281:
mad, they would use facial expressions and body language to really determine how they were feeling. Although spoken language also uses these forms of expression, they are not relied on as heavily as Sign
Language. The phonetics of verbal speech and sign language are similar because spoken dialect uses tone of voice to determine someone's mood and Sign Language uses facial expressions to determine someone's mood as well. Phonetics does not necessarily only relate to spoken language but it can also be used in American Sign Language (ASL) as well. When signing in ASL, people will not sign words the same way they are spoken either. The relationship between spoken dialect and ASL varies because there is association between certain signs and their words and they are signed differently because ASL is not signed the same way it is spoken.
192:
204:
601:
589:
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565:
553:
541:
529:
517:
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493:
481:
469:
457:
445:
433:
421:
409:
397:
385:
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361:
349:
337:
325:
313:
301:
4888:
173:
161:
149:
137:
125:
113:
101:
89:
77:
65:
209:
208:
205:
263:'E'". Older generations of deaf individuals still insist that the "E" handshape requires that the thumb make contact with the tips of the index and middle fingers. Meanwhile, younger generations are beginning to produce a handshape that separates the thumb from the other fingers on the lower end of the palm.
210:
280:
Phonetics does not have to be constricted to just speech but it can also be used when signing to others. When signing, the person's expressions could greatly determine the outcome of what they are trying to communicate to the other person. For example, if the signer was trying to sign that they were
183:
The manual alphabet can be used on either hand, normally the signer's dominant hand – that is, the right hand for right-handers, the left hand for left-handers. Most frequently, the manual alphabet is signed just below the dominant shoulder of the signer. When used within other signs or in a context
262:
Like other languages, American Sign
Language is constantly evolving. While changes in fingerspelling are less likely, slight changes still occur over time. The manual alphabet looks different today than it did merely decades ago. A prime example of this pattern of change is found in the "screaming
187:
J and Z involve motion. J is I with a twist of the wrist, so that the little finger traces the curve of the printed form of the letter; Z is an index finger moved back and forth, so that the finger traces the zig-zag shape of the letter Z. Both of these "tracings" are made as seen by the signer if
240:
When fingerspelling, the hand is at shoulder height; it does not bounce with each letter. A double letter within a word is signed in different ways, through a bounce of the hand, a slide of the hand, or repeating the sign of a letter. Letters are signed at a constant speed; a pause functions as a
231:
Several letters have the same hand shape, and are distinguished by orientation. These are "h" and "u", "k" and "p" (thumb on the middle finger), "g" and "q" and, in informal contexts, "d" and "g/q". In rapid signing, "n" is distinguished from "h/u" by orientation. The letters "a" and "s" have the
271:
Since fingerspelling was originally developed in order to incorporate the
English language into sign language, it is very closely linked to English. Studies have shown that deaf individuals process reading and fingerspelling similarly. As a result, fingerspelling has had a profound impact on the
253:
Fingerspelling is primarily used for borrowing words from
English. It is typically only used in a specific set of circumstances. The following are words that might need to be fingerspelled: proper names, brand names, place names, and all other words that do not have a conventional sign. In other
207:
211:
232:
same orientation, and are very similar in form. The thumb is on the side of the fist in the letter "a", and in front for "s". When used within fingerspelled
English words, letters of the manual alphabet may be oriented differently than if they were to stand alone.
188:
right-handed, as shown by the illustrations in this article. When signed with the left hand, the motions are in mirror image, therefore unreversed for the viewer. However, fluent signers do not need to "read" the shapes of these movements.
5241:
Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign
Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely,
948:
227:
are frequently shown from the side to illustrate the position of the fingers. However, they are signed with the hand in an ergonomically neutral position, palm facing to the side and fingers pointing forward.
206:
219:
In most drawings or illustrations of the
American Manual Alphabet, some of the letters are depicted from the side to better illustrate the desired hand shape. For example, the letters
4182:
4239:
2790:
272:
literacy of deaf and hard of hearing children. This conclusion is widely accepted, but the debate lies in which methods of teaching best utilize this relationship.
3991:
2750:
3725:
2655:
2647:
4219:
4025:
5143:
1204:
1179:
855:
5158:
2442:
5148:
4332:
4287:
1309:
5179:
4344:
1395:
1390:
2672:
693:
1032:
5056:
4953:
1172:
1004:
1695:
831:
1230:
245:. The first letter may be held for the length of a letter extra as a cue that the signer is about to start fingerspelling.
5198:
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1809:
5024:
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4229:
2393:
640:
4600:
3078:
1165:
676:
5097:
4707:
4676:
4595:
4244:
3047:
5263:
Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.
5296:
4398:
3447:
2708:
2682:
1549:
5203:
4697:
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4277:
3863:
2917:
1756:
1561:
1473:
749:
215:
Travis
Dougherty explains and demonstrates the ASL alphabet. Voice-over interpretation by Gilbert G. Lensbower.
