1567:"When first discovered the Dakotas lived in houses constructed with a frame of poles and covered with bark, each of which was large enough for several families. They dwelt principally in villages in their original area on the head-waters of the Mississippi, the present State of Minnesota. Forced upon the plains by an advancing white population, but after they had become possessed of horses, they invented a skin tent eminently adapted to their present nomadic condition. It is superior to any other in use among the American aborigines from its roominess, its portable character, and the facility with which it can be erected and struck. "" When the tent is struck, the poles are attached to a horse, half on each side, like thills, secured to the horse's neck at one end, and the other dragging on the ground. The skin-covering and other camp-equipage are packed upon other horses and even upon their dogs, and are thus transported from place to place on the plains. This tent is so well adapted to their mode of life that it has spread far and wide among the Indian tribes of the prairie region." (Contributions to N. A. Ethnology, vol. iv., p. 114.)
259:
428:) and wooden pegs are required to bind the poles, close the cover, attach the lining and door, and anchor the resulting structure to the ground. Tipis are distinguished from other tents by two crucial elements: the opening at the top and the smoke flaps, which allow the dwellers to heat themselves and cook with an open fire; and the lining that is primarily used in the winter, which insulates. Tipis were designed to be easily set up or taken down to allow camps to be moved to follow game migrations, especially the bison. When dismantled the tipi poles were used to construct a dog- or later horse-pulled
407:
metres (10 ft) in diameter on the ground. They stretch a covering of tanned and untanned buffalo hides, sewn together, over the frame, which they then secure with stakes at the base. "At the top there is an extra skin adjusted as a collar, so as to be open on the windward side to facilitate the exit of the smoke. A low opening is left for a doorway, which is covered with an extra skin used as a drop. The fire-pit and arrangements for beds are the same as in the Ojibwa lodge, grass being used in the place of spruce or hemlock twigs."
2231:
2688:
44:
2240:
445:
2528:
1928:
2540:
478:
661:, "I have seen it in use among seven or eight Dakota sub-tribes, among the Iowas, Otoes, and Pawnees, and among the Black-feet, Crows, Assiniboines, and Crees. In 1878, I saw it in use among the Utes of Colorado. A collection of fifty of these tents, which would accommodate five hundred persons, make a picturesque appearance. Under the name of the "
387:
A tipi is distinguished from other conical tents by the smoke flaps at the top of the structure. The tipi is durable, provides warmth and comfort in winter, is cool in the heat of summer, and is dry during heavy rains. Tipis can be disassembled and packed away quickly when people need to relocate and
460:
and animal designs. Sometimes tipis have been painted to depict personal experiences such as war, hunting, a dream, or vision. When depicting visions, "ceremonies and prayers were first offered, and then the dreamer recounted his dream to the priests and wise men of the community. Those known to be
435:
Tipi covers are made by sewing together strips of canvas or tanned hide and cutting out a semicircular shape from the resulting surface. Trimming this shape yields a door and the smoke flaps that allow the dwellers to control the chimney effect to expel smoke from their fires. Old-style traditional
406:
noted that tipi frames were 13 to 15 poles that were 4.6 to 5.5 metres (15–18 ft) tall. These poles, "after being tied together at the small ends, are raised upright with a twist so as to cross the poles above the fastening." The builders pull the lower ends out to form a circle about 3.0
271:
396:
lifestyle. Tribes would have well-organized camp circles of family units living in multiple tipis arranged in order depending on rank or roles in the family unit, community, or ceremony. Generally, the door and camp openings face east in the direction of the sunrise.
464:
During the later reservation era, retired warriors would paint on canvas tipis depicting different events in tribal history, including battles with
Americans. He Nupa Wanica (Joseph No Two Horns), a Hunkpapa Lakota warrior who fought in 40 battles, including the
277:
lodge interior, 1907, showing the poles and outer skin at the top, the inner lining and bedding. The lashing rope is tied off to a wooden stake at the bottom of the photograph. Clothing is suspended on a line tied between two of the tipi
1532:
Usually wigwams are a domed structure; conical wooden wigwams exist, though, and presumably gave rise to the confusing of the different structures. For more, see: Notes on the
Eastern Cree and Northern Saulteaux, Volumes 9-10. By
452:
tipis (1904) with designs. From top left to right: design featuring bison herd and pipe-smoking deer, porcupine design, design featuring arms and legs with pipes and lizard, and design featuring water monsters
400:
A typical family tipi is a conical, portable structure with two adjustable smoke flaps, multiple poles (historically from 12 to 25 ft or 3.7 to 7.6 m long) called lodge poles.
