T-34 - Knowledge

2468: 1557:, revealed problems with overall armour build quality, especially of the plate joins and welds, as well as the use of soft steel combined with shallow surface tempering. Leak issues were noted: "In a heavy rain lots of water flows through chinks/cracks, which leads to the disabling of the electrical equipment and even the ammunition". Earlier models of the T-34, until the Model 1942, had cast turrets whose armour was softer than that of the other parts of the tank, and offered poor resistance even to 37 mm anti-aircraft shells. Early T-34s also suffered from poor quality welds, leading to instances of shells which would not have penetrated the tank under normal circumstances to penetrate anyway. They also suffered from rushed manufacturing, leading to inconsistent protection. 2067: 1737:, provided greatly increased firepower compared to the previous T-34's 76.2mm gun. The 85 mm gun could penetrate the turret front of a Tiger I tank from 500 m (550 yd) and the driver's front plate from 300 m (330 yd) at the side angle of 30 degrees, and the larger turret enabled the addition of another crew member, allowing the roles of commander and gunner to be separated and increasing the rate of fire and overall effectiveness. The D-5T was capable of penetrating the Tiger I's upper hull armour at 1,000 metres. When firing on the frontal armour of the Panther at an angle of 30 degrees sidewards, the T-34-85 could not penetrate its turret at 500 m (550 yd). This meant that the T-34 would have to resort to using 2151: 2159:

well as over 900 heavy tanks, mostly KVs). The destruction of the Soviet tank force was accomplished not only by the glaring disparity in the tactical and operational skills of the opponents, but also by mechanical defects that afflicted Soviet armour. Besides the poor state of older tanks, the new T-34s and KVs suffered from initial mechanical and design problems, particularly with regard to clutches and transmissions. Mechanical breakdowns accounted for at least 50 percent of the tank losses in the summer fighting, and recovery or repair equipment was not to be found. The shortage of repair equipment and recovery vehicles led the early T-34 crews to enter combat carrying a spare transmission on the engine deck.

4516: 3706: 1662:. An evaluation of the tank was conducted by the USA which found that the sloped armour of the T-34 was desirable for deflecting shells. They also concluded that the armour was deemed as satisfactory as armour strength was comparable to US armour of similar hardness and that the quality of the material used was "high-grade". Similarly, casting was seen as high quality although casting defects were found in the side armour of the tank that negatively affected armour strength. The abundance of gaps in the joints of the armour was seen as an undesirable feature of the tank due to the risk of injury from "entry of bullet splash and shell fragments". 1643:'s 8.8 cm KwK 36 L/56 would have to close in to 100 m (110 yd) to achieve a penetration in the T-34's glacis, and could penetrate the frontal turret of a T-34-85 at 1,400 m, the mantlet at 400 m, and the nose at 300 m Ground trials by employees of NIBT Polygon in May 1943 reported that the 88 mm KwK 36 gun could pierce the T-34 frontal hull from 1,500 meters at 90 degrees and cause a disastrous burst effect inside the tank. The examined hull showed cracks, spalling, and delamination due to the poor quality of the armour. It was recommended to increase and improve the quality of welds and armour. 2803: 1523: 3306: 2552: 3394: 3408: 901: 2422:

sloped than the original T-34 turret, making it a bigger target (due to the three-man crew and bigger gun), but with thicker 90 mm armour, making it more resistant to enemy fire. The shells were 50% heavier (9 kg) and were much better in the anti-armour role, and reasonable in a general purpose role, though only 55–60 could be carried, instead of 90–100 of the earlier shells. The resulting new tank, the T-34-85, was seen as a compromise between advocates for the T-43 and others who wanted to continue to build as many 76 mm-armed T-34s as possible without interruption.

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was more cost-effective than the heaviest German tanks. In comparison with the T-34-85 program, the Germans instead chose an upgrade path based on the introduction of completely new, expensive, heavier, and more complex tanks, greatly slowing the growth of their tank production and helping the Soviets to maintain a substantial numerical superiority in tanks. By May 1944, T-34-85 production had reached 1,200 tanks per month. In the entire war, production figures for all Panther types reached no more than 6,557, and for all Tiger types (including the Tiger I and

3580: 3929: 3692: 3185: 2426: 3165: 3291: 4001: 3376: 2912: 3664: 2708: 3961: 3450: 3478: 713:. This feature had greatly saved on maintenance and repair of the unreliable tank tracks of the early 1930s, and allowed tanks to exceed 85 kilometres per hour (53 mph) on roads, but gave no advantage in combat and its complexity made it difficult to maintain. By 1937–38, track design had improved and the designers considered it a waste of space, weight, and maintenance resources, despite the road speed advantage. The A-20 also incorporated previous research (BT-IS and BT-SW-2 projects) into 3820: 2263: 3861: 3217: 3535: 2127:, and left a 14-kilometre (8.7 mi) long swathe of destruction in its wake before a howitzer destroyed it at close range. In another incident, a single Soviet T-34 was hit more than 30 times by a battalion-sized contingent of German 37mm and 50mm anti-tank guns, yet survived intact and drove back to its own lines a few hours later. The inability to penetrate the T-34's armour led to the Germans' standard anti-tank gun, the 37 mm PaK 36, being dubbed the 3245: 3915: 3901: 11639: 2356:

demonstrated that the 76.2 mm gun of the T-34 was no longer as effective as it was in 1941. Soviet tank crews struggled at longer ranges with the additional frontal armour applied to the later variants of the Panzer III and Panzer IV, and were unable to penetrate the frontal armour of the new German Panther or Tiger I tank at standard combat ranges without tungsten rounds, and had to rely on tactical skill through flanking manoeuvres and combined arms.

