Knowledge

Talent (measurement)

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27: 1545:. Retrieved 7 June 2022. "late 13c., 'inclination, disposition, will, desire', from Old French talent (12c.), from Medieval Latin talenta, plural of talentum 'inclination, leaning, will, desire' (11c.), in classical Latin 'balance, weight; sum of money', from Greek talanton 'a balance, pair of scales', hence "weight, definite weight, anything weighed', and in later times 'sum of money', from PIE * 634:
In Revelation 16:21, the talent is used as a weight for hail being poured forth from heaven and dropping on mankind as punishment in the end times: "And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail;
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was originally the weight of a load which could be carried by a man. Thus in the Book of Kings we read that Naaman “bound two talents of silver in two bags, with two changes of garments, and laid them upon two of his servants; and they bare them before him”. He notes that in Assyrian cuneiform, the
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of 60 minas to one talent. A Greek mina in Euboea around 800 BC weighed 504 g; other minas in the Mediterranean basin, and even other Greek minas, varied in some small measure from the Babylonian values, and from one to another. The Bible mentions the unit in various contexts, like
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grave-shaft, a weight of about 8.5 grams (0.30 oz) can be established for this original talent. The later Attic talent was of a different weight than the Homeric, but represented the same value in copper as the Homeric did in gold, with the price ratio of gold to copper in
1250:. Book 6, verse 8: "Early in the spring of the following summer the Athenian envoys arrived from Sicily, and the Egestaeans with them, bringing sixty talents of uncoined silver, as a month's pay for sixty ships, which they were to ask to have sent them." 255:
set an ox as 2nd prize in a foot race, and a half-talent of gold as the third prize, suggesting that the ox was worth a talent. Based on a statement from a later Greek source that "the talent of Homer was equal in amount to the later
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offers an estimate of 26.0 kg. An Attic talent of silver was the value of nine man-years of skilled work, according to known wage rates from 377 BC. In 415 BC, an Attic talent was a month's pay for a
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or talent weight was introduced in Mesopotamia at the end of the 4th millennium BC, and was normalized at the end of the 3rd millennium during the Akkadian-Sumer phase. The talent was divided into 60
587:(Matthew 25:14–30). The use of the word "talent" to mean "gift or skill" in English and other languages originated from an interpretation of this parable sometime late in the 13th century. 244:
8.69, 19.223, 22.209). The word is also used as a measurement, always of gold. "From the order of the prizes in Il. 23.262 sq. and other passages its weight was probably not great".
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talent weighed about 37 kg. The German historian Friedrich Hultsch calculated a range of 36.15 to 37.2 kg based on such estimates as the weight of one full Aeginetan
193:. The Babylonian weights are approximately: shekel (8.4 g, 0.30 oz), mina (504 g, 1 lb 1.8 oz) and talent (30.2 kg, 66 lb 9 oz). 66:'s poems, it is always used of gold and is thought to have been quite a small weight of about 8.5 grams (0.30 oz), approximately the same as the later gold 387:) in late Hebrew antiquity (c. 500 CE) was the greatest unit of weight in use at the time, and which weight varied depending on the era. According to the 58:) was a unit of weight used in the ancient world, often used for weighing gold and silver, but also mentioned in connection with other metals, ivory, and 94: 1509:. p. 489. "Talent. (F.-L-Gk.) The sense of 'ability' is from the parable; Matt. xxv. F. talent, 'a talent in money; also will, desire;' Cot. —L. 240:
in the plural is sometimes used of a pair of scales or a balance; it is used especially of the scales in which Zeus weighed the fortunes of men (
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of Jesus where a servant who is forgiven a debt of ten thousand talents refuses to forgive another servant who owes him only one hundred silver
983: 563:) would have amounted to 2,343 of these silver coins in specie (27.328 kilograms (60.25 lb)), in addition to the minuscule weight of 12 226:
same ideogram or sign was used for both "tribute" and "talent", which might be explained if a load of corn was the regular unit of tribute.
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Attic talents, approximately 32.3 kg (71 lb 3 oz). An Egyptian talent was 80 librae, approximately 27 kg (60 lb).
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talent was approximately 26.0 kilograms (57 lb 5 oz). The word also came to be used as the equivalent of the middle eastern
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being a term used for the biblical Shekel of Tyrian coinage, or 'shekel of the Sanctuary', and where there were 4 provincial
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An Attic weight talent was about 25.8 kilograms (57 lb). Friedrich Hultsch estimated a weight of 26.2 kg, and
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According to Seltman, the original Homeric talent was probably the gold equivalent of the value of an ox or a cow.
