386:"A pregnant example of the officious nature of the Touch in supplying the defect or temporall incapacity of the other senses we have in one Master Babington of Burntwood in the County of Essex, an ingenious gentleman, who through some sicknesse becoming deaf, doth notwithstanding feele words, and as if he had an eye in his finger, sees signes in the darke; whose Wife discourseth very perfectly with him by a strange way of Arthrologie or Alphabet contrived on the joynts of his Fingers; who taking him by the hand in the night, can so discourse with him very exactly; for he feeling the joynts which she toucheth for letters, by them collected into words, very readily conceives what shee would suggest unto him. By which examples you may see how ready upon any invitation of Art, the Tact is, to supply the defect, and to officiate for any or all of the other senses, as being the most faithful sense to man, being both the Founder, and Vicar generall to all the rest."
25:
348:
4358:
185:: Sharing some qualities with hand-over-hand signing, protactile involves the use of signs on the hands, wrist, elbow, arm, upper back, and when in a seated position, knees and the top of the thigh. Invented by deafblind people, protactile communicates not just words but also information about emotions and the environment.
324:
Tactile signing also resides within a smaller space than is typical in visual sign language. Signs that touch the body may be moved forward into a more neutral space. Other signs which are usually produced in an 'out of range' location (such as the leg) may be modified (either spelled or a variant
320:
Little data exists on the specifics of variation between visual and tactile sign language use. However, studies suggest a significant degree of difference. In hand-over-hand signing, elements of deaf sign languages known as 'non-manual features' (such as facial expression) will not be received, and
296:
As the decades progressed, deafblind people began to form communities where tactile language were born. Just as deaf people brought together in communities first used invented forms of spoken language and then created their own natural languages which suited the lives of deaf-sighted people (i.e.
173:: The listener lightly places their hand(s) on the wrists or forearms of the signer to help them track the signs visually (as the listener knows the location of their own hands and is thus able to focus on the signer's hand(s) as they move in space. The listener using 'tracking' typically has a
151:(also known as 'hands-on signing'): The receiver's hand(s) are placed lightly upon the back of the hands of the signer to read the signs through touch and movement. The sign language used in hand-over-hand signing is often a slightly modified version of the local
321:
will need to be substituted with supplementary information produced manually. Common non-manual features used in Deaf Sign languages that are absent in tactile signing include raised eyebrows as a question marker and a shaking head as a negation.
4711:
Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign
Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely,
281:: The sender moves and manipulates the hands and arms of the Deafblind person to form sign shapes, or fingerspelt words. This is often used with deafblind children to teach them signs, and with people with an intellectual disability.
297:
visual languages), so too, deafblind people in communities first used modified forms of visual language and are now creating their own natural tactile languages. For the development of visual sign languages, see for example:
131:
lived lives of isolation. As professionals became aware of this population, attempts were made to serve deafblind people by creating manual alphabets or modifying sign languages used by deaf-sighted people. See for example
273:
What was especially challenging was communicating with children or babies born deaf and blind who had not had an opportunity to learn a natural (spoken or signed) language. Below are listed some of these attempts.
254:
Additionally, simple ways of responding, such as a tap for 'yes' or a rubbing motion for 'no', may be included. In Japan, a system developed by a deafblind woman is in use to represent the five
232:
or 'print-on-palm': Tracing letters (or shapes) onto the palm or body of receiver. Capital letters produced in consistent ways are referred to as the 'block alphabet' or the 'spartan alphabet'.
287:: The body of the person who is deafblind is used to complete the sign formation with another person. E.g.: chin, palm, chest. Often used with people who also have an intellectual disability.
3652:
3709:
2260:
544:
400:(December 21, 1829 – May 24, 1889) was the first deaf-blind American child to gain a significant education in the English language, twenty years before the more famous
246:) and the receiver will place their hands on top. This method can have multiple receivers on top of each other, however a receiver sitting opposite will be reading the
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2220:
3195:
2125:
2117:
3689:
3495:
4613:
674:
649:
4778:
4628:
214:
used, for example, in
Britain. Again, the listener places a hand over that of the signer. This alphabet is also rarely used in the United States.
1912:
137:
54:
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3802:
3757:
779:
4649:
3814:
865:
860:
2142:
613:
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5164:
141:
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4423:
642:
482:
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4771:
1165:
155:; this is especially the case when used by people who have learned to read sign visually before losing their vision as with
5375:
700:
578:. In Bilingualism and Identity in Deaf Communities, ed. M. Metzger, 187–203. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press.
5390:
5380:
4668:
4075:
1279:
309:. One of the most active communities is in the Seattle area of Washington State. See Washington State DeafBlind Citizens
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1863:
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635:
413:
76:
47:
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4567:
4177:
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4065:
3714:
2517:
429:
4733:
Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.
266:
on the fingers, where the signer 'types' onto a table and the receiver places their hands on top to 'listen' (see
3868:
2917:
2178:
2152:
1019:
107:"Tactile signing" refers to the mode or medium, i.e. signing (using some form of signed language or code), using
4673:
4167:
4060:
3747:
3333:
2387:
1226:
1031:
943:
5127:
4587:
3550:
3545:
2457:
1814:
1079:
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both originated in
English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to
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4521:
3809:
3665:
3415:
3166:
2870:
1768:
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1298:
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906:
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133:
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879:
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763:
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332:
37:
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4126:
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2500:
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2188:
2157:
1940:
1378:
1261:
1238:
1084:
811:
746:
585:. Gallaudet University Communication Forum. Volume 5. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press.
