespread occurrence of

3288:

As Chau et al., op. cit., note, "Despite its long history and a thorough knowledge of its toxicity and pharmacology, neither the pathway to TTX nor even the biogenic origin of TTX is known. The debate into whether TTX is derived from bacteria or is endogenous to the host animals is on-going and the

1293:

1.4 (skeletal muscle VGSC, "TTX-s"), are found in many such animals. These mutations have independently arisen several times, even multiple times in different populations of the same species as seen in the garter snake. They consist of different amino acid substitutions in similar positions, a weak

902:

populations within the animal species from which it is isolated is relatively clear; presence of TTX-producing bacteria within an animal's microbiome is determined by culture methods, the presence of the toxin by chemical analysis, and the association of the bacteria with TTX production by toxicity

1489:

from 7 September 1774. On that date Cook recorded his crew eating some local tropic fish (pufferfish), then feeding the remains to the pigs kept on board. The crew experienced numbness and shortness of breath, while the pigs were all found dead the next morning. In hindsight, it is clear that the

1711:

poisons. Subsequent careful analysis has however repeatedly called early studies into question on technical grounds, and failed to identify the toxin in any preparation. Discussion of the matter has therefore all but disappeared from the primary literature since the early 1990s. Kao and Yasumoto

1699:

poisoning per year between 1996 and 2006 in the entire country, leading to 34–64 hospitalizations and 0–6 deaths per year, for an average fatality rate of 6.8%. Of the 23 incidents recorded within Tokyo between 1993 and 2006, only one took place in a restaurant, while the others all involved

1634:

Poisonings from tetrodotoxin have been almost exclusively associated with the consumption of pufferfish from waters of the Indo-Pacific Ocean regions, primarily because equally toxic pufferfishes from other regions are much less commonly eaten. Several reported cases of poisonings, including

1237:

The use of this toxin as a biochemical probe has elucidated two distinct types of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) present in mammals: tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels (TTX-s Na channels) and tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels (TTX-r Na channels).

217: 4631: 1663:

has been implicated in food poisonings, and evidence suggests it contains a tetrodotoxin derivative. There have been several reported poisonings from mislabelled pufferfish, and at least one report of a fatal episode in Oregon when an individual swallowed a rough-skinned newt

206: 1715:

Genetic background is not a factor in susceptibility to tetrodotoxin poisoning. This toxicosis may be avoided by not consuming animal species known to contain tetrodotoxin, principally pufferfish; other tetrodotoxic species are not usually consumed by humans.

1301:

Another path to TTX resistance is toxin-binding proteins that hold onto TTX tightly enough to prevent it reaching the vulnerable VGSCs. Various proteins that bind TTX have been found in pufferfish, crabs, and gastropods. There are also proteins that bind

2926:

Maculotoxin, a potent neurotoxin isolated from the posterior salivary glands of the blue-ringed octopus. Hapalochlaena maculosa, has now been identified as tetrodotoxin. This is the first reported case in which tetrodotoxin has been found to occur in a

903:

assay of media in which suspected bacteria are grown. As Lago et al. note, "there is good evidence that uptake of bacteria producing TTX is an important element of TTX toxicity in marine animals that present this toxin." TTX-producing bacteria include

1588:

may occur. The victim, although completely paralysed, may be conscious and in some cases completely understandable until shortly before death, which generally occurs within 4 to 6 hours (range ~20 minutes to ~8 hours). However, some victims enter a

1687:(grey side-gilled seaslug) on beaches. Children and pet owners were asked to avoid beaches, and recreational fishing was also interrupted for a time. After exhaustive analysis, it was found that the sea slugs must have ingested tetrodotoxin. 684:

and blocking the passage of sodium ions (responsible for the rising phase of an action potential) into the neuron. This prevents the nervous system from carrying messages and thus muscles from contracting in response to nervous stimulation.

1238:

Tetrodotoxin inhibits TTX-s Na channels at concentrations of around 1–10 nM, whereas micromolar concentrations of tetrodotoxin are required to inhibit TTX-r Na channels. Nerve cells containing TTX-r Na channels are located primarily in

1222:. Site 1 is located at the extracellular pore opening of the ion channel. Any molecule bound to this site will block sodium ions from going into the nerve cell through this channel (which is ultimately necessary for nerve conduction). 3015:

Spafford J, Spencer AN, Gallin WJ (27 March 1998). "A Putative Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel α Subunit (PpSCN1) from the Hydrozoan Jellyfish, Polyorchis penicillatus: Structural Comparisons and Evolutionary Considerations".

1245:

TTX and its analogs have historically been important agents for use as chemical tool compounds, for use in channel characterization and in fundamental studies of channel function. The prevalence of TTX-s Na channels in the

5050:

Tetrodotoxin blocks the sodium currents and is believed to have potential as a potent analgesic and as an effective agent in detoxoification from heroin addiction without withdrawal symptoms and without producing physical

1712:

concluded in the first of their papers in 1986 that "the widely circulated claim in the lay press to the effect that tetrodotoxin is the causal agent in the initial zombification process is without factual foundation."

2211: 5744:

Chang FC, Spriggs DL, Benton BJ, Keller SA, Capacio BR (1997). "4-Aminopyridine reverses saxitoxin (STX)- and tetrodotoxin (TTX)-induced cardiorespiratory depression in chronically instrumented guinea pigs".

1999:

Based on the presumption that tetrodotoxin is not always fatal, but at near-lethal doses can leave a person extremely unwell with the person remaining conscious, tetrodotoxin has been alleged to result in

4468:

Butterton J, Calderwell S (1998). "Acute infectious diarrhoea disease and bacterial food poisoning". In Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL (eds.).

3133:

Noguchi T, Hwang D, Arakawa O, Sugita H, Deguchi Y, Shida Y, Hashimoto K (1987). "Vibrio alginolyticus, a tetrodotoxin-producing bacterium, in the intestines of the fish Fugu vermicularis vermicularis".

2709:

Pires, O.R. Jr., A. Sebben, E.F. Schwartz, R.A.V. Morales, C. Bloch Jr., C.A. Schwartz (2005). "Further report of the occurrence of tetrodotoxin and new analogues in the Anuran family Brachycephalidae".

5063:

Song H, Li J, Lu CL, Kang L, Xie L, Zhang YY, Zhou XB, Zhong S (Aug 2011). "Tetrodotoxin alleviates acute heroin withdrawal syndrome: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study".

3831:

Kishi Y, Aratani M, Fukuyama T, Nakatsubo F, Goto T (Dec 1972). "Synthetic studies on tetrodotoxin and related compounds. 3. A stereospecific synthesis of an equivalent of acetylated tetrodamine".

1754:

method with post-column reaction with alkali and fluorescence has been developed to determine tetrodotoxin and its associated toxins. The alkali degradation products can be confirmed as their

1508:

Symptoms typically develop within 30 minutes of ingestion, but may be delayed by up to four hours; however, if the dose is fatal, symptoms are usually present within 17 minutes of ingestion.

1289:

Animals that accumulate TTX as a defense mechanism as well as their predators must evolve to be resistant to the effects of TTX. Mutations in the VGSC genes, especially the genes for Na

1462:), where they were classified as having "medium" toxicity, but could have a tonic effect when used at the correct dose. The principal use was "to arrest convulsive diseases". In the 1703:

Only a few cases have been reported in the United States, and outbreaks in countries outside the Indo-Pacific area are rare. In Haiti, tetrodotoxin was thought to have been used in

662:

Although it produces thousands of intoxications annually and several deaths, it has shown efficacy for the treatment of cancer-related pain in phase II and III clinical trials.

2652:"Confirmation and distribution of tetrodotoxin for the first time in terrestrial invertebrates: two terrestrial flatworm species (Bipalium adventitium and Bipalium kewense)" 2250: 10969: 2892:

Sheumack DD, Howden ME, Spence I, Quinn RJ (Jan 1978). "Maculotoxin: a neurotoxin from the venom glands of the octopus Hapalochlaena maculosa identified as tetrodotoxin".

11050: 1599:

Therapy is supportive and based on symptoms, with aggressive early airway management. If consumed, treatment can consist of emptying the stomach, feeding the victim

8953: 8904: 5178: 1872:, and scientists must register with HHS to use tetrodotoxin in their research. However, investigators possessing less than 500 mg are exempt from regulation. 1775:

Tetrodotoxin has been investigated as a possible treatment for cancer-associated pain. Early clinical trials demonstrate significant pain relief in some patients.

999: 7669: 7514: 5855: 3866:

Kishi Y, Fukuyama T, Aratani M, Nakatsubo F, Goto T (Dec 1972). "Synthetic studies on tetrodotoxin and related compounds. IV. Stereospecific total syntheses of

5657:

Cole JB, Heegaard WG, Deeds JR, McGrath SC, Handy SM (2015). "Tetrodotoxin poisoning outbreak from imported dried puffer fish – Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2014".

5333: 5301: 5268: 5238: 8963: 6465: 10807: 4163: 6336: 5636:

Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (1996). "Tetrodotoxin poisoning associated with eating puffer fish transported from Japan – California, 1996".

4686: 8786: 8781: 8771: 3094:

Hwang DF, Arakawa O, Saito T, Noguchi T, Simidu U, Tsukamoto K, Shida Y, Hashimoto K (1988). "Tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria from the blue-ringed octopus

8721: 8010: 1649:, but three studies found extracts from fish of this species highly toxic in mice. Several recent intoxications from these fishes in Florida were due to 6394: 6389: 3254:

Lehman EM, Brodie ED, Brodie ED (1 September 2004). "No evidence for an endosymbiotic bacterial origin of tetrodotoxin in the newt Taricha granulosa".

568: 440:

InChI=1S/C11H17N3O8/c12-8-13-6(17)2-4-9(19,1-15)5-3(16)10(2,14-8)7(18)11(20,21-4)22-5/h2-7,15-20H,1H2,(H3,12,13,14)/t2-,3-,4-,5+,6-,7+,9+,10-,11+/m1/s1

48: 6460: 450:

InChI=1/C11H17N3O8/c12-8-13-6(17)2-4-9(19,1-15)5-3(16)10(2,14-8)7(18)11(20,21-4)22-5/h2-7,15-20H,1H2,(H3,12,13,14)/t2-,3-,4-,5+,6-,7+,9+,10-,11+/m1/s1

1490:

crew survived a mild dose of tetrodotoxin, while the pigs ate the pufferfish body parts that contain most of the toxin, thus being fatally poisoned.

1424:. Toxicity varies between species and at different seasons and geographic localities, and the flesh of many pufferfish may not be dangerously toxic. 6346: 6056: 5996: 5901: 4393: 1960:(2012), its paralysis is presented as a method of assisting torture. The toxin was also referenced in "synthetic form" in the S1E2 of the series " 2747:"Chemical Defense of the Eastern Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens): Variation in Efficiency against Different Consumers and in Different Habitats" 719:

species of most likely ultimate biosynthetic origin (see below), tetrodotoxin has been isolated from widely differing animal species, including:

12519: 8855: 7476: 6221: 6166: 6161: 6126: 3654:

Maruta S, Yamaoka K, Yotsu-Yamashita M (March 2008). "Two critical residues in p-loop regions of puffer fish Na+ channels on TTX sensitivity".

1817: 1281:

using its rRNA sequence. The researcher responsible for this study has not yet identified a coherent pathway but hopes to do so in the future.

622:; several of these species carry the toxin. Although tetrodotoxin was discovered in these fish, it is found in several other animals (e.g., in 3747: 1738:

to reduce the danger of poisoning. There is potential for misidentification and mislabelling, particularly of prepared, frozen fish products.

8337: 8100: 8030: 6959: 6816: 6691: 6435: 6283: 6246: 6146: 6141: 6041: 6026: 6021: 5986: 4712: 2603: 7656: 7079: 7054: 6969: 6616: 6606: 6196: 6186: 6156: 6151: 6116: 6071: 6016: 6006: 6001: 1869: 466: 1390:. TTX is even more dangerous if administered intravenously; the amount needed to reach a lethal dose by injection is 8 μg per kg in mice. 8539: 7661: 7641: 7626: 7596: 7014: 6924: 6356: 6261: 6251: 6231: 6211: 6191: 3694:

van Thiel J, Khan MA, Wouters RM, Harris RJ, Casewell NR, Fry BG, Kini RM, Mackessy SP, Vonk FJ, Wüster W, Richardson MK (October 2022).

3051:

Brodie ED, Brodie ED Jr (May 1990). "Tetrodotoxin Resistance in Garter Snakes: An Evolutionary Response of Predators to Dangerous Prey".

5208: 3219:

Carroll S, McEvoy E, Gibson R (2003). "The production of tetrodotoxin-like substances by nemertean worms in conjunction with bacteria".

1700:

fishermen eating their catch. From 2006 through 2009 in Japan there were 119 incidents involving 183 people but only seven people died.

8575: 8332: 8327: 8312: 7616: 6530: 6313: 1493:

The toxin was first isolated and named in 1909 by Japanese scientist Dr. Yoshizumi Tahara. It was one of the agents studied by Japan's

10354: 9910: 7064: 7044: 6440: 6420: 5782:

Ahasan HA, Mamun AA, Karim SR, Bakar MA, Gazi EA, Bala CS (2004). "Paralytic complications of puffer fish (tetrodotoxin) poisoning".

4531:

Rivera VR, Poli MA, Bignami GS (Sep 1995). "Prophylaxis and treatment with a monoclonal antibody of tetrodotoxin poisoning in mice".

3804: 688:

Its mechanism of action – selective blocking of the sodium channel – was shown definitively in 1964 by

4808: 8357: 7679: 7328: 6425: 1603:

to bind the toxin, and taking standard life-support measures to keep the victim alive until the effect of the poison has worn off.

37: 2615:

Hwang DF, Tai KP, Chueh CH, Lin LC, Jeng SS (1991). "Tetrodotoxin and derivatives in several species of the gastropod Naticidae".

1346:. Since then, methods have rapidly advanced, with several new strategies for the synthesis of tetrodotoxin having been developed. 12509: 8595: 6548: 5715:

Rivera VR, Poli MA, Bignami GS (1995). "Prophylaxis and treatment with a monoclonal antibody of tetrodotoxin poisoning in mice".

4711:[Fish: fugu poison risk profile of natural poison] (in Japanese). 厚生労働省 (Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare (Japan)). 1983: 860:

Tarichatoxin was shown to be identical to TTX in 1964 by Mosher et al., and the identity of maculotoxin and TTX was reported in

8993: 6445: 6371: 5849: 3334:

Shen H, Li Z, Jiang Y, Pan X, Wu J, Cristofori-Armstrong B, Smith JJ, Chin Y, Lei J, Zhou Q, King GF, Yan N (19 October 2018).

1751: 3375: 1338:

total synthesis of tetrodotoxin in 2003. The two 2003 syntheses used very different strategies, with Isobe's route based on a

8890: 7380: 4877: 4852: 318: 4656: 1996:

light novel, as well as the respective manga and anime adaptations, fugu toxin is encountered across multiple mystery arcs.

1199:

puffers captured and raised in laboratory on controlled, TTX-free diets "lose toxicity over time", while cultured, TTX-free

7820: 7798: 5894: 11566: 9120: 7693: 4094:-glucose by three routes: aspects for constructing complex multi-functionalized cyclitols with branched-chain structures" 1900: 4893:

Hagen NA, Lapointe B, Ong-Lam M, Dubuc B, Walde D, Gagnon B, Love R, Goel R, Hawley P, Ngoc AH, du Souich P (Jun 2011).

4691:[Danger in fugu amateur cuisine] (in Japanese). Tokyo Bureau of Social Welfare and Public Health. Archived from 4252: 563: 12494: 11182: 8622: 5927: 5599:

Padera RF, Tse JY, Bellas E, Kohane DS (2006). "Tetrodotoxin for prolonged local anesthesia with minimal myotoxicity".

5393: 5368: 5358: 5186: 5107: 2999: 2968: 2041: 2032: 1888: 1468:(Index Herbacea or The Great Herbal by Li Shih-Chen, 1596) some types of the fish Ho-Tun (the current Chinese name for 5874: 1449: 11197: 11187: 9249: 9241: 5678:

Liu SH, Tseng CY, Lin CC (2015). "Is neostigmine effective in severe pufferfish-associated tetrodotoxin poisoning?".

5043: 4445: 4305: 4186: 2825: 1851: 431: 66: 5323: 5291: 5260: 5230: 2419:"Efficacy and Security of Tetrodotoxin in the Treatment of Cancer-Related Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 12484: 11025: 10468: 9245: 9133: 8985: 6892: 4377: 2016:

in which there were multiple accounts of purported tetrodotoxin poisoning in Haiti by a voodoo sorcerer called the

1618:

has been developed and approved for human use, but a primary research report (preliminary result) indicates that a

41: 1786:

headaches, although it is unclear as to whether this has any therapeutic relevance for most people with migraine.

575: 12433: 10656: 9348: 9219: 7583: 7403: 5887: 4842: 4944:"Tetrodotoxin for moderate to severe cancer pain: a randomized, double blind, parallel design multicenter study" 47:

Help add sources such as review articles, monographs, or textbooks. Please also establish the relevance for any

12499: 11914: 11723: 11477: 10038: 9995: 4486: 2849:

Mosher HS, Fuhrman FA, Buchwald HD, Fischer HG (May 1964). "Tarichatoxin – tetrodotoxin: a potent neurotoxin".