1549:- 'to lift, support, weigh', 'with derivatives referring to measured weights and thence money and payment' ; see 1131: 1597: 1505: 1677: 635:
for the plague thereof was exceeding great." (KJV) Various definitions are provided in different translations:
1562: 97:, used in New Testament times, was 58.9 kg (129 lb 14 oz). A Roman talent (divided into 100 205:
king of Tyre sending 120 talents of gold to King Solomon as part of an alliance, or the building of the
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s) came to c. 28.800 kilograms (63.49 lb). According to Adani, in the silver coinage known as the
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In later times in Greece, it represented a much larger weight, approximately 3000 times as much: an
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Akkadian Lexicon Companion for Biblical Hebrew Etymological, Semantic and Idiomatic Equivalence
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of coins, and concluded that the Aeginetan talent represented the water weight of a Babylonian
1041:"1 Kings 9:14 Interlinear: And Hiram sendeth to the king a hundred and twenty talents of gold" 1472:, vol. 13 (Principles of Instruction and Tradition), Benei Barak 2012, p. 206 (Hebrew title: 1365: 1234: 1183: 596: 515: 1097: 1065:"Exodus 25:39 Interlinear: of a talent of pure gold he doth make it, with all these vessels" 846: 1514: 1444: 1293: 472: 8: 624: 196:
The Greeks adopted these weights through their trade with the Phoenicians along with the
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or 'shekel of the sanctuary' weighing-in at 20.16 grammes. The sum aggregate of the 60
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was double that of the Roman era talent, which latter had the weight of either 100
388: 265: 206: 1538: 826:'tribute, load', corresponding to Biblical Aramaic בְּלוֹ (belu) 'tribute, tax' ( 362: 292: 261: 1651: 667: 588: 353:
An Aeginetan talent was worth 60 Aeginetan minae, or 6,000 Aeginetan drachmae.
154: 98: 1517:, weight, sum of money, talent. Named from being lifted and weighed; cf. Skt. 956:
Brown, Francis; Driver, Samuel Rolles; Briggs, Charles Augustus, eds. (1906).
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meaning 'to be circular', referring to round masses of gold or silver. The
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estimated a weight of 37.32 kg, based on extant weights and coins.
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See J.H. Kroll, "Early Iron Age balance weights at Lefkandi, Euboea".
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Koehler, Ludwig; Baumgartner, Walter; Richardson, M.E.J.; Stamm, J.J.
903: 1644: 871: 607:) among the Hebrews, and was the equivalent in weight to one-hundred 559:), of which weight only 91.7% was of fine silver), one talent (Heb. 1525:, to lift, Gk. τάλ-ας, sustaining. (TAL.) Allied to Tolerate. Der. 1328:(in Hebrew). Ramat-Gan: Makhon Nir David. p. 17b (chapter 4). 1012:
Lete, Gregorio del Olmo; Sanmartín, Joaquín. Watson, W.G.E. (ed.).
887: 505: 480: 328: 252: 1628: 1424:(in Hebrew). Vol. 4 (Seder Avodah). Jerusalem: Pe'er HaTorah. 1355: 1014:
A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition
628: 616: 608: 374: 304: 202: 190: 93:
adopted the Babylonian weight talent, but later revised it. The
323: 170: 89:. A Babylonian talent was 30.2 kg (66 lb 9 oz). 78: 67: 1650: 1577:. James Elmer Dean, ed. (1935). Chicago University Press. §45 1396: 996: 620: 580: 548:, minted during British colonial rule (each with a weight of 544: 407: 334: 248: 235: 197: 182: 63: 43: 701:] (in German) (2nd ed.). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. 673:. Translated by Waterfield, Robin. Oxford University Press. 314:
were commonly paid one drachma per day of military service.
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number system). These weights were used subsequently by the
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Athens, Its History and Coinage Before the Persian Invasion
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The Hebrew and Aramaic lexicon of the Old Testament (HALOT)
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in the Akkadian language, corresponding to Biblical Hebrew
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An Island Polity, the Archaeology of Exploitation in Melos
1506:
A concise etymological dictionary of the English language
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Black, Jeremy; George, Andrew; Postgat, Nicholas (2000).
1338:(reprinted from Jerusalem editions, 1907, 1917 and 1988) 1117:
also has a dual meaning of "balance" and "pound weight".