306:
41:
33:
1453:
159:. The sign language used may also be a manually coded version of the local oral language (such as
5483:
5359:
4787:
4678:
4499:
4403:
4332:
4301:
4291:
4246:
4241:
4151:
4033:
3999:
3952:
3926:
3910:
3782:
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3391:
3341:
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3253:
3100:
3008:
2982:
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2209:
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1920:
1685:
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1534:
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798:
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116:
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5583:
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3595:
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3203:
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3110:
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3016:
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2974:
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2698:
2693:
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2427:
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2203:
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1948:
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891:
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733:
723:
669:
481:
Cader-Nascimento, Fátima Ali
Abdalah Abdel; da Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende (October 2003).
391:
302:
112:
58:
3824:
816:
242:
cell. Alternatively, the signer may 'type' onto a table as if using a braille typewriter (see
111:. It does not indicate whether the signer is using a tactile form of a natural language (e.g.
5473:
5132:
4966:
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1758:
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1529:
1483:
1313:
1243:
1180:
1155:
1116:
1108:
1094:
1089:
1026:
978:
896:
757:
739:
728:
408:
became Helen Keller's aide. Bridgman was left deaf-blind at the age of two after contracting
576:
Tactile
Swedish Sign Language: Turn Taking in Conversations of People Who Are Deaf and Blind
5441:
4976:
4941:
4918:
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4428:
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911:
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774:
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101:
8:
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4653:
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4101:
3991:
3883:
3858:
3792:
3613:
3579:
3558:
3510:
3317:
3269:
3245:
3229:
3047:
3026:
2904:
2769:
2761:
2743:
2568:
2543:
2533:
2422:
2417:
2402:
2337:
2320:
2265:
2255:
1876:
1716:
1589:
1478:
1221:
988:
983:
933:
717:
417:
222:: A hand-touch alphabet developed in the 19th century by deafblind inventor and novelist
4597:
569:
Deaf-Blind
Interpreting: Interpreters' Use of Negation in Tactile American Sign Language
5478:
5395:
5264:
5096:
4998:
4981:
4906:
4644:
4542:
4023:
3848:
3105:
2875:
2756:
2656:
2581:
2275:
1726:
5254:
5204:
5011:
4946:
4852:
4837:
4547:
4208:
494:
263:
5578:
5411:
4864:
4746:
4557:
4388:
4369:
548:
525:
243:
4552:
5535:
5194:
5091:
5061:
4847:
4478:
4458:
4337:
223:
195:
164:
5416:
5112:
4592:
4577:
4468:
4453:
4223:
529:
425:
397:
298:
190:
160:
156:
5567:
5504:
5456:
5349:
5344:
5323:
5314:
5279:
5209:
5184:
5169:
5016:
4823:
4562:
4463:
4448:
4443:
4080:
658:
498:
451:
409:
405:
267:
218:
199:
174:
152:
144:. Several methods of deafblind communication have been developed, including:
128:
97:
93:
5354:
5339:
5306:
4951:
4438:
4383:
401:
247:
207:
203:
4756:
331:
An example of a language that naturally developed among the deaf-blind is
5530:
5488:
5318:
5066:
5036:
4901:
4572:
4342:
607:
379:
347:
115:), a modified form of such a visual sign language, a modified form of a
5451:
5421:
5199:
5006:
4688:
4327:
3670:
3479:
2888:
2362:
1303:
181:
5461:
5249:
5189:
5117:
4986:
4923:
4896:
4881:
4213:
4182:
4038:
3474:
602:
446:
382:
wrote of a couple who were proficient in tactile sign communication:
259:
194:: A manual form of the alphabet in which words are spelled out (see
5286:
5052:
4961:
4891:
4827:
4818:
4393:
4352:
4203:
3957:
5540:
4859:
4028:
441:
421:
239:
206:. Different manual alphabets may be used, such as the one-handed
627:
516:
Collins, M. T. T. T. (1995). "History of Deaf-Blind
Education".
5514:
5259:
5214:
5179:
5056:
4971:
4933:
4657:
3742:
1014:
1002:
461:
255:
238:: Using six spots on the palm to represent the six dots of a
328:
Different rules govern turn-taking, greetings and goodbyes.
4357:
4347:
571:, in Sign Language Studies 2.2, Gallaudet University Press.
610: : Suggestions for Tactile and Visual Modifications.
5270:
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
485:[Educational practice with deafblind children].
480:
310:
92:
is a common means of communication used by people with
4614:
Association of Visual
Language Interpreters of Canada
315:
394:(1789–1832) successfully learned French as a child.
16:
Method of communication for those with deafblindness
5565:
518:The Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
4629:World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
483:"A prática educacional com crianças surdocegas"
163:), or a mid-way point between the two known as
583:Tactile ASL: ASL as Used by Deaf-Blind Persons
138:LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired
4772:
4619:International Center on Deafness and the Arts
643:
590:Philocopus, or the Deaf and Dumbe Mans Friend
198:) may be the best known as it was the method
2677:
693:
608:Sign Language with People who are Deaf-Blind
420:, she learned to read and communicate using
4786:
4779:
4765:
650:
636:
5297:Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
5165:Basic interpersonal communicative skills
142:Alabama Institute for the Deaf and Blind
5232:
4424:Manually coded language in South Africa
542:
515:
226:and used in several European countries.