2535:. Red Army combined-arms forces achieved complete surprise and used a powerful, deep-penetrating attack in a classic double encirclement pattern, spearheaded by the T-34-85. The opposing Japanese forces had been reduced as elite units had been drawn off to other fronts and the remaining forces were in the middle of a redeployment. The Japanese tanks remaining to face them were all held in the rear and not used in combat; the Japanese had weak support from 1758: 3943: 3650: 3491: 3678: 2405: 3505: 3549: 3806: 3758: 3733: 3720: 3609: 3362: 3320: 3273: 3231: 4161: 2210: 11649: 3436: 1788:

road, being limited to 3rd on terrain. In the first batch of T-34s, shifting from 2nd to 3rd required a force of 46-112 kg. In September 1941, however, changes were made which lowered the effort to under 31 kg by changing the 3rd gear ratio, which lowered top speed in 3rd gear from 29 km/h to 25 km/h, but made shifting easier. Using the 5-speed gearbox allowed the T-34 to use 4th gear on terrain, with which it could reach 30 km/h.

3875: 3348: 3199: 4311: 768: 1187: 3889: 3833: 3847: 3464: 3259: 838: 663: 3422: 3636: 3595: 3145: 1580:-Cr-Mo steels were employed for both rolled and cast steel components from 2" to 5" in thickness, and Ni-Cr-Mo steels were employed for some of the moderately thick cast armour sections". The armour was heat-treated in order to prevent penetration by armour-piercing shells, but this also caused it to be structurally weak, as the armor was very hard and thus brittle, resulting in strikes by high explosive shells causing 2776: 2401:, was found capable of doing the job, and so derivatives of it were developed for tanks. One of the resulting guns used on the original T-34 85 model (the D-5T) was capable of penetrating the Tiger I's upper hull armour at 1,000 metres. It was still not enough to match the Tiger, which could destroy the T-34 from a distance of 1,500 to 2,000 m (4,900 to 6,600 ft), but it was a noticeable improvement. 4214: 2321: 2875: 1911:

the average was 82%. During February 1944 tests, 79% of tanks reached 300 kilometers, and of the test batches 33% reached 1,000 kilometers. This became immediately apparent to the tank troops. The deputy commander of the 1st Guards Tank Army, P. G. Dyner, commented that tanks in 1943 would reach only 75 percent of their guaranteed life span in engine hours and mileage, but in 1944 they reached 150 percent.

1671: 1128: 2163: 2648: 2950:(South West African People's Organisation) base there. The Cuban forces were mobilised to stop them. As they approached Cassinga they were strafed by South African aircraft, which destroyed most of the BTR-152s and three of the T-34-85s; a fourth T-34-85 was disabled by an anti-tank mine buried in the road. The remaining tank continued to engage the withdrawing South African paratroops from a 40: 3112:

tanks, with 45. Yemen possessed 30, Guinea 30, Guinea-Bissau 10, Mali 21, and Laos 30. It was unclear how many Cuban and North Korean T-34s remained in service. All the Congolese, Namibian and Malian tanks were believed to be in reserve storage or inoperable. The Laotian Army retired its T-34s in early 2019 and sold them to Russia, to be used for public displays and museum exhibits.

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use of diesel, the good contours of the tanks, thick armor, good and reliable armaments, the successful design of the tracks etc., Russian tanks are significantly inferior to American tanks in their simplicity of driving, manoeuvrability, the strength of firing (reference to muzzle velocity), speed, the reliability of mechanical construction and the ease of keeping them running.

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reported that within 300–400 m the 37 mm Pak 36's armour-piercing shot could defeat the frontal armour. According to an examination of damaged T-34 tanks in several repair workshops in August to September 1942, collected by the People's Commissariat for Tank Industry in January 1943, 54.3% of all T-34 losses were caused by the German long-barreled

2186:, reducing the army's efficiency and morale. This was aggravated as the campaign progressed by the loss of many of the properly trained personnel during the Red Army's disastrous defeats early in the invasion. Typical crews went into combat with only basic military training plus 72 hours of classroom instruction; according to historian 2365: 2795:. Egypt went on to build the T-34-100, a local and unique conversion that was made up of a Soviet BS-3 100 mm heavy field-artillery gun mounted within a heavily modified turret, as well as the T-34-122 mounting the D-30 gun. In 1956, they were used as regular tanks to support Egyptian infantry, the tank was still in use by the 1169:(1951–58), where 1,380 and 3,185 T-34-85s were made, respectively, by 1956. Altogether, as many as 84,070 T-34s are thought to have been built, plus 13,170 self-propelled guns built on T-34 chassis. It was the most-produced tank of the Second World War, and the second most-produced tank of all time, after its successor, the 1150:. By the end of 1945, over 57,300 T-34s had been built: 34,780 T-34 tanks in multiple variants with 76.2 mm guns in 1940–44, and another 22,609 of the revised T-34-85 model in 1944–45. The single largest producer was Factory N.183 (UTZ), building 28,952 T-34s and T-34-85s from 1941 to 1945. The second-largest was 569:, although its armour and armament were surpassed later in the war. Its main strength was its cost and production time, meaning that German panzer forces would often fight against Soviet tank forces several times their own size. The T-34 is also a critical part of the mechanized divisions that form the backbone of the 1058:, an undertaking of immense scale and haste that presented enormous logistic difficulties and was extremely punishing to the workers involved. Alexander Morozov personally supervised the evacuation of all skilled engineers and laborers, machinery and stock from KhPZ to re-establish the factory at the site of the 2961:

complained to General Konstantin Kurochkin, head of the Soviet military delegation to Angola, that his men could no longer be expected to fight South African armour with T-34s of "World War II vintage"; Castro insisted that the Soviets furbish the Cuban forces with a larger quantity of T-55s. By 1987

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to fit the T-34. This was a larger three-man turret, with radio (previously in the hull) and observation cupola in the roof. Now the tank commander needed only to command (aided by cupola and radio systems), leaving the operation of the gun to the gunner and the loader. The turret was bigger and less

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Steering gears have caused problems and breakdowns on all new battle tanks. In difficult terrain, during the gears or also during the course of attacks where many changes of direction are made, the steering clutch heats up and covers with oil quickly: consequently the clutch does not engage and it is