133:כִּכָּר (translated as Greek τάλαντον 'talanton' in the 648:: text reads "weighing as much as seventy-five pounds". 1188:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 49. 1422:- HaYad Ha-Chazakah (Maimonides' Code of Jewish Law) 1099:
The Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards
753: 382: 791: 666: 623:, as when describing the material invested in the 575:The talent as a unit of value is mentioned in the 406:‎), the weight of the talent at the time of 356: 1575:Treatise on Weights and Measures (Syriac Version) 959:A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament 955: 527:at that time was put at 3.20 grammes, with every 1664: 847:"Melachim1 (1 Kings) 9 :: Septuagint (LXX)" 1178: 796:. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden. p. 141. 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1311: 654:: text reads "about one hundred pounds each". 642:: a footnote says "Talent: 75 or 100 pounds." 1301:is used, being the Greek form of the Latin 1112: 719: 619:. The talent is also used elsewhere in the 591:includes a different parable involving the 427: 415: 53: 1412: 1308: 1190:One Attic talent was the equivalent of 60 1144: 1142: 1140: 982:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 738: 736: 734: 665:Herodotus (1998) . Dewald, Carolyn (ed.). 1275:A History of Ancient Coinage 700–300 B.C. 1011: 869: 287:An Attic talent was the equivalent of 60 1346: 1344: 876:Journal of the American Oriental Society 25: 1271: 1259: 1209: 1137: 731: 687: 169:, each of which was subdivided into 60 157:. The name comes from the Semitic root 30:Sumerian tablet with measurement glyphs 1665: 1221: 916: 759: 664: 338:: 36.29 kg by his reckoning (the 299: 1350: 1341: 1323: 724:"talents of gold and ivory", Vergil, 217:William Ridgeway speculates that the 209:necessitating a talent of pure gold. 770: 768: 471:The standard talent during the late 1120: 694:Griechische und Römische Metrologie 366: 317: 173:(following the common Mesopotamian 13: 1182:; Wagstaff, Malcolm, eds. (1982). 631:received 666 gold talents a year. 118: 14: 1699: 1621: 1324:Adani, Samuel ben Joseph (1997). 765: 229: 1653:The New Student's Reference Work 1470:ʿArikhat Shūlḥan - Yilqūṭ Ḥayyīm 1248:History of the Peloponnesian War 1148:Charles Theodore Seltman (1924) 794:A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian 570: 475:was the talent consisting of 60 1602: 1591: 1580: 1567: 1556: 1532: 1497: 1486: 1462: 1433: 1406: 1381: 1282: 1265: 1253: 1240: 1227: 1215: 1203: 1172: 1155: 1105: 1090: 1081: 1057: 1033: 1020: 1005: 990: 949: 925: 910: 658: 523:s. The anatomic weight of each 357:Talent in late Hebrew antiquity 276: 264:" and analysis of finds from a 123:The Akkadian talent was called 1543:Online Etymological Dictionary 863: 839: 814: 800: 785: 713: 509:also being known in Hebrew as 137:, English 'talent'), Ugaritic 1: 1683:Obsolete units of measurement 1237:", EH.Net Encyclopedia, 2004. 1235:The Economy of Ancient Greece 1028:Oxford Journal of Archaeology 870:Stieglitz, Robert R. (1979). 706: 1529:, in use before A. D. 1700." 1368:(Appendix II – B: Weights), 872:"Commodity Prices at Ugarit" 149:(ܟܲܟܪܵܐ), and apparently to 7: 919:Phoenician-Punic Dictionary 491:(and which sum total of 60 383: 10: 1704: 1297:end of chapter 1 ), where 1096:Ridgeway, William (1892). 832:, Hayim Tawil, 2009. Also 748:Greek and Roman technology 464:s being equivalent to 100 440:) having the weight of 25 280: 236: 44: 18: 1456: 1400: 1001:. pp. Entry כִּכָּר. 937:www.assyrianlanguages.org 699:Greek and Roman Metrology 611:. The talent is found in 403: 378: 212: 1474:עריכת שולחן - ילקוט חיים 776:III. Measures of Weight: 746:, Andrew Neil Sherwood, 1673:Coins of ancient Greece 1362:Oxford University Press 1272:Gardner, Percy (1918). 1126:Liddell, Scott, Jones, 917:Krahmalkov, Charles R. 742:John William Humphrey, 599:, the talent is called 513:), had a weight of 150 346:were units of volume). 