125:
372:
104:
294:. The false trunks can reach up to 6 metres (20 ft) in height and up to 50 centimetres (20 in) in diameter. Small leaves grew from various points across the height of the trunk. This is in contrast to most
337:
would consist of a single stem, which would begin to branch off distally. A "mantle" of adventitious roots would then develop around the stems to support them. Later on, many of the stems would begin to
536:
478:
729:
finds were thought to be exclusive to the
Northern Hemisphere until specimens were discovered in Argentina and Australia, in 2003 and 2005, respectively.
342:, while the adventitious roots would still provide support and absorb water for the grown plant. This growth pattern has also been hypothesized for
868:"Tempskya in the Valanginian of South America (Mulichinco Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina) — Systematics, palaeoclimatology and palaeoecology"
435:
is the sole member of the family
Tempskyaceae. The family has been placed in the order "Filicales", which is now split into a number of orders of
1098:
325:
specimens shows that those with the largest trunks have the smallest number of stems, and vice versa. From this, a possible growth pattern of
745:
were frequently found fluvial deposited in gravel pits in
Germany. Its origin is not clear, in part they came certainly from Czech sites
1085:
777:
1167:
1001:
927:
836:
648:
Tidwell and
Hebbert,1992 Cedar Mountain Formation, Burro Canyon Formation, Utah, United States, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
768:
467:, while other species have an inner cortex with either discontinuous or continuous layers of sclerenchyma.
1162:
1152:
952:"A new tree fern stem, Tempskya zhangii sp. nov. (Tempskyaceae) from the Cretaceous of Northeast China"
124:
546:
406:
228:
825:"Oldest Known Dicotyledonous Lianas From the Early Late Cretaceous of Utah and New Mexico, U.S.A."
951:
914:
867:
258:. Fossils have been found across both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The growth habit of
1129:
1053:
550:
262:
was unlike that of any living fern or any other living plant, consisting of multiple conjoined
1103:
1025:
989:
824:
1157:
1124:
1116:
702:
436:
379:
263:
179:
508:
8:
632:
Arnold,1945 Kootenai
Formation, Montana, Oregon and Utah, United States, Early Cretaceous
606:
Ash and Read, 1976 Mojado
Formation, New Mexico, United States, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
460:
919:
802:
794:
712:
568:
119:
1111:
997:
923:
832:
806:
612:
Tidwell and
Hebbert 1992 Burro Canyon Formation, Utah, United States, mid Cretaceous
963:
887:
883:
879:
786:
639:
597:
554:
522:
444:
310:
967:
582:
Read and Brown 1937 Bear River
Formation, Wyoming, United States, Late Cretaceous
492:
1076:
829:
Plants in
Mesozoic time : morphological innovations, phylogeny, ecosystems
734:
279:
267:
189:
149:
1146:
464:
339:
61:
831:(illustrated ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 271.
619:
589:
409:
in 1845, from specimens found in what is now the Czech
Republic. The four
654:
Arnold, 1945 Utah, Wyoming and Colorado, United States, Lower Cretaceous?
512:
36:
660:
Yang, Liu et Cheng, 2017 Songliao Basin, Heliongjiang, China, Cretaceous
1090:
892:
798:
558:
440:
291:
287:
255:
244:
81:
46:
915:
Prehistoric life : the definitive visual history of life on earth
371:
359:
is thought to have grown in lowland environments close to water, like
987:
692:
623:
482:
398:
344:
330:
295:
251:
86:
1047:
501:
Nishida, 2001 Taneichi Formation, Japan, Late Cretaceous (Santonian)
298:, where typically large leaves grow from the top of the trunk. Thin
1070:
1032:. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. p. 108
790:
593:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
507:
Tidwell et Wright, 2003 emend. MartĂnez, MartĂnez and Olivo, 2015
410:
360:
91:
66:
459:
species into two groups, those with a simple cortex with only a
526:
383:
307:
996:(2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press. pp. 457–459.
994:
Paleobotany : the biology and evolution of fossil plants
988:
Taylor, Thomas N.; Taylor, Edith L.; Krings, Michael (2009).
738:
679:
Corda, 1845 Germany, Czech Republic, France, Lower Cretaceous
247:
136:
576:
Continuous bands of sclerenchyma in the inner cortex group:
950:
Yang, Xiaonan; Liu, Fengxiang; Cheng, Yeming (April 2018).
299:
169:
159:
103:
866:
MartĂnez, Leandro C.A.; Olivo, Mariana S. (August 2015).
767:
Tidwell, William D.; Hebbert, Naomi (September 1992).
766:
313:
show that they covered the upper part of the trunk.