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Judging by samples, Russians when producing tanks pay little attention to careful machining or the finishing and technology of small parts and components, which leads to the loss of the advantage what would otherwise accrue from what on the whole are well-designed tanks. Despite the advantages of the

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The Christie's suspension was tested a long time ago by the Americans and unconditionally rejected. On our tanks, as a result of the poor steel on the springs, it very quickly fatigues and as a result clearance is noticeably reduced. The deficiencies in our tracks from their viewpoint result from the

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From the point of view of operating them, the German armoured machines were almost perfect, they broke down less often. For the Germans, covering 200 km was nothing, but with T-34s something would have been lost, something would have broken down. The technological equipment of their machines was

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The loader also had a difficult job due to the lack of a turret basket (a rotating floor that moves as the turret turns); the same fault was present on all German tanks prior to the Panzer IV. The floor under the T-34's turret was made up of ammunition stored in small metal boxes, covered by a rubber

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crew arrangement required the commander to aim and fire the gun, an arrangement common to most Soviet tanks of the day. The two-man turret was "cramped and inefficient" and was inferior to the three-man (commander, gunner, and loader) turret crews of German Panzer III and Panzer IV tanks. The Germans

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as well, noting that "Combating the T-34 with the 5 cm KwK tank gun is possible only at short ranges from the flank or rear, where it is important to achieve a hit as perpendicular to the surface as possible." However, a Military Commissariat Report of the 10th Tank Division, dated 2 August 1941

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tank. Both tanks were the backbone of the armoured units in their respective armies, both nations distributed these tanks to their allies, who also used them as the mainstay of their own armoured formations, and both were upgraded extensively and fitted with more powerful guns. Both were designed for

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throughout the war. Its general specifications remained nearly unchanged until early 1944, when it received a firepower upgrade with the introduction of the greatly improved T-34-85 variant. Its production method was continuously refined and rationalized to meet the needs of the Eastern Front, making

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There were two main production families of the T-34, each with subvariants. The identification of T-34 variants can be complicated. Turret castings, superficial details, and equipment differed between factories; new features were added in the middle of production runs, or retrofitted to older tanks;

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In summary, a 1954 US military survey concluded that there were, in all, 119 tanks vs. tank actions involving US Army and US Marine units against North Korean and Chinese forces during the Korean War, with 97 T-34-85 tanks knocked out and another 18 considered probable. American losses were somewhat

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With the T-43 canceled, the Soviet command made the decision to retool the factories to produce an improved version of the T-34. Its turret ring was enlarged from 1,425 mm (56 in) to 1,600 mm (63 in), allowing a larger turret to be fitted supporting the larger 85 mm gun. The

2032:] battle tank has only a panoramic optic, located in the upper left area, in front of the telescopic sight. In order for the loader to be able to observe the trajectory of the projectile in any case, the Company has additionally incorporated a second panoramic optics for this member of the crew. 1830:

The main weakness is that it is very tight. The Americans couldn't understand how our tankers could fit inside during a winter when they wear sheepskin jackets. The electrical mechanism for rotating the turret is very bad. The motor is weak, very overloaded and sparks horribly, as a result of which

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The T-34-76's ground pressure was around 0.72 kg/cm². Its wide tracks allowed for superior performance on dirt roads and off-road when compared to contemporary tanks. There were, however, still examples of T-34s getting stuck in mud. For example, in 1944 February 4, the 21st Guards Tank Brigade with

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During the Korean War, the USA captured a T-34-85. US engineering analysis and testing concluded that the T-34-85 could penetrate 4.1 in (100 mm) at 1,000 yd (910 m), performing similarly to the HVAP rounds of the M41. The Americans also concluded the maximum range of the gun was

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Valuable lessons from Lake Khasan and Khalkhin Gol regarding armour protection, mobility, quality welding, and main guns were incorporated into the new T-34 tank, which represented a substantial improvement over the BT and T-26 tanks in all four areas. Koshkin's team completed two prototype T-34s in

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in 1939, with the heavier A-32 proving to be as mobile as the A-20. A still heavier version of the A-32, with 45 mm (1.77 in) of front armour, wider tracks, and a newer L-11 76.2 mm gun, was approved for production as the T-34. Koshkin chose the name after the year 1934, when he began

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The T-34-85 gave the Red Army a tank with better armour and mobility than the German Panzer IV tank and StuG III assault gun. While it could not match the armour or weapons of the heavier Panther and Tiger tanks, its improved firepower made it much more effective than earlier models, and overall it

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In relation to the armament and based on the experiences acquired so far, it can be affirmed that the power of the 7.62 cm cannon is good. If the barrel is adjusted correctly it has good precision even at great distances. The same can be said of the rest of the automatic weapons of the battle tank.

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Testing at Aberdeen also revealed that engines could grind to a halt from dust and sand ingestion, as the original "Pomon" air filter was almost totally ineffective and had an insufficient air-inflow capacity, starving the combustion chambers of oxygen, lowering compression, and thereby restricting

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The greater length of the 85 mm gun barrel – 4.645 m (15 ft 2.9 in) – made it necessary for crews to be careful not to plough it into the ground on bumpy roads or in combat. Tank commander A.K. Rodkin commented: "the tank could have dug the ground with it in the smallest ditch .