1636:Encyclopedia Americana 1113: 721:auri eborisque talenta 720: 585:Parable of the Talents 483:scholars, the talent ( 428: 416: 54: 31: 1678:Coins of ancient Rome 933:"Search Entry ܟܲܟܪܵܐ" 820:or less specifically 273:Greece being 1:3000. 141:(𐎋𐎋𐎗), Phoenician 29: 1513:. — Gk. Τάλαντον, a 1401:בשקל הקודש במנה צורי 1102:, Cambridge, p. 264. 1030:27, pp. 37–48 (2008) 473:Second Temple period 19:For other uses, see 16:Ancient unit of mass 1326:Sefer Naḥalat Yosef 780:Jewish Encyclopedia 625:Ark of the Covenant 234:In Homer, the word 189:, and later by the 95:heavy common talent 1278:Oxford University. 834:Jastrow Dictionary 689:Hultsch, Friedrich 32: 1609:2 Chronicles 9:13 1503:Skeat, Walter W. 1389:Babylonian Talmud 1167:Hom. Il. 23.750–1 851:Blue Letter Bible 744:John Peter Oleson 567:(10.08 grammes). 535:talent (or 1,500 145:(𐤒𐤒𐤓), Syriac 1695: 1659: 1657: 1648: 1640: 1632: 1615: 1606: 1600: 1595: 1589: 1587:Matthew 18:23–35 1584: 1578: 1571: 1565: 1560: 1554: 1536: 1530: 1501: 1495: 1493:Matthew 25:14–30 1490: 1484: 1466: 1460: 1458: 1457:דכתיב בקע לגלגלת 1440:Jerusalem Talmud 1437: 1431: 1425: 1410: 1404: 1402: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1348: 1339: 1337: 1321: 1306: 1289:Jerusalem Talmud 1286: 1280: 1279: 1269: 1263: 1257: 1251: 1244: 1238: 1231: 1225: 1224:, in Appendix II 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1176: 1170: 1159: 1153: 1146: 1135: 1124: 1118: 1116: 1109: 1103: 1094: 1088: 1085: 1079: 1078: 1076: 1075: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1052: 1051: 1037: 1031: 1024: 1018: 1017: 1009: 1003: 1002: 994: 988: 987: 981: 973: 953: 947: 946: 944: 943: 929: 923: 922: 914: 908: 907: 867: 861: 860: 858: 857: 843: 837: 818: 812: 811: 804: 798: 797: 789: 783: 772: 763: 757: 751: 740: 729: 723: 717: 702: 684: 672: 551: 431: 421: 405: 404:דכתיב בקע לגלגלת 389:Jerusalem Talmud 386: 380: 368: 318:Aeginetan talent 239: 238: 114: 113: 109: 106: 57: 47: 46: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1663: 1662: 1643: 1627: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1596: 1592: 1585: 1581: 1572: 1568: 1561: 1557: 1537: 1533: 1502: 1498: 1491: 1487: 1468:Shelomo Qorah, 1467: 1463: 1438: 1434: 1428:Kelei HaMikdash 1411: 1407: 1386: 1382: 1376: 1349: 1342: 1322: 1309: 1287: 1283: 1270: 1266: 1258: 1254: 1245: 1241: 1233:Engen, Darel. " 1232: 1228: 1220: 1216: 1208: 1204: 1177: 1173: 1160: 1156: 1147: 1138: 1125: 1121: 1111:The Latin word 1110: 1106: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1082: 1073: 1071: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1049: 1047: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1025: 1021: 1010: 1006: 995: 991: 975: 974: 970: 954: 950: 941: 939: 931: 930: 926: 915: 911: 868: 864: 855: 853: 845: 844: 840: 819: 815: 806: 805: 801: 790: 786: 773: 766: 758: 754: 741: 732: 718: 714: 709: 681: 661: 613:another parable 595:. According to 573: 549: 479:. According to 359: 320: 285: 279: 232: 215: 121: 119:Akkadian talent 111: 107: 104: 102: 101:or pounds) was 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1701: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1661: 1660: 1646:"Talent"  1641: 1630:"Talent"  1623: 1622:External links 1620: 1617: 1616: 1601: 1590: 1579: 1566: 1555: 1531: 1496: 1485: 1461: 1432: 1405: 1380: 1374: 1354:, ed. (1933), 1340: 1307: 1281: 1264: 1260:Hultsch (1882) 1252: 1239: 1226: 1214: 1210:Hultsch (1882) 1202: 1180:Renfrew, Colin 1171: 1154: 1152:, pp. 112–114. 1136: 1119: 1104: 1089: 1080: 1056: 1032: 1019: 1016:. p. 430. 1004: 989: 968: 948: 924: 921:. p. 225. 909: 888:10.2307/598945 862: 838: 813: 808:"Search Entry" 799: 784: 764: 762:, p. 593. 