167:. Leaders and educators granda and Nuccio describe a "protactile movement" as empowering the DeafBlind community with a sense of community, with a language in DeafBlind people's preferred modality providing a remedy to the isolation imposed by hearing and sighted culture. They describe a protactile philosophy as supporting DeafBlind culture, relationships, and politics. Protactile is described by
4452:
203:
allows for smoother communication in protactile conversations. Tapping the partner's arm or leg during pauses or as confirmation of understanding serves as a continuous loop of backchannel feedback. Agreement, disagreement, laughter, and other responses are signaled using manual cues. These cues are
174:
In protactile, communication takes place by touch and movement focused primarily on the hands, wrist, elbow, arm, upper back, and when in a seated position, knees and the top of the thigh. In formal instruction of protactile while sitting and facing a conversation partner, the "listening hand" has
153:
It happened organically. We didn't "invent" . What we did was use our positions at the DeafBlind
Service Center to set up programs and events that would put DeafBlind people in a teaching role more often. And then when practices started really changing, we created a politics around it. We labeled
141:
In 2007, a group of three DeafBlind women working at the Deaf-Blind
Service Center in Seattle, aj granda, Jelica Nuccio, and Jackie Engler, communicated with each other using American Sign Language (ASL) through the use of interpreters. Using ASL required the group to either use interpreters to
195:
A significant innovation in protactile involves the concept of reciprocity. Communication partners are encouraged to use the same communication method (as opposed to using signed or spoken language along with protactile) to ensure vision is not unduly privileged. Sharing experience is a core
186:
as one of the core components distinguishing a sign from other signs, in protactile the handshape is less important than the sensation received (for example, a series of tapped signs using different handshapes would all just be received as taps, with the handshapes being indistinguishable).
175:
the thumb, index finger, and pinky extended, and is rested on the thigh of the other participant. For example, several rapid taps on the thigh with all four fingers would indicate "yes," where a rapid back and forth brushing movement with the fingers would indicate "no."
146:). The three worked together to devise ways to talk with each other directly, using their sense of touch as the primary source of information. They began inviting other DeafBlind people into their conversations and interacting using these new communication practices.
124:
people using tactile channels. Unlike other sign languages, which are heavily reliant on visual information, protactile is oriented towards touch and is practiced on the body. Protactile communication originated out of communications by DeafBlind people in
216:
writes, "instead of providing 'accurate and objective information' in a way that unsuccessfully attempts to create a replica of how they're experiencing the world, Protactile interpreters must be our informants, our partners, our accomplices."
231:
Protactile communication fosters inclusion and autonomy by providing DeafBlind people with more information about their environment. More robust communication leads to fewer misunderstandings and more sense of involvement and connection.
4805:
Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign
Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely,
178:
Tactile maps are used in protactile, communicating spatial information about the environment to the DeafBlind person. A map can be drawn on a recipient's hand, arm, or back to describe surroundings or give directions.
212:
The DeafBlind
Interpreting National Training and Resource Center was launched in 2017 as a resource for deafblind people. The Center staff work to train protactile interpreters; as DeafBlind author
182:
Instead of the "air space" used in visual sign languages, that is, the space around a signer's body, protactile is rooted in "contact space." While ASL and other sign languages rely on
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3803:
2354:
133:. Protactile is an emerging system of communication in the United States, with users relying on shared principles such as contact space, tactile imagery, and reciprocity.
196:
principle of protactile, with tactile imagery evoking sensations in storytelling in the same way that facial expressions do in a conversation between sighted people.
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2314:
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2219:
2211:
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as "much more than a system of touch signals," instead "a philosophy and a movement which focuses on autonomy and equality for people who are deaf-blind."
163:
Protactile has emerged in communities of people who were born deaf, learned ASL as children, then gradually lost their sight over decades, as is common in
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2006:
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provides parents and caretakers with information about protactile concepts such as tactile exploration, backchanneling, and co-presence.
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75:
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Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.
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5688:
5178:
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3962:
3011:
2272:
2246:
1113:
5481:
6538:
5595:
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4881:
4767:
4261:
4154:
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3427:
2481:
1320:
1125:
1037:
6623:
6448:
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5536:
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3644:
3639:
2551:
1908:
1173:
259:
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both originated in
English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to
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4615:
3903:
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3260:
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1862:
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920:
897:
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Serving the same function as body language or verbal acknowledgments (such as "mm-hmm" or "yeah"), tactile
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communicate simultaneously or limited their conversation to just two people communicating at a time (using
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1150:
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221:
66:
502:"Feeling Phonology: The conventionalization of phonology in protactile communities in the United States"
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5981:
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5693:
4717:
4405:
4292:
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5809:
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4235:
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3189:
3157:
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2726:
2541:
2419:
2309:
2024:
1945:
1797:
1140:
973:
933:
857:
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not standardized, but are developed according to the needs of the individual and specific situation.
