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433:(house spirit). Any achievement of the family used to be attributed to the help given by the house spirit. The family does not open the “kang” where lies the house spirit, except in the A ja annual celebrations when each family must open the “kang” and use the sacred item therein for rituals inside the family and in the Rong house. When a ritual is held, the family head used to put some cooked rice, some rice grains, and meat in front of the “kang” and offers prayers.
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386:) was held once every 10–12 years. In case prosperity, bumper harvest are enjoyed by the village along with absence of illnesses and death, the village must hold a thanksgiving ritual dedicated to Giang kmuk (ma người chết nói chung). In case the village is hit by floods and other natural calamities, it must hold ritual dedicated to the heavens spirit, the earth spirit, the Rong house spirit, and the house spirit.
402:). It is believed that the water spirit can give people a lot of fish as food, and a Ta-oi legend has it that the water spirit creates fish by putting grains of rice in a banana leaf and dropping them into the brook, thus turning them into fish. It is reported that when they were still in Laos Mr Quynh Say, Mr Quynh Chay have seen the water spirit at the water sources.
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cut banana leaves into various forms – the T symbolizing clothing, the V symbolizing pants – and thrust them across the door. Rich families would hurl out 2 pieces of cloth. And all these families say almost the same thing to the souls:”we have given you presents, please refrain from asking more, please refrain from disturbing us, please bless us”.
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other more valuable goods. The Ba hi live in valleys close to the lowland areas and are adept in trading and in wet paddy cultivation. Thus, the Ta-oi do take into account various elements of topography, environment and economic activities in order to assess and analyze their own ethnic group and sub-groups, and their different characteristics.
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In Laos, some villages worshipped two tigers’ heads. At present, only Nham I hamlet continues to worship tigers as a custom. Ka Linh, Ta Keu hamlets worshipped tigers when they were still located in Laos. One can say that from the end of the anti-US war, such a worship no longer prevails in the Ta-oi
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When the Rong house is inaugurated, when new year celebrations and new paddy celebrations are held each year, some food, including new rice, must be presented to the tiger spirit. The tiger's grave is visited and cleaned once every year by the villagers. Tigers are worshipped because people believe
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In the past, the Ta-oi lived in long houses where each family had its own room, where it worships its house spirit. In his dream, the family head may see the house spirit integrating itself into a loin cloth, a “reng” piece of cloth or any other thing. Thereafter, he would put that loin cloth or reng
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In 2003, Mr Vo Dau died, and his wife, Mrs Ka Dau, spread ash at her door. As she could see his foot prints on the ash, she concluded that he had come back. Some other persons say that they could hear certain noises that show that the soul has come back, has poured water into a cup or has taken some
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The Ta-oi in Nham commune explain that they called themselves as Ta uot, but the members of the Kinh ethnic group coming from the lowlands of Thừa Thiên–Huế called them as Ta-oi. The Ta uot group lives mainly in middle-level of mountains and are sparsely distributed in the mountain tops. In addition
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The tiger's grave house is usually located on a higher ground in the vicinity of the human graves house, and no one is allowed to enter it. It is surrounded by a stone hedge. In the middle of the house is a stone on which is placed the tiger's head. The house also contains a number of presents given
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The Paco live at the foot of mountains and hills, are conversant in slope field cultivation, in bamboo and rattan weaving, but are not adept in cloth weaving. But they are good traders who earn profits through exchanging cloth and clothes, blacksmith goods, beautiful shoulder baskets, honey against
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Of all forest wild beasts, the Ta-oi regard tigers as the most powerful animal and as a protecting spirit of the village. They regard the capture of a tiger as a gift of the forest spirit. The capture of a tiger is preceded by a number of incidental dreams: because of such a dream, a villager sets
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The Ta-oi believe that the soul can integrate itself into the voice, can create a force that can exert an impact on other things. For example, the soul can come back and knock at your door. The Ta-oi also believe that if no asset is distributed to the deceased, after three days its soul may come
496:), but it is not until a ritual is held by the village that the head of the tiger could be put in the grave house. The ritual held by the village for the inauguration of the tiger's grave house involves a goat, a pig and a chicken as offerings, which are put on a tray and then in the grave house.
