754:
village, upon and around the plateau of a low swell or mound between the Sărâr on the North and a smaller Wady on the South, are the manifest traces of an ancient site... Both the name and the position of this spot, seem to indicate the site of the ancient Beth-shemesh of the Old
Testament. That city is described by Eusebius and Jerome, as seen from the road leading from Eleutheropolis to Nicopolis ('Amwâs), at ten Roman miles from the former city; and as they assign nearly the same distances from Eleutheropolis to Zorah, Zanoah, and Jarmuth, it is obvious that Beth-shemesh lay in the vicinity of these places. And so we had already found it, surrounded by Zânû'a in the East, Sur'ah in the N. N. E. and Yarmûk in the S. W. Indeed, from the existence of these names, and their coincidence with the accounts of Eusebius and Jerome, we had been able chiefly to trace out and fix the site of Eleutheropolis at Beit Jibrîn. The words Beit (Beth) and 'Ain are so very common in the Arabic names of Palestine, that it can excite no wonder should there be an exchange, even without any obvious ground. In the same manner, the ancient Beth-shemesh (Heliopolis) of Egypt, is known in Arabian writers as 'Ain Shems; although at present the name is applied specifically, only to a well at some distance from its site.
422:
609:
60:
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floors and walls. Also, more than 44 royal seals identified with the period of King
Hezekiah were discovered in the hundreds of structures that were uncovered. According to Lederman's hypothesis, the site west of Beit Shemesh was a row of royal agricultural farms, which Hezekiah established mainly to produce olive oil. The salvage excavation indicates that, contrary to the accepted view, according to which the Judean plain was emptied of its Jewish population in the seventh century BC, Beit Shemesh had a high-level built settlement with a sophisticated and profitable industry.
409:
510:
52:
182:
518:
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In the excavations, they also discovered a dense system of public buildings, storage rooms, and agricultural industrial facilities, including 14 oil mills for the storage of olive oil from the days of the
Kingdom of Judah. Next to one of the canvas houses, a large cellar was discovered with plastered
652:
in 701 BC, and that the lowland area was torn from the sovereignty of the
Kingdom of Judah. However, the new discoveries showed that after its destruction the settlement was re-founded on the eastern slopes of the tel, and was used As an important administrative and economic center of the Kingdom of
680:
that was most probably a monastery. It comprised a residential area and an industrial area with wine and olive presses. The remains of buildings with two or three stories and impressive mosaic floors were discovered. The compound ceased to function in the early Muslim period and was subsequently
600:
Animal bones found nearby may also be a clue to boundary disputes between different cultures. Pig bones have been found a few kilometers from Beit
Shemesh, but only a few have been found actually at Beit Shemesh and at some point during the 11th century BCE it appears that the local population
753:
The name 'Ain Shems implies a fountain; but there is now here no water of any kind, so called. The place to which the Arabs give this name, consists of the ruins of a modern Arab village of moderate size, with a Wely, all evidently built up with ancient materials. But just on the West of this
1204:
Bunimovitz, S., and
Lederman, Z., "A Border Case: Beth-Shemesh and the Rise of Ancient Israel", in Israel in Transition: From the Late Bronze II to Iron IIa (c. 1250–850 B.C.E.), Vol. 1: The Archaeology, ed. L. L. Grabbe. Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies 491; European Seminar in
421:
381:. The synagogue is supposed to be moved to another location to clear the area for road 38, which is planned to be paved in the area. Boaz Gross, the head of the excavation expedition at the Tel on behalf of the Israel Institute of Archaeology, believed that the structure is not
620:
As part of the works to expand a nearby road, Route 38, many archaeological finds were uncovered in Tel Beit
Shemesh, the Beit Shemesh Municipality promoted the transformation of the complex into a visitor center and park with an investment of tens of millions of
597:. Rather, the geographical proximity to the area where Samson lived, and the time period of the seal, show that a story was being told at the time of a hero who fought a lion, and that the story eventually found its way into the biblical text and onto the seal."