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2319:
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2292:
2014:
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1608:
1432:
1342:
1327:
1218:
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886:
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1005:
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868:
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71:
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8:
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7000:
6868:
6738:
6591:
6525:
6423:
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5703:
5588:
5432:
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2431:
2414:
2359:
2349:
1970:
1810:
1683:
1572:
1315:
1082:
1077:
1027:
811:
6408:
5449:
4691:
643:"Q&A: How Pro-Tactile American Sign Language — PTASL — is changing the conversation"
7283:
6929:
6878:
6605:
6584:
6563:
6556:
6543:
6479:
6403:
6237:
6161:
6074:
5989:
5943:
5915:
5746:
5655:
5546:
5521:
5496:
5411:
5356:
5275:
5188:
5158:
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4738:
4636:
4117:
3942:
3199:
2969:
2850:
2750:
2675:
2369:
1820:
353:
318:
224:
led to the creation of a hybrid learning environment for young deafblind children. The
45:
6461:
7277:
6653:
6648:
6497:
6438:
6433:
6398:
6393:
6383:
6154:
6127:
6117:
6107:
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5935:
5930:
5865:
5834:
5823:
5773:
5731:
5716:
5623:
5366:
5341:
5336:
5296:
5226:
5163:
4944:
4641:
4302:
358:
340:
6995:
6990:
553:
7301:
7289:
7235:
7038:
6967:
6952:
6909:
6745:
6715:
6710:
6673:
6663:
6633:
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6428:
6305:
6273:
6259:
6252:
6202:
6179:
6140:
6097:
6038:
6020:
6002:
5925:
5920:
5910:
5883:
5751:
5678:
5668:
5644:
5630:
5609:
5526:
5384:
5374:
5303:
5254:
5213:
5153:
5148:
4911:
4900:
4840:
4651:
4482:
4463:
708:
527:
348:
330:
4646:
7033:
7020:
6919:
6774:
6668:
6658:
6510:
6468:
6323:
6294:
6287:
6245:
6232:
6227:
6217:
6212:
6197:
6009:
5873:
5741:
5726:
5721:
5711:
5551:
5541:
5392:
5351:
5203:
5198:
5140:
4964:
4850:
4777:
4572:
4552:
4431:
554:""New kinds of contact": A DeafBlind poet's push for a radical language of touch"
319:"The Grammatical Incorporation of Demonstratives in an Emerging Tactile Language"
143:
58:
5511:
501:
7295:
7024:
6962:
6924:
6769:
6725:
6720:
6705:
6700:
6577:
6515:
6487:
6453:
6318:
6313:
6207:
6132:
5891:
5878:
5736:
5673:
5663:
5602:
5574:
5491:
5379:
5317:
5310:
5218:
5088:
4949:
4686:
4671:
4562:
4547:
4317:
213:
164:
671:
335:
7350:
6730:
6643:
6548:
6388:
6338:
6192:
5759:
5581:
5516:
5416:
5240:
5168:
5078:
4954:
4656:
4557:
4542:
4537:
4174:
752:
344:
121:
35:
475:
6972:
6957:
6914:
6782:
6333:
6280:
5173:
4989:
4984:
4532:
4477:
362:
4666:
4436:
6092:
4974:
4421:
2982:
2456:
7043:
5108:
4307:
4276:
4132:
3568:
183:
105:
4487:
4446:
4297:
4051:
4122:
614:
225:
149:
In describing the origin of protactile, granda and Nuccio write:
126:
721:
7104:
4751:
3836:
1108:
1096:
453:. Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans
49:
711:
article by Jelica Nuccio and John Lee Clark published in the
528:"Protactile Linguistics: Discussing recent research findings"
4451:
4441:
709:
Protactile
Linguistics: Discussing recent research findings
699:
article from deafblind writer John Lee Clark published in
253:
251:
249:
247:
245:
4708:
Association of Visual
Language Interpreters of Canada
403:
401:
470:
468:
242:
4880:
713:Journal of American Sign Languages and Literatures
532:Journal of American Sign Languages and Literatures
493:
398:
310:
5042:North-Central American / Upper Midwestern English
672:Pro-tactile ASL: A new language for the DeafBlind
465:
444:"Pro-Tactile : Empowering Deaf-Blind People"
374:
372:
154:things, and tried to document what was happening.
7348:
4909:
609:
607:
4723:World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
499:
316:
267:World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
637:
635:
519:
369:
4866:
4713:International Center on Deafness and the Arts
737:
604:
286:
284:
2771:
787:
576:
574:
378:
692:New language has been born in the Northwest
632:
525:
293:"New Protactile language emerges in Oregon"
4873:
4859:
744:
730:
281:
682:New Protactile language emerges in Oregon
571:
437:
435:
433:
431:
429:
379:granda, aj; Nuccio, Jelica (March 2016).
352:
334:
526:Nuccio, Jelica; Clark, John Lee (2020).
500:Edwards, Terra; Brentari, Diane (2020).
317:Edwards, Terra; Brentari, Diane (2021).
290:
257:
5132:
4518:Manually coded language in South Africa
545:
476:"Unit 2: Proper Hand Placement and Use"
409:"Touch Signals Terminology & Signs"
207:
7349:
426:
4908:
4854:
2770:
786:
725:
580:
129:in 2007 and incorporates signs from
4829:
4820:
4798:
1555:Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
551:
441:
169:Helen Keller Services for the Blind
13:
2868:Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti
2482:Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)
291:Van Wing, Sage (January 5, 2022).
14:
7373:
751:
665:
27:Protactile American Sign Language
16:Language used by DeafBlind people
7150:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
4980:Inland Northern American English
4450:
4241:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
7132:Martha's Vineyard Sign Language
4831:
4822:
4800:
4768:U.S. Army hand and arm signals
3852:Far North Queensland Indigenous
2474:Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)
552:Yeh, James (December 1, 2020).
506:DeafBlind Culture and Community
4882:Languages of the United States
4589:Bilingual–bicultural education
3909:Western Torres Strait Islander
2983:Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)
960:Western Torres Strait Islander
385:Pro-Tactile: The DeafBlind Way
190:
158:
1:
3661:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
2809:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2671:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2420:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
1927:Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)
587:McSweeney's Quarterly Concern
235:
7085:Black American Sign Language
6863:Creole Hawai'i Sign Language
5104:Western Pennsylvania English
2247:Providence Island (Provisle)
1897:North West Frontier Province
647:Perkins School for the Blind
258:granda, aj; Nuccio, Jelica.
7:
6879:Navajo Family Sign Language
3847:Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)
222:National Science Foundation
10:
7378:
7095:Puerto Rican Sign Language
4718:Mimics and Gesture Theatre
3927:Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo)
3857:Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)
2643:Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)
2497:Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)
1917:Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)
1311:Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)
686:Oregon Public Broadcasting
297:Oregon Public Broadcasting
136:
7170:
7141:
7121:
7103:
7070:
7061:
7019:
6981:
6938:
6900:
6891:
6851:
6818:Anishinaabe Sign Language
6809:
6800:
6755:
6693:
6686:
6622:
6524:
6496:
6478:
6374:
6356:
6304:
6178:
6073:
6019:
5980:
5953:
5901:
5864:
5833:
5797:
5702:
5654:
5480:
5430:
5402:
5365:
5327:
5139:
5121:
5067:Southern American English
5047:Pacific Northwest English
5037:Northern American English
4918:
4899:
4888:
4796:
4731:
4700:
4629:
4606:
4581:
4496:
4473:
4462:
4414:
4316:
4254:
4183:
4145:
4110:
3994:
3963:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
3826:
3536:
3221:
2912:
2777:
2763:
2704:
2402:Hawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)
2260:
2235:
2212:Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam)
2196:
2179:
2060:
2051:
2033:
2005:
1969:
1935:
1907:
1861:
1833:
1796:
1760:
1739:
1718:
1697:
1676:
1642:
1619:Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)
1601:
1592:
1562:
1545:
1528:
1489:
1465:
1383:
1372:
1296:
1287:
1258:
1245:
1236:
1201:
1159:
1114:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
1104:
1095:
1065:
1036:
1023:
1014:
981:
972:
947:
919:
793:
777:
769:List by number of signers
759:
336:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579992
103:
98:
55:
41:
31:
26:
21:
5845:San Felipe–Santo Domingo
5099:Western American English
4995:Midland American English
4970:General American English
4923:African-American English
4528:Paget Gorman Sign System
3982:Samoa and American Samoa
2772:Sign languages by region
2557:Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)
2283:Albarradas Sign Language
2273:Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)
2106:Meciciya ka pekiskwakehk
1958:Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)
1922:Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)
1174:Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)
788:Sign languages by family
581:Clark, John Lee (2021).