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Bad souls are the souls of women who died in child delivery, of men who were devoured by tigers etc.. They would appear in the graves, would cry or return to the village and tease the living. They may come back and demand clothing, shoulder baskets, knives etc.. In such cases, poor families would
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The Ta-oi follow animism and believe that all things have souls. Mention must first be made about souls. The soul lies from the breast to the head when a human being is still alive. When the human being dies, there is only one soul (avai ving) which wanders in the cemetery. If the deceased is not
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Rituals dedicated to the heavens spirit must involve 12 types of foodstuffs, to the earth spirit 8 types of foodstuffs, to Giang kmuk 5 types of foodstuffs. These foodstuffs are: buffalo meat, pork, chicken, blood pudding, grilled meat, mon thai, soup, glutinous rice. Rice must be put in bowls,
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In contrast, all things in nature may be thought of as having the same spirit. Initially, animatism and animism may seem to be the same thing. In fact both beliefs are often found in the same culture. The difference, however, is that the "power" of animatism does not have a personality—it is an
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According to the April 1, 1999 census on population and housing, the Ta-oi have a population of 34,960, accounting for 0.07% of the national population. At present, the Ta-oi live in both
Vietnam and Laos, in the latter nation where they the Ta oi mainstream population and also call themselves as
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The Ta-oi believe that the water spirit has a special relationship with the water supply pipe of the village: when water is first brought to the village through lo-o bamboo pipes, no one is allowed to use it; the village head and the heads of family clans perform a ritual dedicated to the water
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Spirits are different from the soul of deceased humans, and there are many types of spirits. The brau brieu spirit is a kind of forest spirit that can bless human beings but can also cause illnesses. It can also direct tigers, snakes and other wild beasts and cause them to harm human beings.
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This ethnological term refers to the practice of some minority ethnic groups who are adept in using some products for inducing a girl and turning her into one's wife. The Ta-oi call that product as “love medicine” (nang). According to the Ta-oi, this is a resin collected from the feet of the
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spirit with a cock as offering, beseeching it to make sure that the water flow would never dry up and that water would not cause belly ache to those who drink it. Thereafter, the cock is slaughtered near the Rong house and its blood is buried in the place of arrival of water.
533:“Ko-tach” bird, a bird of black and red plumage, similar to a parrot. If you put that resin in the shoulder basket of a girl or in her hair, that girl would follow you. But the “Ko tach” bird only lives in Laos and so the resin is only available in Laos, not in Vietnam.
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must punish him/her. Local women and visitors from outside are not allowed to attend the ritual dedicated to the head of the tiger. If a visitor from another village wishes to attend the ritual, the village head must be informed and would take a decision.
413:). Before using the water for the first time, a ritual must be performed by the village head with a pig and a goat and a chicken as offerings to the water spirit (aul – avo dak).The inhabitants of other villages are not allowed to use that water.
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foodstuffs out of the pot. It is not until the third day following death, that the deceased become conscious of his/her death. Before that, there was no awareness because he/she was in a state of sleep and dream, or half asleep and half-awake.
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Ta-oih. Another sub-group of the Ta-Oi is called as Paco (Pa coh), which means "persons who live behind the mountains." Judging by the family clan origin, marriage and family relationship and language, the Ba hi people who mainly lives in
489:) who expresses the desire to stay in the village. When a tiger falls into the trap, the hunter and inhabitants must hold a ritual dedicated to the forest spirit, involving such offerings as sol, leo, agate beads and a “reng” cloth.
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happy with his/her family, his/her soul used to disturb and disrupt the lives of human beings in the family concerned. The souls of the dead used to come back during rituals, as also through various dreams (am bo) of the living.
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cloth..into a kang (a shoulder basket made for this specific purpose) which is put at a corner of the house, and would slaughter a chicken and perform a ritual on the arrival of the house spirit (giang an teng) into his house.