5117:
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4075:
2987:
2344:
1609:
1025:
5250:
both originated in
English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to
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4339:
4195:
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3400:
2298:
2187:
1828:
1596:
1436:
1374:
1356:
1333:
925:
17:
4766:
4720:
4403:
4393:
3983:
3315:
3036:
3024:
2967:
2825:
2488:
2270:
2197:
1966:
1724:
1586:
1364:
5153:
4841:
4728:
3937:
3585:
1892:
1741:
1146:
1110:
4836:
4806:
4796:
4781:
4671:
4661:
4370:
4302:
4096:
3683:
3648:
3625:
3593:
3179:
3162:
2977:
2855:
2745:
2460:
2381:
2233:
1576:
1409:
1369:
1293:
1125:
1090:
1080:
1070:
5301:
5112:
4963:
4826:
4724:
4716:
4656:
4641:
4537:
4511:
4503:
4495:
4466:
4349:
4177:
4169:
4156:
4133:
4104:
4056:
3887:
3855:
3831:
3462:
3413:
3323:
3173:
3152:
3093:
3053:
3030:
3017:
2982:
2972:
2922:
2882:
2872:
2837:
2820:
2800:
2718:
2687:
2470:
1908:
1791:
1768:
1614:
1341:
1276:
1130:
1018:
1983:
5208:
5029:
4933:
4862:
4831:
4821:
4776:
4771:
4681:
4563:
4529:
4482:
4456:
4440:
4312:
4307:
3963:
3921:
3871:
3791:
3783:
3630:
3538:
3512:
3382:
3366:
3244:
3167:
3106:
2942:
2755:
2739:
2728:
2450:
2215:
2210:
2064:
2044:
1868:
1778:
1763:
1654:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1282:
1120:
1115:
1065:
1060:
5243:
5223:
4948:
4816:
4811:
4791:
4786:
4646:
4582:
4516:
4448:
4408:
4362:
4297:
4292:
4251:
4190:
4164:
4125:
4030:
3999:
3903:
3815:
3749:
3733:
3712:
3675:
3667:
3640:
3569:
3561:
3546:
3530:
3522:
3504:
3480:
3470:
3452:
3257:
3228:
3223:
3157:
3058:
3012:
2997:
2957:
2831:
2815:
2810:
2733:
2713:
2617:
2478:
2455:
2352:
2241:
2205:
2166:
2145:
2099:
2085:
2049:
1879:
1823:
1799:
1746:
1736:
1705:
1604:
1571:
1421:
1299:
1263:
1253:
1199:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1075:
196:
43:
4354:
1346:
773:"Improving ASL fingerspelling comprehension in L2 learners with explicit phonetic instruction"
694:"Sign Language Structure: An Outline of the Visual Communication Systems of the American Deaf"
5247:
5003:
4943:
4801:
4666:
4636:
4474:
4317:
4282:
4224:
4148:
4138:
4117:
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3929:
3916:
3911:
3895:
3839:
3823:
3807:
3741:
3704:
3691:
3617:
3609:
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3457:
3439:
3426:
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3374:
3358:
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3131:
3119:
3088:
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3068:
3041:
3007:
2992:
2962:
2927:
2909:
2862:
2780:
2760:
2633:
2314:
2288:
2182:
2161:
2140:
2124:
2069:
2059:
2013:
1843:
1773:
1710:
1685:
1646:
1638:
1624:
1619:
1556:
1508:
1426:
1287:
1269:
1258:
1085:
5251:
4958:
4702:
4461:
4421:
4383:
4327:
4070:
4065:
4035:
3950:
3879:
3767:
3754:
3720:
3601:
3517:
3496:
3488:
3475:
3390:
3307:
3278:
3265:
3236:
3147:
3126:
3002:
2937:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2877:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2723:
2703:
2362:
2357:
2328:
2283:
2278:
2251:
2220:
2054:
2000:
1946:
1887:
1785:
1581:
1441:
1431:
1304:
199:. Letters are shown in a variety of orientations, not as they would be seen by the viewer.
8:
5183:
5043:
4631:
4521:
4413:
4388:
4322:
4143:
4109:
4088:
4040:
3847:
3799:
3775:
3759:
3577:
3556:
3434:
3299:
3291:
3273:
3098:
3073:
3063:
2952:
2947:
2932:
2867:
2850:
2795:
2785:
2406:
2246:
2119:
2008:
1751:
1518:
1513:
1463:
1247:
5127:
5174:
5072:
4553:
4378:
3635:
3405:
3286:
3186:
3111:
2805:
2256:
906:
849:
802:
629:
995:
Test and improve your receptive fingerspelling skills using this free online resource.
635:. Brown, Marianne Gluszak. Washington, D.C.: Clerc Books, Gallaudet University Press.
5077:
4738:
910:
898:
890:
837:
827:
806:
794:
723:
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672:
646:
636:
5276:
5087:
4918:
4899:
882:
784:
705:
5082:
986:
5213:
5008:
4988:
4867:
39:
5122:
5107:
4998:
4983:
4753:
1041:
841:
5290:
5092:
4993:
4978:
4973:
4610:
1188:
894:
798:
789:
772:
719:
710:
650:
600:
588:
576:
564:
552:
540:
528:
516:
504:
492:
480:
468:
456:
444:
432:
420:
408:
396:
384:
372:
360:
348:
336:
324:
312:
300:
4968:
4913:
1007:
Further information, fingerspelling Tips and video example of ASL Alphabet.
902:
871:"Fingerspelling and Print: Understanding the Word Reading of Deaf Children"
870:
727:
242:
886:
671:(3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. p. 66.
5102:
4872:
983:
A free, online practice site with realistic, animated ASL fingerspelling.
191:
54:
The letters and digits are signed as follows. In informal contexts, the
5218:
4857:
4200:
4009:
3418:
2892:
1833:
974:
55:
821:
184:
in which this is not plausible, this general rule can be disregarded.