451:Human Development Center
269:. Tactile Communications
6821:Blackfoot Sign Language
5032:New York Latino English
4935:American Indian English
4773:Monastic sign languages
4621:Television shows (list)
4594:Manually coded language
4427:Hamburg Notation System
2220:Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)
1466:Indonesian (Nusantaric)
1189:Finnish (Viittomakieli)
1126:Northern Ireland (NISL)
323:Frontiers in Psychology
260:"Protactile Principles"
226:DeafBlind Kids! website
7157:Henniker Sign Language
7080:American Sign Language
6824:Cheyenne Sign Language
5689:Central Siberian Yupik
5684:Central Alaskan Yup'ik
5179:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
5089:Upper Michigan English
5062:Puerto Rican Englishes
4744:CHCI chimpanzee center
4513:Manually coded English
4211:Henniker Sign Language
3877:Warumungu (Warramunga)
3862:Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)
2856:Hausa (Magannar Hannu)
764:List of sign languages
156:
144:hand over hand signing
131:American Sign Language
120:is a language used by
6859:Hawai'i Sign Language
6842:Ktunaxa Sign Language
6837:Plateau Sign Language
6599:Northern Sierra Miwok
6539:Southern Sierra Miwok
5848:Zia–Santa Ana Pueblos
5596:Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie
5084:Transatlantic English
5027:New York City English
5017:New Mexican Englishes
5000:New England Englishes
4568:Signing Exact English
4508:Indian Signing System
4231:Plateau Sign Language
3605:Inuit (Atgangmuurniq)
3182:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2712:Amami Shuwa languages
2385:Guatemalan (Lensegua)
2325:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2304:Caucasian (Harsneren)
2252:Old Cayman (Guyanese)
1780:Norwegian (Tegnspråk)
1752:French Belgian (LSFB)
1184:Swedish (Teckenspråk)
413:Helen Keller Services
381:"Pro-Tactile Vlog #5"
151:
7307:Serbo-Croatian (0.3)
7175:in 2021 in millions)
7113:Samoan Sign Language
6830:Navajo Sign Language
6765:Afro-Seminole Creole
6534:Central Sierra Miwok
6113:North Straits Salish
5537:Mescalero-Chiricahua
5057:Philadelphia English
4816:French Sign Language
4523:Manually Coded Malay
4331:British (two-handed)
4267:Bimodal bilingualism
3897:Far North Queensland
3205:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
2727:Sri Lankan languages
2658:Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)
2562:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
2073:Chaticks si Chaticks
2053:Plains Sign Language
1971:Mayan (Meemul Tziij)
1473:Indonesian (Bisindo)
1151:South African (SASL)
874:Far North Queensland
674:2-minute video from
208:Education and impact
7173:(number of speakers
7171:Immigrant languages
6869:Inuit Sign Language
5094:Utah Mormon English
5022:New Orleans English
4940:Appalachian English
2738:Tanzanian languages
2717:Ethiopian languages
2684:Nanabin (NanabinSL)
1775:Icelandic (Táknmál)
1490:Francophone African
1448:Puerto Rican (PRSL)
1306:Swiss-German (DSGS)
1237:Chilean-Paraguayan-
442:Collins, Steven D.
6948:Pennsylvania Dutch
6827:Cree Sign Language
6639:Havasupai–Hualapai
6585:Kings River Yokuts
6564:Buena Vista Yokuts
6544:Tule-Kaweah Yokuts
5052:Pennsylvania Dutch
4975:High Tider English
4960:California English
4739:Baby sign language
4637:Jabbar Baghtcheban
4118:International Sign
4021:Brazilian (Libras)
3935:New Zealand (NZSL)
3882:Mudbura (Mudburra)
3810:Sandy River Valley
3789:Keresan (Keresign)
3380:Yugoslav (Kosovar)
2751:International Sign
2732:Sudanese languages
2355:Navajo/Diné Family
2169:Wíyut'a / Wíblut'e
2007:Original Thai Sign
1785:Danish (Tegnsprog)
1328:Brazilian (Libras)
1141:New Zealand (NZSL)
7344:
7343:
7166:
7165:
7057:
7056:
6887:
6886:
6801:Manual Indigenous
6796:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6682:
6681:
6057:Northeastern Pomo
6044:Southeastern Pomo
5817:Northern Kalapuya
5117:
5116:
4945:Baltimore English
4848:
4847:
4841:extinct languages
4763:Legal recognition
4642:Jeanette Berglind
4602:
4601:
4303:Nonmanual feature
4216:Martha's Vineyard
4141:
4140:
3795:Martha's Vineyard
3290:Faroese (Teknmál)
3012:Al-Sayyid Bedouin
2822:Bouakako (LaSiBo)
2759:
2758:
2744:Zimsign languages
2722:Laotian languages
2606:Rwandan (AKR/AMR)
2365:Ecuadorian (LSEC)
2310:Azerbaijani (AİD)
2231:
2230:
1829:
1828:
1672:
1671:
1588:
1587:
1578:Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)
1283:
1282:
1211:Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
1197:
1196:
1091:
1090:
1061:
1060:
968:
967:
823:Eltye eltyarrenke
803:
802:multiple families
615:"DeafBlind Kids!"