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In 2018, there were nine countries that maintained T-34s in the inventories of their national armed forces: Cuba, Yemen, the Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Namibia, North Korea, Laos, and Vietnam. Of these operators, Vietnam possessed the largest known surviving fleet of T-34 series

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had the ability to produce every part of the T-34-85, and during decades of service many modifications were made that visibly distinguish the PRC T-34-85 from the original specification, but no T-34-85 was actually made in China. The production plan of the T-34-85 in China was ended soon after the

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At the same time, the Soviets incrementally upgraded the T-34. The Model 1942 featured increased armour on the turret and many simplified components. The Model 1943 (confusingly also introduced in 1942) had yet more armour, as well as increased fuel capacity and more ammunition storage. Also added

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Soviet tests on newly built T-34’s showed that in April 1943 only 10.1% could complete a 330 km trial and in June ’43 this went down to 7.7%. The percentage stayed below 50% till October 1943 when it rose to 78%, in the next month it dropped to 57% and in the period December ’43 – January ’44

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The T-34 had well-sloped armour, a relatively powerful engine and wide tracks. The initial T-34 version had a powerful 76.2 mm gun, and is often called the T-34/76 (originally a World War II German designation, never used by the Red Army). In 1944, a second major version began production, the

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assault guns had been lost or abandoned. After October 1950, NKPA armour was rarely encountered. Despite China's entry into the conflict in the following month, no major armour deployments were carried out by them, as the Chinese focus was on massed infantry attacks rather than large-scale armour

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The Germans improved not only the weaponry of their tanks, but their armor as well. Soviet firing tests against a captured Tiger I heavy tank in April 1943 showed that the T-34's 76 mm gun could not penetrate the front of the Tiger I at all, and the side only at very close range. A

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Despite this, the Soviet corps equipped with these new tanks lost most of them within weeks. The combat statistics for 1941 show that the Soviets lost an average of over seven tanks for every German tank lost. The Soviets lost a total of 20,500 tanks in 1941 (approximately 2,300 of them T-34s, as

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The optical systems of the Russian battle tank are, in comparison with the Germans, much inferior. The German gunner has to get used to the Russian telescopic sight. Observing the impact or the trajectory of the projectile through the telescopic sight is only partially possible. The gunner of the

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The Company has had the same positive experiences with the 8.5 cm assault gun. Regarding the true power of fire compared to the 7.62 cm gun, the Company is not yet able to give details. The effect of explosive projectiles ( Sprenggranaten ) at great distances and its precision is much higher than

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The testing at Aberdeen revealed other problems as well. The turret drive also suffered from poor reliability. The use of poorly machined, low quality steel side friction clutches and the T-34's outdated and poorly manufactured transmission meant frequent mechanical failure occurred and that they

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The T-34's wide track and good suspension gave it excellent cross-country performance. Early in the tank's life, however, this advantage was greatly reduced by the numerous teething troubles the design displayed: a long road trip could be a lethal exercise for a T-34 tank at the start of the war.

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of the earlier BT-series tanks, using a "slack track" tread system with a rear-mounted drive sprocket and no system of return rollers for the upper run of track, but dispensed with the heavy and ineffective convertible drive. T-34 tanks equipped with the 4-speed gearbox could only use 4th gear on

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was reduced from an initial 861 parts to 614. The initial narrow, cramped turrets, both the cast one and the one welded of rolled armour plates bent to shape, were since 1942 gradually replaced with the somewhat less cramped hexagonal one; as it was mostly cast with only a few, simple flat armour

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to let him develop a second prototype, a more heavily armed and armoured "universal tank" that reflected the lessons learned and could replace both the T-26 and the BT tanks. Koshkin named the second prototype A-32, after its 32 mm (1.3 in) of frontal armour. It had an L-10 76.2 mm

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Production of the T-34-85 began in January 1944 at Factory No. 112, first using the D-5T 85 mm gun. Parallel to the production of the T-34-85 with the D-5T gun, production of the T-34-85 using the S-53 gun (later to be modified and redesignated as the ZIS-S-53 gun) began in February 1944 at

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The Soviet high command's decision to focus on one cost-effective design, cutting costs and simplifying production wherever possible while only allowing relatively minor improvements, had proven to be an astute choice for the first two years of the war. However, the battles in the summer of 1943

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Despite not having much experience yet, it can be said that the Russian battle tank is not suitable for carrying out long marches as well as high-speed marches. A maximum driving speed of 10–12 km / h has become convenient. During the marches and in order to allow the engines to cool down, it is

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T-34s operated in a disorganized fashion with little coordination or else tended to clump together like a hen with its chicks. Individual tank commanders lacked situational awareness due to the poor provision of vision devices and preoccupation with gunnery duties. A tank platoon would seldom be

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Despite these deficiencies, the T-34's armour proved problematic for the Germans in the initial stages of the war on the Eastern Front. In one wartime account, a single T-34 came under heavy fire upon encountering one of the most common German anti-tank guns at that stage of the war: "Remarkably

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The T-34 posed new challenges for the Soviet industry. It had heavier armour than any medium tank produced to date, and there were problems with defective armour plates. Only company commanders' tanks could be fitted with radios (originally the 71-TK-3 radio set), due to their expense and short

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also proved to be vulnerable. The Soviet tanks were also easily destroyed by the Japanese Type 95 tank's 37 mm gunfire, despite the low velocity of that gun, or "at any other slightest provocation". The use of riveted armour led to a problem whereby the impact of enemy shells, even if they

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Soviet designers were aware of design deficiencies in the tank, but most of the desired remedies would have slowed tank production and so were not implemented: the only changes allowed on the production lines through to 1944 were those to make production simpler and cheaper. New methods were

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heavy tank. However, the T-43 prototype's armour, though heavier, was not capable against German 88 mm guns, while its mobility was found to be inferior to the T-34. Finally, although the T-43 shared over 70% of its components with the T-34, manufacturing it would still have required a

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were an improved engine air filter and a new clutch mated to an improved and more reliable five-speed transmission. Finally, the Model 1943 also had a new, slightly roomier (but still two-man) turret of a distinctive hexagonal shape that was easier to manufacture, derived from the abandoned

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mat. There were nine ready rounds of ammunition stowed in racks on the sides of the fighting compartment. Once these rounds had been used, the crew had to pull additional ammunition out of the floor boxes, leaving the floor littered with open bins and matting and reducing their performance.