27:
Manual alphabet that augments the vocabulary of
American Sign Language
4743:
4712:
4568:
4004:
741:
172:
4923:
4882:
4733:
4487:
1010:
160:
148:
136:
124:
112:
100:
88:
76:
64:
4558:
1157:
257:
5187:
4272:
1544:
1532:
869:
Scott, Jessica A.; Hansen, Sarah G.; Lederberg, Amy R. (2019).
989:
Free online fingerspelling lessons, quizzes, and activities.
4887:
4877:
980:
58:
are not made as distinctly as they are in formal contexts.
1001:
Learn the basic handshapes of the fingerspelled alphabet.
977:
Practice "reading" fingerspelling using real life videos.
5144:
Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada
998:
992:
868:
628:
266:
5288:
993:ASL Fingerspelling Online Advanced Practice Tool
823:DEAF COMMUNITY IN AMERICA: HISTORY IN THE MAKING
5159:World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
631:The American Sign Language handshape dictionary
975:Practice fingerspelling receptive in real life
698:The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education
5149:International Center on Deafness and the Arts
1173:
1026:
258:Changes and variations in the manual alphabet
235:
3207:
1223:
854:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
771:Geer, Leah C; Keane, Jonathan (2017-01-09).
1180:
1166:
1033:
1019:
788:
770:
709:
666:
254:instances, use fingerspelling sparingly.
946:
923:
202:
190:
4954:Manually coded language in South Africa
999:Fingerspelling Beginner's Learning Tool
626:
14:
5289:
691:
3206:
1222:
1161:
1014:
752:from the original on 17 February 2022
669:Linguistics of American Sign Language
49:
1040:
667:Valli, Clayton; Ceil, Lucas (2000).
662:
660:
275:
5265:
5256:
5234:
1991:Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
949:"Phonetics, Phonology, and Prosody"
24:
3304:Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti
2918:Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)
1005:Manual Alphabet and Fingerspelling
819:
25:
5313:
1187:
968:
692:Stokoe, William C. (2005-01-01).
657:
4886:
4677:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
987:ASL Fingerspelling Resource Site
599:
587:
575:
563:
551:
539:
527:
515:
503:
491:
479:
467:
455:
443:
431:
419:
407:
395:
383:
371:
359:
347:
335:
323:
311:
299:
171:
159:
147:
135:
123:
111:
99:
87:
75:
63:
42:that augments the vocabulary of
5267:
5258:
5236:
5204:U.S. Army hand and arm signals
4288:Far North Queensland Indigenous
2910:Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)
267:English and the manual alphabet
5025:Bilingual–bicultural education
4345:Western Torres Strait Islander
3419:Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)
1396:Western Torres Strait Islander
940:
917:
862:
813:
764:
734:
685:
620:
13:
1:
4097:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
3245:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
3107:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2856:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
2363:Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)
820:M., NOMELAND, MELVIA (2011).
614:
2683:Providence Island (Provisle)
2333:North West Frontier Province
928:. Cambridge University Press
627:Tennant, Richard A. (1998).
195:The manual alphabet used in
7:
4283:Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)
875:American Annals of the Deaf
10:
5318:
5154:Mimics and Gesture Theatre
4363:Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo)
4293:Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)
3079:Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)
2933:Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)
2353:Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)
1747:Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)
777:Language Teaching Research
284:
236:Rhythm, speed and movement
5232:
5167:
5136:
5065:
5042:
5017:
4932:
4909:
4898:
4850:
4752:
4690:
4619:
4581:
4546:
4430:
4399:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
4262:
3972:
3657:
3348:
3213:
3199:
3140:
2838:Hawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)
2696:
2671:
2648:Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam)
2632:
2615:
2496:
2487:
2469:
2441:
2405:
2371:
2343:
2297:
2269:
2232:
2196:
2175:
2154:
2133:
2112:
2078:
2055:Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)
2037:
2028:
1998:
1981:
1964:
1925:
1901:
1819:
1808:
1732:
1723:
1694:
1681:
1672:
1637:
1595:
1550:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
1540:
1531:
1501:
1472:
1459:
1450:
1417:
1408:
1383:
1355:
1229:
1213:
1205:List by number of signers
1195:
1139:
1048:
926:"Sign Language Phonology"
4964:Paget Gorman Sign System
4418:Samoa and American Samoa
3208:Sign languages by region
2993:Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)
2719:Albarradas Sign Language
2709:Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)
2542:Meciciya ka pekiskwakehk
2394:Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)
2358:Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)
1610:Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)
1224:Sign languages by family
924:Brentari, Diane (2019).
790:10.1177/1362168816686988
32:American Manual Alphabet
5209:Monastic sign languages
5057:Television shows (list)
5030:Manually coded language
4863:Hamburg Notation System
2656:Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)
1902:Indonesian (Nusantaric)
1625:Finnish (Viittomakieli)
1562:Northern Ireland (NISL)
947:Crasborn, Onno (2019).