220:A grant from the
115:
114:
7369:
7068:
7067:
7039:Louisiana Creole
6898:
6897:
6807:
6806:
6691:
6690:
5982:Plateau Penutian
5810:Central Kalapuya
5137:
5136:
5130:
5129:
4912:American English
4906:
4905:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4852:
4851:
4835:
4826:
4804:
4692:Pierre Pélissier
4677:Thomas Gallaudet
4652:Thomas Braidwood
4483:Initialized sign
4471:
4470:
4454:
3939:Papua New Guinea
3842:Australian-Irish
3548:Plains Sign Talk
3428:Northern Ireland
3424:Northern Ireland
2947:Hong Kong (HKSL)
2768:
2767:
2547:Nicaraguan (ISN)
2462:Kenyan (KSL/LAK)
2278:Albanian (AlbSL)
2058:
2057:
1872:Bangalore-Madras
1853:Israeli (Shassi)
1821:Thai (TSL/MSTSL)
1731:Honduran (LESHO)
1599:
1598:
1457:Singapore (SgSL)
1393:Black ASL (BASL)
1381:
1380:
1321:Australian-Irish
1294:
1293:
1243:
1242:
1219:Hong Kong (HKSL)
1179:Portuguese (LGP)
1169:Eritrean (EriSL)
1102:
1101:
1021:
1020:
979:
978:
917:
916:
801:
784:
783:
746:
739:
732:
723:
722:
659:
658:
656:
654:
639:
630:
629:
627:
625:
611:
602:
601:
599:
597:
583:"Against Access"
578:
569:
568:
566:
564:
549:
543:
542:
540:
538:
523:
517:
516:
514:
512:
497:
491:
490:
488:
486:
472:
463:
462:
460:
458:
448:
439:
424:
423:
421:
419:
405:
396:
395:
393:
391:
376:
367:
366:
356:
338:
314:
308:
307:
305:
303:
288:
279:
278:
276:
274:
264:
255:
108:
61:
19:
18:
7377:
7376:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7367:
7366:
7347:
7346:
7345:
7340:
7174:
7172:
7162:
7137:
7117:
7099:
7063:
7053:
7015:
6977:
6934:
6893:
6883:
6847:
6802:
6788:
6757:
6751:
6678:
6625:
6618:
6520:
6492:
6474:
6419:Northern Paiute
6370:
6366:Coast Tsimshian
6352:
6300:
6174:
6069:
6015:
5976:
5949:
5897:
5860:
5829:
5793:
5698:
5650:
5557:Upper Kuskokwim
5483:
5476:
5426:
5398:
5361:
5323:
5124:
5123:Oral Indigenous
5113:
5109:Yeshiva English
4965:Chicano English
4914:
4895:
4884:
4879:
4849:
4844:
4792:
4778:Tactile signing
4727:
4696:
4625:
4598:
4577:
4553:Signed Japanese
4499:
4492:
4465:
4458:
4432:Stokoe notation
4410:
4312:
4272:Phonology (ASL)
4250:
4185:
4179:
4137:
4106:
4005:Argentine (LSA)
3990:
3822:
3645:New Costa Rican
3640:Old Costa Rican
3540:
3538:
3532:
3416:North Macedonia
3217:
2908:
2843:Bamako (LaSiMa)
2773:
2755:
2705:Other groupings
2700:
2552:Old Costa Rican
2527:Burkina (Mossi)
2507:Mauritian (MSL)
2380:Ghardaia (AJSL)
2293:Argentine (LSA)
2256:
2238:
2227:
2192:
2175:
2047:
2029:
2001:
1965:
1931:
1903:
1864:
1857:
1825:
1792:
1762:Danish (Tegnic)
1756:
1735:
1714:
1693:
1668:
1643:Yugoslavic Sign
1638:
1609:Bulgarian (БЖЕ)
1594:
1584:
1573:Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)
1558:
1548:Hoailona ʻŌlelo
1541:
1524:
1511:Bamako (LaSiMa)
1492:(Françafrosign)
1491:
1485:
1461:
1433:Malaysian (BIM)
1375:
1368:
1343:Valencian (LSV)
1279:
1270:Paraguay (LSPY)
1261:
1254:
1238:
1232:
1193:
1155:
1087:
1057:
1032:
1016:
1010:
974:Arab (Ishaaric)
964:
943:
915:
828:Iltyeme iltyeme
799:
796:
789:
779:
773:
755:
750:
719:
668:
663:
662:
652:
650:
641:
640:
633:
623:
621:
619:DeafBlind Kids!
613:
612:
605:
595:
593:
579:
572:
562:
560:
550:
546:
536:
534:
524:
520:
510:
508:
498:
494:
484:
482:
474:
473:
466:
456:
454:
446:
440:
427:
417:
415:
407:
406:
399:
389:
387:
377:
370:
315:
311:
301:
299:
289:
282:
272:
270:
262:
256:
243:
238:
210:
193:
161:
139:
104:
94:
62:
59:Language family
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7375:
7365:
7364:
7359:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7338:
7332:
7326:
7320:
7314:
7308:
7305:
7299:
7293:
7287:
7281:
7275:
7269:
7263:
7260:
7254:
7248:
7242:
7239:
7233:
7227:
7221:
7215:
7209:
7203:
7197:
7191:
7185:
7178:
7176:
7168:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7153:
7145:
7143:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7135:
7127:
7125:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7115:
7109:
7107:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7076:
7074:
7065:
7062:Manual settler
7059:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7030:
7028:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6991:Caló (Chicano)
6987:
6985:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6944:
6942:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6906:
6904:
6895:
6889:
6888:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6874:Keresan Pueblo
6871:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6832:
6831:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6819:
6815:
6813:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6794:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6778:
6777:
6772:
6770:Chinook Jargon
6767:
6761:
6759:
6756:Mixed or trade
6753:
6752:
6750:
6749:
6742:
6734:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6697:
6695:
6688:
6684:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6630:
6628:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6609:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6578:Gashowu Yokuts
6574:
6567:
6560:
6552:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6530:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6502:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6484:
6482:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6465:
6457:
6456:
6451:
6449:Ute-Chemehuevi
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6380:
6378:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6362:
6360:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6342:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6310:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6291:
6284:
6277:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6184:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6169:Upper Chehalis
6165:
6158:
6151:
6148:Lower Chehalis
6144:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6088:Columbia-Moses
6085:
6079:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6060:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6025:
6023:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6006:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5986:
5984:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5966:
5965:
5959:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5907:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5842:Cochiti Pueblo
5839:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5820:
5813:
5805:
5803:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5784:
5777:
5770:
5763:
5755:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5708:
5706:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5660:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5570:
5569:
5567:Western Apache
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5488:
5486:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5438:
5436:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5408:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5333:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5269:Mohegan-Pequot
5265:
5262:Miami-Illinois
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5134:
5127:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5007:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4950:Boston English
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4878:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4855:
4846:
4845:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4687:William Stokoe
4684:
4679:
4674:
4672:Valerie Sutton
4669:
4664:
4662:Abbé de l'Épée
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4612:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4573:Signed Swedish
4570:
4565:
4563:Signed Spanish
4560:
4555:
4550:
4548:Signed Italian
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4391:Serbo-Croatian
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4318:Fingerspelling
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4096:
4091:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4057:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4041:
4036:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4010:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3937:
3932:
3929:
3924:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3904:Western Desert
3901:
3900:
3899:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3801:
3798:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3755:American (ASL)
3752:
3749:
3747:Old Salvadoran
3744:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3692:
3687:
3684:
3679:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3658:
3655:
3650:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3617:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3595:Maritime (MSL)
3592:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3564:American (ASL)
3561:
3558:
3553:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3510:Central Taurus
3507:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3491:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3457:
3454:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3398:
3393:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3337:
3334:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3308:
3303:
3300:
3295:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3274:
3271:
3266:
3265:United Kingdom
3263:
3261:French Belgian
3258:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3242:
3237:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3163:
3160:
3155:
3152:
3147:
3144:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3061:Kazakh-Russian
3058:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2965:Indo-Pakistani
2962:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2890:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2577:Peruvian (LSP)
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2522:Miyakubo Shuwa
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2360:Dogon/Douentza
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2182:American (ASL)
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2043:Namibian (NSL)
2039:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1949:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1863:Indo-Pakistani
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1710:Tunisian (TSL)
1707:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1664:Yugoslav (YSL)
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1650:Croatian (HZJ)
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1569:
1567:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1521:Sierra Leonean
1519:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1444:Filipino (FSL)
1441:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1388:American (ASL)
1384:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1364:Romanian (LSR)