1534:
211:
1144:
804:
A Dictionary of the Teton Dakota Sioux
Language; Lakota-English, English-Lakota: With Considerations Given to Yankton and Santee. Oie Wowapi Wan̳ Lakota-Ieska, Ieska-Lakota
207:. They are still in use in many of these communities, though now primarily for ceremonial purposes rather than daily living. Modern tipis usually have a canvas covering.
2980:
3584:
3157:
505:
communities, youth are taught how to assemble tipis, with each pole representing different traditional virtues, and are simultaneously taught geometry and teamwork.
748:
1471:
355:
or "wickiup", a dome-shaped shelter typically made of bark layered on a pole structure, was also used by various tribes, especially for hunting camps. The term
1128:
436:
linings were hides, blankets, and rectangular pieces of cloth hanging about 1.2 to 1.5 metres (4–5 ft) above the ground tied to the poles or a rope.
456:
Historically, most tipis in a village were not painted. Painted tipis often depicted noteworthy historical battles and often featured geometric portrayals of
3519:
2749:
362:
The conventional translation in French and
English for all Indigenous dwellings at one time was "lodge," resulting in many compounds and place names such as
247:
3177:
1324:
744:
3812:
2578:
3777:
2973:
1192:
461:
skilled painters were consulted, and the new design was made to fit anonymously within the traditional framework of the tribe's painted tipis."
3797:
348:
is the most common one according to
American English dictionaries and the Encyclopedia Britannica and the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia.
1188:
2966:
1445:
3680:
1368:
3792:
3033:
1931:
1498:
3058:
258:
3312:
1352:
1286:
935:
860:
835:
785:
760:
728:
580:
215:
3043:
1175:". Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Volumes 5-6. Published by order of the trustees, 1910.
3645:
2856:
2571:
421:
hide, an optional skin or cloth lining, and a canvas or bison calf skin door. Modern lodges are more often made of canvas.
3720:
3245:
3048:
1340:
3270:
3260:
695:
136:
1420:
3807:
3630:
2989:
196:
89:
3782:
3730:
3700:
3317:
2675:
417:
in the
Southern Plains. Tipis have a detachable cover over the structure. The cover has historically been made of
3690:
3302:
2564:
1628:
3640:
3025:
1964:
501:
communities, the tipi can represent the power of women and their role as the foundation of the family unit. In
494:
222:
have at one point lived in tipis, which is inaccurate, as many Native
American cultures and civilizations and
3710:
3685:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3063:
3695:
3655:
3307:
3275:
1224:
1097:
466:
298:
219:
489:
Tribes today use the tipi as a means to convey traditional, scientific, and psychological teachings. The
388:
can be reconstructed quickly upon settling in a new area. Historically, this portability was important to
3705:
3670:
3660:
3280:
3134:
2660:
1942:
3393:
3322:
3265:
3182:
3124:
2637:
1063:
753:
Encyclopedia of
American Indian Contributions to the World: 15,000 Years of Inventions and Innovations
3725:
3675:
3665:
3378:
3101:
3096:
2608:
3285:
3152:
2665:
1601:
1394:
469:, is one such artist known for his many tipi paintings, shields and horse effigies now in museums.
3715:
3650:
3635:
3620:
3398:
3225:
3129:
3106:
2632:
2587:
2508:
1659:
1583:
1212:
951:
634:
223:
3625:
3363:
3343:
3144:
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333:
as the spelling. The tipi image is used on almost all Dakota/Lakota tribal flags or seals, and
263:
17:
1551:
1176:
1160:
1148:
1132:
1085:
3751:
3746:
3489:
3449:
2170:
2040:
1565:
notes the Dakota call their skin tents, "wii-ka-yo". The following is an extract of his text:
1538:
1172:
1081:
1068:
517:, a similar structure used by various peoples from northwestern Siberia to northern Mongolia.
38:
1228:
1101:
3787:
3469:
3210:
3162:
3091:
2768:
2759:
2080:
2055:
540:
414:
294:
8:
3413:
3373:
3255:
3230:
3220:
3015:
2655:
2645:
2595:
1621:
1002:
1026:
3368:
3353:
3215:
3204:
2612:
2513:
2317:
1980:
1957:
1592:
666:
371:
188:
3403:
3068:
2814:
2670:
2617:
2603:
2539:
2453:
2272:
1749:
1649:
1348:
1282:
1208:
931:
856:
831:
781:
756:
724:
691:
576:
148:
2958:
2230:
669:, for service on the plains." (Contributions to N. A. Ethnology, vol. iv., p. 115.)