5566:
291:
127:Until the 1970s, most people who were
5231:
5153:
5027:High-context and low-context cultures
4798:
4760:
2676:
692:
631:
581:O'Brien, S., and Steffen, C. (1996).
5376:Computer processing of body language
5154:
342:
18:
5391:List of facial expression databases
5381:Emotion recognition in conversation
4735:
4726:
4704:
1461:Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
13:
2774:Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti
2388:Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)
316:Comparison to visual sign language
14:
5595:
5275:Childhood disintegrative disorder
657:
596:
545:"The Education of Laura Bridgman"
414:Perkins Institution for the Blind
4356:
4147:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
346:
23:
4737:
4728:
4706:
4674:U.S. Army hand and arm signals
3758:Far North Queensland Indigenous
2380:Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)
592:, London: Humphrey and Moseley.
4799:
4495:Bilingual–bicultural education
3815:Western Torres Strait Islander
2889:Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)
866:Western Torres Strait Islander
543:Mahoney, Rosemary (May 2014).
536:
509:
474:
416:where, under the direction of
1:
3567:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
2715:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2577:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2326:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
1833:Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)
467:
2153:Providence Island (Provisle)
1803:North West Frontier Province
134:Helen Keller National Center
7:
5292:Nonverbal learning disorder
4870:Speech-independent gestures
4843:Facial Action Coding System
3753:Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)
603:A Deafblind Manual Alphabet
435:
212:two-handed manual alphabets
10:
5600:
5032:Interpersonal relationship
4833:Body-to-body communication
4624:Mimics and Gesture Theatre
3833:Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo)
3763:Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)
2549:Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)
2403:Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)
1823:Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)
1217:Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)
530:10.1177/0145482X9508900304
412:. She was educated at the
338:
5523:
5497:
5437:
5430:
5404:
5368:
5332:
5305:
5242:
5238:
5227:
5160:
5149:
5105:
5082:
5045:
4997:
4932:
4811:
4807:
4794:
4702:
4637:
4606:
4535:
4512:
4487:
4402:
4379:
4368:
4320:
4222:
4160:
4089:
4051:
4016:
3900:
3869:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
3732:
3442:
3127:
2818:
2683:
2669:
2610:
2308:Hawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)
2166:
2141:
2118:Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam)
2102:
2085:
1966:
1957:
1939:
1911:
1875:
1841:
1813:
1767:
1739:
1702:
1666:
1645:
1624:
1603:
1582:
1548:
1525:Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)
1507:
1498:
1468:
1451:
1434:
1395:
1371:
1289:
1278:
1202:
1193:
1164:
1151:
1142:
1107:
1065:
1020:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
1010:
1001:
971:
942:
929:
920:
887:
878:
853:
825:
699:
683:
675:List by number of signers
665:
614:Deafblind Manual alphabet
457:Bay Islands Sign Language
333:Bay Islands Sign Language
202:used to communicate with
5447:Behavioral communication
4434:Paget Gorman Sign System
3888:Samoa and American Samoa
2678:Sign languages by region
2463:Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)
2189:Albarradas Sign Language
2179:Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)
2012:Meciciya ka pekiskwakehk
1864:Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)
1828:Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)
1080:Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)
694:Sign languages by family
430:Charles-Michel de l'Épée
307:Nicaraguan Sign Language
122:
32:This article includes a
4887:Interpersonal synchrony
4788:Nonverbal communication
4679:Monastic sign languages
4527:Television shows (list)
4500:Manually coded language
4333:Hamburg Notation System
2126:Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)
1372:Indonesian (Nusantaric)
1095:Finnish (Viittomakieli)
1032:Northern Ireland (NISL)
567:Frankel, M. A. (2002),
175:limited field of vision
117:manually coded language
61:more precise citations.
5484:Monastic sign lexicons
5175:Emotional intelligence
4650:CHCI chimpanzee center
4419:Manually coded English
4117:Henniker Sign Language
3783:Warumungu (Warramunga)
3768:Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)
2762:Hausa (Magannar Hannu)
670:List of sign languages
388:
303:List of sign languages
113:American Sign Language
5474:Impression management
4474:Signing Exact English
4414:Indian Signing System
4137:Plateau Sign Language
3511:Inuit (Atgangmuurniq)
3088:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2618:Amami Shuwa languages
2291:Guatemalan (Lensegua)
2231:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2210:Caucasian (Harsneren)
2158:Old Cayman (Guyanese)
1686:Norwegian (Tegnspråk)
1658:French Belgian (LSFB)
1090:Swedish (Teckenspråk)
384:
119:, or something else.