539:
Work resumed from 1990 to 1996 led by Shlomo
Bunimovitz and Zvi Lederman under the auspices of the Department of the Land of Israel Studies at Bar-Ilan University and the Department of Bible and Ancient Near Eastern Studies at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
488:
near Beit
Shemesh. After one member of the group sprained his ankle and returned, accompanied by two others, the group, now numbering 35, continued on its way. Their presence was discovered by two Arab women who encountered two scouts of the group near
564:
who inhabited the hill country in this period. These together with the pottery finds indicate the cultural influences on the inhabitants of this border town. However, it is not possible to determine their specific ethnic identity, which could be
732:
For
Robinson and Smith, the natives unwittingly carry the "divine dialect" of the land. Based on information from their lips, Robinson turns Ain Shams into the Bible's Beit Shemesh, Ain and Beit being so seemingly common as to be
349:
E, the city was abandoned for a while, but there seems to have been an attempt by a group of Judahites at resettling Beth Shemesh, judging by the refurbishing of the water reservoir in the 7th century BCE. However, after the
464:
occupied part of the post for several months, giving rise to the name "the joint post" or the "Mishlat HaMeshutaf", with 60 meters dividing them and the enemy forces. The Mishlat was finally taken by the Harel force in the
425:'Ain Shems, the site of Beth-Shemesh. South of the Wâdy es Sur'ar (Sorek) and nearly opposite to Sur'ah (Zorah). The ancient and modern names Beth-Shemesh (House of the Sun) and 'Ain Shems (NYPL b10607452-80663) (cropped)
629:
agreed to significantly reduce the width of Route 38, which crosses Tel Beit Shemesh, after archaeologists warned that it might bury rare and unusual artifacts from the First Temple period that were discovered there.
773:
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announced the discovery of a circular stone seal, approximately 15 millimetres in diameter. The seal was found on the floor of a house at Beit Shemesh and is dated to the 12th century BCE. According to
1195:
Bunimovitz, Shlomo, and Zvi Lederman, "Canaanite resistance: the Philistines and Beth-Shemesh—a case study from Iron Age I", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 364.1, pp. 37–51, 2011
1236:
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866:
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In the late 19th century the area was known as 'Ain Shems or Khirbet 'Ain Shems and was used as a temporary harvest-time residence by local Arabs. The small mosque of Abu Mizar stood there.
1214:
Bunimovitz, S., and Lederman, Z., "The Archaeology of Border Communities. Tel Beth-Shemesh Renewed Excavations, Part 1: The Iron Age", Near Eastern Archaeology 72, pp. 116–42, 2009
393:. According to him, purification bowls found near the building, its architectural design, as well as a bench identified inside, strengthen the assumption that it is a synagogue.
608:
770:
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favoured by them, apparently put an end to the initiative by sealing and covering over the vital water reservoir, which was not uncovered until 2004. During the first
141:
The Canaanites of Beit Shemesh named the city after Shapash/Shemesh, the sun-goddess they worshipped. The ruins of the ancient biblical city of the Canaanites and
1130:
Grant, E., "Beth Shemesh (Palestine). Progress of the Haverford Archaeological Expedition", Biblical and Kindred Studies 2. Haverford, PA: Haverford College, 1929
1091:
1166:
Grant, E., and Wright, G. E., "Ain Shems Excavations (Palestine), Part 4 (Pottery)", Biblical and Kindred Studies 7, Haverford, PA: Haverford College, 1938
892:
Vaknin, Yoav; Shaar, Ron; Lipschits, Oded; Mazar, Amihai; Maeir, Aren M.; Garfinkel, Yosef; Freud, Liora; Faust, Avraham; et al. (24 October 2022).