1193:

methods, although technical concerns about the approach have been raised. Critically for the general argument,

11909: 11157: 10347: 9500: 9144: 9139: 8150: 7880: 4573:

Bradley SG, Klika LJ (Jul 1981). "A fatal poisoning from the Oregon rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa)".

4282: 3564:"Structures of N-Hydroxy-Type Tetrodotoxin Analogues and Bicyclic Guanidinium Compounds Found in Toxic Newts" 1747: 1654: 1266:

The biosynthetic route to TTX is only partially understood. It is long known that the molecule is related to

674: 643: 10332: 5461:"Tetrodotoxin, an Extremely Potent Marine Neurotoxin: Distribution, Toxicity, Origin and Therapeutical Uses" 2311:"Tetrodotoxin, an Extremely Potent Marine Neurotoxin: Distribution, Toxicity, Origin and Therapeutical Uses" 12469: 11509: 11055: 8949: 5863: 3959:

Nishikawa T, Urabe D, Isobe M (Sep 2004). "An efficient total synthesis of optically active tetrodotoxin".

1463: 1219: 1051: 374: 295: 3802:

Furusaki A, Tomiie Y, Nitta I (1970). "The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Tetrodotoxin Hydrobromide".

3449:

Kao CY (Jun 1966). "Tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin and their significance in the study of excitation phenomena".

1505:

The diagnosis of pufferfish poisoning is based on the observed symptomatology and recent dietary history.

12464: 12459: 11291: 11235: 11229: 11151: 11126: 11020: 10583: 8929: 2028: 395: 257: 11899: 5556:

Nagashima Y, Matsumoto T, Kadoyama K, Ishizaki S, Taniyama S, Takatani T, Arakawa O, Terayama M (2012).

5209:"Covert Affairs: Starlings of the Slipstream (season 5, episode 12, original air date 13 November 2014)" 1596:

If the patient survives 24 hours, recovery without any aftereffects will usually occur over a few days.

12420: 12130: 11598: 11177: 10924: 9259: 4326: 2362:"A Global Retrospective Study on Human Cases of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) Poisoning after Seafood Consumption" 1360: 12529: 12388: 11796: 11593: 8915: 8489: 7812: 7710: 7394: 6906: 2361: 1926: 1730:

is a traditional delicacy. It is prepared and sold in special restaurants where trained and licensed

1190: 868:

and in modern toxicology textbooks) though historic monographs questioning this continue in reprint.

4601: 4559: 2650:

Stokes AN, Ducey PK, Neuman-Lee L, Hanifin CT, French SS, Pfrender ME, Brodie ED, Brodie ED (2014).

412: 12105: 12090: 11698: 11608: 11442: 11255: 11080: 10340: 9549: 8817: 8735: 8636: 8553: 8422: 7845: 7742: 7574: 7343: 5843: 4382:. Historia imperii Japonici. Vol. 1. London, England: J.C. Scheuchzer (ed.). pp. 134–135. 3778: 1833: 1683: 1604: 1339: 1089: 4706: 4692: 4350: 4203: 12524: 11653: 11648: 11223: 9333: 9321: 9125: 9114: 8763: 8699: 8035: 5941: 2939: 1966: 1882: 1695:

Statistics from the Tokyo Bureau of Social Welfare and Public Health indicate 20–44 incidents of

1343: 876: 3519:

Chau R, Kalaitzis JA, Neilan BA (July 2011). "On the origins and biosynthesis of tetrodotoxin".

1750:(PSP) can be used to monitor tetrodotoxin in pufferfish and is the current method of choice. An 12479: 11678: 11432: 11260: 10611: 10601: 10448: 9367: 9305: 9063: 8567: 8503: 7894: 6860: 6851: 6415: 6402: 6384: 6326: 5950: 4661: 3924:

Ohyabu N, Nishikawa T, Isobe M (Jul 2003). "First asymmetric total synthesis of tetrodotoxin".

3906: 1992: 1247: 946:

terms "sp.", "spp.", "cf." are used; the non-italcized designation after a species name is the

666: 9381: 4478: 4435: 2049:

preparations to produce zombieism and poisoning deaths in his dark, disturbing, violent novel

12050: 11577: 11378: 11286: 10156: 9791: 9152: 8531: 8432: 5869: 4276: 3995: 1645: 1459: 1386:

for mice is 8,500 μg per kg, demonstrating that even orally, TTX is more poisonous than

1319: 1108: 277: 108: 5139: 4942:

Hagen NA, du Souich P, Lapointe B, Ong-Lam M, Dubuc B, Walde D, Love R, Ngoc AH (Apr 2008).

12514: 12489: 12377: 12205: 12125: 11786: 11713: 11668: 11633: 11613: 11162: 10661: 10531: 10525: 10463: 10372: 9395: 9343: 8978: 8125: 6656: 6591: 6571: 4983:

Nieto FR, Cobos EJ, Tejada MÁ, Sánchez-Fernández C, González-Cano R, Cendán CM (Feb 2012).

3528: 3228: 3143: 2901: 2858: 2758: 2663: 2226: 2056: 2055:. But this theory has been questioned by the scientific community since the 1990s based on 1335: 1295: 1097: 383: 95: 5388:(1st Harper Perennial Modern Classics ed.). New York: Harper Perennial. p. 336. 5108:"HHS and USDA Select Agents and Toxins 7 CFR Part 331, 9 CFR Part 121, and 42 CFR Part 73" 182: 8: 12504: 12410: 12070: 11838: 11766: 11761: 11693: 11618: 11301: 11250: 11121: 11111: 10881: 10692: 10519: 10493: 10483: 10453: 10321: 8776: 6914: 6318: 4820: 4327:"CDC – The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Biotoxin: Tetrodotoxin – NIOSH" 1950: 1782:

headaches. Mutations in one particular TTX-sensitive Na channel are associated with some

1619: 1565: 1561: 1421: 1417: 888: 864:

in 1978, and the synonymity of these two toxins is supported in modern reports (e.g., at

725: 623: 172: 5839: 4506: 3532: 3232: 3147: 2905: 2862: 2762: 2667: 2453: 2418: 2230: 416: 299: 12438: 12296: 12251: 12210: 12110: 11588: 11555: 11482: 11296: 11090: 10458: 10259: 9429: 9387: 9264: 9095: 7186: 7181: 7084: 6791: 6561: 5770: 5703: 5624: 5489: 5460: 5442: 5415: 5328: 5296: 5164: 5089: 5011: 4984: 4919: 4894: 4387: 4123: 4061: 4034: 3770: 3743: 3720: 3695: 3631: 3604: 3501: 3419: 3394: 3336:"Structural basis for the modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels by animal toxins" 3201: 3159: 3115: 3068: 2781: 2746: 2686: 2651: 2580: 2555: 2531: 2504: 2399: 2337: 2310: 2068: 2051: 2013: 1987: 1920: 1640: 1611:

agents "have been proposed as a treatment option but have not been tested adequately".

1608: 1600: 1585: 1476: 1364: 1315: 1201: 899: 724:

all octopuses and cuttlefish in small amounts, but specifically several species of the

237: 148:)-2-azaniumylidene-4,6,8,12-tetrahydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1 4960: 4943: 3240: 2817: 1825: 1643:. There have been no confirmed cases of tetrodotoxicity from the Atlantic pufferfish, 1242:

tissue, while nerve cells containing TTX-s Na channels dominate the rest of the body.

12474: 12256: 12115: 12035: 11683: 11643: 11603: 11457: 11276: 11271: 11217: 11212: 11192: 11146: 10406: 10304:

note: some toxins are produced by lower species and pass through intermediate species

10264: 10208: 9495: 8835: 8446: 8120: 7764: 7636: 6883: 6776: 5910: 5820: 5791: 5762: 5732: 5728: 5695: 5666: 5645: 5616: 5587: 5544: 5523: 5494: 5447: 5389: 5364: 5081: 5077: 5039: 5016: 4965: 4924: 4873: 4848: 4786: 4782: 4748: 4744: 4590: 4586: 4548: 4544: 4482: 4471: 4441: 4416: 4301: 4264: 4215: 4182: 4115: 4066: 4015: 3976: 3941: 3887: 3848: 3725: 3671: 3636: 3585: 3544: 3493: 3458: 3424: 3357: 3316: 3271: 3178: 3076: 3033: 2995: 2964: 2917: 2874: 2831: 2821: 2786: 2727: 2691: 2632: 2628: 2585: 2536: 2458: 2440: 2403: 2391: 2342: 2242: 1956: 1944: 1932: 1894: 1829: 1790: 1666: 1626:

that was effective, in the one study, for reducing toxin lethality in tests on mice.

1541: 1405: 1383: 1195: 1173: 971: 943: 693: 599: 363: 5774: 5707: 5628: 5093: 4895:"A multicentre open-label safety and efficacy study of tetrodotoxin for cancer pain" 4872:(8th ed.). Foster City, California: Biomedical Publications. pp. 1521–22. 4127: 3774: 3163: 3119: 1482:

The first recorded cases of TTX poisoning affecting Westerners are from the logs of

939:

species; in the following animals, specific bacterial species have been implicated:

12393: 12220: 12100: 11663: 11638: 11628: 11306: 11172: 11116: 10871: 10853: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10744: 10733: 10593: 10433: 10412: 10401: 10367: 10203: 10021: 9627: 9543: 9485: 9291: 8613: 8110: 8025: 7825: 7544: 7333: 6671: 5812: 5754: 5724: 5687: 5608: 5577: 5515: 5484: 5474: 5437: 5427: 5073: 5006: 4996: 4955: 4914: 4906: 4778: 4740: 4582: 4540: 4105: 4056: 4046: 4007: 3968: 3933: 3879: 3840: 3813: 3762: 3715: 3707: 3663: 3626: 3616: 3575: 3536: 3505: 3485: 3414: 3406: 3347: 3308: 3263: 3236: 3193: 3151: 3107: 3060: 3025: 2909: 2866: 2813: 2776: 2766: 2719: 2708: 2681: 2671: 2624: 2575: 2567: 2526: 2516: 2448: 2430: 2381: 2373: 2332: 2322: 2234: 1986:". In Columbo, Episode 2 of Season 7, fugu is used to kill the antagonists victim. 1880:

Tetrodotoxin serves as a plot device for characters to fake death, as in the films

1724:

Poisoning from tetrodotoxin is of particular public health concern in Japan, where

947: 689: 670: 659:

as well as other species found in symbiotic relationships with animals and plants.

497: 10774: 10684: 5519: 3667: 3540: 3312: 3289:

only published study into the substrates of TTX biosynthesis proved inconclusive."

3267: 2870: 2723: 2377: 2238: 1789:

Tetrodotoxin has been used clinically to relieve negative affects associated with

1607:

are recommended in addition to intravenous fluids to increase the blood pressure;

12276: 12055: 11771: 11524: 11447: 11427: 11349: 10443: 10423: 10286: 10191: 9786: 9441: 9338: 9183: 9158: 9043: 8971: 8865: 8860: 8830: 8659: 8654: 8257: 8222: 8212: 8177: 7784: 7759: 7226: 6919: 6801: 5956: 5918: 5691: 3580: 3563: 2989: 2958: 2771: 2676: 2360:

Guardone L, Maneschi A, Meucci V, Gasperetti L, Nucera D, Armani A (2020-10-02).

2080: 2059:-based tests of multiple preparations and review of earlier reports (see above). 1961: 1909: 1905: 1674: 1513: 1483: 1327: 887:). Even though the toxin acts as a defense mechanism, some predators such as the 697: 603: 4141: 12195: 12135: 12060: 11999: 11733: 11673: 11422: 10863: 10634: 10559: 10473: 10228: 9776: 9716: 9539: 9531: 9278: 9232: 9001: 8840: 8796: 8387: 8287: 8197: 7871: 7727: 7670: 7515: 7471: 7426: 7171: 7161: 6781: 6701: 6298: 6201: 5875:

U.S. National Library of Medicine: Hazardous Substances Databank – Tetrodotoxin

4155: 4110: 4085: 1972: 1755: 1636: 1557: 829: 806: 607: 546: 6331: 5926: 5803:

How CK, Chern CH, Huang YC, Wang LM, Lee CH (2003). "Tetrodotoxin poisoning".

4477:(14th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division. pp. 2984:

Gage PW, Dulhunty AF (2012) . "Effects of Toxin from the Blue-Ringed Octopus (

1177:), to detect TTX-producing bacteria in the tissues with highest toxin levels ( 12453: 12399: 12346: 12341: 12271: 12215: 12080: 12065: 12019: 11844: 11807: 11776: 11623: 11472: 11355: 11281: 11207: 10578: 10503: 10428: 10362: 10218: 10161: 9915: 9878: 9826: 9771: 9756: 9632: 9592: 9535: 9329: 9178: 9101: 8850: 8743: 8689: 8674: 8460: 8397: 8130: 8075: 8070: 8060: 8015: 7835: 7769: 7621: 7431: 7416: 7261: 6954: 6836: 6676: 6556: 6535: 6510: 6430: 6051: 6046: 5582: 5557: 5114: 4219: 3605:"The First Data on the Complete Genome of a Tetrodotoxin-Producing Bacterium" 2556:"Tetrodotoxin blockage of sodium conductance increase in lobster giant axons" 2444: 2395: 2125: 2046: 2025: 2005: 1704: 1323: 743: 704: 681: 615: 611: 288: 5816: 5635: 3766: 3352: 3335: 12301: 12085: 12075: 12030: 12024: 11994: 11989: 11747: 11658: 11560: 11504: 11467: 11416: 11344: 11311: 11240: 11202: 11141: 11106: 11004: 10626: 10606: 10478: 10377: 10281: 10271: 10254: 10171: 10048: 9985: 9888: 9811: 9746: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9559: 9373: 9209: 9006: 8722: 8470: 8372: 8282: 8217: 8115: 8045: 7980: 7970: 7925: 7549: 7534: 7481: 7436: 7291: 7246: 7231: 7221: 7206: 7146: 6786: 6766: 6706: 6256: 6111: 5971: 5859: 5824: 5795: 5758: 5699: 5670: 5620: 5591: 5527: 5498: 5465: 5451: 5085: 5020: 4969: 4928: 4615:

McNabb P, Mackenzie L, Selwood A, Rhodes L, Taylor D, Cornelison C (2009).

4420: 4268: 4119: 4070: 4019: 3980: 3972: 3945: 3729: 3675: 3640: 3621: 3589: 3548: 3428: 3361: 3320: 3275: 3080: 3029: 2913: 2878: 2790: 2731: 2695: 2589: 2540: 2462: 2346: 2246: 2115: 2105: 1978: 1865: 1517: 1404:

Poisoning occurring as a consequence of consumption of fish from the order

1276: 1255: 1227: 1133: 884: 880: 837: 786: 5766: 5736: 5649: 5548: 5432: 4790: 4752: 4594: 4552: 3891: 3852: 3489: 3462: 3037: 2835: 2636: 2521: 891:

have developed insensitivity to TTX, which allows them to prey upon toxic

51:

cited. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed.

12361: 12336: 12291: 12154: 12120: 11984: 11979: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11904: 11823: 11812: 11802: 11514: 11245: 11136: 11131: 11065: 10764: 10749: 10721: 10703: 10675: 10567: 10388: 10244: 10198: 10186: 10043: 9990: 9940: 9846: 9841: 9831: 9796: 9781: 9647: 9358: 9315: 9286: 9106: 9084: 9021: 9011: 8521: 8475: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8267: 8252: 8247: 8202: 8181: 8173: 8085: 8080: 8065: 8050: 7985: 7930: 7506: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7466: 7451: 7441: 7421: 7323: 7306: 7296: 7286: 7276: 7271: 7241: 7216: 7211: 7191: 7176: 7141: 7126: 7089: 7024: 6984: 6974: 6831: 6826: 6811: 6796: 6736: 6601: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6485: 6480: 6361: 6308: 6303: 6288: 6131: 6106: 6096: 6086: 6076: 6066: 5981: 5976: 5966: 5879: 5870:

New York Times, "Whatever Doesn't Kill Some Animals Can Make Them Deadly"

5264: 5234: 4910: 3817: 3497: 2921: 2571: 2386: 2100: 2074: 1678: 1577: 1509: 1334:

tetrodotoxin in 1972. M. Isobe and coworkers and J. Du Bois reported the

1318:

elucidated the structure of tetrodotoxin. The structure was confirmed by

929: 917: 905: 771: 701: 649: 619: 5570:

Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan

3883: 3844: 3476:

Blankenship, J.E. (1976). "Tetrodotoxin: From Poison to Powerful Tool".