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language family, and is regarded as one of
Vietnam's indigenous groups. The Ta Oi call themselves Taoih, or sometimes as Taoih or Ta Uot, and is called by the Paco sub-group as Can Tua or Can Tang, which means "highlanders".
335:, the belief that natural objects are animated by spirits. This belief can take diverse forms. Things in nature may all have within them different spirits—each rock, tree, and cloud may have its own unique spirit.
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by the villagers to the tiger: a bowl (for containing food), armlet, a “reng” piece of cloth, buffalo and cow horns, pig's jaw which have been prepared and contributed on the instruction of the village head.
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From then on, when the family holds a ritual in connection with a funeral, a wedding, a ritual dedicated to the forest spirit or the water spirit, the ritual must also be dedicated to the
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The long house where lived many families has its own spirit (giang danh) which stayed in the room reserved to visitors/guests, where a small house hung under the roof is the shelter of
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In that very place, the pillar where is attached the village water pipe is beautifully decorated and is strengthened and repaired each year, and some chicken blood is buried there (
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to swidden cultivation, they are adept in growing cotton, weaving cloth and brocades, in sewing or fastening glass beads on costumes, and in making some musical instruments (
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back and demand assets. As a precaution against this, the Ta-oi used to spread firewood ashes in front of their doors in order to identify the footprints of the soul.
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Only after such an elaborate ritual, would they cut the head of the tiger and take it to the village. A group of young men build a grave house for the tiger (
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impersonal "it" rather than a "he" or "she" with human-like characteristics. Spirits are individual supernatural beings with their own recognizable traits.
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64:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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Ca dao, câu đố dồng dao, tục ngữ và trò chơi dân gian dân tộc Tà Ôi
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Culture of the Ta Oi in A Lưới
District, Thừa Thiên-Huế province
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Văn hóa dân gian dân tộc Ta-Ôih (Huyện A Lưới, Thừa Thiên Huế)
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language. They are concentrated in A Lưới district of
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499:The village head's prayer would be as follows: As
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584:"Results of Population and Housing Census 2015"
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382:The ritual dedicated to the heavens spirit (
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628:. Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản văn hóa thông tin.
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80:Learn how and when to remove this message
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564:. General Statistics Office of Vietnam
562:"Report on Results of the 2019 Census"
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117:Regions with significant populations
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610:Nguyễn Thị Sửu; Trần Hoàng. 2010.
27:Ethnic group from Vietnam and Laos
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543:List of ethnic groups in Vietnam
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624:Trần Nguyễn Khánh Phong. 2013.
614:. Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản dân trí.
107:Traditional Ta Oi skirt at the
437:The spirit of the Long house (
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250:Ta Oi boys with fish traps,
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109:Vietnam Museum of Ethnology
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589:. Lao Statistics Bureau
327:Only a small number of
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1540:Sino-Tibetan languages
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223:in Vietnam, and in
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417:The house spirit (
301:Quảng Trị Province
297:Hướng Hóa District
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217:Hướng Hóa District
200:(45,991 in 2015).