100:or another system of
5489:Verbal communication
5442:Animal communication
5360:Targeted advertising
4877:Haptic communication
4722:French Sign Language
4429:Manually Coded Malay
4237:British (two-handed)
4173:Bimodal bilingualism
3803:Far North Queensland
3111:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
2633:Sri Lankan languages
2564:Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)
2468:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
1979:Chaticks si Chaticks
1959:Plains Sign Language
1877:Mayan (Meemul Tziij)
1379:Indonesian (Bisindo)
1057:South African (SASL)
780:Far North Queensland
378:In 1648 in England,
102:manual communication
5498:Non-verbal language
5386:Gesture recognition
5233:Further information
5123:Emotion recognition
5074:Silent service code
2644:Tanzanian languages
2623:Ethiopian languages
2590:Nanabin (NanabinSL)
1681:Icelandic (Táknmál)
1396:Francophone African
1354:Puerto Rican (PRSL)
1212:Swiss-German (DSGS)
1143:Chilean-Paraguayan-
487:Temas Em Psicologia
418:Samuel Gridley Howe
392:Victorine Morriseau
292:Communities develop
96:. It is based on a
5524:Art and literature
5479:Meta-communication
5467:Passive-aggressive
5396:Sentiment analysis
5097:Non-verbal leakage
4645:Baby sign language
4543:Jabbar Baghtcheban
4024:International Sign
3927:Brazilian (Libras)
3841:New Zealand (NZSL)
3788:Mudbura (Mudburra)
3716:Sandy River Valley
3695:Keresan (Keresign)
3286:Yugoslav (Kosovar)
2657:International Sign
2638:Sudanese languages
2261:Navajo/Diné Family
2075:Wíyut'a / Wíblut'e
1913:Original Thai Sign
1691:Danish (Tegnsprog)
1234:Brazilian (Libras)
1047:New Zealand (NZSL)
588:Bulwer, J. (1648)
574:Mesch, J. (2000),
358:. You can help by
34:list of references
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5255:Asperger syndrome
5223:
5222:
5205:Social competence
5145:
5144:
5141:
5140:
4947:Emotional prosody
4853:Subtle expression
4838:Facial expression
4754:
4753:
4747:extinct languages
4669:Legal recognition
4548:Jeanette Berglind
4508:
4507:
4209:Nonmanual feature
4122:Martha's Vineyard
4047:
4046:
3701:Martha's Vineyard
3196:Faroese (Teknmál)
2918:Al-Sayyid Bedouin
2728:Bouakako (LaSiBo)
2665:
2664:
2650:Zimsign languages
2628:Laotian languages
2512:Rwandan (AKR/AMR)
2271:Ecuadorian (LSEC)
2216:Azerbaijani (AİD)
2137:
2136:
1735:
1734:
1578:
1577:
1494:
1493:
1484:Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)
1189:
1188:
1117:Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
1103:
1102:
997:
996:
967:
966:
874:
873:
729:Eltye eltyarrenke
709:
708:multiple families
404:; Laura's friend
376:
375:
279:Co-active signing
264:Japanese language
87:
86:
79:
5591:
5435:
5434:
5412:Ray Birdwhistell
5240:
5239:
5229:
5228:
5155:Broader concepts
5151:
5150:
5128:First impression
4809:
4808:
4796:
4795:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4758:
4757:
4741:
4732:
4710:
4598:Pierre Pélissier
4583:Thomas Gallaudet
4558:Thomas Braidwood
4389:Initialized sign
4377:
4376:
4360:
3845:Papua New Guinea
3748:Australian-Irish
3454:Plains Sign Talk
3334:Northern Ireland
3330:Northern Ireland
2853:Hong Kong (HKSL)
2674:
2673:
2453:Nicaraguan (ISN)
2368:Kenyan (KSL/LAK)
2184:Albanian (AlbSL)
1964:
1963:
1778:Bangalore-Madras
1759:Israeli (Shassi)
1727:Thai (TSL/MSTSL)
1637:Honduran (LESHO)
1505:
1504:
1363:Singapore (SgSL)
1299:Black ASL (BASL)
1287:
1286:
1227:Australian-Irish
1200:
1199:
1149:
1148:
1125:Hong Kong (HKSL)
1085:Portuguese (LGP)
1075:Eritrean (EriSL)
1008:
1007:
927:
926:
885:
884:
823:
822:
707:
690:
689:
652:
645:
638:
629:
628:
560:
559:
557:
555:
540:
534:
533:
513:
507:
506:
501:. Archived from
478:
371:
368:
350:
343:
270:for more info).
244:Perkins Brailler
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
57:this article by
48:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5545:
5536:Mimoplastic art
5519:
5510:Tactile signing
5493:
5426:
5400:
5364:
5328:
5301:
5234:
5219:
5195:Social behavior
5156:
5137:
5101:
5092:Microexpression
5078:
5062:One-bit message
5041:
4993:
4928:
4848:Microexpression
4803:
4790:
4785:
4755:
4750:
4698:
4684:Tactile signing
4633:
4602:
4531:
4504:
4483:
4459:Signed Japanese
4405:
4398:
4371:
4364:
4338:Stokoe notation
4316:
4218:
4178:Phonology (ASL)
4156:
4091:
4085:
4043:
4012:
3911:Argentine (LSA)
3896:
3728:
3551:New Costa Rican
3546:Old Costa Rican
3446:
3444:
3438:
3322:North Macedonia
3123:
2814:
2749:Bamako (LaSiMa)
2679:
2661:
2611:Other groupings
2606:
2458:Old Costa Rican
2433:Burkina (Mossi)
2413:Mauritian (MSL)
2286:Ghardaia (AJSL)
2199:Argentine (LSA)
2162:
2144:
2133:
2098:
2081:
1953:
1935:
1907:
1871:
1837:
1809:
1770:
1763:
1731:
1698:
1668:Danish (Tegnic)
1662:
1641:
1620:
1599:
1574:
1549:Yugoslavic Sign
1544:
1515:Bulgarian (БЖЕ)
1500:
1490:
1479:Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)
1464:
1454:Hoailona ʻŌlelo
1447:
1430:
1417:Bamako (LaSiMa)
1398:(Françafrosign)
1397:
1391:
1367:
1339:Malaysian (BIM)
1281:
1274:
1249:Valencian (LSV)
1185:
1176:Paraguay (LSPY)
1167:
1160:
1144:
1138:
1099:
1061:
993:
963:
938:
922:
916:
880:Arab (Ishaaric)
870:
849:
821:
734:Iltyeme iltyeme
705:
702:
695:
685:
679:
661:
656:
599:
564:
563:
553:
551:
541:
537:
514:
510:
479:
475:
470:
438:
426:manual alphabet
372:
366:
363:
356:needs expansion
341:
318:
294:
285:On-body signing
258:and five major
236:Braille signing
224:Hieronymus Lorm
196:manual alphabet
165:contact signing
125:
90:Tactile signing
83:
72:
66:
63:
52:
38:related reading
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5597:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5444:
5438:
5432:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5417:Charles Darwin
5414:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5311:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5246:
5244:
5236:
5235:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5113:Affect display
5109:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5059:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5003:
5001:
4999:Social context
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4907:Pupil dilation
4904:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4835:
4830:
4821:
4815:
4813:
4805:
4804:
4792:
4791:
4784:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4761:
4752:
4751:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4593:William Stokoe
4590:
4585:
4580:
4578:Valerie Sutton
4575:
4570:
4568:Abbé de l'Épée
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4518:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4479:Signed Swedish
4476:
4471:
4469:Signed Spanish
4466:
4461:
4456:
4454:Signed Italian
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4380:
4374:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4297:Serbo-Croatian
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4226:
4224:Fingerspelling
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4002:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3921:
3916:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3835:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3810:Western Desert
3807:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3707:
3704:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3661:American (ASL)