3410: 1512:

of the lips and tongue is followed by developing it in the extremities,

12311: 12306: 12286: 12281: 12266: 12261: 12174: 12169: 12145: 11969: 11954: 11949: 11894: 11889: 11571: 11452: 11411: 11405: 11389: 11372: 11366: 11333: 11325: 11266: 11060: 10832: 10738: 10727: 10549: 10543: 10276: 10213: 10130: 10108: 10053: 10016: 9960: 9930: 9920: 9861: 9851: 9836: 9821: 9816: 9801: 9721: 9706: 9622: 9612: 9607: 9597: 9564: 9254: 9214: 9031: 9026: 8825: 8753: 8748: 8684: 8679: 8669: 8664: 8644: 8465: 8454: 8450: 8417: 8302: 8297: 8272: 8262: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8168: 8158: 8140: 8135: 8105: 8095: 8055: 8020: 7975: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7940: 7905: 7830: 7774: 7751: 7719: 7646: 7606: 7564: 7554: 7529: 7501: 7461: 7446: 7366: 7361: 7301: 7281: 7266: 7256: 7121: 7111: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7019: 6979: 6934: 6929: 6841: 6821: 6761: 6751: 6681: 6661: 6646: 6636: 6626: 6611: 6596: 6586: 6576: 6566: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6490: 6470: 6450: 6376: 6366: 6351: 6341: 6293: 6241: 6176: 6101: 6091: 6081: 6061: 6036: 6031: 6011: 5991: 5961: 5479: 5416:"Tetrodotoxin: chemistry, toxicity, source, distribution and detection" 5001: 3205: 3155: 3111: 3072: 2505:"Tetrodotoxin: Chemistry, Toxicity, Source, Distribution and Detection" 2435: 2327: 2110: 2090: 2085: 2036: 1914: 1486: 1412:

can contain levels of tetrodotoxin sufficient to produce the described

1409: 1398: 736: 595: 531: 479: 308: 268: 212: 5612: 5036:

Alcoholism, drug addiction, and the road to recovery: life on the edge

4630:. Cawthron Institute for the Auckland Regional Council. Archived from 4051: 4011: 3937: 3711: 3299:

Moczydlowski EG (Mar 2013). "The molecular mystique of tetrodotoxin".

3179:"Bacterial production of tetrodotoxin in four species of Chaetognatha" 2991:

Marine Pharmacognosy: Action of Marine Biotoxins at the Cellular Level

12406: 12356: 12331: 12321: 12246: 11974: 11964: 11959: 11879: 11859: 11833: 11818: 11756: 11703: 11462: 11400: 11383: 11361: 11338: 11075: 10916: 10709: 10573: 10512: 10438: 10181: 10176: 10166: 10146: 10089: 10079: 10074: 10033: 9945: 9761: 9741: 9731: 9691: 9686: 9666: 9637: 9587: 9569: 9522: 9514: 9421: 9405: 9016: 8845: 8791: 8707: 8590: 8580: 8511: 8440: 8402: 8377: 8367: 8292: 8242: 8187: 8163: 8090: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7950: 7945: 7935: 7920: 7779: 7651: 7631: 7611: 7601: 7559: 7539: 7456: 7251: 7166: 7156: 7136: 7074: 7059: 7049: 7009: 6994: 6964: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6865: 6806: 6756: 6746: 6741: 6726: 6716: 6696: 6686: 6666: 6641: 6271: 6236: 6216: 6181: 6171: 6136: 6121: 3562:

Kudo Y, Hanifin CT, Kotaki Y, Yotsu-Yamashita M (25 September 2020).

2120: 2095: 1650: 1635:

fatalities, nonetheless involved pufferfish from the Atlantic Ocean,

1573: 1553: 1537: 1497:, which evaluated biological weapons on human subjects in the 1930s. 1469: 1445: 1436: 1413: 1394: 1375: 1303: 1267: 1231: 1223: 911: 779: 759: 751: 635: 631: 3197: 3064: 2145:

as for a thorough speculative discussion regarding biosynthesis, see

2008:

preparations. This idea first appeared in the 1938 non-fiction book

545:

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their

12415: 12316: 12225: 12190: 12095: 12009: 11919: 11869: 11752: 11741: 11718: 11708: 11688: 11583: 11550: 11544: 11534: 10934: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10537: 10396: 10084: 10064: 9975: 9970: 9935: 9925: 9900: 9856: 9806: 9751: 9726: 9711: 9676: 9671: 9602: 9554: 9527: 9473: 9401: 9054: 8516: 8322: 8317: 8277: 8192: 8040: 7915: 7853: 7236: 7201: 7106: 6721: 6651: 6621: 6581: 6475: 6266: 6226: 6206: 2503:

Bane V, Lehane M, Dikshit M, O'Riordan A, Furey A (February 2014).

2416: 1783: 1779: 1659: 1623: 1615: 1549: 1529: 1494: 1455: 1153: 923: 820: 811: 800: 793: 766: 716: 638: 338: 5555: 5506:

Moczydlowski EG (2013). "The molecular mystique of tetrodotoxin".

4731:

Yasumoto T, Kao CY (1986). "Tetrodotoxin and the Haitian zombie".

2804:

Scheuer PJ (1970). "Toxins from fish and other marine organisms".

879:, or as both a defensive and predatory venom (e.g., in octopuses, 216: 205: 12164: 12159: 11874: 11864: 11854: 11849: 11539: 11167: 11085: 11070: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11030: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10929: 10837: 10827: 10787: 10782: 10759: 10754: 10488: 10239: 9701: 9696: 9681: 9642: 9617: 9454: 9434: 9074: 8585: 8407: 8207: 7732: 7131: 7069: 6731: 6711: 6407: 6278: 4982: 2021: 1938: 1735: 1581: 1569: 1533: 1387: 1331: 1251: 1239: 848: 627: 350: 4179:

Goodman & Gilman's The pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

3561: 2417:

Huerta MÁ, de la Nava J, Artacho-Cordón A, Nieto FR (May 2023).

2359: 12382: 12045: 12040: 11828: 10974: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10616: 10418: 10006: 9980: 9950: 9766: 9468: 9449: 9197: 8411: 7675:

Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel

7524: 7520:

Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel

7196: 7116: 6999: 6989: 6771: 6540: 3376:"Tetrodotoxin | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology" 2001: 1708: 1545: 1525: 1521: 1186: 935: 872: 678: 655: 248: 86: 5459:

Lago J, Rodríguez LP, Blanco L, Vieites JM, Cabado AG (2015).

5413: 4769:

Kao CY, Yasumoto T (1990). "Tetrodotoxin in "zombie powder"".

2963:(3rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 196, 390. 2502: 2309:

Lago J, Rodríguez LP, Blanco L, Vieites JM, Cabado AG (2015).

1964:". The toxin is used as a weapon in both the second season of 12326: 12241: 12200: 11487: 10891: 10886: 10876: 10715: 10698: 10651: 9955: 9871: 9866: 9736: 9657: 8996: 8891: 7381: 7151: 7004: 4941: 4160:

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)

3865: 3830: 2045:. James Ellroy includes "blowfish toxin" as an ingredient in 2017: 1816:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

1544:. The gastrointestinal symptoms are often severe and include 1182: 228: 195: 10970:

Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)

7799: 4614: 4437:

Weapons of Mass Destruction: Chemical and biological weapons

4250: 3653: 2848: 2649: 2071:, Haitian man allegedly buried alive under the effect of TTX 400: 160:

anhydrotetrodotoxin, 4-epitetrodotoxin, tetrodonic acid, TTX

11497: 11492: 11051:

2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate

10120: 10028: 8727:

Tooltip Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

8649: 7694: 7352: 7314: 7097: 1731: 1726: 1696: 1590: 1368: 1178: 892: 329: 8623: 5928: 5458: 5414:

Bane V, Lehane M, Dikshit M, O'Riordan A, Furey A (2014).

5146:. United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3693: 3602: 2308: 2077:, North Korean medical injection derived from tetrodotoxin 11884: 11437: 9965: 5363:(1st Touchstone ed.). New York: Simon and Schuster. 4892: 4433: 4295: 3700:

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society

3132: 2891: 1448:) eggs were mentioned in the first Chinese pharmacopoeia 1250:

makes tetrodotoxin a valuable agent for the silencing of

6893: 5743: 5656: 4035:"The chemical synthesis of tetrodoxin: an ongoing quest" 3093: 1657:

with very similar symptoms and signs. The trumpet shell

7584: 7404: 5558:"Tetrodotoxin poisoning due to smooth-backed blowfish, 5066:

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology

4376:

Kaempfer E, Scheuchzer Johannes Caspar, trans. (1727).

4251:

Clark RF, Williams SR, Nordt SP, Manoguerra AS (1999).

4202:

Patockaa J, Stredab L (April 23, 2002). Price R (ed.).

4086:"Stereocontrolled total synthesis of tetrodotoxin from 2946:. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). 152:-8a,10-methano-5,7-(epoxymethanooxy)quinazolin-10-olate 4840: 3603:

Melnikova DI, Nijland R, Magarlamov TY (9 June 2021).

1568:, speech is affected, and the victim usually exhibits 1408:

is extremely serious. The organs (e.g., liver) of the

7881: 5781: 5598: 4621:

and coincidence of dog deaths along Auckland Beaches"

4164:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

3696:"Convergent evolution of toxin resistance in animals" 3014: 1758:

derivatives by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

1629: 4985:"Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a therapeutic agent for pain" 4142:"Material Safety Data Sheet Tetrodotoxin ACC# 01139" 3923: 898:

The association of TTX with consumed, infecting, or

5386:

Tell my horse: Voodoo and life in Haiti and Jamaica

5179:"Covert Affairs Recap: Starlings of the Slipstream" 4628:

Auckland Regional Council Technical Report 2009/108

4467: 4176: 3958: 3801: 3518: 3218: 3018:

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

2553: 2209: 954:Association of animals with TTX-producing bacteria 855:; wherein it was originally termed "tarichatoxin"), 317: 4648: 4470: 4375: 3253: 3221:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 8916: 8490: 5802: 5714: 5027: 4657:"Puffer fish toxin blamed for deaths of two dogs" 4530: 4083: 3996:"A stereoselective synthesis of (–)-tetrodotoxin" 3475: 3292: 2994:. Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier . pp. 85–106. 2604:Tetrodotoxin (T8024) – Product Information Sheet. 2212:"On the origins and biosynthesis of tetrodotoxin" 12451: 8554: 4296:Rang H, Ritter J, Flower R, Henderson G (2015). 4271:. Archived from the original on October 7, 2008. 4214:(89). Applied Science and Analysis inc.: 16–23. 4204:"Brief Review of Natural Nonprotein Neurotoxins" 2614: 634:). It is also produced by certain infectious or 362: 8954:Transient receptor potential channel modulators 4870:Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man 4500: 4498: 4201: 3689: 3687: 3685: 1298:caused by how TTX binds to the unmutated VGSC. 181: 5253: 5223: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 3333: 1770: 1622:specific to tetrodotoxin is in development by 1454:(The Book of Herbs, allegedly 2838–2698 BC by 1306:(STX), a toxin with a similar mode of action. 10348: 8979: 8896:Tooltip Transient receptor potential channels 7386:Tooltip Inwardly rectifying potassium channel 5895: 4032: 3993: 3736: 3176: 2004:, and has been suggested as an ingredient in 1814:The examples and perspective in this article 9062: 7804:Tooltip Tandem pore domain potassium channel 5505: 5261:"The Apothecary Diaries, Vol. 7, Chapter 33" 5231:"The Apothecary Diaries, Vol. 5, Chapter 25" 5062: 4841:Warin RH, Steventon GB, Mitchell SC (2007). 4572: 4495: 4392:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3682: 3298: 3050: 2983: 2554:Narahashi T, Moore JW, Scott WR (May 1964). 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2210:Chau R, Kalaitzis JA, Neilan BA (Jul 2011). 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 1393:The toxin can enter the body of a victim by 7702:Tooltip Calcium-activated potassium channel 5677: 5384:Hurston ZN (2009). Reed I, Louis H (eds.). 4768: 4730: 4454: 3987: 3859: 3824: 3521:Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 1930:Season 7, Episode 6, where the antidote is 1761: 1681:was sparked after several dogs died eating 482:: O14(O)(3O1()(O)2(N\C(N/(O)23)=)4O)CO 10355: 10341: 8986: 8972: 8628:Tooltip Calcium-activated chloride channel 6920:4-Aminopyridine (fampridine/dalfampridine) 5933:Tooltip Voltage-dependent calcium channels 5909: 5902: 5888: 5805:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 5535:Lange WR (1990). "Puffer fish poisoning". 5352: 5350: 5034:Stimmel B (2002). "12: Heroin Addiction". 4935: 4473:Harrison's principles of internal medicine 4434:Eric Croddy, James J. Wirtz, eds. (2005). 3952: 3917: 3898: 3087: 2956: 2643: 2608: 2020:. These stories were later popularized by 415: 298: 276: 9911:Androctonus australis hector insect toxin 5842:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine 5581: 5488: 5478: 5441: 5431: 5321: 5289: 5010: 5000: 4959: 4918: 4617:"Review of tetrodotoxins in the sea slug 4253:"A review of selected seafood poisonings" 4177:Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Gilman AZ (1980). 4109: 4060: 4050: 3805:Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 3719: 3630: 3620: 3579: 3418: 3392: 3382:. International Union of Pharmacologists. 3351: 2780: 2770: 2744: 2702: 2685: 2675: 2579: 2530: 2520: 2452: 2434: 2385: 2336: 2326: 1864:In the U.S., tetrodotoxin appears on the 1852:Learn how and when to remove this message 1500: 382: 67:Learn how and when to remove this message 6898:Tooltip Voltage-gated potassium channels 4802: 4800: 4764: 4762: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4681: 4679: 4084:Sato K, Akai S, Yoshimura J (Jul 2013). 4000:Journal of the American Chemical Society 3926:Journal of the American Chemical Society 3872:Journal of the American Chemical Society 3833:Journal of the American Chemical Society 3742: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 2469: 2267: 2154: 1778:It has also been studied in relation to 1435: 7592:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel 7412:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel 5383: 5347: 5176: 5165:Miami Vice (1984–1990) Tale of the Goat 5033: 4847:. Imperial College Press. p. 390. 4715:from the original on 27 September 2011. 4406: 4300:(8th ed.). Churchill Livingstone. 3170: 2803: 1870:Department of Health and Human Services 1214:Tetrodotoxin binds to what is known as 411: 12452: 11236:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro) 11230:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro) 5336:from the original on February 25, 2024 4948:Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 4867: 4654: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4181:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 310. 1690: 474:O14(O)(3O1(O)(O)2(N\C(N/(O)23)=N)4O)CO 289: 12520:Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers 11478:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) 10336: 8967: 7886:Tooltip Voltage-gated sodium channels 5883: 5659:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 5638:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 5534: 5356: 5304:from the original on January 21, 2024 5271:from the original on February 2, 2023 4806: 4797: 4759: 4719: 4676: 4321: 4319: 4317: 3904: 3435: 1444:The therapeutic uses of puffer fish ( 1314:In 1964, a team of scientists led by 1309: 443:Key: CFMYXEVWODSLAX-QOZOJKKESA-N 256: 236: 7821:12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate 3478:Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 2988:) ". In Martin D, Padilla G (eds.). 1800: 732:(where it was called "maculotoxin"), 710: 20: 11567:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine 6915:3,4-Diaminopyridine (amifampridine) 5566:caught off the Kyushu coast, Japan" 5324:"The Apothecary Diaries Episode 20" 5292:"The Apothecary Diaries Episode 15" 5038:. New York: Haworth Medical Press. 4233: 3448: 1901:Captain America: The Winter Soldier 1378:per kg. For comparison, the oral LD 453:Key: CFMYXEVWODSLAX-QOZOJKKEBM 353: 337: 13: 11183:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride 9265:Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) 5747:Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 5406: 5241:from the original on June 16, 2023 4504: 4314: 4257:Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine 1875: 1630:Worldwide distribution of toxicity 14: 12541: 11198:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride 11188:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide 8921:Tooltip Ligand gated ion channels 8495:Tooltip Epithelial sodium channel 5833: 5322:Silverman R (February 25, 2024). 4961:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.05.011 3399:Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2560:The Journal of General Physiology 1746:The mouse bioassay developed for 1719: 1326:and coworkers reported the first 11026:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate 10469:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 10317: 10316: 8559:Tooltip Acid-sensing ion channel 5290:Silverman R (January 21, 2024). 5078:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05539.x 4600: 4587:10.1001/jama.1981.03320030039026 4558: 3994:Hinman A, Du Bois J (Sep 2003). 1942:(Season 4, episode 9 "Boo") and 1805: 1741: 1560:; death is usually secondary to 1520:, headache, weakness, lethargy, 553: 515: 509: 94: 85: 25: 12434:List of chemical warfare agents 10657:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride 9349:Extracellular adenylate cyclase 5377: 5315: 5283: 5201: 5170: 5158: 5132: 5100: 5056: 4976: 4886: 4861: 4834: 4699: 4608: 4566: 4524: 4427: 4400: 4369: 4343: 4289: 4195: 4170: 4148: 4134: 4077: 4026: 3907:"Synthesis of (-)-Tetrodotoxin" 3795: 3748:"The Structure of Tetrodotoxin" 3647: 3596: 3555: 3512: 3469: 3395:"Tetrodotoxin: A brief history" 3386: 3368: 3327: 3282: 3247: 3212: 3126: 3044: 3008: 2977: 2950: 2932: 2885: 2842: 2797: 2738: 2138: 1420:and corresponding death due to 1261: 1209: 871:The toxin is variously used by 549:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa). 12510:Non-protein ion channel toxins 6377:Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIA) 5177:Miranda K (26 November 2014). 4298:Rang & Dale's Pharmacology 4098:Natural Product Communications 2596: 2547: 2410: 2353: 1673:In 2009, a major scare in the 1440:A Chinese pharmacopoeia, 1930. 521: 503: 1: 9501:Fibronectin binding protein A 8950:Receptor/signaling modulators 6352:Leconotide (ω-conotoxin CVID) 5520:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.11.026 4033:Chau J, Ciufolini MA (2011). 3668:10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.10.014 3541:10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.04.001 3313:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.11.026 3268:10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.05.019 3241:10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00595-6 3177:Thuesen EV, Kogure K (1989). 2871:10.1126/science.144.3622.1100 2818:10.1016/S0065-2628(08)60369-9 2724:10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.09.016 2378:10.1080/87559129.2019.1669162 2239:10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.04.001 2131: 1796: 1748:paralytic shellfish poisoning 1655:paralytic shellfish poisoning 1578:abnormally low blood pressure 1284: 675:voltage-gated sodium channels 673:in neurons by binding to the 42:secondary or tertiary sources 11510:Trimethylolpropane phosphite 11056:Neopentylene fluorophosphate 5864:Food and Drug Administration 5850:Tetrodotoxin: essential data 5729:10.1016/0041-0101(95)00060-y 5692:10.3109/15563650.2014.980581 5360:'The Serpent and the Rainbow 5144:Federal Select Agent Program 4783:10.1016/0041-0101(90)90330-a 4745:10.1016/0041-0101(86)90098-x 4545:10.1016/0041-0101(95)00060-Y 3581:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00623 2772:10.1371/journal.pone.0027581 2677:10.1371/journal.pone.0100718 2629:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90084-5 1908:(2019), and in episodes of " 1359:TTX is extremely toxic. The 1349: 1274:sp. 1839" was identified as 1220:voltage-gated sodium channel 1052:Southern blue-ringed octopus 669:. It inhibits the firing of 7: 11292:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol 11152:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol 11021:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate 9242:Staphylococcus aureus alpha 9220:Panton–Valentine leukocidin 5140:"Permissible Toxin Amounts" 4655:Gibson E (15 August 2009). 3568:Journal of Natural Products 2957:Stine KE, Brown TM (2015). 2062: 2042:The Serpent and the Rainbow 1889:The Serpent and the Rainbow 1828:, discuss the issue on the 1771:Modern therapeutic research 1707:preparations, in so-called 1580:. Paralysis increases, and 1460:a later date is more likely 1401:, or through abraded skin. 1354: 875:as a defensive biotoxin to 10: 12546: 12131:Hexamethylene diisocyanate 11599:Phenylcarbylamine chloride 10925:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride 9260:Toxic shock syndrome toxin 7913:Antiarrhythmics (class I): 4819:(3): 60–62. Archived from 4809:"Zombies and Tetrodotoxin" 4351:"T8024 Sigma Tetrodotoxin" 4111:10.1177/1934578X1300800726 2366:Food Reviews International 2039:'s 1988 film, both titled 1431: 1361:material safety data sheet 941: 12495:Adamantane-like molecules 12429: 12389:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate 12370: 12234: 12183: 12144: 12008: 11785: 11732: 11594:Perchloromethyl mercaptan 11523: 11324: 11099: 11013: 11005:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10) 10915: 10862: 10846: 10773: 10683: 10674: 10644: 10625: 10592: 10558: 10511: 10502: 10387: 10312: 10299: 10237: 10157:(+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A 10144: 10118: 10107: 10062: 10004: 9898: 9887: 9656: 9513: 9484: 9420: 9357: 9304: 9277: 9230: 9205: 9196: 9169: 9082: 9073: 9053: 9042: 8943: 8914: 8889: 8882: 8816: 8809: 8762: 8734: 8720: 8698: 8635: 8621: 8612: 8566: 8552: 8530: 8502: 8488: 8431: 8423:Tricyclic antidepressants 7893: 7879: 7870: 7844: 7811: 7797: 7741: 7709: 7692: 7573: 7432:Glibenclamide (glyburide) 7393: 7379: 7342: 6905: 6891: 6882: 6850: 5940: 5917: 5784:Singapore Medical Journal 5537:American Family Physician 4807:Hines T (May–June 2008). 4281:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2806:Advances in Food Research 1605:Alpha adrenergic agonists 1584:, mental impairment, and 1342:and Du Bois's work using 1234:also bind the same site. 842:Notophthalmus viridescens 543: 490: 462: 427: 165: 157: 107: 102: 93: 84: 49:primary research articles 12106:Chloroacetophenone oxime 12091:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone 11699:Trifluoroacetyl chloride 11609:Tetrachlorodinitroethane 11256:Phosphorus pentachloride 11081:Methanesulfonyl fluoride 9550:beta-Nitropropionic acid 5844:Medical Subject Headings 5583:10.3358/shokueishi.53.85 4707: 4687: 4619:Pleurobranchaea maculata 3913:. organic-chemistry.org. 3911:Organic Chemistry Portal 2960:Principles of Toxicology 2745:Marion Z, Hay M (2011). 1984:The Riddle of the Sphinx 1762:Detection in body fluids 1684:Pleurobranchaea maculata 1090:Astropecten polyacanthus 942:In the following table, 598:. Its name derives from 34:This scientific article 12485:Sodium channel blockers 12385:(variants and mixtures) 11654:Trichloronitrosomethane 11649:Trifluoronitrosomethane 11224:Methyldichlorophosphine 9334:Heat-labile enterotoxin 9325:heat-stable enterotoxin 8036:Eslicarbazepine acetate 5817:10.1053/ajem.2003.50008 4507:"Tetrodotoxin Toxicity" 3767:10.1351/pac196409010049 3451:Pharmacological Reviews 3353:10.1126/science.aau2596 1510:Having pins and needles 1374:) for mice as 334 1363:for TTX lists the oral 12184:Cornea-clouding agents 11679:Phosphorus trichloride 11261:Phosphorus trichloride 10995:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843) 10449:Phosphorus trifluoride 9443:Bacillus thuringiensis 7780:Rottlerin (mallotoxin) 5911:Ion channel modulators 5759:10.1006/faat.1997.2328 4662:The New Zealand Herald 4407:Suehiro M (1994). "". 4379:The History of Japan … 3973:10.1002/anie.200460293 3905:Taber D (2005-05-02). 3622:10.3390/toxins13060410 3030:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8332 2986:Hapalochlaena maculosa 2914:10.1126/science.619451 1993:The Apothecary Diaries 1564:. There is increasing 1501:Symptoms and treatment 1441: 1248:central nervous system 1048:Hapalochlaena maculosa 1000:Nassarius semiplicatus 730:Hapalochlaena maculosa 667:sodium channel blocker 12500:Secondary metabolites 11578:Disulfur decafluoride 11379:Chlorophenylsilatrane 11287:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 6137:Ryodipine (riodipine) 5433:10.3390/toxins6020693 4144:. Acros Organics N.V. 3490:10.1353/pbm.1976.0071 3484:(4, Summer): 509–26. 3380:Guide to Pharmacology 2522:10.3390/toxins6020693 1734:carefully remove the 1646:Sphoeroides maculatus 1574:excess pupil dilation 1538:difficulty swallowing 1475:The German physician 1439: 1320:X-ray crystallography 1230:, and several of the 1109:Takifugu vermicularis 1023:, and unassigned ones 975:, obscure pufferfish 12378:Methyl fluoroacetate 12206:Methyl cyanoacrylate 12126:Allyl isothiocyanate 11714:Uranium hexafluoride 11669:Dinitrogen tetroxide 11614:Chlorine trifluoride 10662:Selenium oxychloride 10532:Phenyldichloroarsine 10526:Methyldichloroarsine 10464:Nickel tetracarbonyl 9344:Pseudomonas exotoxin 8126:Valproate semisodium 6657:Carboxyamidotriazole 6592:Gabapentin enacarbil 6572:Arbaclofen placarbil 5562:and the toxicity of 5560:Lagocephalus inermis 5211:. USA Networks. 2015 4911:10.3747/co.v18i3.732 4708:自然毒のリスクプロファイル：魚類：フグ毒 3818:10.1246/bcsj.43.3332 3393:Narahashi T (2008). 2572:10.1085/jgp.47.5.965 2057:analytical chemistry 1834:create a new article 1826:improve this article 1586:irregular heartbeats 1566:respiratory distress 1428:stopping breathing. 1340:Diels-Alder approach 1296:convergent evolution 1098:Vibrio alginolyticus 12470:Guanidine alkaloids 12071:Bromobenzyl cyanide 11839:Dimethylheptylpyran 11767:Diphenylcyanoarsine 11762:Diphenylchlorarsine 11694:Methyl vinyl ketone 11619:Perchloryl fluoride 11483:Bicyclic phosphates 11302:Trimethyl phosphite 11251:Phosphoryl chloride 10520:Ethyldichloroarsine 10494:Chloral cyanohydrin 10484:Acetone cyanohydrin 10454:Methyl cyanoformate 8777:1,10-Phenanthroline 7334:Spooky toxin (SsTx) 6319:Tetrahydropalmatine 5680:Clinical Toxicology 4695:on 28 January 2010. 3884:10.1021/ja00781a039 3845:10.1021/ja00781a038 3533:2011AqTox.104...61C 3411:10.2183/pjab.84.147 3233:2003JEMBE.288...51C 3186:Biological Bulletin 3148:1987MarBi..94..625N 2906:1978Sci...199..188S 2863:1964Sci...144.1100M 2763:2011PLoSO...627581M 2668:2014PLoSO...9j0718S 2231:2011AqTox.104...61C 1951:Law Abiding Citizen 1691:Statistical factors 1620:monoclonal antibody 1570:shortness of breath 1562:respiratory failure 1422:respiratory failure 1344:C–H bond activation 955: 900:symbiotic bacterial 889:common garter snake 849:rough-skinned newts 827:toads of the genus 818:toads of the genus 778:several species of 726:blue-ringed octopus 628:rough-skinned newts 539: g·mol 81: 12465:Ion channel toxins 12460:Marine neurotoxins 12439:CB military symbol 12297:Enterotoxin type B 12252:Cyclopiazonic acid 12211:N-Methylmorpholine 12111:Ethyl bromoacetate 11589:Ethyl bromoacetate 11556:Perfluoroisobutene 11297:Triethyl phosphite 10568:Levinstein mustard 10459:Iron pentacarbonyl 10260:Alpha-Bungarotoxin 9430:Lipopolysaccharide 9388:Pore-forming toxin 8787:7,8-Benzoquinoline 8782:4,7-Phenanthroline 8772:1,7-Phenanthroline 8148:Local anesthetics: 7680:ML-297 (VU0456810) 7187:Diallyl trisulfide 7182:Dextropropoxyphene 7085:Tetraethylammonium 6792:Pinaverium bromide 6562:4-Methylpregabalin 5601:Muscle & Nerve 5480:10.3390/md13106384 5329:Anime News Network 5297:Anime News Network 5120:on 17 January 2009 5002:10.3390/md10020281 4868:Baselt RC (2008). 