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343:Souls and spirits
323:Religious beliefs
232:Saravane Province
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1563:Sán Dìu
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1300:Bru-Vân Kiều
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1165:
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646:UNDP Vietnam
625:
611:
591:. Retrieved
578:
566:. Retrieved
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234:in southern
202:
190:ethnic group
185:
183:
92:Ethnic group
76:
67:
44:
1595:Phù Lá
1580:Hà Nhì
1413:H'Mông/Mông
1274:Việt (Kinh)
741:(White Tai)
735:(Black Tai)
384:giang abang
1732:Categories
1649:Expatriate
1600:Si La
1590:Lô Lô
1585:La Hủ
1486:Thái Trắng
1315:Giẻ Triêng
1162:(Highland)
1159:Lao Theung
1031:Hmong–Mien
549:References
528:Love magic
466:giang danh
462:giang danh
455:giang danh
447:giang danh
439:giang danh
313:pan flutes
161:Vietnamese
70:March 2009
54:improve it
1681:Taiwanese
1496:Tày Thanh
1428:Tai–Kadai
1400:Hmong–Dao
1154:(Lowland)
965:Palaungic
809:Phon Sung
729:(Red Tai)
727:Tai Daeng
494:ping a vo
474:giang avo
377:krum kaek
288:Mon–Khmer
209:Mon–Khmer
151:Languages
58:verifying
1717:Category
1676:Nigerian
1661:Japanese
1491:Phu Thái
1476:Thái Đen
1461:Sán Chay
1380:Xinh Mun
1167:Lao Sung
1151:Lao Loum
1014:Xinh Mun
896:Bahnaric
745:Tai Maen
739:Tai Khao
717:Phu Thai
537:See also
509:giang vo
505:giang vo
501:giang vo
487:a vo bok
177:Buddhism
167:Religion
111:in Hanoi
1635:Gia Rai
1481:Thái Đỏ
1418:Pà Thẻn
1385:Xơ Đăng
1128:Kaleung
1118:Chinese
1022:(Kiorr)
945:Talieng
935:Nyaheun
915:Kataang
911:(Lavae)
815:Thavung
750:Tai Nüa
733:Tai Dam
694:Lao-Tai
333:animism
276:pak gat
194:Vietnam
173:Animism
131:Vietnam
52:Please
1695:italic
1671:Jewish
1666:Korean
1656:Indian
1640:Raglai
1625:Chu Ru
1523:Pu Péo
1513:La Chí
1508:Cơ Lao
1370:Rơ Măm
1360:Chơ Ro
1345:Xtiêng
1340:M'Nông
1330:Khơ Mú
1243:Vietic
1170:(Hill)
1135:(Lawi)
1097:Phunoi
1092:Phana'
1044:Lanten
1020:Samtao
1016:(Puoc)
999:Mlabri
940:Sedang
871:Makong
848:Katuic
811:(Aheu)
799:Maleng
760:Vietic
632:
618:
282:, Laos
266:, Laos
254:, Laos
188:is an
157:Ta'oih
141:
128:
1518:La Ha
1390:Khmer
1375:Tà Ôi
1350:Cơ Ho
1325:Kháng
1310:Cơ Tu
1290:Ba Na
1263:Nguồn
1257:Mường
1111:Other
1102:Si La
1082:Kaduo
1039:Hmong
1004:Lamet
989:Khamu
985:(Lua)
978:Khang
952:(Jeh)
930:Laven
886:Ta Oi
876:Pacoh
861:Ca Tu
838:Khmer
830:Khmer
804:Phong
780:(May)
712:Phuan
605:Notes
593:1 May
587:(PDF)
568:1 May
483:ti ho
373:katek
369:abang
309:drums
228:Ta Oy
225:muang
186:Tà Ôi
96:Ta Oi
18:Ta Oi
1630:Ê Đê
1620:Chăm
1575:Cống
1558:Ngái
1529:Thủy
1471:Thái
1456:Nùng
1441:Giáy
1436:Bố Y
1365:Ơ Đu
1335:Mảng
1295:Brâu
1252:Chứt
1133:Lavy
1087:Lahu
1077:Kado
1072:Hani
1067:Akha
1009:O Du
983:Htin
961:Khmu
920:Jeng
909:Brau
904:Alak
794:Liha
789:Krih
778:Chut
768:Atel
722:Saek
630:ISBN
616:ISBN
595:2020
570:2020
236:Laos
215:and
207:, a
198:Laos
184:The
144:Laos
1553:Hoa
1548:Han
1466:Tày
1446:Lào
1408:Dao
1320:Hrê
1269:Thổ
1229:by
1123:Doi
1049:Yao
994:Keu
973:Bit
950:Yae
881:Sou
866:Kuy
856:Bru
820:Tum
702:Lao
684:by
400:Avo
379:).
315:).
230:of
219:of
192:of
56:by
1734::
1451:Lự
1355:Mạ
1305:Co
925:Oy
773:Bo
707:Lu
457:.
311:,
299:,
278:,
238:.
175:•
159:•
1245:)
1241:(
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963:-
674:e
667:t
660:v
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476:)
441:)
421:)
83:)
77:(
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68:(
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20:)
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