3549:
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3348:
2894:
2809:
2687:
2463:
2342:
2110:
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326:
172:
66:
970:
43:
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1898:
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1255:
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802:
713:
658:
587:
564:
403:
290:
286:
192:
129:
125:
1791:
1472:"Tipi Teachings - Ceremonial construction celebrates value of women's teachings"
3802:
3772:
3534:
3292:
3167:
3008:
2889:
2724:
2556:
2543:
2420:
2245:
2175:
1816:
1614:
1606:
568:
490:
482:
418:
410:
389:
367:
306:
140:
1862:
1597:
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1038:
534:
3766:
3559:
3554:
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2947:
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2005:
1950:
1913:
1893:
1259:
1205:
Camping and Camp
Outfits: A Manual of Instruction for Young and Old Sportsmen
720:
502:
204:
168:
156:
152:
48:
2304:
3544:
3383:
3338:
3038:
2914:
2498:
2430:
2393:
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2155:
2015:
1801:
1786:
1781:
977:
444:
314:
180:
144:
1972:
3594:
3579:
3529:
3479:
3297:
3172:
2927:
2824:
2779:
2719:
2483:
2435:
2415:
2388:
2262:
2050:
2025:
1811:
1806:
1698:
1678:
1668:
662:
524:
514:
274:
176:
160:
109:
105:
609:"English to Dakota Dictionary: As Spoken by the Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate"
3569:
3524:
3408:
3086:
2884:
2650:
2503:
2400:
2383:
2373:
2312:
1994:
1826:
1759:
1733:
1243:
876:
363:
2627:
2035:
710:
3574:
3514:
3459:
3388:
3358:
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2709:
2493:
2363:
2220:
2200:
2190:
2140:
2100:
1908:
1903:
1796:
1764:
1754:
1127:
The
American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal, Volume 24. Edited by
3439:
3200:
2829:
2704:
2696:
2410:
2405:
2378:
2368:
2185:
2165:
2160:
2000:
1976:
1878:
1857:
1847:
493:
nation's worldview is based on the shape of a tipi, which inspired
227:
121:
477:
3494:
3454:
2879:
2869:
2819:
2799:
2714:
2337:
2322:
2282:
2135:
1888:
1723:
1550:
With the sides raised; As seen in: Anthropological papers. 1917.
901:
608:
429:
425:
359:
has often been incorrectly used to refer to a conical skin tipi.
243:
184:
98:
344:
is the one most common in Canadian English whereas the spelling
3604:
3564:
3418:
2942:
2937:
2922:
2846:
2804:
2794:
2784:
2754:
2347:
2327:
2215:
2205:
2195:
2150:
2115:
2105:
2065:
2020:
1852:
1842:
1718:
1703:
1683:
1270:
1268:
520:
352:
235:
231:
200:
117:
894:
270:
75:
3599:
3539:
3504:
3499:
3484:
3434:
3003:
2904:
2899:
2841:
2789:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2468:
2267:
2210:
2145:
2090:
2085:
2075:
2070:
2060:
2030:
2010:
1776:
1713:
1693:
1688:
1117:
Tipis, Tepees, Teepees: History and Design of the Cloth Tipi.
978:"Lakota Tipi : Aktá Lakota Museum & Cultural Center"
559:
Tipis, Tepees, Teepees: History and Design of the Cloth Tipi.
530:
449:
413:
is the preferred wood in the Northern and Central Plains and
393:
297:' 1852 Dakota-English dictionary, which was sponsored by the
239:
108:
at the top of the structure, and historically made of animal
1265:
665:" it is now in use, with some modifications of plan, in the
3509:
2874:
2744:
2622:
2488:
2473:
2287:
2130:
1821:
1728:
1637:
590:. American Anthropological Association of Washington, 1914.
498:
164:
101:
81:
1499:"SD GEARUP Summer Students Complete Tipi Building Session"
1080:
The Archeological History of New York, Issues 231-238. By
944:
533:, a conical tent covered with reindeer hides, used by the
1973:
1883:
1497:
Bourcher, Randilynn; Lerdal, Darla Drew (June 13, 2012).
321:
throughout her writings, including in her essential book
113:
1361:
855:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. p. 35.
601:
337:
is the spelling used by Dakota and Lakota tribes today.
1446:"The Blackfoot Wisdom that Inspired Maslow's Hierarchy"
1246:," Contributions to N. A. Ethnology, vol. iv., p. 114.
794:
432:
on which additional poles and tipi cover were placed.
313:
in his Lakota-English dictionary. Dakota ethnographer
104:
that is distinguished from other conical tents by the
2988:
90:
2235:
1490:
869:
573:
The Indian Tipi: its History, Construction, and Use.
78:
72:
1278:
The Indian Tipi: Its History, Construction, and Use
688:
The Indian Tipi: Its History, Construction, and Use
69:
1330:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007. 89.
712:
1464:
1281:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 293-269.
3764:
2586:
1636:
1244:Houses and House Life of the American Aborigines
819:
743:
135:Historically, the tipi has been used by certain
1438:
1187:The Tipi: a Center of Native American Life. By
919:
769:
711:National Museum of the American Indian (2007).