4844:Molecules of death 4813:Skeptical Inquirer 4409:Yakushigaku Zasshi 4156:"Cyanides (as CN)" 3156:10.1007/BF00431409 3112:10.1007/BF00391147 2436:10.3390/md21050316 2328:10.3390/md13106384 2219:Aquatic Toxicology 2069:Clairvius Narcisse 2014:Zora Neale Hurston 1988:Columbo (season 7) 1641:Gulf of California 1609:anticholinesterase 1601:activated charcoal 1477:Engelbert Kaempfer 1442: 1365:median lethal dose 1316:Robert B. Woodward 1310:Chemical synthesis 1202:Takifugu niphobles 953: 877:ward off predation 665:Tetrodotoxin is a 624:blue-ringed octopi 576:Infobox references 79: 12447: 12446: 12257:Histrionicotoxins 12235:Biological toxins 12116:Ethyl iodoacetate 11684:Methyl isocyanate 11644:Selenoyl fluoride 11634:Mercuric chloride 11604:Tetranitromethane 11458:Sulfuryl fluoride 11443:HN3 hydrochloride 11438:HN2 hydrochloride 11433:HN1 hydrochloride 11320: 11319: 11277:Phenacyl chloride 11272:Pinacolyl alcohol 11218:Isopropyl alcohol 11213:4-Hydroxycoumarin 11147:1,8-Dibromooctane 10670: 10669: 10594:Nitrogen mustards 10407:Cyanogen chloride 10330: 10329: 10295: 10294: 10265:Beta-Bungarotoxin 10209:Pumiliotoxin 251D 10103: 10102: 9509: 9508: 9496:Clumping factor A 9416: 9415: 9300: 9299: 9273: 9272: 9192: 9191: 8961: 8960: 8939: 8938: 8878: 8877: 8874: 8873: 8836:Meclofenamic acid 8805: 8804: 8716: 8715: 8608: 8607: 8604: 8603: 8548: 8547: 8484: 8483: 8358:RG7893 (GDC-0287) 8121:Valproate pivoxil 8011:Acetylpheneturide 7866: 7865: 7862: 7861: 7793: 7792: 7765:Meclofenamic acid 7728:Ethanol (alcohol) 7688: 7687: 7637:Minoxidil sulfate 7375: 7374: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6777:Otilonium bromide 6702:Ethanol (alcohol) 6466:ω-Conotoxin MVIIC 6202:Phenylalkylamines 5613:10.1002/mus.20618 4879:978-0-9626523-7-0 4854:978-1-86094-814-5 4093: 4052:10.3390/md9102046 4012:10.1021/ja0368305 3961:Angewandte Chemie 3938:10.1021/ja0342998 3869: 3712:10.1111/brv.12865 3096:Octopus maculosus 2857:(3622): 1100–10. 1933:Datura stramonium 1862: 1861: 1854: 1836:, as appropriate. 1791:heroin withdrawal 1667:Taricha granulosa 1406:Tetraodontiformes 1384:potassium cyanide 1196:Takifugu rubripes 1174:Taricha granulosa 1168: 1167: 972:Takifugu obscurus 944:open nomenclature 715:Apart from their 711:Sources in nature 671:action potentials 644:Pseudoalteromonas 600:Tetraodontiformes 584:Chemical compound 582: 581: 396:CompTox Dashboard 218:Interactive image 207:Interactive image 77: 76: 69: 36:needs additional 12537: 12530:Amphibian toxins 12421:White phosphorus 12398:post-combustion 12394:Depleted uranium 12221:Osmium tetroxide 12101:Phenacyl bromide 11664:Nitrogen dioxide 11639:Selenium dioxide 11629:Cadmium chloride 11086:Dimefox (TL-792) 10681: 10680: 10509: 10508: 10434:Hydrogen sulfide 10413:Hydrogen cyanide 10402:Cyanogen bromide 10368:chemical warfare 10357: 10350: 10343: 10334: 10333: 10320: 10319: 10248: 10204:Histrionicotoxin 10150: 10124: 10116: 10115: 10068: 10022:Alpha-latrotoxin 10010: 9904: 9896: 9895: 9628:Sterigmatocystin 9580:, Fumonisin B3, 9544:epsilon-amanitin 9463:B. thuringiensis 9292:Diphtheria toxin 9235: 9203: 9202: 9172: 9088: 9080: 9079: 9071: 9070: 9060: 9059: 9051: 9050: 8988: 8981: 8974: 8965: 8964: 8922: 8918: 8897: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8814: 8813: 8732: 8731: 8728: 8724: 8633: 8632: 8629: 8625: 8619: 8618: 8564: 8563: 8560: 8556: 8500: 8499: 8496: 8492: 8111:Sodium valproate 8026:Chlorphenacemide 8008:Anticonvulsants: 7891: 7890: 7887: 7883: 7877: 7876: 7826:Arachidonic acid 7809: 7808: 7805: 7801: 7707: 7706: 7703: 7699: 7676: 7672: 7593: 7589: 7545:Dextromethorphan 7521: 7517: 7413: 7409: 7391: 7390: 7387: 7383: 6903: 6902: 6899: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6861:L-type-selective 6672:Dimeditiapramine 6634:Others/unsorted: 6416:T-type-selective 6403:R-type-selective 6385:P-type-selective 6337:ω-Conotoxin GVIA 6327:N-type-selective 5957:Dihydropyridines 5951:L-type-selective 5938: 5937: 5934: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5904: 5897: 5890: 5881: 5880: 5828: 5799: 5778: 5740: 5711: 5674: 5653: 5632: 5595: 5585: 5552: 5531: 5502: 5492: 5482: 5473:(10): 6384–406. 5455: 5445: 5435: 5400: 5399: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5357:Davis W (1985). 5354: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5341: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5309: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5189:on 6 August 2018 5185:. Archived from 5183:Movie News Guide 5174: 5168: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5119: 5113:. Archived from 5112: 5104: 5098: 5097: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5014: 5004: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4963: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4922: 4899:Current Oncology 4890: 4884: 4883: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4804: 4795: 4794: 4766: 4757: 4756: 4728: 4717: 4716: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4683: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4636: 4625: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4604: 4598: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4562: 4556: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4476: 4465: 4452: 4451: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4391: 4383: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4323: 4312: 4311: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4280: 4272: 4248: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4113: 4091: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4064: 4054: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4006:(38): 11510–11. 3991: 3985: 3984: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3932:(29): 8798–805. 3921: 3915: 3914: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3870:-tetrodotoxin". 3867: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3783: 3777:. Archived from 3752: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3723: 3706:(5): 1823–1843. 3691: 3680: 3679: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3634: 3624: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3583: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3446: 3433: 3432: 3422: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3355: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3296: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3183: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3012: 3006: 3005: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2900:(4325): 188–89. 2889: 2883: 2882: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2784: 2774: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2689: 2679: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2583: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2534: 2524: 2500: 2467: 2466: 2456: 2438: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2389: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2340: 2330: 2321:(10): 6384–406. 2306: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2255: 2249:. Archived from 2216: 2207: 2146: 2142: 1857: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1837: 1809: 1808: 1801: 1660:Charonia sauliae 1465:Pen-T’so Kang Mu 1397:, injection, or 1142:V. alginolyticus 1132:Four species of 1122:V. alginolyticus 1120:spp., including 1013:V. alginolyticus 1011:spp., including 956: 952: 690:Toshio Narahashi 566: 560: 557: 556: 538: 523: 517: 511: 505: 498:Chemical formula 420: 419: 404: 402: 386: 366: 355: 341: 321: 302: 291: 280: 260: 240: 220: 209: 185: 98: 89: 82: 78: 72: 65: 61: 58: 52: 29: 28: 21: 12545: 12544: 12540: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12535: 12534: 12450: 12449: 12448: 12443: 12425: 12366: 12277:Botulinum toxin 12230: 12179: 12140: 12056:Benzyl chloride 12011: 12004: 11788: 11781: 11772:Cacodyl cyanide 11734:Vomiting agents 11728: 11526: 11519: 11428:Dimethylmercury 11350:Botulinum toxin 11316: 11095: 11009: 10911: 10864:Novichok agents 10858: 10842: 10769: 10666: 10640: 10621: 10588: 10560:Sulfur mustards 10554: 10498: 10444:Carbon monoxide 10424:Cacodyl cyanide 10383: 10382: 10366:Agents used in 10361: 10331: 10326: 10308: 10291: 10287:Cardiotoxin III 10243: 10238: 10233: 10145: 10140: 10119: 10111: 10099: 10063: 10058: 10005: 10000: 9899: 9891: 9883: 9787:Resiniferatoxin 9652: 9505: 9487: 9480: 9445:delta endotoxin 9412: 9353: 9339:Pertussis toxin 9307: 9296: 9269: 9231: 9226: 9188: 9184:Listeriolysin O 9170: 9165: 9083: 9065: 9045: 9038: 8992: 8962: 8957: 8935: 8920: 8910: 8895: 8870: 8866:Trifluoperazine 8861:Tolfenamic acid 8831:Flufenamic acid 8801: 8758: 8726: 8712: 8694: 8660:Flufenamic acid 8655:Ethacrynic acid 8627: 8600: 8558: 8544: 8526: 8494: 8480: 8427: 8258:Metabutoxycaine 8223:Diphenhydramine 8213:Cyclomethycaine 8178:Levobupivacaine 7885: 7858: 7840: 7803: 7789: 7785:Tolfenamic acid 7760:Flufenamic acid 7755: 7737: 7723: 7701: 7698: 7684: 7674: 7591: 7588: 7569: 7519: 7411: 7408: 7385: 7371: 7356: 7338: 7318: 7227:Norpropoxyphene 7104:11.1)-specific: 7103: 6897: 6870: 6846: 6802:Rhynchophylline 6552: 5932: 5913: 5908: 5836: 5831: 5665:(51): 1222–25. 5409: 5407:Further reading 5404: 5403: 5396: 5382: 5378: 5371: 5355: 5348: 5339: 5337: 5320: 5316: 5307: 5305: 5288: 5284: 5274: 5272: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5229: 5228: 5224: 5214: 5212: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5192: 5190: 5175: 5171: 5163: 5159: 5149: 5147: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5123: 5121: 5117: 5110: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5061: 5057: 5046: 5032: 5028: 4981: 4977: 4940: 4936: 4891: 4887: 4880: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4839: 4835: 4826: 4824: 4805: 4798: 4767: 4760: 4729: 4720: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4689: 4688:危険がいっぱいふぐの素人料理 4685: 4684: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4653: 4649: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4623: 4613: 4609: 4599: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4529: 4525: 4515: 4513: 4503: 4496: 4489: 4466: 4455: 4448: 4432: 4428: 4405: 4401: 4385: 4384: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4357:. Sigma-Aldrich 4349: 4348: 4344: 4335: 4333: 4325: 4324: 4315: 4308: 4294: 4290: 4274: 4273: 4249: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4175: 4171: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4082: 4078: 4045:(10): 2046–74. 4031: 4027: 3992: 3988: 3967:(36): 4782–85. 3957: 3953: 3922: 3918: 3903: 3899: 3878:(26): 9219–21. 3864: 3860: 3839:(26): 9217–19. 3829: 3825: 3812:(11): 3332–41. 3800: 3796: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3755:Pure Appl. Chem 3750: 3741: 3737: 3692: 3683: 3652: 3648: 3601: 3597: 3560: 3556: 3517: 3513: 3474: 3470: 3457:(2): 997–1049. 3447: 3436: 3391: 3387: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3332: 3328: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3283: 3252: 3248: 3217: 3213: 3198:10.2307/1541587 3181: 3175: 3171: 3131: 3127: 3092: 3088: 3065:10.2307/2409442 3049: 3045: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2982: 2978: 2971: 2955: 2951: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2890: 2886: 2847: 2843: 2828: 2802: 2798: 2743: 2739: 2707: 2703: 2648: 2644: 2613: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2552: 2548: 2501: 2470: 2415: 2411: 2358: 2354: 2307: 2268: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2214: 2208: 2155: 2150: 2149: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2081:4-Aminopyridine 2065: 2052:Blood's a Rover 1910:Jane the Virgin 1878: 1876:Popular culture 1858: 1847: 1841: 1838: 1823: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1773: 1764: 1744: 1722: 1693: 1675:Auckland Region 1653:, which causes 1632: 1514:hypersalivation 1503: 1434: 1381: 1372: 1357: 1352: 1328:total synthesis 1312: 1292: 1287: 1264: 1252:neural activity 1212: 1156:(ribbon worms) 1112:, a pufferfish 951: 858: 847:the western or 807:land planarians 796:(ribbon worms), 713: 698:Duke University 585: 578: 573: 572: 571: ?) 562: 558: 554: 550: 536: 526: 520: 514: 508: 500: 486: 483: 475: 470: 469: 458: 455: 454: 451: 445: 444: 441: 435: 434: 423: 405: 398: 389: 369: 356: 344: 324: 311: 283: 263: 243: 223: 199: 188: 175: 161: 153: 73: 62: 56: 53: 46: 30: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12543: 12533: 12532: 12527: 12525:Octopus toxins 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12441: 12436: 12430: 12427: 12426: 12424: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12404: 12403: 12402: 12400:uranium oxides 12391: 12386: 12380: 12374: 12372: 12368: 12367: 12365: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12238: 12236: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12187: 12185: 12181: 12180: 12178: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12151: 12149: 12142: 12141: 12139: 12138: 12136:Crotonaldehyde 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12061:Benzyl bromide 12058: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12033: 12028: 12022: 12016: 12014: 12006: 12005: 12003: 12002: 12000:Chlorpromazine 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11793: 11791: 11787:Incapacitating 11783: 11782: 11780: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11750: 11745: 11738: 11736: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11674:Sulfur dioxide 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11575: 11569: 11564: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11542: 11537: 11531: 11529: 11527:choking agents 11521: 11520: 11518: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11501: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11423:Tetraethyllead 11420: 11414: 11409: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11387: 11381: 11376: 11370: 11364: 11359: 11353: 11347: 11342: 11336: 11330: 11328: 11322: 11321: 11318: 11317: 11315: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11227: 11221: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11127:A.P.C. complex 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11103: 11101: 11097: 11096: 11094: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11017: 11015: 11011: 11010: 11008: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10921: 10919: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10868: 10866: 10860: 10859: 10857: 10856: 10850: 10848: 10844: 10843: 10841: 10840: 10838:V-sub x (GD-7) 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10779: 10777: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10736: 10731: 10725: 10719: 10713: 10707: 10701: 10696: 10689: 10687: 10678: 10672: 10671: 10668: 10667: 10665: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10648: 10646: 10642: 10641: 10639: 10638: 10635:Phosgene oxime 10631: 10629: 10623: 10622: 10620: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10598: 10596: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10564: 10562: 10556: 10555: 10553: 10547: 10541: 10535: 10529: 10523: 10517: 10515: 10506: 10504:Blister agents 10500: 10499: 10497: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10474:Glycolonitrile 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10410: 10404: 10399: 10393: 10391: 10385: 10384: 10381: 10380: 10375: 10373:incapacitation 10370: 10363: 10360: 10359: 10352: 10345: 10337: 10328: 10327: 10325: 10324: 10313: 10310: 10309: 10307: 10306: 10300: 10297: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10268: 10267: 10262: 10251: 10249: 10235: 10234: 10232: 10231: 10229:Zetekitoxin AB 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10164: 10159: 10153: 10151: 10142: 10141: 10139: 10138: 10133: 10127: 10125: 10113: 10105: 10104: 10101: 10100: 10098: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10071: 10069: 10060: 10059: 10057: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10025: 10024: 10013: 10011: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9907: 9905: 9893: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9881: 9876: 9875: 9874: 9869: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9777:Pseudaconitine 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9717:Djenkolic acid 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9663: 9661: 9654: 9653: 9651: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9540:gamma-amanitin 9532:alpha-amanitin 9525: 9519: 9517: 9511: 9510: 9507: 9506: 9504: 9503: 9498: 9492: 9490: 9482: 9481: 9479: 9478: 9477: 9476: 9471: 9459: 9458: 9457: 9452: 9439: 9438: 9437: 9426: 9424: 9418: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9410: 9409: 9408: 9392: 9391: 9390: 9378: 9377: 9376: 9363: 9361: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9327: 9319: 9312: 9310: 9302: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9295: 9294: 9289: 9283: 9281: 9279:Actinomycetota 9275: 9274: 9271: 9270: 9268: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9238: 9236: 9233:Staphylococcus 9228: 9227: 9225: 9224: 9223: 9222: 9212: 9206: 9200: 9194: 9193: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9186: 9181: 9175: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9161: 9149: 9148: 9147: 9142: 9130: 9129: 9128: 9123: 9111: 9110: 9109: 