248:
5297:American Sign Language
5180:CHCI chimpanzee center
4949:Manually coded English
4647:Henniker Sign Language
4313:Warumungu (Warramunga)
4298:Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)
3292:Hausa (Magannar Hannu)
1200:List of sign languages
216:
200:
197:American Sign Language
44:American Sign Language
5004:Signing Exact English
4944:Indian Signing System
4667:Plateau Sign Language
4041:Inuit (Atgangmuurniq)
3618:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
3148:Amami Shuwa languages
2821:Guatemalan (Lensegua)
2761:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2740:Caucasian (Harsneren)
2688:Old Cayman (Guyanese)
2216:Norwegian (Tegnspråk)
2188:French Belgian (LSFB)
1620:Swedish (Teckenspråk)
887:10.1353/aad.2019.0026
711:10.1093/deafed/eni001
214:
194:
5252:French Sign Language
4959:Manually Coded Malay
4767:British (two-handed)
4703:Bimodal bilingualism
4333:Far North Queensland
3641:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
3163:Sri Lankan languages
3094:Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)
2998:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
2509:Chaticks si Chaticks
2489:Plains Sign Language
2407:Mayan (Meemul Tziij)
1909:Indonesian (Bisindo)
1587:South African (SASL)
1310:Far North Queensland
3174:Tanzanian languages
3153:Ethiopian languages
3120:Nanabin (NanabinSL)
2211:Icelandic (Táknmál)
1926:Francophone African
1884:Puerto Rican (PRSL)
1742:Swiss-German (DSGS)
1673:Chilean-Paraguayan-
5175:Baby sign language
5073:Jabbar Baghtcheban
4554:International Sign
4457:Brazilian (Libras)
4371:New Zealand (NZSL)
4318:Mudbura (Mudburra)
4246:Sandy River Valley
4225:Keresan (Keresign)
3816:Yugoslav (Kosovar)
3187:International Sign
3168:Sudanese languages
2791:Navajo/Diné Family
2605:Wíyut'a / Wíblut'e
2443:Original Thai Sign
2221:Danish (Tegnsprog)
1764:Brazilian (Libras)
1577:New Zealand (NZSL)
217:
201:
50:Letters and digits
5284:
5283:
5277:extinct languages
5199:Legal recognition
5078:Jeanette Berglind
5038:
5037:
4739:Nonmanual feature
4652:Martha's Vineyard
4577:
4576:
4231:Martha's Vineyard
3726:Faroese (Teknmál)
3448:Al-Sayyid Bedouin
3258:Bouakako (LaSiBo)
3195:
3194:
3180:Zimsign languages
3158:Laotian languages
3042:Rwandan (AKR/AMR)
2801:Ecuadorian (LSEC)
2746:Azerbaijani (AİD)
2667:
2666:
2265:
2264:
2108:
2107:
2024:
2023:
2014:Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)
1719:
1718:
1647:Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
1633:
1632:
1527:
1526:
1497:
1496:
1404:
1403:
1259:Eltye eltyarrenke
1239:
1238:multiple families
1155:
1154:
833:978-0-7864-6397-8
276:ASL and phonetics
212:
16:(Redirected from
5309:
5271:
5262:
5240:
5128:Pierre Pélissier
5113:Thomas Gallaudet
5088:Thomas Braidwood
4919:Initialized sign
4907:
4906:
4890:
4375:Papua New Guinea
4278:Australian-Irish
3984:Plains Sign Talk
3864:Northern Ireland
3860:Northern Ireland
3383:Hong Kong (HKSL)
3204:
3203:
2983:Nicaraguan (ISN)
2898:Kenyan (KSL/LAK)
2714:Albanian (AlbSL)
2494:
2493:
2308:Bangalore-Madras
2289:Israeli (Shassi)
2257:Thai (TSL/MSTSL)
2167:Honduran (LESHO)
2035:
2034:
1893:Singapore (SgSL)
1829:Black ASL (BASL)
1817:
1816:
1757:Australian-Irish
1730:
1729:
1679:
1678:
1655:Hong Kong (HKSL)
1615:Portuguese (LGP)
1605:Eritrean (EriSL)
1538:
1537:
1457:
1456:
1415:
1414:
1353:
1352:
1237:
1220:
1219:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1042:Manual alphabets
1035:
1028:
1021:
1012:
1011:
963:
962:
960:
958:
953:
944:
938:
937:
935:
933:
921:
915:
914:
866:
860:
859:
853:
845:
817:
811:
810:
792:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
738:
732:
731:
713:
689:
683:
682:
664:
655:
654:
634:
624:
603:
591:
579:
567:
555:
543:
531:
519:
507:
495:
483:
471:
459:
447:
435:
423:
411:
399:
387:
375:
363:
351:
339:
327:
315:
303:
291:American Signing
213:
175:
163:
151:
139:
127:
115:
103:
91:
79:
67:
21:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5302:Manual alphabet
5287:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5228:
5214:Tactile signing
5163:
5132:
5061:
5034:
5013:
4989:Signed Japanese
4935:
4928:
4901:
4894:
4868:Stokoe notation
4846:
4748:
4708:Phonology (ASL)
4686:
4621:
4615:
4573:
4542:
4441:Argentine (LSA)
4426:
4258:
4081:New Costa Rican
4076:Old Costa Rican
3976:
3974:
3968:
3852:North Macedonia
3653:
3344:
3279:Bamako (LaSiMa)
3209:
3191:
3141:Other groupings
3136:
2988:Old Costa Rican
2963:Burkina (Mossi)
2943:Mauritian (MSL)
2816:Ghardaia (AJSL)
2729:Argentine (LSA)
2692:
2674:
2663:
2628:
2611:
2483:
2465:
2437:
2401:
2367:
2339:
2300:
2293:
2261:
2228:
2198:Danish (Tegnic)
2192:
2171:
2150:
2129:
2104:
2079:Yugoslavic Sign
2074:
2045:Bulgarian (БЖЕ)
2030:
2020:
2009:Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)
1994:
1984:Hoailona ʻŌlelo
1977:
1960:
1947:Bamako (LaSiMa)
1928:(Françafrosign)
1927:
1921:
1897:
1869:Malaysian (BIM)
1811:
1804:
1779:Valencian (LSV)
1715:
1706:Paraguay (LSPY)
1697:
1690:
1674:
1668:
1629:
1591:
1523:
1493:
1468:
1452:
1446:
1410:Arab (Ishaaric)
1400:
1379:
1351:
1264:Iltyeme iltyeme
1235:
1232:
1225:
1215:
1209:
1191:
1186:
1156:
1151:
1135:
1044:
1039:
971:
966:
956:
954:
951:
945:
941:
931:
929:
922:
918:
867:
863:
847:
846:
834:
818:
814:
769:
765:
755:
753:
740:
739:
735:
690:
686:
679:
665:
658:
643:
625:
621:
617:
612:
611:
610:
607:
604:
595:
592:
583:
580:
571:
568:
559:
556:
547:
544:
535:
532:
523:
520:
511:
508:
499:
496:
487:
484:
475:
472:
463:
460:
451:
448:
439:
436:
427:
424:
415:
412:
403:
400:
391:
388:
379:
376:
367:
364:
355:
352:
343:
340:
331:
328:
319:
316:
307:
304:
293:
292:
287:
278:
269:
260:
251:
238:
203:
179:
176:
167:
164:
155:
152:
143:
140:
131:
128:
119:
116:
107:
104:
95:
92:
83:
80:
71:
68:
52:
40:manual alphabet
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5315:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5282:
5281:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5123:William Stokoe
5120:
5115:
5110:
5108:Valerie Sutton
5105:
5100:
5098:Abbé de l'Épée
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5048:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5009:Signed Swedish
5006:
5001:
4999:Signed Spanish
4996:
4991:
4986:
4984:Signed Italian
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4940:
4938:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4827:Serbo-Croatian
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4758:
4756:
4754:Fingerspelling
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4532:
4527:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4506:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4477:
4472:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4451:
4446:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4373:
4368:
4365:
4360:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4340:Western Desert
4337:
4336:
4335:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4237:
4234:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4191:American (ASL)
4188:
4185:
4183:Old Salvadoran
4180:
4175:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4159:
4154:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4128:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4099:
4094:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4060:
4053:
4050:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4031:Maritime (MSL)
4028:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4000:American (ASL)
3997:
3994:
3989:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3946:Central Taurus
3943:
3940:
3935:
3932:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3906:
3901:
3898:
3893:
3890:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3874:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3858:
3853:
3850:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3818:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3797:
3794:
3789:
3786:
3781:
3778:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3744:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3710:
3707:
3702:
3701:United Kingdom
3699:
3697:French Belgian
3694:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3541:
3536:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3497:Kazakh-Russian
3494:
3491:
3486:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3408:
3403:
3401:Indo-Pakistani
3398:
3393:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3334:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3297:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3268:
3263:
3260:
3255:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3234:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3013:Peruvian (LSP)
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:Miyakubo Shuwa
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2796:Dogon/Douentza
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2618:American (ASL)
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2479:Namibian (NSL)
2475:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2385:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2299:Indo-Pakistani
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2146:Tunisian (TSL)
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2100:Yugoslav (YSL)
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2086:Croatian (HZJ)
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2005:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1957:Sierra Leonean
1955:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1880:Filipino (FSL)
1877:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1824:American (ASL)
1820:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1800:Romanian (LSR)
1797:
1796:
1795:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:Algerian (LSA)
1733:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1698:Uruguayan Sign
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1686:Chilean (LSCh)
1682:
1676:
1675:Uruguayan Sign
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1572:Maritime (MSL)
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1437:Qatari Unified
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1384:Zendath Kesign
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1357:Western Desert
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1334:Worora Kinship
1331:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1241:
1227:
1226:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
970:
969:External links
967:
965:
964:
939:
916:
881:(4): 429–449.
861:
832:
812:
783:(4): 439–457.
763:
733:
684:
677:
656:
642:978-1563680434
641:
618:
616:
613:
609:
608:
605:
598:
596:
593:
586:
584:
581:
574:
572:
569:
562:
560:
557:
550:
548:
545:
538:
536:
533:
526:
524:
521:
514:
512:
509:
502:
500:
497:
490:
488:
485:
478:
476:
473:
466:
464:
461:
454:
452:
449:
442:
440:
437:
430:
428:
425:
418:
416:
413:
406:
404:
401:
394:
392:
389:
382:
380:
377:
370:
368:
365:
358:
356:
353:
346:
344:
341:
334:
332:
329:
322:
320:
317:
310:
308:
305:
298:
295:
294:
290:
289:
288:
286:
283:
277:
274:
268:
265:
259:
256:
250:
247:
237:
234:
181:
180:
177:
170:
168:
165:
158:
156:
153:
146:
144:
141:
134:
132:
129:
122:
120:
117:
110:
108:
105:
98:
96:
93:
86:
84:
81:
74:
72:
69:
62:
51:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5314:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5239:
5238:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:Miscellaneous
5166:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:Organisations
5135:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5093:Laurent Clerc
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5083:Pär Aron Borg
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4994:Signed Polish
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4979:Signed German
4977:
4975:
4974:Signed French
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4897:
4889:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4698:Grammar (ASL)
4696:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:International
4545:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:South America
4429:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4404:Rossel Island
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4394:Mount Avejaha
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4240:Navajo Family
4238:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4187:United States
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:South African
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3127:Yoruban (YSL)
3125:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:Bura (Burasl)
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:West African
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3089:Ugandan (USL)
3087:
3085:
3084:Turkish (TİD)
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3069:Spanish (LSE)
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Rossel Island
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3025:Qahveh Khaneh
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:Mount Avejaha
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2928:Maltese (LSM)
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:Atgangmuurniq
2849:
2848:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:Guinea-Bissau
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2432:Cepeda Peraza
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:Highland Maya
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2345:Japanese Sign
2342:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:Flemish (VGT)
2181:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:Mexican (LSM)
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Italian (LIS)
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2070:Russian (РЖЯ)
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2060:Latvian (LSL)
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1774:Catalan (LSC)
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1711:Uruguay (LSU)
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1557:British (BSL)
1555:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1375:Ngaatjatjarra
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:Sign language
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1138:
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927:
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912:
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904:
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896:
892:
888:
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876:
872:
865:
857:
851:
843:
839:
835:
829:
826:. MCFARLAND.