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An enormous number of T-34s and T-34-85s were produced; the Soviets used them aggressively in campaigns in Europe and Asia, and they were distributed to the Soviets' allies all over the world. Due to all three factors, there are hundreds of surviving T-34s. Examples of this tank are in the

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and Panzer IV, had no more than 50 or 60 mm (2.0 or 2.4 in) of flat frontal armour. However by 1942 the Germans had increased the hull armour on the Panzer IV to 80 mm (3.1 in) which provided good protection at normal combat distances. The F-34 also fired an adequate

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A Chinese T-34 tank No. 215 from 4th Tank Regiment, 2nd Tank Division, allegedly destroyed four enemy tanks and damaged another M46 Patton tank during its fight from 6 to 8 July 1953. It also destroyed 26 bunkers,9 artillery pieces, and a truck. That tank is now preserved in the

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which were both immune to the 76mm gun of the T-34 when fired upon from the front. This meant that they could only be penetrated from the sides at ranges of a few hundred metres. Due to low anti-tank performance, the T-34 was upgraded to the T-34-85 model. This model, with its

4928: 2352:, which began on 12 July, though the vast majority of armour losses on both sides were caused by artillery and mines, rather than tanks. Over 6,000 fully tracked armoured vehicles, 4,000 combat aircraft, and 2 million men are believed to have participated in these battles. 1098:

in 1942, the situation there grew desperate: manufacturing innovations were necessitated by material shortages, and stories persist of unpainted T-34 tanks driven out of the factory directly to the battlefields around it. Stalingrad kept up production until September 1942.

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in 1991. Following an official protest from the Russian government, the arrest of Černý, a coat of official green paint, public demonstrations, and a further coat of pink paint applied by fifteen parliamentary deputies, the tank was finally removed to a military museum.

3029:, but the tank crews did not cross the border and refrained from intervening in a series of renewed clashes later that year. Between 1990 and 1991, SWAPO ordered the PLAN tanks in Angola repatriated to Namibia at its own expense. Four later entered service with the new 2459:. Forty T-34-85 tanks commanded by Colonel N. Zhukov were attacked by the 424th Heavy Panzer battalion, which had been reinforced by 13 Panthers. The Germans permanently lost five Tiger IIs, seven Tiger Is and five Panthers for the loss of four T-34-85 tanks burnt out. 1616:

due to the inadequate anti-tank performance of previous German tank designs against the T-34. The upgunned Panzer IV posed a serious threat to the T-34-76, being able to penetrate the frontal turret of a T-34-76 at a range of 1,200 m (3,900 ft) at any angle.

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collections of most significant military museums, and hundreds more serve as war memorials. Many are in private ownership, and demilitarised working tanks change hands for U.S. $ 20,000–40,000. Some still may serve in a second-line capacity in a number of

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in Stalingrad continued to work double shifts throughout the period of withdrawal (September 1941 to September 1942) to make up for production lost, and produced 40% of all T-34s during the period. As the factory became surrounded by heavy fighting in the

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tanks, the KPA began to suffer more T-34 tank losses in combat from enemy armour, aside from further losses due to numerous US/UN airstrikes and increasingly-effective anti-tank firepower for US/UN infantry on the ground, such as the then-new 3.5-inch

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If you fired it after that, the barrel would open up at the end like the petals of a flower", destroying the barrel. Standard practice when moving the T-34-85 cross-country in non-combat situations was to fully elevate the gun, or reverse the turret.

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armies-in-exile, and these started to receive the T-34 Model 1943 with a hexagonal turret. Like the Soviet forces themselves, the Polish and Czechoslovak tank crews were sent into action quickly with little training, and suffered high casualties.

4406:: Produced from 1944 to 1945, with an electrically powered turret traverse motor, an enlarged commander's cupola with a one-piece hatch, and the TDP smoke system with electrically detonated MDSh canisters. Most produced variant of the T-34-85. 1723:

The Germans also noted that the T-34 was very slow to find and engage targets, while their own tanks could typically get off three rounds for every one fired by the T-34. As the war progressed the Germans created heavier tank designs like the

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The caterpillars used to break apart even without a bullet or shell hits. When earth got stuck between the road wheels, the caterpillar, especially during a turn – strained to such an extent that the pins and tracks themselves couldn't hold

759:. Poor-quality welds in the Soviet armour plates left small gaps between them, and flaming petrol from the Molotov cocktails easily seeped into the fighting and engine compartment; portions of the armour plating that had been assembled with 1714:) were rather crude, especially compared to those of their German adversaries, affecting accuracy and the ability to engage at long ranges. As a result of the T-34's two-man turret, weak optics and poor vision devices, the Germans noted: 2429:

Interior of a T-34-85 viewed from the driver's hatch, showing the ammunition boxes on which the loader had to stand in the absence of a turret basket. In the foreground is the driver's seat. Levers for radiator flaps can be seen on the

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The weakness of mechanized corps lay not in the design of their equipment, but rather in its poor mechanical state, the inadequate training of their crews, and the abysmal quality of Soviet military leadership in the first month of the

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the device regulating the speed of the rotation burns out, and the teeth of the cogwheels break into pieces. They recommend replacing it with a hydraulic or simply manual system. Due to not having a turret basket the crew was [

4141:. Protesters managed to start an unarmed T-34 tank which was part of a memorial exhibit, and used it in riots against police forces. The tank drove a few hundred metres, then stopped in front of the police, causing no personal injury. 2435:

Factory No. 112. The improved T-34-85 became the standard Soviet medium tank, with an uninterrupted production run until the end of the war. A T-34-85 initially cost about 30 percent more to produce than a Model 1943, at 164,000

3132:; it had a lower profile than the T-34-85 and was simpler to manufacture. Between 150 and 200 of these tanks were built before the end of the war. With substantial drivetrain changes, a new turret, and 100 mm gun, it became the 3017:

with a request for ten T-34 tanks, which were delivered. PLAN T-34s were never deployed during offensive operations against the South African military, being confined to the role of protecting strategic bases inside northern Angola.