1496:
1369:"Shield by He Nupa Wanica/Joseph No Two Horns"
807:. Red Cloud Indian School, Holy Rosary Mission
800:
329:developed his own Lakota orthography and used
120:stretched on a framework of wooden poles. The
2974:
2572:
1958:
1622:
1111:
1109:
1084:. University of the State of New York, 1922.
1307:
1305:
1274:
1233:
850:
830:. Lincoln: U of Nebraska Press. p. 76.
690:(2 ed.). University of Oklahoma Press.
685:
575:Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989,
253:
226:from other regions have used other types of
1262:. American Museum of Natural History, 1920.
930:. Bloomington: Lakota Language Consortium.
523:, a somewhat similar structure used by the
262:Example of typical tipi camp circle on the
2981:
2967:
2579:
2565:
1965:
1951:
1629:
1615:
1412:
1345:Tepee: Home of the Nomadic Buffalo Hunters
1313:Contributions to Native American Ethnology
1143:History of Dakota Territory, Volume 1. By
1106:
780:. St. Paul: Borealis Book S. p. 470.
632:
1302:
1159:Annual Reports, Volume 17, Part 1. 1898.
844:
686:Laubin, Reginald; Laubin, Gladys (2012).
626:
1328:Encyclopedia of the Great Plains Indians
1147:. S.J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1915.
982:Aktá Lakota Museum & Cultural Center
681:
679:
677:
675:
476:
443:
269:
257:
42:
3813:Western (genre) staples and terminology
1347:. USA: World Wisdom Books. p. 42.
1318:
1053:in the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia
925:
853:Reading and Writing the Lakota Language
825:
546:
14:
3778:Indigenous culture of the Great Plains
3765:
1419:Ph.D., Steve Taylor (March 22, 2019).
424:Ropes (historically rawhide thongs or
3798:Traditional Native American dwellings
2962:
2560:
1946:
1610:
1418:
1339:
1223:The North-Americans of yesterday. By
1096:The North-Americans of yesterday. By
775:
672:
652:
216:Native Americans in the United States
1256:North American Indians of the Plains
755:. Infobase Publishing. p. 264.
377:
1387:
1029:in the American Heritage Dictionary
704:
116:or, in more recent generations, of
37:redirect here. For other uses, see
24:
25:
3824:
2990:Architecture of the United States
1979:designs and semi-permanent human
1573:
1017:in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary
826:Deloria, Ella Cara (2022-12-22).
801:Buechel, E.; Manhart, P. (1970).
197:Indigenous peoples of the Plateau
191:. They are also used west of the
124:came into English usage from the
2686:
2538:
2527:
2526:
2238:
2229:
1927:
1926:
633:Yellowhand (November 29, 2013).
65:
3793:Portable buildings and shelters
3303:Sarasota School of Architecture
1556:
1544:
1526:
1333:
1275:Laubin, G.; Laubin, R. (2012).
1249:
1217:
1198:
1181:
1165:
1153:
1137:
1121:
1090:
1074:
1056:
1044:
1032:
1020:
1008:
996:
952:"Lakota Pronunciation Glossary"
635:"Lakota Pronunciation Glossary"
212:stereotypically and incorrectly
1041:in the Encyclopedia Britannica
776:Riggs, Stephen Return (1992).
737:
13:
1:
3428:Building types and vernacular
851:White Hat Sr, Albert (1999).
715:Do All Indians Live in Tipis?
439:
210:Non-Native people have often
157:the seven tribes of the Sioux
2588:Native American architecture
1399:Minneapolis Institute of Art
1227:. G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1900.
1225:Frederick Samuel Dellenbaugh
1100:. G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1900.
1098:Frederick Samuel Dellenbaugh
1005:in the Canadian Encyclopedia
472:
467:Battle of the Little Bighorn
382:
299:Minnesota Historical Society
220:Indigenous peoples in Canada
27:Type of Native American tent
7:
1145:George Washington Kingsbury
902:"Dakota-English Dictionary"
778:A Dakota-English Dictionary
508:
495:Maslow's hierarchy of needs
10:
3829:
3394:New Classical architecture
3026:Colonial and post-colonial
1064:The Mythology of All Races
29:
3739:
3613:
3427:
3331:
3191:
3143:
3117:
3079:
3024:
2996:
2913:
2855:
2695:
2684:
2594:
2522:
2446:
2356:
2303:
2255:
2227:
1987:
1922:
1871:
1835:
1742:
1658:
1645:
906:Dakota-English Dictionary
613:Dakota-English Dictionary
586:American Anthropologist.
485:painted tipis, circa 1910
254:Terminology and etymology
3808:Lakota words and phrases
3313:Spanish Colonial Revival
3153:Richardsonian Romanesque
2216:Wigwam, wickiup and wetu
1602:Lac La Ronge Indian Band
926:Ullrich, Jan F. (2008).