1228:
1175:
Grant, E., and Wright, G. E., "Ain Shems Excavations (Palestine), Part 5 (Text)", Biblical and Kindred Studies 8, Haverford, PA: Haverford College, 1939
377:
In the rescue excavations at the site, a rectangular gas-fired structure was discovered which was identified by the excavators as a synagogue from the
1534:
1301:
59:
1148:
Grant, E., "Ain Shems Excavations (Palestine) 1928–1929–1930–1931, Part 2", Biblical and Kindred Studies 4, Haverford, PA: Haverford College, 1932
1139:
Grant, E., "Ain Shems Excavations (Palestine) 1928–1929–1930–1931, Part 1", Biblical and Kindred Studies 3, Haverford, PA: Haverford College, 1931
1287:
1068:
958:
1602:
493:. (An earlier version, that the soldiers were discovered by an Arab shepherd who they graciously let go, was based on a eulogy written by
1412:
1157:
Grant, E., "Rumeileh Being Ain Shems Excavations (Palestine), Part 3. Biblical and Kindred Studies 5", Haverford, PA: Haverford College.
456:
invaded the area and set up a fortified post, called "Mishlat" in Hebrew, on a hill overlooking Beit Shemesh, within the Arab village
276:, and God struck them dead. The stone on which the Ark was placed is recorded as still being located there at the time of writing the
1329:"The Last Days of Beth Shemesh and the Pax Assyriaca in the Shephelah of Judah / חורבנה הסופי של בית-שמש ו"השלום האשורי" בשפלת יהודה"
637:
was discovered, whose very existence challenges the accepted view regarding the history of the Kingdom of Judah during the reign of
601:
stopped eating pig. Haaretz reports that "According to Bunimovitz, when the pork-eating Philistines arrived in the country from the
1511:
642:
21:
876:
827:(in Hebrew). Vol. 9. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, in affiliation with the Israel Ministry of Defence. p. 31.
1258:
1186:
Fossé, Cécile, et al., "Archaeo-Material Study of the Cuneiform Tablet from Tel Beth-Shemesh", Tel Aviv 51.1, pp. 3–17, 2024
820:
105:
Beit Shemesh means "house of the sun" or "temple of the sun" in Hebrew. The Bronze-Age city was originally named after the
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In 2014, archaeologists Irene Zilberbod and Tehila Libman announced the nearby discovery of a large compound from the
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717:
626:
804:
269:
261:
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was found here. The bones of animals found in the 12th–11th centuries BCE layer indicate a diet typical of the
1112:
Mackenzie, D., "Excavations at Ain Shems (Beth-Shemesh)", Palestine Exploration Fund Annual 1, pp. 41–94, 1911
354:
conquest of Judah in the early 580s, either the new Babylonian rulers, or the nearby Philistine metropolis of
285:
669:
Calcite alabaster was quarried in ancient times in the cave known today as the Twins Cave near Beit Shemesh.
549:
1577:
1572:
1333:
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies / ארץ-ישראל: מחקרים בידיעת הארץ ועתיקותיה
335:
1607:
781:
110:
1121:
Mackenzie, D., "Excavations at Ain Shems (Beth-Shemesh)" Palestine Exploration Fund Annual 2, 1912–1913
125:
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occupied by other residents. The excavations were continuing with additional finds through late 2017.
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1592:
449:
94:
1184:
366:, there was no lasting revival of the city, as opposed to many other places in the vicinity such as
292:
203:
956:
846:
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In these excavations, an impressive settlement from the end of the days of the biblical Kingdom of
1438:
Amir, Ayala; Frumkin, Amos; Zissu, Boaz; Maeir, Aren M.; Goobes, Gil; Albeck, Amnon (7 May 2022).
798:
64:
698:
Issa, Rana (19 April 2021). "Chapter 16 Missionary Philology and the Invention of Bibleland".
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During the 10th century BCE, Beit Shemesh emerged as an Israelite governmental center in the
1451:
1383:
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378:
363:
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c.1880. The pink circles are contemporary villages, and the dotted clear circles are ruins.
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The site was excavated from 1928 to 1933 by a Haverford College, Pennsylvania team led by
326:
at the site to the first half of the 8th century BCE, correlating with the time when King
8:
654:
590:
581:
367:
273:
253:
165:
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909:
1539:
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1472:
1439:
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840:
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613:
605:, the local people stopped eating pork to differentiate themselves from the newcomers."
408:
281:
154:
75:
1477:
1340:
1281:
1039:. Vol. III. London: The Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. p. 60.