4920: 3025:, where their crews received training from Cuban instructors. In March 1989, the PLAN tanks were mobilised and moved south towards the Namibian border. South Africa accused PLAN of planning a major offensive to influence Namibia's 2131:("tank door knocker") because the PaK 36 crew simply revealed their presence and wasted their shells without damaging the T-34's armour. Anti-tank gunners began aiming at tank tracks, or vulnerable margins on the turret ring and 1822:("stuffed bun") because of its characteristic shape, it was heavy and hard to open. The complaints of the crews urged the design group led by Alexander Morozov to switch in August 1942 to using two hatches in the turret. 584:

the T-34 quicker and cheaper to produce. The Soviets ultimately built over 80,000 T-34s of all variants, allowing steadily greater numbers to be fielded despite the loss of tens of thousands in combat against the German

1157:

At the start of the German-Soviet war, T-34s comprised about four percent of the Soviet tank arsenal, but by the end it made up at least 55% of tank production (based on figures from; Zheltov lists even larger numbers

1888:

lightness of their construction. They can easily be damaged by small-caliber and mortar rounds. The pins are extremely poorly tempered and made of poor steel. As a result, they quickly wear and the track often breaks.

7879: 2443:

the cost of a T-34 tank had almost halved, from 270,000 Rbls in 1941, while its top speed remained about the same, and its main gun's armour penetration and turret frontal armour thickness both nearly doubled.

1816:. German commanders liked to fight "heads-up", with their seat raised and having a full field of view – in the T-34 this was impossible. Soviet veterans condemned the turret hatches of the early models. Nicknamed 1719:

capable of engaging three separate targets but would tend to focus on a single target selected by the platoon leader. As a result, T-34 platoons lost the greater firepower of three independently operating tanks.

1837:] could be injured by getting caught in the drive mechanism, this could leave them out of combat for a while, the lack of a turret basket also caused general discomfort to the crew, having to manually turn. 1203:

mobility and ease of manufacture and maintenance, sacrificing some performance for these goals. Both chassis were used as the foundation for a variety of support vehicles, such as armour recovery vehicles,

2285:

guns also arrived, which could easily defeat a T-34 at very long ranges, though their size and general unwieldiness meant that they were often difficult to move into position in the rough Soviet terrain.

1654:

could penetrate the T-34 at most angles from 800 yd (730 m). The maximum range at which the tanks could penetrate the T-34 could not be determined due to a lack of data at higher combat ranges.

7930: 3047:. The Finnish tanks were captured directly from the Soviets or purchased from Germany's captured stocks. Many of the Т-34-85s were enhanced with Finnish or Western equipment, such as improved optics. 1534:

design made the tank better protected than the armour thickness alone would indicate. The shape also saved weight by reducing the thickness required to achieve equal protection. A few tanks also had

4586:

Other significant surviving T-34s include a Model 1941 at the Aberdeen Proving Ground (intersection of Deer Creek Loop and Target Loop) in Maryland, one of the oldest surviving vehicles. The French

8426: 4070:, was the focus of significant controversy. The monument (known locally as 'Saint Tank') was intended to represent Lt I.G. Goncharenko's T-34-85 (the first Soviet tank to enter Prague during the 2931:

with an unknown number destroyed or knocked out during the battle. In 1975, many T-34-85s were also donated by the USSR to the FAR to support its lengthy intervention in the Angolan Civil War.

1901:"create an inhuman harshness for the driver". A lack of properly installed and shielded radios – if they existed at all – restricted their operational range to under 16 km (9.9 mi). 1792:

32 T-34, was ordered to proceed by road to Tolstoye Rogi, a journey of approximately 80 kilometers. Of the 32 tanks, no less than 19 got stuck in the mud or suffered mechanical breakdowns.

888:

Production of this first T-34 series – the Model 1940 – totalled only about 400, before production was switched to the Model 1941, with the F-34 gun, 9-RS radio set (also installed on the

8036: 3041:

The Soviet and Finnish armies used T-34s until the 1960s; the former included the 76.2 mm-armed versions until at least 1968, when they were used in filming the sequel to the movie

912:(formerly the Putilov works) made the original L-11 gun, and the Dinamo Factory in Moscow produced electrical components. Tanks were initially built at Plant N.183, in early 1941 at the 4762:

Due to a shortage of new Model V-2-34 diesel engines and a need to produce as many T-34s as possible, the initial production run from the Gorky factory were equipped with the BT tank's

1694:

shells, it could pierce 92 mm (3.6 in) at 500 m (1,600 ft) and 60 mm (2.4 in) of armour at 1,000 m (3,300 ft) The best German tanks of 1941, the

2748:(VRS). Most of these tanks were in poor condition at the beginning of the conflict and some were soon rendered unserviceable, likely through inadequate maintenance and lack of spares. 1604:

As the war went on, the T-34 gradually lost some of its initial advantages. The Germans responded to the T-34 by fielding large numbers of improved anti-tank weapons such as the towed

2483:

as possible and T-34s were not an exception. Large numbers of T-34s were captured in fighting on the Eastern Front though few were T-34-85s. These were designated by the Germans as

2962:

Castro's request appeared to have been granted, as Cuban tank battalions were able to deploy substantial numbers of T-54Bs, T-55s, and T-62s; the T-34-85 was no longer in service.

2039:

On 29 January 1945, the State Defense Committee approved a decree that extended the service life guarantee of the T-34's V-2-34 engine from 200 hours to 250 hours. A report by the

2539:

forces, engineering, and communications. Japanese forces were overwhelmed, though some put up resistance. The Japanese emperor transmitted a surrender order on 14 August, but the

5010: 2455:

On 12 January 1945, a column of Tiger IIs and other tanks from 424th Heavy Panzer Battalion were involved in a short-range engagement with T-34-85 tanks near the village of

2380:

were encountered in combat in 1942, a project to design an entirely new Soviet tank was begun, with the goals of increasing armour protection while adding modern features like a

1592:

crew reported firing 23 times against a single T-34 tank, only managing to jam the tank’s turret ring." Similarly, a German report of May 1942 noted the ineffectiveness of their

1211:, though each of these three tanks had particular advantages and weaknesses compared with the other two. Neither the T-34 nor the M4 was a match for Germany's heavier tanks, the 9051: 10984: 2305:

in December 1942. The Sixth Army was surrounded, and eventually surrendered in February 1943, a campaign widely regarded as the turning point of the war on the Eastern Front.