3783:Indigenous architecture
2509:Vernacular architecture
1802:Shelter-half (pup tent)
1584:Sinte Gleska University
1211:. Rand, McNally, 1890.
537:of northern Scandinavia
527:of northern Scandinavia
285:is a loanword from the
159:, as well as among the
3246:Dutch Colonial Revival
1640:and overnight shelters
1589:Blackfoot Tipi lessons
828:The Dakota Way of Life
749:Porterfield, Kay Marie
486:
453:
323:The Dakota Way of Life
279:
267:
264:Pine Ridge Reservation
52:
3490:Hall and parlor house
3450:Central-passage house
3271:Mediterranean Revival
2997:Native and indigenous
2036:Clochán (beehive hut)
1580:Tour of a Lakota tipi
1537:. The Trustee, 1911.
1421:"Original Influences"
1082:Arthur Caswell Parker
928:New Lakota Dictionary
480:
447:
273:
261:
46:
39:tipi (disambiguation)
3470:Critical regionalism
3163:American Renaissance
2760:Mesoamerican pyramid
2081:Icelandic turf house
1988:Traditional immobile
1822:Tent (ridge or dome)
1129:Stephen Denison Peet
547:Notes and references
541:Plains hide painting
392:with their at-times
295:Stephen Return Riggs
3318:Territorial Revival
3261:International style
3231:California bungalow
3221:American Foursquare
2676:Territorial Revival
1373:Art Is The Movement
1315:, vol. iv., p. 114.
958:. November 29, 2013
491:Siksika (Blackfoot)
483:Siksika (Blackfoot)
3369:Mid-century modern
3216:American Craftsman
3205:Streamline Moderne
2514:Village des Bories
2256:Traditional mobile
1593:Blackfoot Crossing
1311:Morgan, Lewis H.,
667:United States Army
561:Gibbs-Smith, 2007.
487:
454:
325:. Lakota linguist
317:used the spelling
280:
268:
137:Indigenous peoples
53:
3760:
3759:
3332:Post–World War II
3044:Colonial Georgian
2956:
2955:
2554:
2553:
2454:Cabanes du Breuil
1940:
1939:
1650:Emergency shelter
1598:Cree Tipi Virtues
1478:. October 3, 2019
1354:978-1-933316-39-0
1325:Wishart, David J.
1288:978-0-8061-7406-8
1209:George O. Shields
1115:Holley, Linda A.
937:978-0-9761082-9-0
862:978-0-87480-572-7
837:978-1-4962-3359-2
787:978-0-87351-282-4
762:978-1-4381-0990-9
745:Keoke, Emory Dean
730:978-0-06-115301-3
581:978-0-8061-2236-6
567:, Gladys Laubin,
557:Holley, Linda A.
378:Types and utility
214:assumed that all
149:Canadian Prairies
16:(Redirected from
3820:
3731:Washington, D.C.
3349:Deconstructivism
3251:Georgian Revival
3241:Colonial Revival
3194:mid-20th century
3118:Mid-19th century
3064:Spanish Colonial
2983:
2976:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2690:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2542:
2530:
2529:
2464:Earth sheltering
2248:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2233:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1930:
1929:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1568:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1530:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1425:Psychology Today
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1375:. March 14, 2019
1365:
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1322:
1316:
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1300:
1299:
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1295:
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1185:
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1125:
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1048:
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1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
984:. April 20, 2022
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
956:WoLakota Project
948:
942:
941:
923:
917:
916:
914:
912:
898:
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891:
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873:
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823:
817:
816:
814:
812:
798:
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773:
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741:
735:
734:
718:
708:
702:
701:
683:
670:
656:
650:
649:
647:
645:
639:WoLakota Project
630:
624:
623:
621:
619:
605:
458:celestial bodies
327:Albert White Hat
171:, and among the
130:Lakota languages
93:
88:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
21:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3735:
3609:
3423:
3327:
3276:Mission Revival
3193:
3187:
3139:
3113:
3075:
3059:German Colonial
3054:French Colonial
3020:
2992:
2987:
2957:
2952:
2909:
2851:
2691:
2682:
2590:
2585:
2555:
2550:
2518:
2479:Skellig Michael
2459:Circular linhay
2442:
2426:Alpine club hut
2352:
2299:
2251:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2225:
2181:Sassi di Matera
2121:Musgum mud huts
1983:
1971:
1941:
1936:
1918:
1899:Taut-line hitch
1867:
1831:
1738:
1674:Bivouac shelter
1654:
1641:
1635:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1563:Lewis H. Morgan
1561:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1535:Alanson Skinner
1531:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1452:. June 18, 2021
1444:
1443:
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1417:
1413:
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1393:
1392:
1388:
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1323:
1319:
1310:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1273:
1266:
1254:
1250:
1240:Lewis H. Morgan
1238:
1234:
1222:
1218:
1203:
1199:
1186:
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1170:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1142:
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1107:
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1025:
1021:
1013:
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1001:
997:
987:
985:
976:
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959:
950:
949:
945:
938:
924:
920:
910:
908:
900:
899:
895:
885:
883:
881:AAA Native Arts
877:"Sioux Indians"
875:
874:
870:
863:
849:
845:
838:
824:
820:
810:
808:
799:
795:
788:
774:
770:
763:
742:
738:
731:
709:
705:
698:
684:
673:
659:Lewis H. Morgan
657:
653:
643:
641:
631:
627:
617:
615:
607:
606:
602:
565:Reginald Laubin
549:
511:
475:
442:
404:Lewis H. Morgan
385:
380:
291:Lakota language
256:
193:Rocky Mountains
97:) is a conical
91:
68:
64:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3826:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
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3780:
3775:
3758:
3757:
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3754:
3749:
3743:
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3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3535:Platform mound
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3422:
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3416:
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3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:Prairie School
3290:
3289:
3288:
3281:Pueblo Revival
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3236:Chicago School
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3135:Gothic Revival
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3080:Early Republic
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3049:Dutch Colonial
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2986:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2890:Platform mound
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2697:Building types
2693:
2692:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2615:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2536:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2447:Related topics
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2421:Wilderness hut
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2273:Shepherd's hut
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2246:Housing portal
2228:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1872:Related topics
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1768:
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1740:
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1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
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1671:
1665:
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1655:
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1652:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1575:
1574:External links
1572:
1570:
1569:
1555:
1543:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1503:Lakota Times -
1489:
1463:
1437:
1411:
1386:
1360:
1353:
1332:
1317:
1301:
1287:
1264:
1248:
1232:
1216:
1197:
1195:. 1984. p. 15.
1180:
1164:
1152:
1136:
1120:
1105:
1089:
1073:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1019:
1007:
995:
969:
943:
936:
918:
893:
868:
861:
843:
836:
818:
793:
786:
768:
761:
736:
729:
703:
697:978-0806188522
696:
671:
651:
625:
599:
598:
597:
596:
592:
591:
588:Vol. 16; No. 1
584:
569:Stanley Vestal
562:
554:
553:
548:
545:
544:
543:
538:
528:
518:
510:
507:
497:teachings. In
474:
471:
441:
438:
411:Lodgepole pine
390:Plains Indians
384:
381:
379:
376:
368:lodgepole pine
307:Eugene Buechel
255:
252:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3825:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
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3791:
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3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
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3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:San Francisco
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3686:New York City
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3560:Shotgun house
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Dogtrot house
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3465:Cowboy church
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3323:Tudor Revival
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:Mayan Revival
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Second Empire
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3125:Greek Revival
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2949:
2948:Talud-tablero
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2769:Twin-pyramids
2767:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2639:
2638:Mayan Revival
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
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2006:Beehive house
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1260:Clark Wissler
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1194:
1193:Charlotte Yue
1190:
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721:HarperCollins
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398:
395:
391:
375:
374:, and so on.
373:
369:
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360:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
340:The spelling
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:spells it as
308:
304:
301:spells it as
300:
296:
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251:
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229:
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224:First Nations