1030:
New Upper Cretaceous Ostreidae From the Gulf Region
1026:"American Cretaceous Ferns of the Genus Tempskya"
266:stems enmeshed within roots that formed a "false
1144:
685:Velenovsky, 1888 Czech Republic, Cenomanian (?)
525:, New Mexico, United States, Early Cretaceous (
413:originally described by Corda were, in order:
397:by Stokes and Webb, who considered it to be a
316:
865:
443:, based on morphological similarities of the
949:
715:, Maryland, United States, Lower Cretaceous
302:have been discovered for the first time on
1023:
622:, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Valanginian to
557:, Utah, United States, Cretaceous (Albian-
447:and spores to some members of that order.
114:fossil slab and reconstruction on display
102:
891:
733:fossils have also been discovered in the
539:, Wyoming, United States, Late Cretaceous
439:. They have been suggested to members of
321:Examination of cross sections of various
567:Seward, 1924 Montana and Utah (possibly
393:was originally described in 1824 as the
370:
778:International Journal of Plant Sciences
762:
760:
758:
1145:
911:
818:
816:
673:Corda, 1845 Czech Republic, Cretaceous
642:, Australia, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
1052:
1051:
912:Palmer, Douglas; et al. (2009).
872:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
769:"Species of the Cretaceous Tree Fern
983:
981:
979:
977:
945:
943:
941:
939:
907:
905:
903:
861:
859:
857:
855:
755:
918:(1st American ed.). New York:
822:
813:
471:Parenchymatous inner cortex group:
286:was actually a large collection of
13:
1024:Stephenson, Lloyd William (1936).
600:) United States, Early Cretaceous?
306:specimens; the more commonly seen
14:
1179:
990:"Ferns and Early Fernlike Plants"
974:
936:
900:
852:
571:) United States, Early Cretaceous
521:Ash et Read, Ash and Read, 1976
491:Kidston and Gwynne Vaughan, 1911
209:Read et Brown ex L.C.A. MartĂnez
123:
34:
721:
511:, Argentina, Early Cretaceous (
495:, Kazakhstan, Upper Cretaceous?
1017:
884:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.04.002
273:
1:
1168:Fossil taxa described in 1845
968:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.11.016
748:
638:Clifford and Dettmann, 2005
7:
705:, England, Lower Cretaceous
366:
329:has been suggested: at the
317:Hypothesized growth pattern
29:Temporal range: Cretaceous
10:
1184:
695:, Germany, Late Cretaceous
545:Tidwell and Hebbert, 1992
481:, Japan, Late Cretaceous (
450:
351:
1060:
120:Scientific classification
118:
110:
101:
23:
691:Hosius and Marck, 1880,
547:Cedar Mountain Formation
455:Most taxonomists divide
407:August Carl Joseph Corda
378:sp. - Reconstruction at
823:Gee, Carole T. (2010).
701:,Stokes et Webb, 1915,
618:Barale and Viera, 1989
551:Burro Canyon Formation
437:leptosporangiate ferns
386:
254:that lived during the
16:Extinct genus of ferns
1125:Paleobiology Database
703:Lower Greensand Group
652:Tempskya wyomingensis
535:Read and Brown, 1937
463:inner cortex without
389:The first fossils of
380:MUSE - Science Museum
374:
264:dichotomous branching
32:Valanginian–Santonian
537:Bear River Formation
509:Mulichinco Formation
423:Tempskya microrrhiza
304:Tempskya wyomingense
956:Cretaceous Research
565:Tempskya knowltonii
505:Tempskya dernbachii
419:Tempskya macrocaula
1163:Ferns of Argentina
920:Dorling Kindersley
713:Patapsco Formation
677:Tempskya schimperi
569:Kootenai Formation
479:Taneichi Formation
475:Tempskya iwatensis
427:Tempskya schimperi
387:
292:adventitious roots
1153:Cretaceous plants
1140:
1139:
1112:Open Tree of Life
1054:Taxon identifiers
1003:978-0-12-373972-8
929:978-0-7566-5573-0
838:978-0-253-35456-3
689:Tempskya cretacea
646:Tempskya stichkae
636:Tempskya judithae
630:Tempskya wesselii
604:Tempskya reesidei
519:Tempskya zellerii
395:Endogenites erosa
256:Cretaceous period
236:
235:
232:
210:
1175:
1133:
1132:
1120:
1119:
1107:
1106:
1094:
1093:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
985:
972:
971:
947:
934:
933:
909:
898:
897:
895:
863:
850:
849:
847:
845:
820:
811:
810:
764:
683:Tempskya varians
671:Tempskya pulchra
658:Tempskya zhangii
640:Winton Formation
616:Tempskya riojana
598:Lakota Formation
586:Tempskya superba
580:Tempskya grandis
555:Dakota Formation
543:Tempskya jonesii
523:Mojado Formation
499:Tempskya uemurae
489:Tempskya rossica
415:Tempskya pulchra
363:and riverbanks.