1361:
1360:
1359:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1301:Algerian (LSA)
1297:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1262:Uruguayan Sign
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1250:Chilean (LSCh)
1246:
1240:
1239:Uruguayan Sign
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1207:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:Maritime (MSL)
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1001:Qatari Unified
998:
993:
988:
982:
976:
970:
969:
966:
965:
963:
962:
957:
951:
949:
948:Zendath Kesign
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
931:
925:
923:
921:Western Desert
914:
913:
908:
903:
900:
898:Worora Kinship
895:
890:
883:
878:
877:
876:
866:
861:
854:
849:
844:
837:
830:
825:
820:
815:
807:
805:
791:
790:
781:
775:
774:
772:
771:
766:
760:
757:
756:
749:
748:
741:
734:
726:
717:
716:
706:
697:Against access
694:
689:
679:
667:
666:External links
664:
661:
660:
649:. October 2018
631:
603:
570:
544:
518:
492:
480:DeafBlind Kids
464:
425:
397:
368:
309:
280:
240:
239:
237:
234:
214:John Lee Clark
209:
206:
201:backchanneling
192:
189:
165:Usher syndrome
160:
157:
138:
135:
113:
112:
109:
101:
100:
99:Language codes
96:
95:
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
88:
65:
63:
56:
53:
52:
43:
39:
38:
33:
32:Native to
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7374:
7363:
7362:Sign language
7360:
7358:
7357:Deafblindness
7355:
7354:
7352:
7336:
7333:
7330:
7327:
7324:
7321:
7318:
7315:
7312:
7309:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7288:
7285:
7282:
7279:
7276:
7273:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7252:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7216:
7213:
7210:
7207:
7204:
7201:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7169:
7159:
7158:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7140:
7134:
7133:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7124:
7120:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7106:
7102:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7066:
7060:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6974:
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6961:
6959:
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6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
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6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6903:
6899:
6896:
6890:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6862:
6861:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6850:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6834:
6833:
6829:
6826:
6823:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6812:
6808:
6805:
6799:
6785:
6784:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6754:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6736:
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6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6689:
6685:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6596:
6594:
6593:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6575:
6573:
6572:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6559:
6558:
6554:
6553:
6550:
6549:Valley Yokuts
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6458:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6367:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6329:Southern Tiwa
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6292:
6290:
6289:
6288:Tutelo-Saponi
6285:
6283:
6282:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6269:
6268:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6143:
6142:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6083:Coeur d'Alene
6081:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6066:
6065:
6064:Northern Pomo
6061:
6059:
6058:
6054:
6053:
6050:
6049:Southern Pomo
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6012:
6011:
6007:
6005:
6004:
6000:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5979:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5857:Laguna Pueblo
5856:
5853:
5851:Western Keres
5850:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5781:Susquehannock
5778:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5767:Neutral Huron
5764:
5762:
5761:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5695:
5694:Chevak Cup’ik
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5617:Plains Apache
5614:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5423:
5422:Upper Chinook
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5248:Nawathinehena
5245:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5120:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5079:Texan English
5077:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4990:Maine English
4988:
4986:
4985:Miami English
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4955:Cajun English
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4890:Languages in
4887:
4883:
4876:
4871:
4869:
4864:
4862:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:Miscellaneous
4730:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:Organisations
4699:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4657:Laurent Clerc
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4647:Pär Aron Borg
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4558:Signed Polish
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4543:Signed German
4541:
4539:
4538:Signed French
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4453:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4262:Grammar (ASL)
4260:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4111:International
4109:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:South America
3993:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3968:Rossel Island
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3958:Mount Avejaha
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3804:Navajo Family
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3751:United States
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2880:South African
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Yoruban (YSL)
2689:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Bura (Burasl)
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:West African
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2653:Ugandan (USL)
2651:
2649:
2648:Turkish (TİD)
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Spanish (LSE)
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Rossel Island
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:Qahveh Khaneh
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:Mount Avejaha
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Maltese (LSM)
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Atgangmuurniq
2413:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2390:Guinea-Bissau
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1996:Cepeda Peraza
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:Highland Maya
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1909:Japanese Sign
1906:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1747:Flemish (VGT)
1745:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:Mexican (LSM)
1724:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:Italian (LIS)
1703:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1634:Russian (РЖЯ)
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Latvian (LSL)
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1464:
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1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1338:Catalan (LSC)
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1275:Uruguay (LSU)
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
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1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:British (BSL)
1119:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1084:
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977:
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971:
961:
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950:
946:
940:
939:Ngaatjatjarra
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
924:
922:
918:
912:
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907:
904:
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836:
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826:
824:
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819:
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809:
808:
806:
798:
792:
785:
782:
776:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
758:
754:
753:Sign language
747:
742:
740:
735:
733:
728:
727:
724:
720:
714:
710:
707:
704:
703:
698:
695:
693:
690:
687:
684:article from
683:
680:
677:
673:
670:
669:
648:
644:
638:
636:
620:
616:
610:
608:
592:
588:
584:
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559:
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529:
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507:
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481:
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386:
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364:
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328:
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298:
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218:
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202:
197:
188:
185:
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155:
150:
147:
145:
134:
132:
128:
123:
119:
110:
107:
102:
97:
87:
84:
83:
82:
81:American Sign
79:
78:
77:
73:
70:
69:
68:
64:
60:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
37:
36:United States
34:
30:
25:
20:
7155:
7148:
7130:
7122:
7089:
7011:Sabine River
7006:Puerto Rican
6958:Plautdietsch
6892:Oral settler
6835:
6783:Mohawk Dutch
6781:
6744:
6737:
6613:Plains Miwok
6611:
6604:
6597:
6590:
6583:
6576:
6569:
6562:
6555:
6467:
6460:
6345:
6293:
6286:
6279:
6272:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6167:
6160:
6153:
6146:
6139:
6062:
6055:
6034:Eastern Pomo
6029:Central Pomo
6008:
6001:
5969:
5942:
5890:
5854:Acoma Pueblo
5822:
5815:
5808:
5798:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5765:
5758:
5643:
5638:Upper Umpqua
5636:
5629:
5622:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5562:Upper Tanana
5532:Lower Tanana
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5431:
5391:
5329:Austronesian
5316:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5283:Narragansett
5281:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5184:Massachusett
4910:Dialects of
4894:are extinct.