3658:
3655:
3653:Old Salvadoran
3650:
3645:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3598:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3569:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3530:
3523:
3520:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3501:Maritime (MSL)
3498:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3470:American (ASL)
3467:
3464:
3459:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3416:Central Taurus
3413:
3410:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3371:
3368:
3363:
3360:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3344:
3339:
3336:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3304:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3283:
3280:
3275:
3272:
3267:
3264:
3259:
3256:
3251:
3248:
3243:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3180:
3177:
3172:
3171:United Kingdom
3169:
3167:French Belgian
3164:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3042:
3037:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2967:Kazakh-Russian
2964:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2871:Indo-Pakistani
2868:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2738:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2579:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2483:Peruvian (LSP)
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2428:Miyakubo Shuwa
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2305:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:Dogon/Douentza
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2088:American (ASL)
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1949:Namibian (NSL)
1945:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:Indo-Pakistani
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1616:Tunisian (TSL)
1613:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1570:Yugoslav (YSL)
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1556:Croatian (HZJ)
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1475:
1473:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1427:Sierra Leonean
1425:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1350:Filipino (FSL)
1347:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1294:American (ASL)
1290:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1270:Romanian (LSR)
1267:
1266:
1265:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1207:Algerian (LSA)
1203:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1168:Uruguayan Sign
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1156:Chilean (LSCh)
1152:
1146:
1145:Uruguayan Sign
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1042:Maritime (MSL)
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1011:
1005:
999:
998:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
965:
964:
962:
961:
958:
955:
952:
948:
946:
940:
939:
937:
936:
930:
924:
918:
917:
915:
914:
909:
907:Qatari Unified
904:
899:
894:
888:
882:
876:
875:
872:
871:
869:
868:
863:
857:
855:
854:Zendath Kesign
851:
850:
848:
847:
842:
837:
831:
829:
827:Western Desert
820:
819:
814:
809:
806:
804:Worora Kinship
801:
796:
789:
784:
783:
782:
772:
767:
760:
755:
750:
743:
736:
731:
726:
721:
713:
711:
697:
696:
687:
681:
680:
678:
677:
672:
666:
663:
662:
655:
654:
647:
640:
632:
626:
625:
621:Zhijian Shouyu
616:
611:
605:
598:
597:External links
595:
594:
593:
586:
579:
572:
562:
561:
535:
524:(3): 210–212.
508:
505:on 2010-11-10.
472:
471:
469:
466:
465:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
437:
434:
398:Laura Bridgman
374:
373:
353:
351:
340:
337:
317:
314:
299:Deaf Education
293:
290:
289:
288:
282:
252:
251:
233:
227:
215:
191:fingerspelling
186:
178:
168:
161:Signed English
157:Usher syndrome
149:Hand-over-hand
129:deaf and blind
124:
121:
85:
84:
42:external links
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5596:
5585:
5584:Deafblindness
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5574:Sign language
5572:
5571:
5569:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5505:Sign language
5503:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:Freudian slip
5348:
5346:
5345:Lie detection
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5324:Mirror neuron
5322:
5320:
5316:
5315:Limbic system
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5281:
5280:Rett syndrome
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5226:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5210:Social skills
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5185:People skills
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:Communication
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5152:
5148:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5106:Multi-faceted
5104:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5017:Display rules
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4988:
4987:Voice quality
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4824:Body language
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4782:
4777:
4775:
4770:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4759:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:Miscellaneous
4636:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:Organisations
4605:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4563:Laurent Clerc
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4553:Pär Aron Borg
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4464:Signed Polish
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:Signed German
4447:
4445:
4444:Signed French
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4367:
4359:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4168:Grammar (ASL)
4166:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:International
4015:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:South America
3899:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:Rossel Island
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Mount Avejaha
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3710:Navajo Family
3708:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3657:United States
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:South African
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Yoruban (YSL)
2595:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2582:Bura (Burasl)
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2573:West African
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Ugandan (USL)
2557:
2555:
2554:Turkish (TİD)
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:Spanish (LSE)
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:Rossel Island
2505:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2495:Qahveh Khaneh
2493:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Mount Avejaha
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:Maltese (LSM)
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:Atgangmuurniq
2319:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2296:Guinea-Bissau
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2140:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