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872:
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727:
713:
699:
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From 1911 to 1913 the site was excavated by a Palestine Exploration Fund team led by
390:
382:
327:
323:
304:
238:
219:
1440:"Sourcing Herod the Great's calcite-alabaster bathtubs by a multi-analytic approach"
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913:
705:
677:
634:
557:
526:
494:
466:
402:
386:
331:
296:
178:, dating several hundred years earlier than its mention in Hebrew canonical books.
175:
172:
1229:"National Seal found by Israeli archeologists may give substance to Samson legend"
962:
808:
777:
670:
277:
117:
641:. So far it has been claimed that the city of Beit Shemesh was destroyed during
1463:
1262:"הפארק הארכיאולוגי החדש שיוקם בבית שמש בהשקעה של עשרות מיליוני שקלים | כל העיר"
553:
295:, Beit Shemesh is again mentioned as being the site of the battle between King
245:
207:
199:
121:
1535:"Artifacts from 1,500-year-old Monastery and Church unearthed in Beit Shemesh"
825:
Israel Guide – Judaea (A useful encyclopedia for the knowledge of the country)
709:
234:
215:
1566:
1504:"Archaeologists discover impressive Byzantine-era compound near Beit Shemesh"
1344:
1261:
995:
832:
509:
461:
453:
157:(archaeological mound) situated immediately west of modern Beit Shemesh, and
146:
36:
23:
917:
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in the world was discovered in Beit Shemesh in 2003. The only remnants of a
1481:
935:
473:
211:
195:
79:
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say they do not suggest that the human figure on the seal is the biblical
894:"Reconstructing biblical military campaigns using geomagnetic field data"
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used this alabaster for baths in his palaces during the 1st century BCE.
649:
533:
477:
342:
316:
265:
257:
1328:
589:, "excavation directors Prof. Shlomo Bunimovitz and Dr. Zvi Lederman of
501:
was subsequently killed in fighting with Arab villagers and militiamen.
272:). According to the chapter, the people of Beit Shemesh looked into the
51:
1327:בונימוביץ, שלמה; לדרמן, צבי; Bunimovitz, Shlomo; Lederman, Zvi (2003).
602:
570:
561:
434:
142:
1022:
La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations, Vol. III: Catalogue
802:
771:
Beit Shemesh – Biblical city on the border between Judah and Philistia
389:
period. The village around him, he believes, was abandoned during the
1055:
Description géographique, historique et archéologique de la Palestine
574:
457:
430:
161:
1205:
Historical Methodology 7, New York: T & T Clark, pp. 21–31, 2008
181:
97:. The tel was excavated in numerous phases during the 20th century.
645:
249:
233:
Another city by the same name, Beit Shemesh, is later mentioned in
116:
The name Beth-Shemesh was shared by (at least) two other places in
113:, sometimes called Shemesh, who was worshipped there in antiquity.
437:
used rocks for building from Tell er-Rumeileh (Tel Beit Shemesh).
1024:. BAR International Series 726. Oxford: Archeopress. p. 909.
638:
622:
586:
481:
371:
1326:
953:
Beth-Shemesh: A Biblical Border City between Judah and Philistia
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Biblical researches in Palestine, mount Sinai and Arabia Petrea
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346:
223:
158:
150:
106:
517:
1302:"הישג לארכיאולוגים: כביש 38 שאמור לחצות את תל בית שמש יצומצם"
490:
355:
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227:
86:
460:. The post changed hands several times during fighting. The
1034:
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with an advanced water system, from the time of the early
536:. A fractured Late Bronze Age cuneiform tablet was found.