1690:

gun, fitted on the vast majority of T-34s produced through to the beginning of 1944, was able to penetrate any early German tank's armour at normal combat ranges. When firing

1124:

supplies led to the adoption of all-steel, internally sprung road wheels, and a new clutch was added to an improved five-speed transmission and engine, improving reliability.

1841:

Most of the problems created by the cramped T-34/76 turret, known before the war, were corrected with the provision of a bigger cast three-man turret on the T-34-85 in 1944.

2092:

proved a psychological shock to German soldiers, who had expected to face an inferior enemy. The T-34 was superior to any tank the Germans then had in service. The diary of

7886: 1628:

could penetrate the turret of a T-34-85 from the front at ranges up to 2000 m, the mantlet at 1200 m, and the frontal hull armour at 300 m. According to the

7178: 1066:, renamed Stalin Ural Tank Factory N.183. The Kirovsky Factory, evacuated just weeks before the Germans surrounded Leningrad, moved with the Kharkiv Diesel Factory to the 755:, the Red Army's T-26 and BT tanks used petrol engines which, while common in tank designs of the time, often burst into flames when hit by IJA tank-killer teams using 615:, that form the armoured core of many modern armies. T-34 variants were widely exported after World War II, and as recently as 2023 more than 80 were still in service. 4848: 2340:, their last major offensive on the Eastern Front in the Second World War. It was the debut of the German Panther tank, although the numbers employed at the resulting 4583:

of the bog preserved the tank and ensured there were no signs of oil leakage, rust, or other significant water damage. The engine was restored to full working order.

1560:

In addition, close examination of the T-34 at the Aberdeen Testing Ground showed that a variety of alloys were used in different portions of the armour on the T-34. "

10783: 1078:("Tank City"). The workers and machinery from Leningrad's Voroshilov Tank Factory N.174 were incorporated into the Ural Factory and the new Omsk Factory N.174. The 8125: 845:

Resistance from the military command and concerns about high production cost were finally overcome by anxieties about the poor performance of Soviet tanks in the

11688: 2763:, Bosnia, injuring six British peacekeepers, with at least one of them sustaining a permanent disability. A number of T-34s being stored by the VRS at a base in 2084:, its invasion of the Soviet Union, on 22 June 1941. At the start of hostilities, the Red Army had 967 T-34 tanks and 508 KV tanks concentrated in five of their 7523: 2035:

In the Russian tank it is very difficult to steer the vehicle or a unit and shoot simultaneously. Coordinating fire within a company is only partially possible.

7960: 10979: 6371: 2676: 2632: 4043:(then known as Karl-Marx-Stadt) became the target of a 1980 bomb-attack that inflicted minor damage on the vehicle and blew out nearby windows. The bomber, 2487:. From late 1941, captured T-34s were transported to a German workshop for repairs and modification to German requirements. In 1943 a local tank factory in 10834: 7550: 6853: 4612: 2814:

The Syrian Army also received T-34-85s from the Soviet Union and they took part in the many artillery duels with Israeli tanks in November 1964 and in the

4287:– this nomenclature has been widely used in the West, especially in popular literature. When the German Wehrmacht used captured T-34s, it designated them 10569: 6782: 2683: 8445: 2531:

Just after midnight on 9 August 1945, though the terrain was believed by the Japanese to be impassable by armoured formations, the Soviet Union invaded

11652: 10589: 2863: 2043:

in February 1945 revealed that the average engine service life of a T-34 was lower than the official warranty at 185–190 hours. For comparison, the US

1800:

The original 76mm armed T-34 suffered from the unsatisfactory ergonomic layout of its crew compartment compared to the later 85mm variant. The two-man

1632:(the Panther tank manual for its crew), the T-34's glacis could be penetrated from 800 m and the mantlet from 1500 m at 30° sideward angle. 9822:

Zheltov, I.; Pavlov, M.; Pavlov, I. (1999), "Tanki BT. chast 3. Kolyosno-gusenychny tank BT-7" [BT Tanks, part 3: BT-7 wheeled/tracked tank],

2890:

After the formation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, the Soviet Union sent many T-34-85s to the PRC's People's Liberation Army (PLA).

2724:

possessed 250 T-34-85s, none of which were in active service. During the breakup of Yugoslavia, the T-34-85s were inherited by the national armies of

2597:

light tank. However, following the introduction of heavier and more capable armour into the war by US and UN forces, such as the American M4 Sherman,

2115:

Initially, the Wehrmacht had great difficulty destroying T-34s in combat, as standard German anti-tank weaponry proved ineffective against its heavy,

1893:

the engine from operating at full capacity. At the time of the Aberdeen testing, the alleged air filter issue was already remedied by the addition of

10954: 8510: 5879: 2652: 2491:

was used for this purpose. These were sometimes modified to German standards by the installation of a German commander's cupola and radio equipment.

853:. The first production T-34s were completed in September 1940, completely replacing the production of the T-26, the BT series and the multi-turreted 4379:(German designation: T-34/85) was a major improvement with an 85 mm gun in a three-man turret. All T-34-85 models are externally very similar. 1514:

Dimensions, road speed and engine horsepower of the various models did not vary significantly, except for the T-43, which was slower than the T-34.

10538: 10413: 4590:

at Saumur holds two T-34s, including one in full working condition that is displayed in action at its summer "Carrousel" live tank exhibition. The

2891: 5556: 1999:

In 1944 June, a report written by the 2. Panzerjäger-Abteilung Company 128 (23. PzDiv.) described experiences acquired during operations with its

11693: 10819: 8971: 8852: 6070: 4044: 1161:

Following the end of the war, a further 2,701 T-34s were built prior to the end of Soviet production. Under licence, production was restarted in

5726:"Original Report: Отчет ЦНИИ-48 "Изучение пробивного действия немецких трофейных снарядов по броне наших танков и разработка мер борьбы с ними"" 1805:

noted the T-34 was very slow to find and engage targets while the Panzers could typically get off three rounds for every one fired by the T-34.