752: 730: 711: 710: 708: 705: 704: 703: 685: 679: 660: 657: 656: 655: 649: 643: 572: 569: 358: 355: 319: 316: 281:Main article: 278: 275: 251:describes how 231: 230:Homeric talent 228: 214: 211: 155:Amarna Tablets 120: 117: 91:Ancient Israel 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1700: 1689: 1688:Units of mass 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1656: 1654: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1631: 1626: 1625: 1614: 1613:1 Kings 10:14 1610: 1605: 1599: 1594: 1588: 1583: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1563:Luke 19:12–27 1559: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1500: 1494: 1489: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1454: 1452: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1429: 1423: 1421: 1420:Mishneh Torah 1415: 1409: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1384: 1377: 1375:0-19-815402-X 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1347: 1345: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1277: 1276: 1268: 1261: 1256: 1249: 1243: 1236: 1230: 1223: 1222:Dewald (1998) 1218: 1211: 1206: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1175: 1168: 1164: 1158: 1151: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1133: 1129: 1128:Greek Lexicon 1123: 1115: 1108: 1101: 1100: 1093: 1087:2 Kings 5.23. 1084: 1070: 1066: 1060: 1046: 1042: 1036: 1029: 1023: 1015: 1008: 1000: 993: 985: 979: 971: 969:1-56563-206-0 965: 961: 960: 952: 938: 934: 928: 920: 913: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 866: 852: 848: 842: 835: 831: 830: 825: 824: 817: 809: 803: 795: 788: 781: 777: 771: 769: 761: 756: 749: 745: 739: 737: 735: 727: 722: 716: 712: 700: 696: 695: 690: 686: 682: 680:9780192126092 676: 671: 670: 669:The Histories 663: 662: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 638: 637: 636: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 577:New Testament 571:Other talents 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 547: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 519:for every 25 518: 517: 512: 508: 507: 502: 498: 495:equals 1,500 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 469: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 430: 425: 420: 419: 413: 409: 401: 399: 394: 390: 385: 376: 372: 364: 354: 351: 349: 348:Percy Gardner 345: 341: 337: 336: 331: 330: 325: 315: 313: 310: 306: 301: 300:Dewald (1998) 296: 294: 290: 284: 274: 272: 267: 263: 259: 254: 250: 245: 243: 227: 224: 220: 210: 208: 204: 199: 194: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 127: 116: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 75: 73: 72:Persian daric 69: 65: 61: 56: 51: 41: 40:Ancient Greek 37: 28: 22: 1652: 1634: 1604: 1593: 1582: 1574: 1573:Epiphanius. 1569: 1558: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1539:"talent (n)" 1534: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1510: 1504: 1499: 1488: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1449: 1443: 1435: 1427: 1426:, s.v. Hil. 1417: 1408: 1392: 1383: 1356: 1325: 1302: 1298: 1292: 1284: 1274: 1267: 1255: 1247: 1246:Thucydides. 1242: 1229: 1217: 1205: 1195: 1191: 1189: 1184: 1174: 1162: 1157: 1149: 1127: 1122: 1107: 1098: 1092: 1083: 1072:. Retrieved 1069:biblehub.com 1068: 1059: 1048:. Retrieved 1045:biblehub.com 1044: 1035: 1027: 1022: 1013: 1007: 998: 992: 958: 951: 940:. Retrieved 936: 927: 918: 912: 882:(1): 15–23. 879: 875: 865: 854:. Retrieved 850: 841: 827: 821: 816: 802: 793: 787: 779: 755: 747: 725: 715: 698: 693: 668: 659:Bibliography 633: 604: 600: 574: 564: 560: 543: 541:Mughal India 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 514: 510: 504: 500: 499:s, or 6,000 496: 492: 488: 484: 476: 470: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 423: 418:Roman librae 411: 396: 392: 370: 361:The talent ( 360: 352: 343: 339: 333: 327: 321: 297: 286: 283:Attic talent 277:Attic talent 246: 241: 233: 222: 218: 216: 195: 162: 158: 150: 146: 142: 138: 130: 125: 124: 122: 86: 82: 76: 60:frankincense 49: 35: 33: 1357:The Mishnah 962:. 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Index

Talent

Ancient Greek
frankincense
Homer
stater
Persian daric
Attic
Ancient Israel
heavy common talent
librae
Septuagint
Amarna Tablets
minas
shekels
sexagesimal
Babylonians
Sumerians
Phoenicians
Hebrews
ratio
Hiram
candelabrum
Homer
Achilles
daric
drachmas
Mycenaean
Bronze Age
Attic talent

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