891:
612:
Tel Beit Shemesh on the left, and on the right the large
521:
Middle Bronze gate system unearthed at Tel Beth-Shemesh
284:
this stone is described as "the great stone of Abel" (
120:, and one more in Egypt, presumably the site known in
1437:
412:
Ancient ruins against backdrop of modern Beit Shemesh
691:
1257:
472:Beit Shemesh is the point from which the so-called
63:Ain Shems (today known as Tel Beit Shemesh) in the
1532:
864:
244:The city located in the territorial bounds of the
171:The earliest mention of Beit Shemesh is found in
145:are located at a site called Tel Beit Shemesh in
16:Archaeological tell in Jerusalem District, Israel
1564:
1019:
898:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
819:
136:
868:Tel Beth-Shemesh: A Border Community in Judah
310:
1497:
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1493:
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1057:. Vol. Judée II. Paris. pp. 18–22.
1052:
1286:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1084:"The Legend of Ambushed Palmach Squad '35'"
1048:
1046:
1035:C. R. Conder & H. H. Kitchener (1883).
865:Bunimovitz, Shlomo; Lederman, Tzvi (2016).
616:that revealed the eastern part of the mound
543:
252:as being the first city encountered by the
1501:
1067:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
513:Old wall of the ancient ruin, Beit Shemesh
469:, during the night of 19–20 October 1948.
341:After the destruction of much of Judah by
1488:
1471:
1222:
1220:
996:"בית הכנסת העתיק שנחשף בתל בית־שמש יפורק"
993:
947:
945:
925:
751:. Vol. 3. J.Murray. pp. 17–20.
237:, being situated in the territory of the
1043:
744:
607:
516:
508:
476:set out to bring provisions to besieged
420:
407:
218:, this city was set aside as one of the
180:
58:
50:
1533:Daniel K. Eisenbud (20 December 2017).
1413:"מי חשוב יותר, כביש 38 או המלך חזקיהו?"
1081:
1013:
401:A monastery and other remains from the
85:It was identified in the late 1830s as
1565:
1514:from the original on 20 September 2014
1226:
1217:
1028:
942:
1407:
1405:
1239:from the original on 16 November 2013
974:
766:
764:
762:
322:An archaeomagnetic study has dated a
206:), as a city in the territory of the
1603:Ancient Jewish settlements of Judaea
977:"ממצאי חפירת ההצלה במזרח תל בית שמש"
951:Shlomo Bunimovitz and Zvi Lederman,
697:
580:In August 2012, archaeologists from
480:. On 15 January 1948, a group of 38
330:is recorded as having defeated King
89:Beth Shemesh – it then was known as
1547:from the original on 2 January 2018
987:
497:and is apparently apocryphal). The
405:period have been found in the area.
396:
248:is mentioned in the 6th chapter of
13:
1402:
782:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
759:
648:'s rebellion by the Assyrian king
443:
14:
1619:
871:. Penn State Press. p. 378.
416:
194:Beit Shemesh is mentioned in the
1502:Nir Hasson (20 September 2014).
1082:Shragai, Nadav (27 April 2009).
704:. De Gruyter. pp. 309–327.
660:
627:National Roads Company of Israel
78:northeast of the modern city of
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1037:The Survey of Western Palestine
189:
185:The ancient tell of Bet Shemesh
1359:"Israel Antiquities Authority"
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885:
858:
813:
787:
738:
504:
1:
955:, Tel Aviv University, 2000
784:. Retrieved 23 November 2007.
684:
55:Tel Beit Shemesh from the air
1227:Hasson, Nir (30 July 2012).
965:, retrieved 1 September 2016
653:Judah under the rule of the
164:, right on the west side of
137:Canaanite and Israelite town
128:, bearing the same meaning.
100:
7:
994:אילת כהנא (23 April 2020).
10:
1624:
1583:Bronze Age sites in Israel
1464:10.1038/s41598-022-11651-5
1384:"נתיבי ישראל בממלכת יהודה"
701:Tracing the Jerusalem Code
362:, at the beginning of the
334:in a battle fought there (
311:Iron Age to Persian period
131:
74:is a small archaeological
1020:Claudine Dauphin (1998).
852:
745:Robinson, Edward (1841).