9104: 9091: 9089: 9077: 9068: 9057: 9048: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9036: 9035: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8991: 8990: 8983: 8976: 8968: 8959: 8958: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8937: 8936: 8934: 8933: 8925: 8923: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8908: 8900: 8898: 8884: 8880: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8872: 8871: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8841:Mefenamic acid 8838: 8833: 8828: 8822: 8820: 8811: 8807: 8806: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8799: 8797:Phenanthridine 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8768: 8766: 8760: 8759: 8757: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8740: 8738: 8729: 8718: 8717: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8710: 8704: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8641: 8639: 8630: 8616: 8610: 8609: 8606: 8605: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8572: 8570: 8561: 8550: 8549: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8542: 8536: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8508: 8506: 8497: 8486: 8485: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8445:Atracotoxins ( 8443: 8437: 8435: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8405: 8400: 8391: 8390: 8388:Zetekitoxin AB 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8361: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8306: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8288:Proxymetacaine 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8198:Chloroprocaine 8195: 8190: 8185: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8144: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8004: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7909: 7908: 7899: 7897: 7888: 7874: 7868: 7867: 7864: 7863: 7860: 7859: 7857: 7856: 7850: 7848: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7817: 7815: 7806: 7795: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7753: 7747: 7745: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7735: 7730: 7721: 7715: 7713: 7704: 7696: 7690: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7682: 7665: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7586: 7579: 7577: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7472:Glyclopyramide 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7427:Chlorpropamide 7424: 7419: 7406: 7399: 7397: 7388: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7364: 7354: 7348: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7316: 7310: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7172:Clarithromycin 7169: 7164: 7162:Chlorpromazine 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7101: 7093: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6911: 6909: 6900: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6856: 6854: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6782:Paramethadione 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6630: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6557:gabapentinoids 6550: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458:Non-selective: 6454: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6411: 6410: 6398: 6397: 6395:ω-Agatoxin IVB 6392: 6390:ω-Agatoxin IVA 6380: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6347:Huwentoxin XVI 6344: 6339: 6334: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6299:Cyproheptadine 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6057:Levniguldipine 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5997:Dexniguldipine 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5946: 5944: 5935: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5907: 5906: 5899: 5892: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5853: 5847: 5835: 5834:External links 5832: 5830: 5829: 5800: 5779: 5741: 5723:(9): 1231–37. 5712: 5675: 5654: 5644:(19): 389–91. 5633: 5596: 5553: 5543:(4): 1029–33. 5532: 5503: 5456: 5426:(2): 693–755. 5410: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5395:978-0061695131 5394: 5376: 5370:978-0671502478 5369: 5346: 5314: 5282: 5252: 5222: 5200: 5169: 5157: 5131: 5099: 5055: 5044: 5026: 4995:(2): 281–305. 4975: 4934: 4905:(3): e109–16. 4885: 4878: 4860: 4853: 4833: 4796: 4758: 4718: 4698: 4675: 4647: 4607: 4565: 4539:(9): 1231–37. 4523: 4494: 4487: 4453: 4446: 4426: 4399: 4368: 4342: 4313: 4306: 4288: 4232: 4208:ASA Newsletter 4194: 4187: 4169: 4147: 4133: 4090:-inositol and 4076: 4025: 3986: 3951: 3916: 3897: 3858: 3823: 3794: 3735: 3681: 3662:(3): 381–387. 3646: 3595: 3574:(9): 2706–17. 3554: 3527:(1–2): 61–72. 3511: 3468: 3434: 3385: 3367: 3326: 3291: 3281: 3246: 3211: 3169: 3136:Marine Biology 3125: 3100:Marine Biology 3086: 3059:(3): 651–659. 3043: 3007: 3001:978-0323155601 3000: 2976: 2970:978-1466503434 2969: 2949: 2940:"Tetrodotoxin" 2931: 2884: 2841: 2826: 2796: 2757:(12): e27581. 2737: 2701: 2662:(6): e100718. 2642: 2623:(8): 1019–24. 2607: 2602:Sigma-Aldrich 2595: 2566:(5): 965–974. 2546: 2515:(2): 693–755. 2468: 2409: 2372:(7): 645–667. 2352: 2266: 2225:(1–2): 61–72. 2152: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2072: 2064: 2061: 1973:Covert Affairs 1877: 1874: 1860: 1859: 1820:of the subject 1818:worldwide view 1813: 1811: 1804: 1798: 1795: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1756:trimethylsilyl 1743: 1740: 1721: 1720:Fugu as a food 1718: 1692: 1689: 1637:Gulf of Mexico 1631: 1628: 1558:abdominal pain 1522:incoordination 1502: 1499: 1451:Pen-T’so Ching 1433: 1430: 1379: 1370: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1311: 1308: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1263: 1260: 1211: 1208: 1166: 1165: 1163: 1157: 1149: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1137: 1136:(arrow worms) 1129: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1113: 1104: 1103: 1101: 1094: 1085: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1074: 1068: 1062: 1054: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1030: 1024: 1004: 1003:, a gastropod 995: 994: 992: 991: 990: 984: 976: 967: 966: 963: 960: 857: 856: 845: 834: 830:Brachycephalus 825: 816: 804: 797: 790: 789:(arrow worms), 783: 776: 763: 762:(moon snails), 756: 747: 740: 733: 721: 712: 709: 606:that includes 594:) is a potent 583: 580: 579: 574: 552: 551: 547:standard state 544: 541: 540: 534: 528: 527: 524: 518: 512: 506: 501: 496: 493: 492: 488: 487: 485: 484: 478: 476: 473: 465: 464: 463: 460: 459: 457: 456: 452: 449: 448: 446: 442: 439: 438: 430: 429: 428: 425: 424: 422: 421: 413:DTXSID10881342 408: 406: 394: 391: 390: 388: 387: 379: 377: 371: 370: 368: 367: 359: 357: 349: 346: 345: 343: 342: 334: 332: 326: 325: 323: 322: 314: 312: 307: 304: 303: 293: 285: 284: 282: 281: 273: 271: 265: 264: 262: 261: 253: 251: 245: 244: 242: 241: 233: 231: 225: 224: 222: 221: 210: 202: 200: 193: 190: 189: 187: 186: 178: 176: 171: 168: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 111: 105: 104: 100: 99: 91: 90: 75: 74: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12542: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12480:Ichthyotoxins 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12457: 12455: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12431: 12428: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12411:its compounds 12408: 12405: 12401: 12397: 12396: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12375: 12373: 12369: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12347:Tetanospasmin 12345: 12343: 12342:T-2 mycotoxin 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12272:Batrachotoxin 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12239: 12237: 12233: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12216:Allyl alcohol 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12182: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12143: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12081:Chloroacetone 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12066:Benzyl iodide 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12020:Xylyl bromide 12018: 12017: 12015: 12013: 12007: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11808:Butyrophenone 11806: 11804: 11801: 11798: 11795: 11794: 11792: 11790: 11784: 11778: 11777:o-Dianisidine 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11743: 11740: 11739: 11737: 11735: 11731: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11624:Cadmium oxide 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11579: 11576: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11528: 11522: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11485: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11473:Batrachotoxin 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11391: 11388: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11374: 11371: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11357: 11356:Tetanospasmin 11354: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11331: 11329: 11327: 11323: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11231: 11228: 11225: 11222: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11104: 11102: 11098: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11018: 11016: 11012: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10918: 10914: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10869: 10867: 10865: 10861: 10855: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10845: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10780: 10778: 10776: 10772: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10729: 10726: 10723: 10720: 10717: 10714: 10711: 10708: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10694: 10691: 10690: 10688: 10686: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10673: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10649: 10647: 10643: 10636: 10633: 10632: 10630: 10628: 10627:Nettle agents 10624: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10599: 10597: 10595: 10591: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10569: 10566: 10565: 10563: 10561: 10557: 10551: 10548: 10545: 10542: 10539: 10536: 10533: 10530: 10527: 10524: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10514: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10501: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10429:Cacodyl oxide 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10414: 10411: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10390: 10386: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10365: 10364: 10358: 10353: 10351: 10346: 10344: 10339: 10338: 10335: 10323: 10315: 10314: 10311: 10305: 10302: 10301: 10298: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10257: 10256: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10219:Samandaridine 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10193: 10192:Marinobufagin 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10169: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10162:Batrachotoxin 10160: 10158: 10155: 10154: 10152: 10148: 10143: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10122: 10117: 10114: 10110: 10106: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10072: 10070: 10066: 10061: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10023: 10020: 10019: 10018: 10015: 10014: 10012: 10008: 10003: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9916:Charybdotoxin 9914: 9912: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9902: 9897: 9894: 9890: 9886: 9880: 9877: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9864: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9827:Solauricidine 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9772:Protoanemonin 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9757:Oenanthotoxin 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9655: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9633:Trichothecene 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9593:Ibotenic acid 9591: 9589: 9586: 9583: 9579: 9575: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9536:beta-amanitin 9533: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9516: 9512: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9483: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9460: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9440: 9436: 9433: 9432: 9431: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9419: 9407: 9403: 9400: 9399: 9398: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9386: 9385: 9384: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9372: 9371: 9370: 9369: 9365: 9364: 9362: 9360: 9356: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9331: 9330:Cholera toxin 9328: 9326: 9324: 9320: 9317: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9303: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9276: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9229: 9221: 9218: 9217: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9207: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9195: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9179:Anthrax toxin 9177: 9176: 9174: 9168: 9160: 9157: 9156: 9155: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9137: 9136: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9117: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9102:Tetanospasmin 9100: 9099: 9098: 9097: 9093: 9092: 9090: 9086: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9041: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8999: 8998: 8995: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8982: 8977: 8975: 8970: 8969: 8966: 8956: 8955: 8951: 8948: 8942: 8931: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8919: 8913: 8906: 8902: 8901: 8899: 8894: 8888: 8885: 8881: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8851:Niflumic acid 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8815: 8812: 8808: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8765: 8761: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8744:Glibenclamide 8742: 8741: 8739: 8737: 8733: 8730: 8725: 8719: 8709: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8697: 8691: 8690:Niflumic acid 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8675:Glibenclamide 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8634: 8631: 8626: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8611: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8557: 8551: 8541: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8501: 8498: 8493: 8487: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8471:Grayanotoxins 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8461:Batrachotoxin 8459: 8456: 8452: 8448: 8447:ω-Atracotoxin 8444: 8442: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8430: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8413: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8398:Buprenorphine 8396: 8393: 8392: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8363: 8362: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8149: 8146: 8145: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8131:Valproic acid 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8076:Oxitriptyline 8074: 8072: 8071:Oxcarbazepine 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8061:Licarbazepine 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8016:Carbamazepine 8014: 8012: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7911: 7910: 7907: 7904: 7903:Antianginals: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7892: 7889: 7884: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7869: 7855: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7836:Norfluoxetine 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7810: 7807: 7802: 7796: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7770:Niflumic acid 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7740: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7708: 7705: 7700: 7691: 7681: 7678: 7673: 7667: 7666: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7622:Levcromakalim 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7590: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7572: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7417:Acetohexamide 7415: 7410: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7389: 7384: 7378: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7341: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7312: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7262:Roxithromycin 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7099: 7095: 7094: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6955:Charybdotoxin 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6904: 6901: 6896: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6837:Trimethadione 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6677:Diproteverine 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6554: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6536:Ruthenium red 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6511:Levetiracetam 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6461:ω-Agatoxin TK 6459: 6456: 6455: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6431:Niflumic acid 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6412: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6399: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6382: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6323: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6052:Levamlodipine 6050: 6048: 6047:Lercanidipine 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5936: 5931: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5905: 5900: 5898: 5893: 5891: 5886: 5885: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5845: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5607:(6): 747–53. 