221:
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206:
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198:
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186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
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153:North America
150:
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133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
95:
86:
62:
58:
50:
49:Oglala Lakota
45:
40:
36:
32:
19:
3696:Philadelphia
3656:Jacksonville
3589:
3545:Quiggly hole
3384:Neo-futurism
3379:Neo-eclectic
3339:Blobitecture
3192:Late-19th to
3102:Neoclassical
3097:Jeffersonian
3039:First Period
2836:
2725:Guachimontón
2609:Mesoamerican
2544:
2532:
2499:Transhumance
2431:Mountain hut
2394:Jamesway hut
2293:Ger district
2288:Yurt and ger
2277:
2156:Quiggly hole
2111:Menstruation
1787:Pole marquee
1782:Mummery tent
1772:Hammock tent
1743:Modern types
1708:
1558:
1546:
1528:
1506:. Retrieved
1502:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:SaskToday.ca
1475:
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1449:
1440:
1428:. Retrieved
1424:
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1398:
1395:"Tipi Cover"
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1372:
1363:
1344:
1335:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1292:. Retrieved
1277:
1251:
1235:
1219:
1204:
1200:
1183:
1167:
1155:
1139:
1123:
1116:
1092:
1076:
1062:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1022:
1010:
998:
986:. Retrieved
981:
972:
960:. Retrieved
955:
946:
927:
921:
909:. Retrieved
905:
896:
884:. Retrieved
880:
871:
852:
846:
827:
821:
809:. Retrieved
803:
796:
777:
771:
752:
739:
719:. New York:
714:
706:
687:
654:
642:. Retrieved
638:
628:
616:. Retrieved
612:
603:
572:
558:
488:
481:Examples of
463:
455:
434:
423:
409:
402:
399:
386:
361:
356:
350:
345:
341:
339:
334:
330:
322:
318:
315:Ella Deloria
310:
302:
282:
281:
266:, circa 1890
209:
199:such as the
181:Assiniboines
145:Great Plains
134:
60:
56:
54:
34:
30:
3788:House types
3706:San Antonio
3681:New Orleans
3671:Los Angeles
3661:Kansas City
3595:Town square
3580:Sweat lodge
3530:Plank house
3480:Earth lodge
3298:PWA Moderne
3173:Stick style
3069:Territorial
2928:Corbel arch
2895:Rope bridge
2825:Sweat lodge
2780:Plank house
2720:Earth lodge
2671:Territorial
2633:San Bartolo
2484:Stilt house
2436:Winter room
2416:Twynham hut
2389:Quonset hut
2051:Earth lodge
1812:Spiegeltent
1807:Sibley tent
1669:Bender tent
1660:Traditional
1341:Goble, Paul
988:November 6,
962:November 6,
911:November 6,
886:November 6,
811:November 6,
663:Sibley tent
535:Sámi people
525:Sami people
515:Chum (tent)
189:Plains Cree
161:Iowa people
106:smoke flaps
3767:Categories
3570:Skyscraper
3525:Moki steps
3520:Longhouses
3414:Tiny-house
3409:Shed style
3399:Postmodern
3226:Beaux-Arts
3178:Queen Anne
3130:Italianate
3107:Antebellum
2885:Moki steps
2857:Structures
2651:Neo-Andean
2504:Tree house
2401:Romney hut
2384:Nissen hut
2374:Hopper hut
2313:Beach fale
2171:Roundhouse
1997:(Nipa hut)
1995:Bahay kubo
1827:Truck tent
1734:Yurt wagon
1450:Resilience
440:Decoration
364:sweatlodge
248:longhouses
155:, notably
51:tipi, 1891
3726:St. Louis
3666:Las Vegas
3575:Sod house
3515:Log cabin
3460:Corn crib
3389:Neomodern
3364:High-tech
3359:Earthship
3344:Brutalist
3145:Victorian
2933:Roof comb
2865:Ballcourt
2750:Longhouse
2710:Corn crib
2494:Thatching
2364:Beach hut
2221:Zemlyanka
2201:Tongkonan
2191:Sod house
2141:Pit-house
2101:Log cabin
1909:Thatching
1904:Tent city
1863:Tent pole
1836:Equipment
1797:Roof tent
1765:tarp tent
1755:Bell tent
1189:David Yue
595:Citations
473:Teachings
415:red cedar
383:Structure
372:Red Lodge
228:dwellings
173:Blackfeet
3701:Portland
3641:Columbus
3445:Cape Cod
3440:Barabara
3201:Art Deco
3009:Builders
2915:Elements
2830:Temazcal
2705:Barabara
2533:Category
2411:Slab hut
2406:Rondavel
2379:Iris hut
2369:Hexayurt
2305:Open-air
2186:Shieling
2166:Rondavel
2161:Quinzhee
2001:Barabara
1981:shelters
1977:dwelling
1932:Category
1879:Campsite
1858:Tent peg
1848:Guy-wire
1508:June 29,
1482:June 29,
1456:June 29,
1430:June 29,
1404:June 29,
1379:June 29,
1343:(2007).
1294:June 29,
1067:. 1916.
751:(2009).
618:June 28,
509:See also
244:chickees
203:and the
122:loanword
3721:Spokane
3716:Seattle
3651:Houston
3646:Detroit
3636:Chicago
3631:Buffalo
3621:Atlanta
3585:Temples
3555:Saltbox
3495:I-house
3455:Chickee
3419:Usonian
3354:Dingbat
3211:Pre-war
3183:Shingle
3092:Federal
2880:E-Group
2870:Chultun
2820:Shabono
2800:Quiggly
2764:Triadic
2715:Chickee
2661:Revival
2628:Río Bec
2338:Pergola
2323:Chickee
2283:Yaranga
2136:Palloza
1889:Lean-to
1724:Yaranga
1173:Shelter
644:July 5,
552:General
430:travois
426:babiche
419:buffalo
394:nomadic
236:wigwams
232:pueblos
185:Arapaho
143:in the
139:of the
3747:Hawaii
3740:States
3626:Boston
3614:Cities
3605:Wigwam
3565:Sipapu
3550:Ramada
3374:Modern
3308:Rustic
3256:Googie
3034:Creole
3016:Pueblo
2943:Sipapu
2938:Sascab
2923:Ashlar
2847:Wigwam
2810:Ramada
2805:Qullqa
2795:Qarmaq
2785:Pukara
2755:Maloca
2656:Pueblo
2646:Muisca
2596:Styles
2545:Portal
2357:Modern
2348:Toguna
2343:Ramada
2333:Palapa
2328:Gazebo
2318:Cabana
2206:Trullo
2196:Sukkah
2151:Qarmaq
2116:Mitato
2106:Maloca
2066:Goahti
2046:Dugout
2041:Crotto
2021:Burdei
2016:Bunong
1853:Mallet
1843:Canvas
1792:Poncho
1719:Wigwam
1704:Qarmaq
1684:Goahti
1351:
1285:
1069:|p. 76
934:
859:
834:
784:
759:
727:
694:
579:
521:Goahti
503:Lakota
357:wigwam
353:wigwam
287:Dakota
278:poles.