825:
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808:
804:
800:
796:
791:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:
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747:
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678:9781563682186
674:
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633:
632:
623:
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566:
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518:
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501:
494:
489:
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477:
470:
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458:
453:
446:
441:
434:
429:
422:
417:
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405:
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386:
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374:
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362:
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321:
314:
309:
302:
297:
296:
282:
273:
264:
255:
246:
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233:
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198:
193:
189:
185:
174:
169:
162:
157:
150:
145:
138:
133:
126:
121:
114:
109:
102:
97:
90:
85:
78:
73:
66:
61:
60:
59:
57:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5272:
5266:
5257:
5255:
5235:
5052:Films (list)
4969:Signed Dutch
4914:Contact sign
4761:
4359:Hawaii (USA)
4252:
4245:
4230:
4055:
4046:
3938:Swiss-German
3574:Saudi Arabia
3312:South Africa
3046:
3029:
2903:Somali (SSL)
2830:
2738:
2673:Providencia–
2652:Nesilextcl'n
2625:Oneida (OSL)
2587:Tickanwa•tic
2575:Schitsu'umsh
2557:Nųmą́khų́·ki
2471:Paget Gorman
2392:
2387:
2380:
2372:
2336:Punjab-Sindh
2284:Polish (PJM)
2279:German (DGS)
2155:Mexican Sign
2134:Italian Sign
2038:Russian Sign
2001:French (LSF)
1974:Oneida (OSL)
1888:Quebec (LSQ)
1873:Oneida (OSL)
1790:
1786:French (LSF)
1639:Chinese Sign
1597:Swedish Sign
1321:
1292:
1275:
1268:
1246:
1055:
957:November 20,
955:. Retrieved
942:
932:November 20,
930:. Retrieved
919:
878:
874:
864:
822:
815:
780:
776:
766:
754:. Retrieved
745:
736:
701:
697:
687:
668:
630:
622:
279:
270:
261:
252:
243:word divider
239:
230:
224:
220:
218:
186:
182:
53:
35:
31:
29:
18:ASL alphabet
5194:Open Outcry
5118:Abbé Sicard
5103:Roger Fouts
4934:Signed Oral
4873:SignWriting
4721:Orientation
4691:Linguistics
4672:Pitha Pitha
4367:New Zealand
4303:Manjiljarra
4174:El Salvador
3934:Switzerland
3844:Netherlands
3684:Azerbaijani
3626:Old Bangkok
3566:Philippines
3254:Ivory Coast
3048:Sandy River
2786:Cuban (LSC)
2675:Cayman Sign
2524:Hinono'eino
2515:Coahuilteco
2500:Anishinaabe
2461:Old Bangkok
2382:Old Kentish
2311:Beluchistan
2271:German Sign
2252:Ho Chi Minh
2176:Old Belgian
2120:Dutch (NGT)
1859:Costa Rican
1752:Irish (ISL)
1696:Paraguayan-
1487:Palestinian
1370:Manjiljarra
1365:Kartutjarra
1300:Rdaka rdaka
1294:Pitha Pitha
981:Fingerspell
756:17 February
704:(1): 3–37.