5606: 5602: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5412: 5411: 5397: 5391: 5387: 5380: 5372: 5366: 5362: 5361: 5353: 5351: 5335: 5331: 5330: 5325: 5318: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5293: 5286: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5226: 5210: 5204: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5161: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5116: 5109: 5103: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5072:(8): 510–14. 5071: 5067: 5059: 5052: 5047: 5045:0-7890-0553-0 5041: 5037: 5030: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4971: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4954:(4): 420–49. 4953: 4949: 4945: 4938: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4881: 4875: 4871: 4864: 4856: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4837: 4823:on 2016-07-09 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4803: 4801: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4777:(2): 129–32. 4776: 4772: 4765: 4763: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4739:(8): 747–49. 4738: 4734: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4714: 4710: 4702: 4694: 4690: 4682: 4680: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4651: 4637:on 2015-09-23 4633: 4629: 4622: 4620: 4611: 4603: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4569: 4561: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4527: 4512: 4508: 4501: 4499: 4490: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4474: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4449: 4447:9781851094905 4443: 4439: 4438: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4415:(3): 428–34. 4414: 4410: 4403: 4395: 4389: 4381: 4380: 4372: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4309: 4307:9780702053627 4303: 4299: 4292: 4284: 4278: 4270: 4266: 4263:(3): 175–84. 4262: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4198: 4190: 4188:0-07-146891-9 4184: 4180: 4173: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4143: 4137: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4104:(7): 987–98. 4103: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4029: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3990: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3920: 3912: 3908: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3862: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3827: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3806: 3798: 3784:on 2016-03-04 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3430: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3405:(5): 147–54. 3404: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3262:(3): 243–49. 3261: 3257: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3192:(2): 191–94. 3191: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3142:(4): 625–30. 3141: 3137: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3106:(3): 327–32. 3105: 3101: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3047: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3024:(3): 772–80. 3023: 3019: 3011: 3003: 2997: 2993: 2992: 2987: 2980: 2972: 2966: 2962: 2961: 2953: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2827:9780120164189 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2800: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2741: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2705: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2550: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2387:11568/1013333 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2356: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2256:on 2016-03-05 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2213: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2153: 2141: 2137: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2047:Haitian Vodou 2044: 2043: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2027: 2026:ethnobotanist 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2010:Tell My Horse 2007: 2006:Haitian Vodou 2003: 1997: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1958: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1866:select agents 1856: 1853: 1845: 1842:February 2017 1835: 1831: 1827: 1821: 1819: 1812: 1803: 1802: 1794: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1768: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1742:Food analysis 1739: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1728: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1698: 1688: 1686: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1534:loss of voice 1531: 1528:, paralysis, 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1498: 1496: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1438: 1429: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1377: 1373: 1366: 1362: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1324:Yoshito Kishi 1321: 1317: 1307: 1305: 1299: 1297: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1243: 1241: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1175: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1093:, a starfish 1092: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033:Tenacibaculum 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1002: 1001: 997: 996: 993: 988: 985: 982: 979: 978: 977: 974: 973: 969: 968: 964: 961: 958: 957: 949: 945: 940: 938: 937: 932: 931: 926: 925: 920: 919: 914: 913: 908: 907: 901: 896: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 869: 867: 863: 854: 850: 846: 843: 839: 835: 832: 831: 826: 823: 822: 817: 814: 813: 809:of the genus 808: 805: 802: 798: 795: 791: 788: 784: 781: 780:xanthid crabs 777: 774: 773: 768: 764: 761: 757: 754: 753: 748: 745: 741: 738: 734: 731: 727: 723: 722: 720: 718: 708: 706: 705:voltage clamp 703: 699: 695: 694:John W. Moore 691: 686: 683: 680: 676: 672: 668: 663: 660: 658: 657: 652: 651: 646: 645: 640: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 616:ocean sunfish 613: 612:porcupinefish 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 577: 570: 565: 548: 542: 535: 533: 530: 529: 502: 499: 495: 494: 489: 481: 477: 472: 471: 468: 461: 447: 437: 436: 433: 426: 418: 414: 410: 409: 407: 397: 393: 392: 385: 381: 380: 378: 376: 373: 372: 365: 361: 360: 358: 352: 348: 347: 340: 336: 335: 333: 331: 328: 327: 320: 316: 315: 313: 310: 306: 305: 301: 297: 294: 292: 290:ECHA InfoCard 287: 286: 279: 275: 274: 272: 270: 267: 266: 259: 255: 254: 252: 250: 247: 246: 239: 235: 234: 232: 230: 227: 226: 219: 214: 211: 208: 204: 203: 201: 197: 192: 191: 184: 180: 179: 177: 174: 170: 169: 164: 156: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 110: 106: 101: 97: 92: 88: 83: 80:Tetrodotoxin 71: 68: 60: 57:February 2016 50: 44: 43: 39: 32: 23: 22: 19: 12352:Tetrodotoxin 12351: 12302:Grayanotoxin 12086:Bromoacetone 12076:Thiophosgene 12031:Mace (spray) 12025:Pepper spray 12010:Lachrymatory 11995:Fluphenazine 11990:Procarbazine 11900:Sleeping gas 11748:Chloropicrin 11659:Nitric oxide 11561:Chloropicrin 11505:Cloflubicyne 11468:Oxotremorine 11417:Antillatoxin 11396:Tetrodotoxin 11395: 11345:Bungarotoxin 11241:Nitromethane 11203:Formaldoxime 11142:Cyclohexanol 11107:Acetonitrile 10854:GV (EA-5365) 10676:Nerve agents 10479:Lactonitrile 10389:Blood agents 10378:riot control 10303: 10282:Calcicludine 10272:Calciseptine 10255:Bungarotoxin 10224:Tarichatoxin 10223: 10172:Arenobufagin 10136:Tetrodotoxin 10135: 10095:Tetrodotoxin 10094: 10049:Vanillotoxin 9986:Phaiodotoxin 9889:Invertebrate 9812:Solasodamine 9747:Lotaustralin 9582:Fumonisin B4 9578:Fumonisin B2 9574:Fumonisin B1 9560:Cytochalasin 9462: 9442: 9394: 9380: 9374:Superantigen 9366: 9322: 9210:Streptolysin 9151: 9132: 9113: 9094: 8946: 8945: 8856:Talniflumate 8394: 8383:Tetrodotoxin 8382: 8373:Neosaxitoxin 8364: 8309: 8283:Propoxycaine 8218:Dimethocaine 8151: 8147: 8116:Valnoctamide 8046:Fosphenytoin 8007: 7981:Procainamide 7971:Pilsicainide 7926:Disopyramide 7912: 7902: 7750: 7718: 7668: 7582: 7550:Ethosuximide 7535:Cloperastine 7513: 7482:Metahexamide 7477:Glycyclamide 7437:Glibornuride 7402: 7351: 7313: 7292:Thioridazine 7247:Promethazine 7232:Orphenadrine 7222:Ketoconazole 7207:Erythromycin 7096: 6859: 6787:Phensuximide 6767:Ochratoxin A 6707:Ethosuximide 6633: 6555:-selective ( 6547: 6457: 6414: 6401: 6383: 6332:ω-Conotoxins 6325: 6275: 6257:Norverapamil 6222:Dexverapamil 6200: 6174:derivatives: 6170: 6167:Vatanidipine 6162:Trombodipine 6127:Palonidipine 6112:Nitrendipine 6067:Mepirodipine 5972:Azelnidipine 5955: 5949: 5862:at the U.S. 5860:Bad Bug Book 5856:Tetrodotoxin 5840:Tetrodotoxin 5811:(1): 51–54. 5808: 5804: 5790:(2): 73–74. 5787: 5783: 5753:(1): 75–88. 5750: 5746: 5720: 5716: 5686:(1): 13–21. 5683: 5679: 5662: 5658: 5641: 5637: 5604: 5600: 5576:(2): 85–90. 5573: 5569: 5563: 5559: 5540: 5536: 5511: 5507: 5470: 5466:Marine Drugs 5464: 5423: 5419: 5385: 5379: 5359: 5338:. Retrieved 5327: 5317: 5306:. Retrieved 5295: 5285: 5275:November 19, 5273:. Retrieved 5255: 5243:. Retrieved 5225: 5213:. Retrieved 5203: 5191:. Retrieved 5187:the original 5182: 5172: 5160: 5148:. Retrieved 5143: 5134: 5122:. Retrieved 5115:the original 5102: 5069: 5065: 5058: 5049: 5035: 5029: 4992: 4989:Marine Drugs 4988: 4978: 4951: 4947: 4937: 4902: 4898: 4888: 4869: 4863: 4843: 4836: 4825:. Retrieved 4821:the original 4816: 4812: 4774: 4770: 4736: 4732: 4701: 4693:the original 4666:. Retrieved 4660: 4650: 4639:. Retrieved 4632:the original 4627: 4618: 4610: 4578: 4574: 4568: 4536: 4532: 4526: 4514:. Retrieved 4510: 4472: 4440:. ABC-CLIO. 4436: 4429: 4412: 4408: 4402: 4378: 4371: 4359:. Retrieved 4354: 4345: 4334:. Retrieved 4330: 4297: 4291: 4277:cite journal 4260: 4256: 4223:. Retrieved 4211: 4207: 4197: 4178: 4172: 4159: 4150: 4136: 4101: 4097: 4087: 4079: 4042: 4039:Marine Drugs 4038: 4028: 4003: 3999: 3989: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3910: 3900: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3786:. Retrieved 3779:the original 3761:(1): 49–75. 3758: 3754: 3738: 3703: 3699: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3612: 3608: 3598: 3571: 3567: 3557: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3454: 3450: 3402: 3398: 3388: 3379: 3370: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3284: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3227:(1): 51–63. 3224: 3220: 3214: 3189: 3185: 3172: 3139: 3135: 3128: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3056: 3052: 3046: 3021: 3017: 3010: 2990: 2985: 2979: 2959: 2952: 2943: 2934: 2925: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2854: 2850: 2844: 2809: 2805: 2799: 2754: 2750: 2740: 2718:(1): 73–79. 2715: 2711: 2704: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2620: 2616: 2610: 2598: 2563: 2559: 2549: 2512: 2508: 2426: 2423:Marine Drugs 2422: 2412: 2369: 2365: 2355: 2318: 2315:Marine Drugs 2314: 2258:. Retrieved 2251:the original 2222: 2218: 2140: 2116:Okadaic acid 2106:Neosaxitoxin 2050: 2040: 2031:in his 1985 2009: 1998: 1991: 1979:Inside No. 9 1977: 1971: 1965: 1955: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1913: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1879: 1868:list of the 1863: 1848: 1839: 1815: 1788: 1777: 1774: 1767:separation. 1765: 1745: 1725: 1723: 1714: 1702: 1694: 1682: 1672: 1665: 1658: 1644: 1633: 1613: 1598: 1595: 1507: 1504: 1492: 1481: 1474: 1464: 1450: 1443: 1426: 1403: 1392: 1358: 1313: 1300: 1288: 1277:Cytobacillus 1275: 1271: 1265: 1262:Biosynthesis 1256:cell culture 1244: 1236: 1228:neosaxitoxin 1218:of the fast 1215: 1213: 1210:Biochemistry 1200: 1194: 1172: 1169: 1159: 1141: 1134:Chaetognatha 1121: 1117: 1107: 1096: 1088: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1058: 1047: 1036: 1032: 1026: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 998: 986: 980: 970: 934: 928: 922: 916: 910: 904: 897: 885:ribbon worms 881:chaetognaths 870: 865: 861: 859: 852: 841: 838:eastern newt 828: 819: 810: 787:Chaetognatha 770: 769:, including 750: 729: 728:, including 714: 700:, using the 687: 664: 661: 654: 648: 642: 591: 588:Tetrodotoxin 587: 586: 258:ChEMBL507974 166:Identifiers 158:Other names 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 63: 54: 35: 18: 12515:Zwitterions 12490:Orthoesters 12362:Veratridine 12337:Shiga toxin 12292:Domoic acid 12155:Thioacetone 12121:Iodoacetone 11985:Pentazocine 11980:Sevoflurane 11945:CAR-302,668 11940:CAR-302,282 11935:CAR-302,196 11930:CAR-301,060 11925:CAR-226,086 11905:Carfentanil 11803:Apomorphine 11724:Green Cross 11515:Domoic acid 11326:Neurotoxins 11246:OPA mixture 11137:Chlorosoman 11132:Chlorosarin 11066:Phospholine 10765:Crotylsarin 10750:Fluorotabun 10722:Chlorosoman 10704:Chlorosarin 10245:Snake venom 10199:Epibatidine 10187:Cinobufagin 10044:Stromatoxin 9991:Imperatoxin 9941:Scyllatoxin 9847:Tagetitoxin 9842:Swainsonine 9832:Solauricine 9797:Solamargine 9792:Scopolamine 9782:Retronecine 9648:Zearalenone 9316:Shiga toxin 9287:Cord factor 9126:Enterotoxin 9121:Alpha toxin 9115:perfringens 9107:Tetanolysin 9085:Clostridium 9022:hepatotoxin 9012:enterotoxin 9002:cardiotoxin 8522:Triamterene 8476:Poneratoxin 8466:Ciguatoxins 8353:Raxatrigine 8348:Ralfinamide 8343:PF-05089771 8338:PF-04531083 8310:Analgesics: 8268:Piperocaine 8253:Meprylcaine 8248:Mepivacaine 8203:Cinchocaine 8182:Ropivacaine 8174:Bupivacaine 8101:Sipatrigine 8086:Pheneturide 8081:Phenacemide 8066:Mephenytoin 8051:Lamotrigine 8031:Elpetrigine 7986:Propafenone 7931:Dronedarone 7507:Tolbutamide 7497:Repaglinide 7492:Nateglinide 7487:Mitiglinide 7467:Glisoxepide 7452:Glimepiride 7442:Glicaramide 7422:Carbutamide 7324:Linopirdine 7307:Vernakalant 7297:Tolterodine 7287:Terfenadine 7277:Tamulotoxin 7272:Solifenacin 7242:PNU-282,987 7217:Haloperidol 7212:Gigactonine 7192:Domperidone 7177:Darifenacin 7142:Bedaquiline 7127:Azaspiracid 7090:Vernakalant 7025:Linopirdine 6985:Dronedarone 6975:Dendrotoxin 6960:Clamikalant 6832:Tolperisone 6827:Tetrandrine 6817:Sipatrigine 6812:Silperisone 6797:Prenylamine 6737:Lidoflazine 6692:Elpetrigine 6602:Mirogabalin 6506:Lamotrigine 6501:Flunarizine 6496:Efonidipine 6486:Cinnarizine 6481:Cilnidipine 6436:NNC 55-0396 6362:Ralfinamide 6309:Fantofarone 6304:Dronedarone 6289:Budiodarone 6284:Brinazarone 6247:Levemopamil 6147:Sornidipine 6142:Sagandipine 6132:Pranidipine 6107:Nisoldipine 6097:Nilvadipine 6087:Niguldipine 6077:Nicardipine 6042:Lemildipine 6027:Iganidipine 6022:Furnidipine 5987:Cronidipine 5982:Clevidipine 5977:Barnidipine 5967:Aranidipine 5265:Square Enix 5235:Square Enix 5051:dependence. 4668:19 November 4331:www.cdc.gov 3744:Woodward RB 2101:Domoic acid 2075:Tetrodocain 1976:and in the 1954:(2009) and 1898:(2010) and 1883:Hello Again 1679:New Zealand 1670:on a dare. 1582:convulsions 1530:bluish skin 1294:example of 1152:Species of 1071:Pseudomonas 1059:Alteromonas 1027:Marinomonas 930:Pseudomonas 918:Alteromonas 906:Actinomyces 799:a polyclad 792:species of 785:species of 772:Astropecten 758:species of 755:gastropods, 749:species of 707:technique. 702:sucrose gap 650:Pseudomonas 632:moon snails 620:triggerfish 491:Properties 296:100.022.236 12505:Analgesics 12454:Categories 12312:Maitotoxin 12307:Guanitoxin 12287:Ciguatoxin 12282:Brevetoxin 12267:Anatoxin-a 12262:Aflatoxins 12175:Putrescine 12170:Cadaverine 12146:Malodorant 11970:Isoflurane 11955:Desflurane 11950:Benperidol 11895:Psilocybin 11890:PAVA spray 11572:Diphosgene 11525:Pulmonary/ 11453:Picrotoxin 11412:Strychnine 11406:Brevetoxin 11390:Maitotoxin 11373:Guanitoxin 11367:Ciguatoxin 11334:Anatoxin-a 11267:Pinacolone 11100:Precursors 11061:Selenophos 10917:Carbamates 10833:Chinese VX 10739:Cyclosarin 10728:Ethylsarin 10699:Sarin (GB) 10550:Lewisite 3 10544:Lewisite 2 10513:Arsenicals 10277:Taicatoxin 10214:Samandarin 10167:Bufotoxins 10131:Ciguatoxin 10109:Vertebrate 10054:Huwentoxin 10034:Cupiennins 10017:Latrotoxin 9961:Kaliotoxin 9931:Margatoxin 9921:Maurotoxin 9862:Toxalbumin 9852:Tinyatoxin 9837:Strychnine 9822:Solasonine 9817:Solasodine 9802:Solanidine 9722:Falcarinol 9707:Delphinine 9623:Phalloidin 9613:Ochratoxin 9608:Orellanine 9598:Lolitrem B 9565:Ergotamine 9515:Mycotoxins 9359:Mechanisms 9318:/Verotoxin 9255:Exfoliatin 9215:Leukocidin 9032:phototoxin 9027:neurotoxin 8826:Bumetanide 8764:Activators 8754:Piretanide 8749:Lonidamine 8700:Activators 8685:Mibefradil 8680:Mefloquine 8670:Furosemide 8665:Fluoxetine 8645:Crofelemer 8532:Activators 8455:Versutoxin 8451:Robustoxin 8433:Activators 8418:Safinamide 8368:Conotoxins 8303:Trimecaine 8298:Tetracaine 8273:Prilocaine 8263:Orthocaine 8238:Iontocaine 8233:Hexylcaine 8228:Etidocaine 8169:Benzocaine 8159:Amylocaine 8141:Zonisamide 8136:Valpromide 8106:Topiramate 8096:Rufinamide 8056:Lacosamide 8021:Cenobamate 7976:Prajmaline 7966:Moricizine 7961:Mexiletine 7956:Lorcainide 7941:Flecainide 7906:Ranolazine 7846:Activators 7831:Fluoxetine 7775:Nimesulide 7757:-specific: 7743:Activators 7725:-specific: 7677:-specific: 7657:Rilmakalim 7647:Nicorandil 7607:Cromakalim 7594:-specific: 7575:Activators 7565:Tipepidine 7555:Ifenprodil 7530:Caramiphen 7522:-specific: 7502:Tolazamide 7462:Gliquidone 7447:Gliclazide 7414:-specific: 7367:Retigabine 7362:Flupirtine 7359:-specific: 7344:Activators 7321:-specific: 7302:Vanoxerine 7282:Terodiline 7267:Sertindole 7257:Ranolazine 7122:Astemizole 7112:Amiodarone 7080:Terikalant 7055:Pinokalant 7040:Nifekalant 7035:Maurotoxin 7030:Lolitrem B 7020:Kaliotoxin 6980:Dofetilide 6970:Dalazatide 6965:Conotoxins 6935:Amiodarone 6930:Almokalant 6852:Activators 6842:Valperinol 6822:Terodiline 6762:Naftopidil 6752:Mesuximide 6682:Enpiperate 6662:Cycleanine 6647:Bevantolol 6637:Bencyclane 6627:Pregabalin 6617:PD-299,685 6612:PD-217,014 6607:PD-200,347 6597:Imagabalin 6587:Gabapentin 6577:Atagabalin 6567:Arbaclofen 6526:Mibefradil 6521:Loperamide 6516:Lomerizine 6491:Dotarizine 6471:Benidipine 6451:Zonisamide 6367:Safinamide 6342:Caroverine 6294:Celivarone 6242:Gallopamil 6197:Siratiazem 6187:Iprotiazem 6177:Clentiazem 6157:Tiamdipine 6152:Teludipine 6117:Olradipine 6102:Nimodipine 6092:Niludipine 6082:Nifedipine 6072:Mesudipine 6062:Manidipine 6037:Lacidipine 6032:Isradipine 6017:Flordipine 6012:Felodipine 6007:Elnadipine 6002:Elgodipine 5992:Darodipine 5962:Amlodipine 5564:L. inermis 5514:: 165–83. 