4891:
4836:
4830:
4821:
4819:
4799:
4782:
4616:Films (list)
4533:Signed Dutch
4478:Contact sign
3923:Hawaii (USA)
3816:
3809:
3794:
3764:
3619:
3610:
3573:
3502:Swiss-German
3138:Saudi Arabia
2876:South Africa
2610:
2593:
2467:Somali (SSL)
2394:
2302:
2237:Providencia–
2216:Nesilextcl'n
2189:Oneida (OSL)
2151:Tickanwa•tic
2139:Schitsu'umsh
2121:Nųmą́khų́·ki
2035:Paget Gorman
1956:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1900:Punjab-Sindh
1848:Polish (PJM)
1843:German (DGS)
1719:Mexican Sign
1698:Italian Sign
1602:Russian Sign
1565:French (LSF)
1538:Oneida (OSL)
1452:Quebec (LSQ)
1437:Oneida (OSL)
1397:
1354:
1350:French (LSF)
1203:Chinese Sign
1161:Swedish Sign
885:
856:
839:
832:
810:
718:
712:
700:
653:February 12,
651:. Retrieved
646:
624:February 12,
622:. Retrieved
618:
596:February 12,
594:. Retrieved
590:
586:
563:February 12,
561:. Retrieved
557:
547:
537:February 12,
535:. Retrieved
531:
521:
511:February 12,
509:. Retrieved
505:
495:
485:February 12,
483:. Retrieved
479:
457:February 12,
455:. Retrieved
450:
418:February 12,
416:. Retrieved
412:
390:February 12,
388:. Retrieved
384:
326:
322:
312:
302:February 12,
300:. Retrieved
296:
273:February 12,
271:. Retrieved
266:
230:
219:
211:
198:
194:
181:
177:
173:
162:
152:
148:
140:
117:
116:
85:
7241:Hindi (0.9)
7049:Angloromani
7001:New Mexican
6930:New England
6571:Coast Miwok
6444:Tübatulabal
6376:Uto-Aztecan
6358:Tsimshianic
6347:Piro Pueblo
6267:Mitchigamea
6223:Omaha–Ponca
6188:Assiniboine
6103:Lushootseed
5955:Palaihnihan
5788:Wenrohronon
5484:Yeniseian?)
5347:Refaluwasch
5234:Gros Ventre
4758:Open Outcry
4682:Abbé Sicard
4667:Roger Fouts
4498:Signed Oral
4437:SignWriting
4285:Orientation
4255:Linguistics
4236:Pitha Pitha
3931:New Zealand
3867:Manjiljarra
3738:El Salvador
3498:Switzerland
3408:Netherlands
3248:Azerbaijani
3190:Old Bangkok
3130:Philippines
2818:Ivory Coast
2612:Sandy River
2350:Cuban (LSC)
2239:Cayman Sign
2088:Hinono'eino
2079:Coahuilteco
2064:Anishinaabe
2025:Old Bangkok
1946:Old Kentish
1875:Beluchistan
1835:German Sign
1816:Ho Chi Minh
1740:Old Belgian
1684:Dutch (NGT)
1423:Costa Rican
1316:Irish (ISL)
1260:Paraguayan-
1051:Palestinian
934:Manjiljarra
929:Kartutjarra
864:Rdaka rdaka
858:Pitha Pitha
702:McSweeney's
191:Reciprocity
159:Description
7351:Categories
7262:Urdu (0.5)
7230:Portuguese
7200:Vietnamese
7090:Protactile
7072:Francosign
6739:Chitimacha
6592:Lake Miwok
6093:Halkomelem
5589:Holikachuk
5464:Purisimeño
5209:Potawatomi
4928:Vernacular
4783:Protactile
4422:ASL-phabet
4406:Portuguese
4308:Sign names
4293:Expression
4221:Old French
4206:Kalkutungu
4175:Name signs
4165:Literature
4102:Venezuelan
4076:Inmaculada
4068:Paraguayan
4060:Ecuadorian
3914:Yir Yoront
3765:Protactile
3742:Salvadoran
3734:Panamanian
3721:Nicaraguan
3698:Albarradas
3669:Guatemalan
3626:Costa Rica
3621:Old Cayman
3574:Protactile
3452:Portuguese
3420:Macedonian
3396:Lithuanian
3244:Azerbaijan
3213:Vietnamese
3170:Tajikistan
3158:Sri Lankan
3057:Kazakhstan
3027:Kafr Qasem
2978:Indonesian
2680:Mofu-Gudur
2618:Salvadoran
2595:Rennellese
2582:Inmaculada
2537:Mozambican
2487:Macedonian
2457:Kata Kolok
2447:Kafr Qasim
2406:Creole HSL
2157:Tsuu T'ina
2118:Niitsítapi
2112:Ni Mii Puu
2103:Maagiadawa
2067:Apsáalooke
1993:Trascorral
1677:Dutch Sign
1480:Yogyakarta
1440:Panamanian
1398:Protactile
1356:Old French
1333:Lithuanian
1289:Francosign
906:Yir Yoront
893:Warramunga
841:Kalkutungu
797:Aboriginal
795:Australian
329:: 579992.