710:10.1515/9783110639476-017
1588:Iron Age sites in Israel
981:מכון ישראלי לארכיאולוגיה
807:8 September 2015 at the
643:the campaign to suppress
544:Late Bronze and Iron Age
429:The small Arab towns of
149:and Tell er-Rumeileh in
918:10.1073/pnas.2209117119
222:for the priests of the
210:on the border with the
65:PEF Survey of Palestine
1363:www.antiquities.org.il
961:5 October 2016 at the
776:14 August 2007 at the
617:
522:
514:
426:
413:
385:but probably from the
186:
68:
56:
1053:M. V. Guérin (1869).
1000:www.makorrishon.co.il
853:סקירה היסטורית-ישובית
611:
520:
512:
450:1948 Arab–Israeli War
424:
411:
256:on its way back from
184:
62:
54:
37:31.75056°N 34.97500°E
845:: CS1 maint: year (
799:Strong's Concordance
379:Second Temple period
364:Second Temple period
1578:Tells (archaeology)
1573:Hebrew Bible cities
1456:2022NatSR..12.7524A
1388:מוזיאון ארצות המקרא
910:2022PNAS..11909117V
904:(44): e2209117119.
655:Neo-Assyrian Empire
591:Tel Aviv University
582:Tel Aviv University
254:Ark of the Covenant
33: /
1608:Biblical geography
1540:The Jerusalem Post
1444:Scientific Reports
618:
614:salvage excavation
523:
515:
427:
414:
282:King James Version
260:after having been
187:
69:
57:
42:31.75056; 34.97500
1260:(23 March 2021).
878:978-1-57506-453-6
548:The most ancient
391:Bar Kokhba revolt
328:Jehoash of Israel
324:destruction layer
305:Jehoash of Israel
239:tribe of Naphtali
220:13 Kohanic cities
1615:
1598:Levitical cities
1593:Canaanite cities
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1556:
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1128:
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1101:
1099:
1090:. Archived from
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1050:
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1040:
1032:
1026:
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1017:
1011:
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889:
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856:
854:
850:
844:
836:
817:
811:
791:
785:
768:
757:
756:
742:
736:
735:
733:interchangeable.
695:
678:Byzantine period
558:Kingdom of Judah
527:Duncan Mackenzie
484:volunteers left
467:Ha-Har offensive
397:Byzantine period
336:2 Kings 14:11–13
332:Amaziah of Judah
270:1 Samuel 6:12–21
176:execration texts
72:Tel Beit Shemesh
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
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1311:
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1271:
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1266:כל העיר ירושלים
1256:
1252:
1242:
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1225:
1218:
1213:
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1199:
1194:
1190:
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1094:on 21 July 2018
1080:
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963:Wayback Machine
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837:
821:Ben-Yosef, Sefi
818:
814:
809:Wayback Machine
792:
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778:Wayback Machine
769:
760:
743:
739:
720:
696:
692:
687:
663:
546:
507:
446:
444:State of Israel
419:
399:
313:
278:Books of Samuel
192:
139:
134:
103:
95:Edward Robinson
41:
39:
35:
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27:
24:
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20:
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17:
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1012:
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857:
823:, ed. (n.d.).
812:
793:BibleHub.com,
786:
758:
737:
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689:
688:
686:
683:
662:
659:
554:fortified city
545:
542:
506:
503:
445:
442:
418:
417:Ottoman period
415:
398:
395:
374:, and others.