5291:Categories
5219:Protactile
4858:ASL-phabet
4842:Portuguese
4744:Sign names
4729:Expression
4657:Old French
4642:Kalkutungu
4611:Name signs
4601:Literature
4538:Venezuelan
4512:Inmaculada
4504:Paraguayan
4496:Ecuadorian
4350:Yir Yoront
4201:Protactile
4178:Salvadoran
4170:Panamanian
4157:Nicaraguan
4134:Albarradas
4105:Guatemalan
4062:Costa Rica
4057:Old Cayman
4010:Protactile
3888:Portuguese
3856:Macedonian
3832:Lithuanian
3680:Azerbaijan
3649:Vietnamese
3606:Tajikistan
3594:Sri Lankan
3493:Kazakhstan
3463:Kafr Qasem
3414:Indonesian
3116:Mofu-Gudur
3054:Salvadoran
3031:Rennellese
3018:Inmaculada
2973:Mozambican
2923:Macedonian
2893:Kata Kolok
2883:Kafr Qasim
2842:Creole HSL
2593:Tsuu T'ina
2554:Niitsítapi
2548:Ni Mii Puu
2539:Maagiadawa
2503:Apsáalooke
2429:Trascorral
2113:Dutch Sign
1916:Yogyakarta
1876:Panamanian
1834:Protactile
1792:Old French
1769:Lithuanian
1725:Francosign
1342:Yir Yoront
1329:Warramunga
1277:Kalkutungu
1233:Aboriginal
1231:Australian
1147:Two-handed
1111:Portuguese
842:1154409793
742:"ASL.Land"
615:References
56:handshapes
5275:indicate
4936:Languages
4837:Ukrainian
4797:Hungarian
4782:Esperanto
4713:Handshape
4682:Warluwara
4622:languages
4606:Profanity
4569:Signalong
4534:Venezuela
4530:Uruguayan
4483:Colombian
4437:Argentina
4308:Warlmanpa
4269:Australia
4207:Blackfeet
4196:Black ASL
4153:Nicaragua
4101:Guatemala
4093:Greenland
4016:Blackfoot
4005:Black ASL
3973:North and
3964:Ukrainian
3922:Valencian
3904:Slovenian
3872:Norwegian
3828:Lithuania
3792:Icelandic
3784:Hungarian
3631:Chiangmai
3602:Taiwanese
3590:Sri Lanka
3586:Singapore
3582:Singapore
3539:Mongolian
3513:Malaysian
3410:Indonesia
3379:Hong Kong
3367:Cambodian
3324:Tanzanian
3200:By region
2756:Bhutanese
2551:Niimíipuu
2533:Karankawa
2456:Hai Phong
2451:Chiangmai
2242:Hai Phong
2234:Viet-Thai
2096:Slovenian
2065:Mongolian
2031:Hungarian
1967:Hand Talk
1934:Ethiopian
1862:Dominican
1856:Cambodian
1651:Shanghai
1481:Jordanian
1474:Levantine
1453:Levantine
1338:Yan-nhaŋu
1323:Warluwara
1317:Warlmanpa
1283:Miriwoong
1126:Ukrainian
1081:Hungarian
1071:Esperanto
1049:Alphabets
911:208619892
895:1543-0375
850:cite book
807:151792040
799:1362-1688
720:1081-4159
4924:Mouthing
4900:Language
4883:ASLwrite
4807:Japanese
4762:American
4734:Mouthing
4725:Movement
4717:Location
4662:Old Kent
4628:Chilmark
4564:Monastic
4517:Peruvian
4500:Paraguay
4488:Provisle
4479:Colombia
4449:Bolivian
4409:Sinasina
4253:Henniker
4213:Cheyenne
4165:Chiriqui
4126:Honduran
4122:Honduras
3992:Belizean
3900:Slovenia
3884:Portugal
3750:Ghardaia
3734:Estonian
3713:Croatian
3676:Austrian
3668:Armenian
3622:Thailand
3570:Filipino
3562:Nepalese
3547:Ghandruk
3535:Mongolia
3531:Maldives
3527:Maldives
3523:Selangor
3509:Malaysia
3481:Miyakubo
3471:Japanese
3453:Ghardaia
3363:Cambodia
3320:Tanzania
3233:Cameroon
3229:Ghardaia
3224:Algerian
3059:Sinasina
2832:Henniker
2811:Ghandruk
2751:Belizean
2734:Armenian
2697:Isolates
2644:Kalispel
2641:A'aninin
2599:Wazhazhe
2596:Umatilla
2578:Shiwinna
2569:Piipaash
2518:Dane-zaa
2512:Cheyenne
2417:Yucatec
2388:Chilmark
2322:Calcutta
2206:Malagasy
2050:Georgian
1954:Nigerian
1951:Moroccan
1940:Ghanaian
1865:Jamaican
1851:Mandalay
1840:Bolivian
1810:American
1502:Possible
1484:Lebanese
1422:Egyptian
1288:Mudburra
1254:Djingili
1216:families
1214:Language
1131:Yugoslav
1091:Japanese
1056:American
903:31902797
750:Archived
746:asl.land
728:15585746
651:37981448
5273:Italics
5224:Tic-tac
5066:Persons
4902:contact
4851:Writing
4832:Spanish
4822:Russian
4777:Chilean
4772:Catalan
4637:Jaralde
4620:Extinct
4591:Grammar
4559:Makaton
4526:Uruguay
4492:Ecuador
4475:Chilean
4467:Ka'apor
4445:Bolivia
4263:Oceania
4149:Mexican
4139:Chatino
4118:Haitian
4047:Plateau
3977:America
3975:Central
3960:Ukraine
3956:Turkish
3930:Swedish
3917:Spanish