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1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
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1972:
1969:
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1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
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1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1902:Cepeda Peraza
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:Highland Maya
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:
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1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1815:Japanese Sign
1812:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
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1694:
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1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:Flemish (VGT)
1651:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Mexican (LSM)
1630:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:Italian (LIS)
1609:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1540:Russian (РЖЯ)
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Latvian (LSL)
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1497:
1485:
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1480:
1477:
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1467:
1460:
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1409:
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1403:
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1400:
1394:
1385:
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1377:
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1364:
1361:
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1334:
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1325:
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1300:
1297:
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1283:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1244:Catalan (LSC)
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1181:Uruguay (LSU)
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:British (BSL)
1025:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1000:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
970:
959:
956:
953:
950:
949:
947:
945:
941:
935:
932:
931:
928:
925:
919:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
886:
883:
881:
877:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
856:
852:
846:
845:Ngaatjatjarra
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
828:
824:
818:
815:
813:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
794:
790:
788:
785:
781:
778:
777:
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773:
771:
768:
766:
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761:
759:
756:
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749:
748:
744:
742:
741:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
719:
715:
714:
712:
704:
698:
691:
688:
682:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
664:
660:
659:Sign language
653:
648:
646:
641:
639:
634:
633:
630:
623:
622:
617:
615:
612:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
591:
587:
584:
580:
577:
573:
570:
566:
565:
550:
546:
539:
531:
527:
523:
519:
512:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
477:
473:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
452:Sign language
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
433:
431:
428:developed by
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:scarlet fever
407:
406:Anne Sullivan
403:
399:
395:
393:
387:
383:
381:
370:
361:
357:
354:This section
352:
349:
345:
344:
336:
335:in Honduras.
334:
329:
326:
322:
313:
311:
308:
304:
300:
286:
283:
280:
277:
276:
275:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
221:
220:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:Anne Sullivan
197:
193:
192:
187:
184:
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:sign language
150:
147:
146:
145:
143:
139:
135:
130:
120:
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
99:
98:sign language
95:
94:deafblindness
91:
81:
78:
70:
67:December 2016
60:
56:
50:
49:
43:
39:
35:
30:
21:
20:
5509:
5340:Cold reading
5333:Applications
5307:Neuroanatomy
4952:Paralanguage
4742:
4736:
4727:
4725:
4705:
4683:
4522:Films (list)
4439:Signed Dutch
4384:Contact sign
3829:Hawaii (USA)
3722:
3715:
3700:
3525:
3516:
3408:Swiss-German
3044:Saudi Arabia
2782:South Africa
2516:
2499:
2373:Somali (SSL)
2300:
2208:
2143:Providencia–
2122:Nesilextcl'n
2095:Oneida (OSL)
2057:Tickanwa•tic
2045:Schitsu'umsh
2027:Nųmą́khų́·ki
1941:Paget Gorman
1862:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1806:Punjab-Sindh
1754:Polish (PJM)
1749:German (DGS)
1625:Mexican Sign
1604:Italian Sign
1508:Russian Sign
1471:French (LSF)
1444:Oneida (OSL)
1358:Quebec (LSQ)
1343:Oneida (OSL)
1260:
1256:French (LSF)
1109:Chinese Sign
1067:Swedish Sign
791:
762:
745:
738:
716:
620:
589:
582:
575:
568:
552:. Retrieved
538:
521:
517:
511:
503:the original
490:
486:
476:
402:Helen Keller
396:
389:
385:
377:
367:October 2015
364:
360:adding to it
355:
330:
327:
325:sign used).
323:
319:
295:
284:
278:
272:
253:
248:braille cell
235:
229:
217:
208:ASL alphabet
204:Helen Keller
188:
180:
170:
148:
126:
108:
106:
89:
88:
73:
64:
53:Please help
45:
5319:Limbic lobe
5084:Unconscious
5067:Missed call
5037:Social norm
5012:Conventions
4902:Eye contact
4664:Open Outcry
4588:Abbé Sicard
4573:Roger Fouts
4404:Signed Oral
4343:SignWriting
4191:Orientation
4161:Linguistics
4142:Pitha Pitha
3837:New Zealand
3773:Manjiljarra
3644:El Salvador
3404:Switzerland
3314:Netherlands
3154:Azerbaijani
3096:Old Bangkok
3036:Philippines
2724:Ivory Coast
2518:Sandy River
2256:Cuban (LSC)
2145:Cayman Sign
1994:Hinono'eino
1985:Coahuilteco
1970:Anishinaabe
1931:Old Bangkok
1852:Old Kentish
1781:Beluchistan
1741:German Sign
1722:Ho Chi Minh
1646:Old Belgian
1590:Dutch (NGT)
1329:Costa Rican
1222:Irish (ISL)
1166:Paraguayan-
957:Palestinian
840:Manjiljarra
835:Kartutjarra
770:Rdaka rdaka
764:Pitha Pitha
380:John Bulwer
59:introducing
5568:Categories
5452:Aggressive
5422:Paul Ekman
5405:Key people
5369:Technology
5355:Poker tell
5200:Social cue
5007:Chronemics
4957:Intonation
4801:Modalities
4689:Protactile
4328:ASL-phabet
4312:Portuguese
4214:Sign names
4199:Expression
4127:Old French
4112:Kalkutungu
4081:Name signs
4071:Literature
4008:Venezuelan
3982:Inmaculada
3974:Paraguayan
3966:Ecuadorian
3820:Yir Yoront
3671:Protactile
3648:Salvadoran
3640:Panamanian
3627:Nicaraguan
3604:Albarradas
3575:Guatemalan
3532:Costa Rica
3527:Old Cayman
3480:Protactile
3358:Portuguese
3326:Macedonian
3302:Lithuanian
3150:Azerbaijan
3119:Vietnamese
3076:Tajikistan
3064:Sri Lankan
2963:Kazakhstan
2933:Kafr Qasem
2884:Indonesian
2586:Mofu-Gudur
2524:Salvadoran
2501:Rennellese
2488:Inmaculada
2443:Mozambican
2393:Macedonian
2363:Kata Kolok
2353:Kafr Qasim
2312:Creole HSL
2063:Tsuu T'ina
2024:Niitsítapi
2018:Ni Mii Puu
2009:Maagiadawa
1973:Apsáalooke
1899:Trascorral
1583:Dutch Sign
1386:Yogyakarta
1346:Panamanian
1304:Protactile
1262:Old French
1239:Lithuanian
1195:Francosign
812:Yir Yoront
799:Warramunga
747:Kalkutungu
703:Aboriginal
701:Australian
468:References
390:Deafblind
260:consonants
250:backwards.