227:
220:
208:
203:
128:
127:
106:
96:
33:
21:
20:
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1022:
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1006:
1004:
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975:
948:
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922:. p. 286.
910:
901:
864:
853:
843:
841:
839:
821:
814:
765:
756:
751:
724:
709:Tempskya whitei
666:Incertae sedis:
610:Tempskya readii
453:
369:
354:
319:
276:
226:
218:
207:
201:
122:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
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31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1181:
1171:
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1138:
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1135:
1134:
1121:
1108:
1095:
1082:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1044:
1043:
1016:
1002:
973:
935:
928:
899:
851:
837:
812:
791:10.1086/297057
785:(3): 513–528.
753:
752:
750:
747:
735:Czech Republic
723:
720:
719:
718:
717:
716:
706:
699:Tempskya erosa
696:
686:
680:
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655:
649:
643:
633:
627:
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607:
601:
583:
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562:
540:
533:Tempskya minor
530:
516:
502:
496:
486:
477:Nishida, 1986
461:parenchymatous
452:
449:
368:
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353:
350:
318:
315:
290:surrounded by
275:
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234:
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216:
212:
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195:
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191:incertae sedis
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
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170:Polypodiopsida
167:
163:
162:
160:Polypodiophyta
157:
153:
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55:
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15:
9:
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714:
711:Berry, 1991,
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588:Arnold, 1958
587:
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462:
458:
448:
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434:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
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408:
405:was named by
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349:
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150:Tracheophytes
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73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1158:Polypodiales
1061:
1034:. Retrieved
1029:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
993:
959:
955:
913:
875:
871:
842:. Retrieved
828:
782:
776:
770:
742:
730:
726:
725:
722:Fossil sites
708:
698:
688:
682:
676:
670:
665:
657:
651:
645:
635:
629:
620:Enciso Group
615:
609:
603:
590:Dawes County
585:
579:
564:
542:
532:
518:
504:
498:
488:
474:
465:sclerenchyma
456:
454:
432:
431:
426:
422:
418:
414:
402:
401:. The genus
394:
390:
388:
375:
356:
355:
343:
334:
326:
322:
320:
303:
283:
277:
259:
239:
238:
237:
222:
221:
205:Tempskyaceae
204:
190:
180:Polypodiidae
143:
111:
24:
18:
962:: 188–199.
893:11336/49538
878:: 116–131.
513:Valanginian
274:Description
1147:Categories
1036:25 January
1009:24 January
844:25 January
773:from Utah"
749:References
737:,2002 and
596:(possibly
559:Cenomanian
441:Cyatheales
311:leaf bases
308:fossilized
296:tree ferns
176:Subclass:
156:Division:
693:Westfalia
624:Barremian
483:Santonian
399:palm tree
345:Psaronius
331:sporeling
252:tree fern
133:Kingdom:
1077:Q3983361
1071:Wikidata
1062:Tempskya
807:55654367
771:Tempskya
743:Tempskya
731:Tempskya
727:Tempskya
594:Nebraska
493:Mugadjar
457:Tempskya
433:Tempskya
403:Tempskya
391:Tempskya
376:Tempskya
367:Taxonomy
361:wetlands
357:Tempskya
335:Tempskya
327:Tempskya
323:Tempskya
284:Tempskya
260:Tempskya
240:Tempskya
223:Tempskya
198:Family:
112:Tempskya
25:Tempskya
1117:4738678
1104:1046068
1091:4888279
799:2995693
741:,1986.
451:Species
445:petiole
411:species
352:Ecology
333:stage,
245:extinct
215:Genus:
186:Order:
166:Class:
137:Plantae
1130:207953
1000:
926:
835:
805:
797:
527:Albian
425:, and
384:Trento
300:leaves
243:is an
1099:IRMNG
803:S2CID
795:JSTOR
739:Japan
340:decay
288:stems
280:trunk
268:trunk
248:genus
229:Corda
144:Clade
1086:GBIF
1038:2012
1011:2012
998:ISBN
924:ISBN
846:2012
833:ISBN
278:The
231:1845
37:Preęž’
964:doi
888:hdl
880:doi
876:219
787:doi
783:153
382:in
282:of
270:".
250:of
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1127::
1114::
1101::
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1028:.
992:.
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960:84
958:.
954:.
938:^
902:^
886:.
874:.
870:.
854:^
827:.
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801:.
793:.
781:.
775:.
757:^
592:,
553:,
549:,
429:.
421:,
417:,
348:.
146::
87:Pg
1040:.
1013:.
970:.
966::
932:.
896:.
890::
882::
848:.
809:.
789::
626:)
561:)
529:)
515:)
485:)
219:â€
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