3912:Catalan
3896:Russian
3840:Russian
3836:Moldova
3824:Latvian
3808:Italian
3796:Ireland
3788:Iceland
3780:Hungary
3764:Germany
3742:Finnish
3738:Finland
3730:Estonia
3717:Denmark
3709:Croatia
3705:British
3692:Flemish
3688:Belgium
3672:Austria
3664:Armenia
3645:Vietnam
3610:Russian
3552:Jhankot
3505:Laotian
3458:Israeli
3440:Kurdish
3427:Persian
3396:Bengali
3375:Chinese
3359:Bengali
3340:Zambian
3332:Ugandan
3296:Senegal
3283:Nigeria
3250:Nanabin
3220:Algeria
3132:Zambian
3008:Persian
2914:Kisindo
2873:Ka'apor
2863:Jhankot
2781:Chatino
2634:Plateau
2616:Mixed,
2608:Wyandot
2602:Wichita
2590:Tháumgá
2572:Ppáⁿkka
2560:Nʉmʉnʉʉ
2536:Liksiyu
2527:Hiraacá
2506:Arikara
2373:Kentish
2315:Bengali
2225:Teknmál
2125:Gambian
2093:Serbian
2090:Kosovar
2029:Austro-
1999:Mixed,
1982:Mixed,
1965:Mixed,
1943:Guinean
1937:Chadian
1913:Jakarta
1844:Burmese
1812:(ASLic)
1509:Emirati
1427:Kuwaiti
1270:Jaralde
1121:Spanish
1116:Russian
1066:Chilean
1061:Catalan
285:Gallery
38:) is a
5188:Loulis
5184:Washoe
5018:Others
4817:Polish
4812:Korean
4792:German
4787:French
4632:Diyari
4596:Idioms
4453:Brazil
4422:Samoan
4384:Kailge
4328:Umpila
4273:Auslan
4236:Navajo
4220:Oneida
4216:Ojibwa
4161:Panama
4130:Mexico
4071:Brunca
4066:Bribri
4052:Cayman
4036:Quebec
4026:Oneida
4022:Ojibwa
3996:Canada
3988:Belize
3951:Mardin
3942:Turkey
3926:Sweden
3892:Russia
3880:Polish
3876:Poland
3868:Norway
3820:Latvia
3812:Kosovo
3772:Greece
3768:German
3755:French
3746:France
3721:Danish
3658:Europe
3598:Taiwan
3518:Penang
3489:Korean
3476:Koniya
3444:Israel
3391:Alipur
3355:Bengal
3336:Zambia
3328:Uganda
3308:Somali
3266:Kenyan
3237:Maroua
3214:Africa
3170:(~150)
3003:Penang
2948:M'bour
2938:Mardin
2888:Kailge
2878:Kajana
2847:Inuit
2771:Brunca
2766:Bribri
2724:Alipur
2704:Afghan
2660:Sqeliz
2545:Nakota
2423:Nohkop
2420:Chicán
2329:Nepali
2319:Bombay
1848:Yangon
1582:Samoan
1568:Fijian
1545:Auslan
1533:BANZSL
1490:Syrian
1451:Iraqi–
1442:Yemeni
1432:Libyan
1391:Meriam
1305:Umpila
1248:Diyari
1106:Polish
1101:Nepali
1096:Korean
1076:French
909:
901:
893:
840:
830:
805:
797:
726:
718:
675:
649:
639:
5044:Media
4802:Irish
4522:Sivia
4471:Chile
4414:Wanib
4389:Mehek
4355:Yolŋu
4323:Ngada
4144:Mayan
4114:Haiti
4110:Mayan
4089:Cuban
3908:Spain
3848:Dutch
3804:Italy
3800:Irish
3776:Greek
3760:Lyons
3614:Tibet
3578:Saudi
3557:Jumla
3543:Nepal
3485:Korea
3467:Japan
3435:Iraqi
3387:India
3371:China
3300:Mbour
3274:Tebul
3262:Kenya
3241:Ghana
3099:Wanib
3074:Tebul
3064:Sivia
2953:Mehek
2868:Jumla
2581:Sioux
2566:Palus
2563:Omaha
2426:Nohya
2325:Delhi
2247:Hanoi
1659:Macau
1519:Omani
1514:Saudi
1464:Iraqi
1347:Yolŋu
1140:Types
1086:Irish
952:(PDF)
907:S2CID
803:S2CID
5246:and
4878:si5s
4508:Peru
4462:Cena
4379:Enga
4210:Cree
4085:Cuba
4019:Cree
3636:Thai
3501:Laos
3431:Iraq
3423:Iran
3406:Naga
3349:Asia
3287:Bura
3270:Mali
3176:(7+)
2978:Naga
2806:Enga
2776:Cena
2584:Taos
2530:Icāk
2521:Diné
2301:Sign
959:2023
934:2023
899:PMID
891:ISSN
856:link
838:OCLC
828:ISBN
795:ISSN
758:2022
724:PMID
716:ISSN
673:ISBN
647:OCLC
637:ISBN
249:Uses
223:and
30:The
5248:BSL
5244:ASL
4583:ASL
883:doi
879:164
785:doi
706:doi
36:AMA
5293::
5268:^c
5259:^b
5254:.
5237:^a
5186:,
4727:/
4723:/
4719:/
4715:/
905:.
897:.
889:.
877:.
873:.
852:}}
848:{{
836:.
801:.
793:.
781:22
779:.
775:.
748:.
744:.
722:.
714:.
702:10
700:.
696:.
659:^
645:.
178:10
46:.
5279:.
5190:)
5182:(
4891:)
4885:(
1240:)
1236:(
1181:e
1174:t
1167:v
1034:e
1027:t
1020:v
961:.
936:.
913:.
885::
858:)
844:.
809:.
787::
760:.
730:.
708::
681:.
653:.
606:Z
594:Y
582:X
570:W
558:V
546:U
534:T
522:S
510:R
498:Q
486:P
474:O
462:N
450:M
438:L
426:K
414:J
402:I
390:H
378:G
366:F
354:E
342:D
330:C
318:B
306:A
225:H
221:G
166:9
154:8
142:7
130:6
118:5
106:4
94:3
82:2
70:1
34:(
20:)
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