182:Protactile
5457:Assertive
5265:Fragile X
5250:Aprosodia
5243:Disorders
5190:Semiotics
5118:Deception
4924:Proxemics
4914:Olfaction
4897:Oculesics
4882:Imitation
4745:indicate
4406:Languages
4307:Ukrainian
4267:Hungarian
4252:Esperanto
4183:Handshape
4152:Warluwara
4092:languages
4076:Profanity
4039:Signalong
4004:Venezuela
4000:Uruguayan
3953:Colombian
3907:Argentina
3778:Warlmanpa
3739:Australia
3677:Blackfeet
3666:Black ASL
3623:Nicaragua
3571:Guatemala
3563:Greenland
3486:Blackfoot
3475:Black ASL
3443:North and
3434:Ukrainian
3392:Valencian
3374:Slovenian
3342:Norwegian
3298:Lithuania
3262:Icelandic
3254:Hungarian
3101:Chiangmai
3072:Taiwanese
3060:Sri Lanka
3056:Singapore
3052:Singapore
3009:Mongolian
2983:Malaysian
2880:Indonesia
2849:Hong Kong
2837:Cambodian
2794:Tanzanian
2670:By region
2226:Bhutanese
2021:Niimíipuu
2003:Karankawa
1926:Hai Phong
1921:Chiangmai
1712:Hai Phong
1704:Viet-Thai
1566:Slovenian
1535:Mongolian
1501:Hungarian
1437:Hand Talk
1404:Ethiopian
1332:Dominican
1326:Cambodian
1121:Shanghai
951:Jordanian
944:Levantine
923:Levantine
808:Yan-nhaŋu
793:Warluwara
787:Warlmanpa
753:Miriwoong
499:1413-389X
447:Moon type
268:this page
5287:Dyssemia
5133:Intimacy
5053:Emoticon
4962:Loudness
4892:Laughter
4828:Kinesics
4819:Blushing
4812:Physical
4394:Mouthing
4370:Language
4353:ASLwrite
4277:Japanese
4232:American
4204:Mouthing
4195:Movement
4187:Location
4132:Old Kent
4098:Chilmark
4034:Monastic
3987:Peruvian
3970:Paraguay
3958:Provisle
3949:Colombia
3919:Bolivian
3879:Sinasina
3723:Henniker
3683:Cheyenne
3635:Chiriqui
3596:Honduran
3592:Honduras
3462:Belizean
3370:Slovenia
3354:Portugal
3220:Ghardaia
3204:Estonian
3183:Croatian
3146:Austrian
3138:Armenian
3092:Thailand
3040:Filipino
3032:Nepalese
3017:Ghandruk
3005:Mongolia
3001:Maldives
2997:Maldives
2993:Selangor
2979:Malaysia
2951:Miyakubo
2941:Japanese
2923:Ghardaia
2833:Cambodia
2790:Tanzania
2703:Cameroon
2699:Ghardaia
2694:Algerian
2529:Sinasina
2302:Henniker
2281:Ghandruk
2221:Belizean
2204:Armenian
2167:Isolates
2114:Kalispel
2111:A'aninin
2069:Wazhazhe
2066:Umatilla
2048:Shiwinna
2039:Piipaash
1988:Dane-zaa
1982:Cheyenne
1887:Yucatec
1858:Chilmark
1792:Calcutta
1676:Malagasy
1520:Georgian
1424:Nigerian
1421:Moroccan
1410:Ghanaian
1335:Jamaican
1321:Mandalay
1310:Bolivian
1280:American
972:Possible
954:Lebanese
892:Egyptian
758:Mudburra
724:Djingili
686:families
684:Language
436:See also
424:and the
189:Tactile
171:Tracking
5579:Braille
5541:Subtext
5462:Passive
5431:Related
5022:Habitus
4967:Prosody
4919:Posture
4860:Gesture
4743:Italics
4694:Tic-tac
4536:Persons
4372:contact
4321:Writing
4302:Spanish
4292:Russian
4247:Chilean
4242:Catalan
4107:Jaralde
4090:Extinct
4061:Grammar
4029:Makaton
3996:Uruguay
3962:Ecuador
3945:Chilean
3937:Ka'apor
3915:Bolivia
3733:Oceania
3619:Mexican
3609:Chatino
3588:Haitian
3517:Plateau
3447:America
3445:Central
3430:Ukraine
3426:Turkish
3400:Swedish
3387:Spanish
3382:Catalan
3366:Russian
3310:Russian
3306:Moldova
3294:Latvian
3278:Italian
3266:Ireland
3258:Iceland
3250:Hungary
3234:Germany
3212:Finnish