236:References
118:Protactile
86:Protactile
67:Francosign
46:Washington
22:Protactile
7064:languages
7044:Spanglish
7027:languages
6953:Hutterite
6910:Louisiana
6894:languages
6811:Hand Talk
6803:languages
6758:Languages
6606:Palewyami
6557:Bay Miwok
6526:Yuk-Utian
6404:Kitanemuk
6238:Winnebago
6162:Tillamook
5990:Nez Perce
5944:Apalachee
5916:Chickasaw
5903:Muskogean
5800:Kalapuyan
5747:Tuscarora
5704:Iroquoian
5547:Tanacross
5522:Jicarilla
5497:Deg Xinag
5471:Ventureño
5443:Barbareño
5433:Chumashan
5412:Kathlamet
5404:Chinookan
5357:Tokelauan
5276:Nanticoke
5189:Menominee
5159:Blackfoot
5125:languages
4839:indicate
4500:Languages
4401:Ukrainian
4361:Hungarian
4346:Esperanto
4277:Handshape
4246:Warluwara
4186:languages
4170:Profanity
4133:Signalong
4098:Venezuela
4094:Uruguayan
4047:Colombian
4001:Argentina
3872:Warlmanpa
3833:Australia
3771:Blackfeet
3760:Black ASL
3717:Nicaragua
3665:Guatemala
3657:Greenland
3580:Blackfoot
3569:Black ASL
3537:North and
3528:Ukrainian
3486:Valencian
3468:Slovenian
3436:Norwegian
3392:Lithuania
3356:Icelandic
3348:Hungarian
3195:Chiangmai
3166:Taiwanese
3154:Sri Lanka
3150:Singapore
3146:Singapore
3103:Mongolian
3077:Malaysian
2974:Indonesia
2943:Hong Kong
2931:Cambodian
2888:Tanzanian
2764:By region
2320:Bhutanese
2115:Niimíipuu
2097:Karankawa
2020:Hai Phong
2015:Chiangmai
1806:Hai Phong
1798:Viet-Thai
1660:Slovenian
1629:Mongolian
1595:Hungarian
1531:Hand Talk
1498:Ethiopian
1426:Dominican
1420:Cambodian
1215:Shanghai
1045:Jordanian
1038:Levantine
1017:Levantine
902:Yan-nhaŋu
887:Warluwara
881:Warlmanpa
847:Miriwoong
345:1664-1078
184:handshape
122:deafblind
106:ISO 639-3
7311:Armenian
7284:Gujarati
7278:Japanese
7142:Isolates
6968:Alsatian
6920:Missouri
6852:Isolates
6694:Isolates
6654:Maricopa
6649:Kumeyaay
6480:Wakashan
6439:Timbisha
6434:Shoshoni
6399:Kawaiisu
6394:Ivilyuat
6384:Comanche
6155:Quinault
6128:Thompson
6118:Okanagan
6108:Nooksack
6075:Salishan
5995:Sahaptin
5971:Atsugewi
5963:Achumawi
5936:Muscogee
5931:Mikasuki
5824:Yoncalla
5774:Nottoway
5732:Onondaga
5717:Cherokee
5656:Eskaleut
5624:Tsetsaut
5507:Gwich’in
5502:Dena'ina
5457:Obispeño
5342:Hawaiian
5337:Chamorro
5297:Powhatan
5227:Etchemin
5164:Cheyenne
5133:Families
4488:Mouthing
4464:Language
4447:ASLwrite
4371:Japanese
4326:American
4298:Mouthing
4289:Movement
4281:Location
4226:Old Kent
4192:Chilmark
4128:Monastic
4081:Peruvian
4064:Paraguay
4052:Provisle
4043:Colombia
4013:Bolivian
3973:Sinasina
3817:Henniker
3777:Cheyenne
3729:Chiriqui
3690:Honduran
3686:Honduras
3556:Belizean
3464:Slovenia
3448:Portugal
3314:Ghardaia
3298:Estonian
3277:Croatian
3240:Austrian
3232:Armenian
3186:Thailand
3134:Filipino
3126:Nepalese
3111:Ghandruk
3099:Mongolia
3095:Maldives
3091:Maldives
3087:Selangor
3073:Malaysia
3045:Miyakubo
3035:Japanese
3017:Ghardaia
2927:Cambodia
2884:Tanzania
2797:Cameroon
2793:Ghardaia
2788:Algerian
2623:Sinasina
2396:Henniker
2375:Ghandruk
2315:Belizean
2298:Armenian
2261:Isolates
2208:Kalispel
2205:A'aninin
2163:Wazhazhe
2160:Umatilla
2142:Shiwinna
2133:Piipaash
2082:Dane-zaa
2076:Cheyenne
1981:Yucatec
1952:Chilmark
1886:Calcutta
1770:Malagasy
1614:Georgian
1518:Nigerian
1515:Moroccan
1504:Ghanaian
1429:Jamaican
1415:Mandalay
1404:Bolivian
1374:American
1066:Possible
1048:Lebanese
986:Egyptian
852:Mudburra
818:Djingili
780:families
778:Language
363:33519599
7302:Punjabi
7290:Bengali
7266:Persian
7257:Italian
7236:Haitian
7224:Russian
7194:Tagalog
7188:Chinese
7182:Spanish
7123:Kentish
6983:Spanish
6963:Bernese
6925:Muskrat
6746:Tonkawa
6716:Siuslaw
6711:Kutenai
6674:Yavapai
6664:Quechan
6634:Cocopah
6626:Cochimí
6506:Nomlaki
6498:Wintuan
6429:Serrano
6424:O'odham
6409:Luiseño
6324:Picuris
6274:Moneton
6260:Chiwere
6253:Catawba
6203:Hidatsa
6141:Cowlitz
6098:Klallam
6039:Kashaya
6003:Klamath
5926:Koasati
5921:Choctaw
5911:Alabama
5884:Nisenan
5866:Maiduan
5835:Keresan
5752:Wyandot
5679:Alutiiq
5669:Inupiat
5645:Wailaki
5631:Tututni
5610:Mattole
5527:Koyukon
5450:Cruzeño
5385:Wichita
5375:Arikara
5367:Caddoan
5304:Quiripi
5290:Pamlico
5255:Mahican
5214:Shawnee
5194:Mi'kmaq
5154:Arapaho
5149:Abenaki
5010:Western
5005:Eastern
4901:English
4892:italics
4837:Italics
4788:Tic-tac
4630:Persons
4466:contact
4415:Writing
4396:Spanish
4386:Russian
4341:Chilean
4336:Catalan
4201:Jaralde
4184:Extinct
4155:Grammar
4123:Makaton
4090:Uruguay
4056:Ecuador
4039:Chilean
4031:Ka'apor
4009:Bolivia
3827:Oceania
3713:Mexican
3703:Chatino
3682:Haitian
3611:Plateau
3541:America
3539:Central
3524:Ukraine
3520:Turkish
3494:Swedish
3481:Spanish
3476:Catalan
3460:Russian
3404:Russian
3400:Moldova
3388:Latvian
3372:Italian
3360:Ireland
3352:Iceland
3344:Hungary
3328:Germany