5340:2024-02-27 5308:2024-02-27 4827:2015-08-23 4641:2010-02-23 4581:(3): 247. 4505:Benzer T. 4488:0070202915 4336:2016-01-03 3788:2013-11-11 3615:(6): 410. 3307:: 165–83. 2812:: 141–61. 2429:(5): 316. 2260:2016-02-29 2132:References 2111:Neurotoxin 2091:Ciguatoxin 2086:Brevetoxin 2037:Wes Craven 2029:Wade Davis 1957:Alex Cross 1915:Miami Vice 1895:The A-Team 1797:Regulation 1487:James Cook 1410:pufferfish 1399:inhalation 1336:asymmetric 1285:Resistance 1279:gottheilii 1232:conotoxins 737:pufferfish 679:nerve cell 608:pufferfish 596:neurotoxin 532:Molar mass 480:zwitterion 384:3KUM2721U9 309:IUPHAR/BPS 269:ChemSpider 238:CHEBI:9506 213:zwitterion 194:3D model ( 173:CAS Number 109:IUPAC name 16:Neurotoxin 12407:Plutonium 12357:Volkensin 12332:Saxitoxin 12322:Palytoxin 12247:Aconitine 11975:Halothane 11965:Bufotenin 11960:Enflurane 11880:Kolokol-1 11860:Pethidine 11834:Etoxadrol 11819:Etorphine 11815:(CS-4640) 11799:(CS-4030) 11757:glycerine 11704:Salcomine 11463:Tremorine 11401:Aconitine 11384:Palytoxin 11362:Ryanodine 11339:Saxitoxin 11076:Ro 3-0422 10847:GV agents 10710:Thiosarin 10439:Phosphine 10182:Bufotenin 10177:Bufotalin 10147:Amphibian 10090:Saxitoxin 10080:Eledoisin 10075:Conotoxin 9946:Hefutoxin 9762:Oleandrin 9742:Linamarin 9732:Helenalin 9692:Cicutoxin 9687:Chaconine 9667:Amygdalin 9638:Vomitoxin 9588:Gliotoxin 9570:Fumonisin 9523:Aflatoxin 9486:Virulence 9422:Endotoxin 9153:botulinum 9134:difficile 9044:Bacterial 9017:hemotoxin 9007:cytotoxin 8947:See also: 8846:Mepacrine 8792:Ivacaftor 8708:Carbachol 8591:Ibuprofen 8581:Amiloride 8540:Solnatide 8512:Amiloride 8441:Aconitine 8403:Evenamide 8378:Saxitoxin 8293:Risocaine 8243:Lidocaine 8188:Butacaine 8164:Articaine 8091:Phenytoin 8001:Tocainide 7996:Sparteine 7991:Quinidine 7951:Lorajmine 7946:Lidocaine 7936:Encainide 7921:Aprindine 7662:Sarakalim 7652:Pinacidil 7642:Naminidil 7632:Minoxidil 7627:Mazokalim 7612:Diazoxide 7602:Bimakalim 7597:Aprikalim 7560:Tertiapin 7540:Clozapine 7457:Glipizide 7252:Quinidine 7202:Ergtoxins 7167:Cisapride 7157:BRL-32872 7137:Azimilide 7100:(KCNH2, K 7075:Tedisamil 7060:Quinidine 7050:Paxilline 7015:Inakalant 7010:Ibutilide 6995:Hanatoxin 6950:Bunaftine 6945:Bretylium 6940:Azimilide 6925:Adekalant 6884:Potassium 6866:Bay K8644 6807:Sesamodil 6757:Monatepil 6747:Manoalide 6742:Magnesium 6727:Imepitoin 6717:Fendiline 6697:Ethadione 6687:Eperisone 6667:Dauricine 6642:Berbamine 6553:δ subunit 6357:PD-173212 6272:Verapamil 6262:Ronipamil 6252:Nexopamil 6237:Falipamil 6232:Etripamil 6217:Devapamil 6212:Dagapamil 6192:Nictiazem 6182:Diltiazem 6172:Diltiazem 6122:Oxodipine 5858:from the 4516:23 August 4388:cite book 4361:23 August 4355:Catalogue 4220:1057-9419 3053:Evolution 2445:1660-3397 2404:204144112 2396:8755-9129 2121:Saxitoxin 2096:Conotoxin 2024:-trained 2002:zombieism 1982:episode " 1830:talk page 1651:saxitoxin 1554:diarrhoea 1470:tetraodon 1446:tetraodon 1418:diaphragm 1414:paralysis 1395:ingestion 1350:Poisoning 1322:in 1970. 1304:saxitoxin 1268:saxitoxin 1254:within a 1224:Saxitoxin 1189:), using 1037:aestuarii 981:Aeromonas 912:Aeromonas 760:Naticidae 752:Nassarius 744:angelfish 717:bacterial 682:membranes 636:symbiotic 183:4368-28-9 38:citations 12475:Alcohols 12416:Polonium 12317:Modeccin 12226:Acrolein 12191:Lewisite 12096:Acrolein 11920:CS-27349 11870:Ibogaine 11753:Litharge 11742:Adamsite 11719:Diborane 11709:Fluomine 11689:Ethenone 11584:Acrolein 11551:Fluorine 11545:Phosgene 11535:Chlorine 10935:EA-3887A 10907:C01-A042 10902:C01-A039 10897:C01-A035 10775:V-agents 10685:G-agents 10570:(EA-229) 10538:Lewisite 10397:Cyanogen 10322:Category 10085:Onchidal 10065:Mollusca 9976:Bestoxin 9971:Birtoxin 9936:Slotoxin 9926:Agitoxin 9901:Scorpion 9857:Tomatine 9807:Solanine 9752:Mimosine 9727:Gossypol 9712:Divicine 9677:Antiarin 9672:Anisatin 9603:Muscimol 9555:Citrinin 9528:Amatoxin 9474:Cry34Ab1 9402:AB toxin 9396:type III 9308:negative 9066:positive 9055:Exotoxin 8932:instead. 8907:instead. 8818:Blockers 8810:Unsorted 8736:Blockers 8637:Blockers 8614:Chloride 8576:A-317567 8568:Blockers 8517:Benzamil 8504:Blockers 8333:NKTR-171 8328:GDC-0276 8323:Funapide 8318:DSP-2230 8313:AZD-3161 8278:Procaine 8193:Butamben 8041:Ethotoin 7916:Ajmaline 7895:Blockers 7854:Riluzole 7813:Blockers 7711:Blockers 7617:Emakalim 7395:Blockers 7237:Pimozide 7107:Ajmaline 6907:Blockers 6722:Fostedil 6652:Canadine 6622:Phenibut 6582:Baclofen 6531:NP078585 6476:Bepridil 6314:SR-33805 6267:Tiapamil 6227:Emopamil 6207:Anipamil 5942:Blockers 5825:12563582 5796:14985845 5775:17185707 5708:23055817 5700:25410493 5671:25551594 5629:22726109 5621:16897761 5592:22688023 5528:23261990 5499:26492253 5452:24566728 5334:Archived 5302:Archived 5269:Archived 5245:July 13, 5239:Archived 5124:17 March 5094:11221499 5086:21575032 5021:22412801 4970:18243639 4929:21655148 4713:Archived 4511:Medscape 4421:11613509 4269:10485519 4166:(NIOSH). 4128:23840469 4120:23980434 4071:22073009 4020:13129349 3981:15366086 3946:12862474 3775:98806870 3746:(1964). 3730:35580905 3676:18067939 3641:34207879 3590:32896120 3549:21543051 3429:18941294 3362:30049784 3346:(6412). 3321:23261990 3276:15302530 3164:84437298 3120:84188968 3081:28567972 2879:14148429 2791:22164212 2751:PLOS ONE 2732:15581685 2696:24963791 2656:PLOS ONE 2590:14155438 2541:24566728 2463:37233510 2454:10221257 2347:26492253 2247:21543051 2063:See also 1927:MacGyver 1918:(1985), 1904:(2014), 1892:(1988), 1886:(1987), 1824:You may 1784:migraine 1780:migraine 1624:USAMRIID 1616:antidote 1550:vomiting 1542:seizures 1518:sweating 1495:Unit 731 1456:Shennong 1355:Toxicity 1272:Bacillus 1154:Nemertea 1065:Bacillus 1021:shilonii 987:Bacillus 983:sp. Ne-1 962:Bacteria 924:Bacillus 821:Atelopus 812:Bipalium 801:flatworm 794:Nemertea 775:species, 767:starfish 765:several 742:certain 739:species, 735:various 639:bacteria 364:11174599 12165:Skatole 12160:Allicin 11875:EA-3834 11865:EA-3580 11855:EA-3443 11850:EA-3167 11845:EA-2148 11829:CS-4297 11824:EA-2092 11813:EA-4941 11540:Bromine 11178:EA-1224 11158:EA-1250 11071:R-16661 11046:EA-2613 11041:EA-2098 11036:EA-2054 11031:EA-2012 11000:3152 CT 10990:TL-1317 10985:TL-1299 10980:TL-1238 10950:EA-4056 10945:EA-3990 10940:EA-3966 10930:EA-3887 10828:EA-1763 10788:EA-3148 10783:EA-2192 10760:EA-4352 10755:EA-1356 10489:Stibine 10240:Reptile 9702:Daphnin 9697:Coniine 9682:Brucine 9643:Zeranol 9618:Patulin 9465:toxins 9455:Cry3Bb1 9435:Lipid A 9382:type II 9323:E. coli 9075:Bacilli 8586:Aspirin 8408:Menthol 8395:Others: 8365:Toxins: 8208:Cocaine 7733:GAL-021 7353:KCNQ (K 7315:KCNQ (K 7132:AZD1305 7070:Sotalol 7065:ShK-186 7045:Notoxin 6732:JTV-519 6712:Fasudil 6441:ProTx I 6421:ABT-639 6408:SNX-482 6279:AH-1058 6276:Others: 5919:Calcium 5866:website 5767:9268607 5737:8585093 5717:Toxicon 5650:8609880 5549:2220511 5508:Toxicon 5490:4626696 5443:3942760 5215:25 July 5193:25 July 5012:3296997 4920:3108870 4791:2339427 4771:Toxicon 4753:3775790 4733:Toxicon 4595:7241765 4553:8585093 4533:Toxicon 4062:3210618 3892:4642371 3853:4642370 3721:9543476 3656:Toxicon 3632:8228330 3529:Bibcode 3506:6117457 3463:5328391 3420:2858367 3340:Science 3301:Toxicon 3256:Toxicon 3229:Bibcode 3206:1541587 3144:Bibcode 3073:2409442 3038:9535741 2944:PubChem 2902:Bibcode 2894:Science 2859:Bibcode 2851:Science 2836:4929140 2782:3229496 2759:Bibcode 2712:Toxicon 2687:4070999 2664:Bibcode 2637:1949060 2617:Toxicon 2581:2195365 2532:3942760 2338:4626696 2227:Bibcode 2022:Harvard 1939:CSI: NY 1736:viscera 1484:Captain 1432:History 1416:of the 1388:cyanide 1332:racemic 1240:cardiac 1183:ovaries 989:sp. W-3 873:animals 866:Pubchem 862:Science 853:Taricha 569:what is 567: ( 537:319.270 351:PubChem 278:9349691 215:: 12383:Napalm 12148:agents 12012:agents 11915:JB-336 11910:JB-318 11885:LSD-25 11841:(DMHP) 11789:agents 11448:A-8564 11408:(PbTX) 11358:(TeNT) 10975:TL-599 10965:T-1194 10960:T-1152 10955:T-1123 10724:(ClGD) 10706:(ClGB) 10617:TL-301 10419:Arsine 10112:toxins 10007:Spider 9981:BmKAEP 9951:HgeTx1 9892:toxins 9767:Persin 9660:toxins 9488:factor 9469:Cry6Aa 9461:Other 9450:Cry1Ac 9368:type I 9171:Other: 9096:tetani 9046:toxins 8997:Toxins 8883:Others 7872:Sodium 7525:Barium 7329:XE-991 7197:E-4031 7147:BeKm-1 7117:AmmTX3 7000:HgeTx1 6990:E-4031 6772:Osthol 6541:TROX-1 6426:ML-218 5852:(1999) 5846:(MeSH) 5823: 5794: 5773: 5765: 5735: 5706: 5698: 5669: 5648: 5627: 5619: 5590: 5547: 5526: 5497: 5487: 5450: 5440: 5420:Toxins 5392: 5367: 5167:. IMDb 5150:20 Feb 5092: 5084: 5042: 5019: 5009: 4968: 4927: 4917: 4876: 4851: 4789: 4751: 4593: 4551: 4485: 4481:–601. 4444: 4419: 4304: 4267: 4225:26 May 4218: 4185: 4126: 4118: 4069: 4059: 4018: 3979: 3944: 3890: 3851: 3773: 3728: 3718: 3674: 3639: 3629: 3609:Toxins 3588: 3547: 3504: 3498:785373 3496: 3461: 3427: 3417: 3360: 3319: 3274: 3204: 3162: 3118: 3079: 3071: 3036: 2998: 2967: 2927:venom. 2922:619451 2920: 2877: 2834: 2824: 2789: 2779: 2730: 2694: 2684: 2635: 2588: 2578: 2539: 2529: 2509:Toxins 2461: 2451: 2443: 2402: 2394: 2345: 2335: 2245: 2126:Tectin 1967:Archer 1936:leaf, 1921:Nikita 1709:zombie 1705:voodoo 1639:, and 1576:, and 1556:, and 1546:nausea 1540:, and 1526:tremor 1458:; but 1216:site 1 1187:muscle 1160:Vibrio 1118:Vibrio 1077:Vibrio 1050:, the 1009:Vibrio 959:Animal 948:strain 936:Vibrio 933:, and 883:, and 656:Vibrio 653:, and 630:, and 618:, and 564:verify 561: 467:SMILES 339:C11692 249:ChEMBL 103:Names 12371:Other 12327:Ricin 12242:Abrin 12201:KB-16 11488:IPTBO 11419:(ATX) 11392:(MTX) 11386:(PTX) 11375:(GTX) 11369:(CTX) 11352:(BTX) 11208:Nital 11014:Other 10892:A-262 10887:A-242 10882:A-234 10877:A-232 10872:A-208 10716:Soman 10712:(SGB) 10693:Tabun 10652:KB-16 10645:Other 10039:PhTx3 9956:HsTx1 9879:Tutin 9872:Ricin 9867:Abrin 9737:Ledol 9658:Plant 9250:delta 9198:Cocci 9159:Botox 8917:LGICs 8624:CaCCs 8596:PcTX1 8555:ASICs 7882:VGSCs 7152:BmTx3 7005:HsTx1 6894:VGKCs 5929:VDCCs 5771:S2CID 5704:S2CID 5625:S2CID 5118:(PDF) 5111:(PDF) 5090:S2CID 4635:(PDF) 4624:(PDF) 4124:S2CID 3782:(PDF) 3771:S2CID 3751:(PDF) 3502:S2CID 3202:JSTOR 3182:(PDF) 3160:S2CID 3116:S2CID 3069:JSTOR 2400:S2CID 2254:(PDF) 2215:(PDF) 2018:bokor 1970:, in 1948:. In 1945:Chuck 1832:, or 1732:chefs 1162:spp. 893:newts 641:like 604:order 602:, an 432:InChI 229:ChEBI 196:JSmol 12409:and 12027:(OC) 11744:(DM) 11574:(DP) 11563:(PS) 11547:(CG) 11498:TBPS 11493:TBPO 11341:(TZ) 11263:(TH) 11232:(DF) 11226:(SW) 11220:(TB) 11193:DMHP 11173:DEHP 11163:DIHP 11154:(KB) 11091:MSPI 10741:(GF) 10730:(GE) 10718:(GD) 10695:(GA) 10637:(CX) 10584:CEES 10552:(L3) 10546:(L2) 10534:(PD) 10528:(MD) 10522:(ED) 10415:(AC) 10409:(CK) 10121:Fish 10029:CSTX 9306:Gram 9246:beta 9064:Gram 8930:here 8928:See 8905:here 8903:See 8892:TRPs 8723:CFTR 8650:DIDS 8491:ENaC 8412:mint 7800:K2Ps 7671:GIRK 7516:GIRK 7382:IRKs 7098:hERG 6446:Z944 6372:Z160 5821:PMID 5792:PMID 5763:PMID 5733:PMID 5696:PMID 5667:PMID 5646:PMID 5617:PMID 5588:PMID 5545:PMID 5524:PMID 5495:PMID 5448:PMID 5390:ISBN 5365:ISBN 5277:2022 5247:2022 5217:2015 5195:2015 5152:2017 5126:2013 5082:PMID 5040:ISBN 5017:PMID 4966:PMID 4925:PMID 4874:ISBN 4849:ISBN 4787:PMID 4749:PMID 4670:2011 4591:PMID 4575:JAMA 4549:PMID 4518:2015 4483:ISBN 4442:ISBN 4417:PMID 4394:link 4363:2015 4302:ISBN 4283:link 4265:PMID 4227:2012 4216:ISSN 4212:02–2 4183:ISBN 4116:PMID 4067:PMID 4016:PMID 3977:PMID 3942:PMID 3888:PMID 3849:PMID 3726:PMID 3672:PMID 3637:PMID 3586:PMID 3545:PMID 3494:PMID 3459:PMID 3425:PMID 3358:PMID 3317:PMID 3272:PMID 3077:PMID 3034:PMID 2996:ISBN 2965:ISBN 2918:PMID 2875:PMID 2832:PMID 2822:ISBN 2787:PMID 2728:PMID 2692:PMID 2633:PMID 2586:PMID 2537:PMID 2459:PMID 2441:ISSN 2392:ISSN 2343:PMID 2243:PMID 2035:and 2033:book 1752:HPLC 1727:fugu 1697:fugu 1591:coma 1179:skin 1079:spp. 1073:spp. 1067:spp. 1061:spp. 1035:cf. 1019:cf. 965:Ref 836:the 692:and 375:UNII 330:KEGG 319:2616 12051:CNS 11580:(Z) 11122:AlP 11117:ATO 10612:HN3 10607:HN2 10602:HN1 10540:(L) 9996:Pi3 9966:Lq2 9406:AB5 8154:FBT 7587:ATP 7407:ATP 5813:doi 5755:doi 5725:doi 5688:doi 5609:doi 5578:doi 5516:doi 5485:PMC 5475:doi 5438:PMC 5428:doi 5074:doi 5007:PMC 4997:doi 4956:doi 4915:PMC 4907:doi 4779:doi 4741:doi 4583:doi 4579:246 4541:doi 4479:796 4106:doi 4088:myo 4057:PMC 4047:doi 4008:doi 4004:125 3969:doi 3934:doi 3930:125 3880:doi 3841:doi 3814:doi 3763:doi 3716:PMC 3708:doi 3664:doi 3627:PMC 3617:doi 3576:doi 3537:doi 3525:104 3486:doi 3415:PMC 3407:doi 3348:doi 3344:362 3309:doi 3264:doi 3237:doi 3225:288 3194:doi 3190:176 3152:doi 3108:doi 3104:100 3098:". 3061:doi 3026:doi 3022:244 2910:doi 2898:199 2867:doi 2855:144 2814:doi 2777:PMC 2767:doi 2720:doi 2682:PMC 2672:doi 2625:doi 2576:PMC 2568:doi 2527:PMC 2517:doi 2449:PMC 2431:doi 2382:hdl 2374:doi 2333:PMC 2323:doi 2235:doi 2223:104 2012:by 1990:In 1962:FBI 1912:", 1906:War 1677:of 1614:No 1382:of 1330:of 1191:PCR 1029:sp. 696:at 677:in 592:TTX 401:EPA 354:CID 144:,12 140:,10 136:,8a 116:,4a 40:to 12456:: 12196:CX 12046:CR 12041:CS 12036:CN 11797:BZ 11312:TG 11307:TC 11282:QL 11168:ZS 11112:AT 10823:VX 10818:VS 10813:VR 10808:VP 10803:VM 10798:VG 10793:VE 10745:GP 10734:GH 9576:, 9542:, 9538:, 9534:, 8952:• 8453:, 8449:, 8180:, 7754:Ca 7752:BK 7722:Ca 7720:BK 7697:Ca 7357:7) 7319:7) 6559:): 6274:; 6199:; 6169:; 5819:. 5809:21 5807:. 5788:45 5786:. 5769:. 5761:. 5751:38 5749:. 5731:. 5721:33 5719:. 5702:. 5694:. 5684:53 5682:. 5663:63 5661:. 5642:45 5640:. 5623:. 5615:. 5605:34 5603:. 5586:. 5574:53 5572:. 5568:. 5541:42 5539:. 5522:. 5512:63 5510:. 5493:. 5483:. 5471:13 5469:. 5463:. 5446:. 5436:. 5422:. 5418:. 5349:^ 5332:. 5326:. 5300:. 5294:. 5267:. 5263:. 5237:. 5233:. 5181:. 5142:. 5088:. 5080:. 5070:38 5068:. 5048:. 5015:. 5005:. 4993:10 4991:. 4987:. 4964:. 4952:35 4950:. 4946:. 4923:. 4913:. 4903:18 4901:. 4897:. 4817:32 4815:. 4811:. 4799:^ 4785:. 4775:28 4773:. 4761:^ 4747:. 4737:24 4735:. 4721:^ 4678:^ 4659:. 4626:. 4589:. 4577:. 4547:. 4537:33 4535:. 4509:. 4497:^ 4456:^ 4413:29 4411:. 4390:}} 4386:{{ 4353:. 4329:. 4316:^ 4279:}} 4275:{{ 4261:26 4259:. 4255:. 4235:^ 4210:. 4206:. 4162:. 4158:. 4122:. 4114:. 4100:. 4096:. 4065:. 4055:. 4041:. 4037:. 4014:. 4002:. 3998:. 3975:. 3965:43 3963:. 3940:. 3928:. 3909:. 3886:. 3876:94 3874:. 3868:DL 3847:. 3837:94 3835:. 3810:43 3808:. 3769:. 3757:. 3753:. 3724:. 3714:. 3704:97 3702:. 3698:. 3684:^ 3670:. 3660:51 3658:. 3635:. 3625:. 3613:13 3611:. 3607:. 3584:. 3572:83 3570:. 3566:. 3543:. 3535:. 3523:. 3500:. 3492:. 3482:19 3480:. 3455:18 3453:. 3437:^ 3423:. 3413:. 3403:84 3401:. 3397:. 3378:. 3356:. 3342:. 3338:. 3315:. 3305:63 3303:. 3270:. 3260:44 3258:. 3235:. 3223:. 3200:. 3188:. 3184:. 3158:. 3150:. 3140:94 3138:. 3114:. 3102:. 3075:. 3067:. 3057:44 3055:. 3032:. 3020:. 2942:. 2924:. 2916:. 2908:. 2896:. 2873:. 2865:. 2853:. 2830:. 2820:. 2810:18 2808:. 2785:. 2775:. 2765:. 2753:. 2749:. 2726:. 2716:45 2714:. 2690:. 2680:. 2670:. 2658:. 2654:. 2631:. 2621:29 2619:. 2584:. 2574:. 2564:47 2562:. 2558:. 2535:. 2525:. 2511:. 2507:. 2471:^ 2457:. 2447:. 2439:. 2427:21 2425:. 2421:. 2398:. 2390:. 2380:. 2370:36 2368:. 2364:. 2341:. 2331:. 2319:13 2317:. 2313:. 2269:^ 2241:. 2233:. 2221:. 2217:. 2156:^ 1924:, 1793:. 1593:. 1572:, 1552:, 1548:, 1536:, 1532:, 1524:, 1516:, 1380:50 1376:μg 1371:50 1369:LD 1258:. 1226:, 1185:, 1181:, 1017:V. 1015:, 927:, 921:, 915:, 909:, 895:. 647:, 626:, 614:, 610:, 513:17 507:11 132:,8 128:,7 124:,6 120:,5 112:(4 11755:- 10579:Q 10574:T 10356:e 10349:t 10342:v 10247:: 10242:/ 10149:: 10123:: 10067:: 10009:: 9903:: 9584:) 9572:( 9546:) 9530:( 9404:/ 9332:/ 9248:/ 9244:/ 9145:B 9140:A 9087:: 8987:e 8980:t 8973:v 8457:) 8414:) 8410:( 8184:) 8176:( 8152:p 7695:K 7585:K 7405:K 7355:v 7317:v 7102:v 6863:: 6551:2 6549:α 6418:: 6405:: 6387:: 6329:: 6204:: 5959:: 5953:: 5903:e 5896:t 5889:v 5827:. 5815:: 5798:. 5777:. 5757:: 5739:. 5727:: 5710:. 5690:: 5673:. 5652:. 5631:. 5611:: 5594:. 5580:: 5551:. 5530:. 5518:: 5501:. 5477:: 5454:. 5430:: 5424:6 5398:. 5373:. 5343:. 5311:. 5279:. 5249:. 5219:. 5197:. 5154:. 5128:. 5096:. 5076:: 5023:. 4999:: 4972:. 4958:: 4931:. 4909:: 4882:. 4857:. 4830:. 4793:. 4781:: 4755:. 4743:: 4672:. 4644:. 4597:. 4585:: 4555:. 4543:: 4520:. 4491:. 4450:. 4423:. 4396:) 4365:. 4339:. 4310:. 4285:) 4229:. 4191:. 4130:. 4108:: 4102:8 4092:D 4073:. 4049:: 4043:9 4022:. 4010:: 3983:. 3971:: 3948:. 3936:: 3894:. 3882:: 3855:. 3843:: 3820:. 3816:: 3791:. 3765:: 3759:9 3732:. 3710:: 3678:. 3666:: 3643:. 3619:: 3592:. 3578:: 3551:. 3539:: 3531:: 3508:. 3488:: 3465:. 3431:. 3409:: 3364:. 3350:: 3323:. 3311:: 3278:. 3266:: 3243:. 3239:: 3231:: 3208:. 3196:: 3166:. 3154:: 3146:: 3122:. 3110:: 3083:. 3063:: 3040:. 3028:: 3004:. 2973:. 2912:: 2904:: 2881:. 2869:: 2861:: 2838:. 2816:: 2793:. 2769:: 2761:: 2755:6 2734:. 2722:: 2698:. 2674:: 2666:: 2660:9 2639:. 2627:: 2592:. 2570:: 2543:. 2519:: 2513:6 2465:. 2433:: 2406:. 2384:: 2376:: 2349:. 2325:: 2263:. 2237:: 2229:: 1855:) 1849:( 1844:) 1840:( 1822:. 1367:( 1291:v 950:. 851:( 844:) 840:( 833:, 824:, 815:, 803:, 782:. 746:, 590:( 559:N 525:8 522:O 519:3 516:N 510:H 504:C 403:) 399:( 198:) 150:H 146:S 142:S 138:R 134:S 130:S 126:S 122:R 118:R 114:R 70:) 64:( 59:) 55:( 45:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.