3208:Finland
3200:Estonia
3187:Denmark
3179:Croatia
3175:British
3162:Flemish
3158:Belgium
3142:Austria
3134:Armenia
3115:Vietnam
3080:Russian
3022:Jhankot
2975:Laotian
2928:Israeli
2910:Kurdish
2897:Persian
2866:Bengali
2845:Chinese
2829:Bengali
2810:Zambian
2802:Ugandan
2766:Senegal
2753:Nigeria
2720:Nanabin
2690:Algeria
2602:Zambian
2478:Persian
2384:Kisindo
2343:Ka'apor
2333:Jhankot
2251:Chatino
2104:Plateau
2086:Mixed,
2078:Wyandot
2072:Wichita
2060:Tháumgá
2042:Ppáⁿkka
2030:Nʉmʉnʉʉ
2006:Liksiyu
1997:Hiraacá
1976:Arikara
1843:Kentish
1785:Bengali
1695:Teknmál
1595:Gambian
1563:Serbian
1560:Kosovar
1499:Austro-
1469:Mixed,
1452:Mixed,
1435:Mixed,
1413:Guinean
1407:Chadian
1383:Jakarta
1314:Burmese
1282:(ASLic)
979:Emirati
897:Kuwaiti
740:Jaralde
624:(China)
554:May 29,
442:Braille
422:Braille
339:History
262:of the
240:braille
230:Tracing
210:or the
55:improve
5515:Tadoma
5260:Autism
5215:Unsaid
5180:Nunchi
5057:Smiley
4977:Stress
4972:Rhythm
4942:Affect
4934:Speech
4658:Loulis
4654:Washoe
4488:Others
4287:Polish
4282:Korean
4262:German
4257:French
4102:Diyari
4066:Idioms
3923:Brazil
3892:Samoan
3854:Kailge
3798:Umpila
3743:Auslan
3706:Navajo
3690:Oneida
3686:Ojibwa
3631:Panama
3600:Mexico
3541:Brunca
3536:Bribri
3522:Cayman
3506:Quebec
3496:Oneida
3492:Ojibwa
3466:Canada
3458:Belize
3421:Mardin
3412:Turkey
3396:Sweden
3362:Russia
3350:Polish
3346:Poland
3338:Norway
3290:Latvia
3282:Kosovo
3242:Greece
3238:German
3225:French
3216:France
3191:Danish
3128:Europe
3068:Taiwan
2988:Penang
2959:Korean
2946:Koniya
2914:Israel
2861:Alipur
2825:Bengal
2806:Zambia
2798:Uganda
2778:Somali
2736:Kenyan
2707:Maroua
2684:Africa
2640:(~150)
2473:Penang
2418:M'bour
2408:Mardin
2358:Kailge
2348:Kajana
2317:Inuit
2241:Brunca
2236:Bribri
2194:Alipur
2174:Afghan
2130:Sqeliz
2015:Nakota
1893:Nohkop
1890:Chicán
1799:Nepali
1789:Bombay
1318:Yangon
1052:Samoan
1038:Fijian
1015:Auslan
1003:BANZSL
960:Syrian
921:Iraqi–
912:Yemeni
902:Libyan
861:Meriam
775:Umpila
718:Diyari
497:
462:Tadoma
256:vowels
5046:Other
4514:Media
4272:Irish
3992:Sivia
3941:Chile
3884:Wanib
3859:Mehek
3825:Yolŋu
3793:Ngada
3614:Mayan
3584:Haiti
3580:Mayan
3559:Cuban
3378:Spain
3318:Dutch
3274:Italy
3270:Irish
3246:Greek
3230:Lyons
3084:Tibet
3048:Saudi
3027:Jumla
3013:Nepal
2955:Korea
2937:Japan
2905:Iraqi
2857:India
2841:China
2770:Mbour
2744:Tebul
2732:Kenya
2711:Ghana
2569:Wanib
2544:Tebul
2534:Sivia
2423:Mehek
2338:Jumla
2051:Sioux
2036:Palus
2033:Omaha
1896:Nohya
1795:Delhi
1717:Hanoi
1129:Macau
989:Omani
984:Saudi
934:Iraqi
817:Yolŋu
619:指尖手语
549:Slate
493:(2).
123:Kinds
109:touch
40:, or
5531:Mime
4982:Tone
4865:List
4716:and
4348:si5s
3978:Peru
3932:Cena
3849:Enga
3680:Cree
3555:Cuba
3489:Cree
3106:Thai
2971:Laos
2901:Iraq
2893:Iran
2876:Naga
2819:Asia
2757:Bura
2740:Mali
2646:(7+)
2448:Naga
2276:Enga
2246:Cena
2054:Taos
2000:Icāk
1991:Diné
1771:Sign
556:2016
495:ISSN
219:Lorm
140:and
4718:BSL
4714:ASL
4053:ASL
526:doi
362:.
5570::
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5055:/
4826:/
4738:^c
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