312:
309:
246:tribe of Judah
208:tribe of Judah
200:Book of Joshua
191:
188:
138:
135:
133:
130:
102:
99:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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783:
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749:
741:
734:
729:
725:
721:
719:9783110639476
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
694:
690:
682:
679:
674:
672:
667:
661:Later history
658:
656:
651:
647:
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640:
636:
631:
628:
624:
615:
610:
606:
604:
598:
596:
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583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
563:
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550:iron workshop
541:
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519:
511:
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492:
487:
483:
479:
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462:Harel Brigade
459:
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454:Egyptian Army
451:
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423:
410:
406:
404:
394:
392:
388:
384:
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369:
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360:Jewish return
357:
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344:
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329:
325:
320:
318:
308:
306:
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298:
294:
289:
287:
286:1 Samuel 6:18
283:
279:
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263:
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255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
231:
229:
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224:tribe of Levi
221:
217:
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209:
205:
201:
197:
183:
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174:
169:
167:
163:
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156:
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148:
147:Modern Hebrew
144:
129:
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
108:
98:
96:
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
66:
61:
53:
49:
46:
1549:. Retrieved
1538:
1528:
1518:20 September
1516:. Retrieved
1507:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1416:
1392:. Retrieved
1387:
1378:
1366:. Retrieved
1362:
1353:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1305:
1296:
1270:. Retrieved
1265:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1232:
1210:
1200:
1191:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1092:the original
1087:
1077:
1054:
1036:
1030:
1021:
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
999:
989:
980:
970:
952:
901:
897:
887:
867:
860:
824:
815:
795:Beth Shemesh
794:
789:
752:
747:
740:
731:
700:
693:
675:
668:
664:
632:
619:
599:
579:
547:
538:
531:
524:
499:Convoy of 35
498:
474:Convoy of 35
471:
447:
439:
428:
400:
376:
340:
321:
317:Sorek Valley
314:
290:
243:
235:Joshua 19:38
232:
216:Joshua 21:16
212:tribe of Dan
204:Joshua 15:10
196:Hebrew Bible
193:
190:Hebrew Bible
170:
140:
115:
109:sun-goddess
104:
90:
84:
80:Beit Shemesh
71:
70:
18:
1450:(1): 7524.
1423:12 December
1419:(in Hebrew)
1394:12 December
1390:(in Hebrew)
1368:12 December
1312:12 December
1308:(in Hebrew)
1272:12 December
1268:(in Hebrew)
1243:3 September
975:בועז גרוס.
650:Sennacherib
534:Elihu Grant
505:Archaeology
478:Gush Etzion
448:During the
368:Beit Guvrin
343:Sennacherib
268:in battle (
266:Philistines
40: /
1567:Categories
797:, quoting
685:References
571:Philistine
562:Israelites
495:Ben-Gurion
435:Dayr Rafat
352:Babylonian
293:2 Kings 14
166:Highway 38
143:Israelites
126:Heliopolis
28:34°58′30″E
1551:1 January
1345:0071-108X
1339:: 41–49.
1098:5 January
1063:cite book
841:cite book
833:745203905
728:233588992
575:Israelite
567:Canaanite
458:Dayr Aban
431:Dayr Aban
403:Byzantine
383:Hasmonean
303:and King
280:. In the
258:Philistia
107:Canaanite
101:Etymology
91:Ain Shams
25:31°45′2″N
1545:Archived
1512:Archived
1482:35525885
1282:cite web
1237:Archived
959:Archived
936:36279453
805:Archived
774:Archived
646:Hezekiah
387:Herodian
262:captured
250:1 Samuel
173:Egyptian
87:Biblical
1508:Haaretz
1473:9079073
1452:Bibcode
1233:Haaretz
1088:Haaretz
927:9636932
906:Bibcode
855:
851:, s.v.
639:Assyria
623:shekels
587:Haaretz
482:Palmach
372:Maresha
297:Amaziah
264:by the
228:Kohanim
198:in the
132:History
111:Shapash
1480:
1470:
1343:
1005:24 May
934:
924:
875:
831:
801:etc.
726:
716:
603:Aegean
595:Samson
486:Hartuv
452:, the
347:701 BC
226:, the
162:Yish'i
159:Moshav
151:Arabic
118:Israel
724:S2CID
671:Herod
635:Judah
573:, or
491:Surif
356:Ekron
301:Judea
214:. In
122:Greek
93:– by
1553:2018
1520:2014
1478:PMID
1425:2023
1417:הארץ
1396:2023
1370:2023
1341:ISSN
1314:2023
1306:הארץ
1288:link
1274:2023
1245:2013
1100:2023
1069:link
1007:2020
932:PMID
873:ISBN
847:link
829:OCLC
714:ISBN
433:and
155:tell
153:, a
76:tell
1468:PMC
1460:doi
922:PMC
914:doi
902:119
706:doi
345:in
338:).
299:of
291:In
288:).
274:Ark
124:as
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