3306:Finnish
3302:Finland
3294:Estonia
3281:Denmark
3273:Croatia
3269:British
3256:Flemish
3252:Belgium
3236:Austria
3228:Armenia
3209:Vietnam
3174:Russian
3116:Jhankot
3069:Laotian
3022:Israeli
3004:Kurdish
2991:Persian
2960:Bengali
2939:Chinese
2923:Bengali
2904:Zambian
2896:Ugandan
2860:Senegal
2847:Nigeria
2814:Nanabin
2784:Algeria
2696:Zambian
2572:Persian
2478:Kisindo
2437:Ka'apor
2427:Jhankot
2345:Chatino
2198:Plateau
2180:Mixed,
2172:Wyandot
2166:Wichita
2154:Tháumgá
2136:Ppáⁿkka
2124:Nʉmʉnʉʉ
2100:Liksiyu
2091:Hiraacá
2070:Arikara
1937:Kentish
1879:Bengali
1789:Teknmál
1689:Gambian
1657:Serbian
1654:Kosovar
1593:Austro-
1563:Mixed,
1546:Mixed,
1529:Mixed,
1507:Guinean
1501:Chadian
1477:Jakarta
1408:Burmese
1376:(ASLic)
1073:Emirati
991:Kuwaiti
834:Jaralde
558:Inverse
354:7838441
137:History
127:Seattle
7329:Hebrew
7272:Telugu
7251:Polish
7245:German
7218:Korean
7212:French
7206:Arabic
7184:(41.3)
7105:BANZSL
7034:Gullah
7021:Creole
6996:Isleño
6940:German
6902:French
6775:Michif
6687:Others
6669:Tiipai
6659:Mojave
6624:Yuman–
6511:Patwin
6469:Tongva
6462:Cupeño
6306:Tanoan
6295:Woccon
6246:Biloxi
6233:Stoney
6228:Quapaw
6218:Mandan
6213:Lakota
6198:Dakota
6180:Siouan
6123:Salish
6021:Pomoan
6010:Molala
5874:Konkow
5742:Seneca
5727:Oneida
5722:Mohawk
5712:Cayuga
5552:Tolowa
5542:Navajo
5482:Dené(–
5417:Tsinúk
5393:Kitsai
5352:Samoan
5204:Ojibwe
5199:Munsee
4752:Loulis
4748:Washoe
4582:Others
4381:Polish
4376:Korean
4356:German
4351:French
4196:Diyari
4160:Idioms
4017:Brazil
3986:Samoan
3948:Kailge
3892:Umpila
3837:Auslan
3800:Navajo
3784:Oneida
3780:Ojibwa
3725:Panama
3694:Mexico
3635:Brunca
3630:Bribri
3616:Cayman
3600:Quebec
3590:Oneida
3586:Ojibwa
3560:Canada
3552:Belize
3515:Mardin
3506:Turkey
3490:Sweden
3456:Russia
3444:Polish
3440:Poland
3432:Norway
3384:Latvia
3376:Kosovo
3336:Greece
3332:German
3319:French
3310:France
3285:Danish
3222:Europe
3162:Taiwan
3082:Penang
3053:Korean
3040:Koniya
3008:Israel
2955:Alipur
2919:Bengal
2900:Zambia
2892:Uganda
2872:Somali
2830:Kenyan
2801:Maroua
2778:Africa
2734:(~150)
2567:Penang
2512:M'bour
2502:Mardin
2452:Kailge
2442:Kajana
2411:Inuit
2335:Brunca
2330:Bribri
2288:Alipur
2268:Afghan
2224:Sqeliz
2109:Nakota
1987:Nohkop
1984:Chicán
1893:Nepali
1883:Bombay
1412:Yangon
1146:Samoan
1132:Fijian
1109:Auslan
1097:BANZSL
1054:Syrian
1015:Iraqi–
1006:Yemeni
996:Libyan
955:Meriam
869:Umpila
812:Diyari
715:(2020)
705:(2021)
688:(2022)
678:(2016)
676:Quartz
361:
351:
343:
50:Oregon
42:Region
7337:(0.2)
7335:Khmer
7331:(0.2)
7325:(0.2)
7323:Hmong
7319:(0.3)
7317:Greek
7313:(0.3)
7304:(0.3)
7298:(0.3)
7296:Tamil
7292:(0.4)
7286:(0.4)
7280:(0.5)
7274:(0.5)
7268:(0.5)
7259:(0.5)
7253:(0.5)
7247:(0.9)
7238:(0.9)
7232:(0.9)
7226:(1.0)
7220:(1.1)
7214:(1.2)
7208:(1.4)
7202:(1.5)
7196:(1.7)
7190:(3.4)
7025:mixed
6973:Texas
6915:Métis
6726:Yuchi
6721:Washo
6706:Karuk
6701:Haida
6516:Wintu
6488:Makah
6454:Yaqui
6319:Kiowa
6314:Jemez
6208:Kansa
6133:Twana
5892:Chico
5879:Maidu
5737:Osage
5674:Aleut
5664:Inuit
5603:Lipan
5575:Cahto
5492:Ahtna
5380:Caddo
5318:Wiyot
5311:Unami
5219:Yurok
5141:Algic
5072:Older
4608:Media
4366:Irish
4086:Sivia
4035:Chile
3978:Wanib
3953:Mehek
3919:Yolŋu
3887:Ngada
3708:Mayan
3678:Haiti
3674:Mayan
3653:Cuban
3472:Spain
3412:Dutch
3368:Italy
3364:Irish
3340:Greek
3324:Lyons
3178:Tibet
3142:Saudi
3121:Jumla
3107:Nepal
3049:Korea
3031:Japan
2999:Iraqi
2951:India
2935:China
2864:Mbour
2838:Tebul
2826:Kenya
2805:Ghana
2663:Wanib
2638:Tebul
2628:Sivia
2517:Mehek
2432:Jumla
2145:Sioux
2130:Palus
2127:Omaha
1990:Nohya
1889:Delhi
1811:Hanoi
1223:Macau
1083:Omani
1078:Saudi
1028:Iraqi
911:Yolŋu
447:(PDF)
263:(PDF)
7023:and
6731:Zuni
6644:Ipai
6414:Mono
6389:Hopi
6339:Tewa
6334:Taos
6193:Crow
5760:Erie
5582:Eyak
5517:Hupa
5241:Loup
5169:Cree
4810:and
4442:si5s
4072:Peru
4026:Cena
3943:Enga
3774:Cree
3649:Cuba
3583:Cree
3200:Thai
3065:Laos
2995:Iraq
2987:Iran
2970:Naga
2913:Asia
2851:Bura
2834:Mali
2740:(7+)
2542:Naga
2370:Enga
2340:Cena
2148:Taos
2094:Icāk
2085:Diné
1865:Sign
655:2022
626:2022
598:2022
565:2022
539:2022
513:2022
487:2022
459:2022
420:2022
392:2022
359:PMID
341:ISSN
304:2022
275:2022
76:MVSL
6281:Ofo
5512:Hän
5174:Fox
4812:BSL
4808:ASL
4147:ASL
349:PMC
331:doi
72:FSL
7353::
4832:^c
4823:^b
4818:.
4801:^a
4750:,
4291:/
4287:/
4283:/
4279:/
645:.
634:^
617:.
606:^
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589:.
585:.
573:^
556:.
530:.
504:.
478:.
467:^
449:.
428:^
411:.
400:^
383:.
371:^
357:.
347:.
339:.
327:11
325:.
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295:.
283:^
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244:^
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