246:, and
240:hogans
205:Cayuse
201:Yakama
187:, and
169:Pawnee
163:, the
141:Plains
126:Dakota
118:canvas
35:teepee
18:Teepee
3803:Tents
3773:Tipis
3752:Texas
3691:Omaha
3676:Miami
3600:Tupiq
3540:Qargi
3505:Jacal
3500:Igloo
3485:Hogan
3435:Adobe
3404:Ranch
3004:Mound
2905:Ushnu
2900:Sacbe
2842:Tupiq
2790:Qargi
2740:Jacal
2735:Igloo
2730:Hogan
2613:Aztec
2469:Shack
2268:Lavvu
2211:Tukul
2146:Qargi
2096:Kapar
2091:Jacal
2086:Igloo
2076:Humpy
2071:Hogan
2061:Girna
2056:Funco
2031:Cleit
2011:Bothy
1777:Kohte
1750:Basha
1714:Tupiq
1694:Lavvu
1689:Humpy
1662:types
1638:Tents
1521:Notes
1258:. By
1229:p 204
1207:. By
1051:Tepee
1039:Tepee
1027:Tepee
1015:Tepee
531:Lavvu
450:Kiowa
448:Four
346:tepee
114:pelts
110:hides
99:lodge
61:tepee
31:Tepee
3590:Tipi
3510:Kiva
3286:Deco
3168:Folk
3087:Adam
2875:Cuel
2837:Tipi
2815:Ruka
2745:Kiva
2666:Deco
2623:Puuc
2618:Maya
2604:Inca
2489:Tent
2474:Shed
2278:Tipi
2263:Chum
2176:Ruka
2131:Orri
2026:Bure
1817:Swag
1729:Yurt
1709:Tipi
1699:Loue
1679:Chum
1600:via
1591:via
1582:via
1552:p211
1541:+13.
1510:2022
1484:2022
1458:2022
1432:2022
1406:2022
1381:2022
1349:ISBN
1296:2022
1283:ISBN
1213:p 43
1177:p115
1161:p405
1149:p147
1133:p253
1102:p200
1086:p387
1003:Tipi
990:2023
964:2023
932:ISBN
913:2023
888:2023
857:ISBN
832:ISBN
813:2023
782:ISBN
757:ISBN
725:ISBN
692:ISBN
646:2022
620:2022
577:ISBN
499:Cree
351:The
342:tipi
335:tipi
331:tipi
319:tipi
311:tipi
303:tipi
289:and
283:Tipi
275:Crow
218:and
177:Crow
167:and
165:Otoe
147:and
128:and
102:tent
94:-pee
57:tipi
33:and
2775:Oca
2126:Oca
1974:Hut
1884:Hut
1760:Fly
1539:p12
1242:, "
250:).
195:by
151:of
112:or
92:TEE
59:or
47:An
3769::
1501:.
1474:.
1448:.
1423:.
1397:.
1371:.
1304:^
1267:^
1191:,
1131:.
1108:^
980:.
954:.
904:.
879:.
747:;
723:.
674:^
637:.
611:.
571:,
370:,
366:,
305:.
293:.
242:,
238:,
234:,
183:,
179:,
175:,
132:.
76:iː
55:A
3207:)
3203:(
2982:e
2975:t
2968:v
2771:)
2762:(
2640:)
2611:(
2580:e
2573:t
2566:v
1966:e
1959:t
1952:v
1630:e
1623:t
1616:v
1512:.
1486:.
1460:.
1434:.
1408:.
1383:.
1357:.
1298:.
1171:"
1071:.
992:.
966:.
940:.
915:.
890:.
865:.
840:.
815:.
790:.
765:.
733:.
700:.
648:.
622:.
583:.
230:(
85:/
82:i
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70:ˈ
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63:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