8028: 6986: 2919:

Cuba received 150 T-34-85 tanks as military aid from the Soviet Union in 1960. The T-34-85 was the first Soviet tank to enter service with the

200: 10117: 6431: 10882: 9877: 9363: 9333: 7981: 4367:(T-34/76D, E, and F): Introduced May 1942 (not 1943). More ammunition and fuel, very minor armour increase. New hexagonal turret, nicknamed " 1879:

The USSR donated two combat-used Model 1941 T-34s to the United States for testing purposes in late 1942. The examinations, performed at the

1553:

The USSR donated two combat-used Model 1941 T-34s to the United States for testing purposes in late 1942. The examinations, performed at the

10760: 8328: 5935: 2061: 881:. No bureaucrat would approve production of the new gun, but Gorky and KhPZ started producing it anyway; official permission came from the 7610: 2627:

tanks were fielded, primarily dispersed amongst their infantry, thus making armoured engagements with US and UN forces rare from then on.

2297:

The T-34 was essential in resisting the German summer offensive in 1942, and executing the double encirclement manoeuvre that cut off the

8062: 6899: 7012: 5303: 4371:" by the Germans because of its appearance with the twin, round turret-roof hatches open. Later production had a new commander's cupola. 9265:

Weapons of the Third Reich: An Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939–1945

5002: 9043: 8767: 7131: 764:

failed to disable the tank or kill the crew on their own, would cause the rivets to break off and become projectiles inside the tank.

11683: 10684: 5674: 478: 8732: 6364:"Erfahrungsbericht über Instandsetzung und Einsatz russischer Panzerkampfwagen vom Typ T-43 und SU-85 (Pz.Jäg.Abt. 128, 02.06.1944)" 5784: 4424:(also called T-34-85M): Another refurbishing program introducing night driving equipment, additional fuel, and other modernizations. 2957:

Over a hundred Cuban T-34-85s and their respective crews remained in Angola as of the mid 1980s. In September 1986, Cuban president

11267: 10712: 10160: 6025: 5652: 4446:

ATO-41 (ATO-42 later) replacing the hull machine-gun. 1170 OT-34-76 (mostly based on 1942/43 versions) and 331 OT-34-85 were built.

4232:

The Red Army never had a consistent policy for naming the T-34. Since at least the 1980s, however, many academic sources (notably,

3934: 1707: 8995: 6401: 2690:

forces on 9 June 1975. The appearance of FAPLA and Cuban tanks prompted South Africa to reinforce UNITA with a single squadron of

2593:

initially used by the US troops in South Korea were useless against the KPA's T-34 tanks, as were the 75 mm main guns of the

599:

service, it was the most-produced tank of the war, as well as the second most-produced tank of all time (after its successor, the

10849: 10839: 10500: 5675:"Original Report: БОЕВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ 10-й ТАНКОВОЙ ДИВИЗИИ НА ФРОНТЕ БОРЬБЫ С ГЕРМАНСКИМ ФАШИЗМОМ ЗА ПЕРИОД С 22.6 ПО 1.8.41 г." 4520: 1711: 908:

Subassemblies for the T-34 originated at several plants: Kharkiv Diesel Factory N.75 supplied the model V-2-34 engine, Leningrad

8425:

Moșneagu, Marian; Boțoghină, Iulian-Stelian; Manolescu, Mariana-Daniela; Stoica, Leontin-Vasile; Șoitariu, Mihai-Cosmin (2012).

5604: 3083:. A small number are currently being used as trainers. The rest are in storage and no longer serve as active duty battle tanks. 2467: 1867:

The T-34 gearbox had four forward and one reverse gear, replaced by a five-speed box on the last of the 1943 model of the T-34.

10594: 10208: 6199:

Korsun Pocket The Encirclement and Breakout of a German Army in the East, 1944 by Zetterling, Niklas Frankson, Anders page 180.

3169: 3010: 2408:

Rear view of a T-34-85 from Factory 174. In the center is a circular transmission access hatch, flanked by exhaust pipes, MDSh

869:

supply – the rest of the tank crews in each company signalled with flags. The L-11 gun did not live up to expectations, so the

9922: 9900: 9793: 9774: 9575: 9461: 9323: 9308: 8617: 8439: 8231: 7860: 7835: 7805: 7774: 7691: 7666: 7641: 7504: 7474: 7449: 7424: 7399: 7374: 7343: 7310: 6777:[V. Zamulin: "About 1,000 tanks and self-propelled guns participated in the battle near Prokhorovka on both sides"]. 6570: 6545: 6520: 5843: 5709: 5361: 5297: 4973: 3026: 2978: 2618:(replacing the earlier 2.36-inch model). By the time the NKPA were forced to withdraw from the south, about 239 T-34s and 74 1858:

marched 500 km towards Dubno, the corps lost half of its vehicles. A.V. Bodnar, who was in combat in 1941–42, recalled:

789:

to formulate his ideas about the new tank, and to commemorate that year's decree expanding the armoured force and appointing

8559: 8403: 7743: 4845: 4536:

militaries, while others may find use in a civilian capacity, primarily in film-making. In many World War II films, such as

11022: 10531: 10406: 10063: 4579:. The tank had been captured and used by retreating German troops, who dumped it in the swamp when it ran out of fuel. The 2741: 9107: 603:

series). With 44,900 lost during the war, it also suffered the most tank losses ever. Its development led directly to the

2687: 1883:, highlighted these early faults, which were in turn acknowledged in a 1942 Soviet report on the results of the testing: 565:, and had a long-lasting impact on tank design. The tank was praised by multiple German generals when encountered during 185: 9538: 9073: 8115: 7540: 4783:

The name of the T-34's engine (V-2; B-2 in Russian) is a model name, and has nothing to do with its number of cylinders.

2014:

impossible to maneuver the vehicle. Once it has cooled down, the clutch should be cleaned with copious amounts of fuel.

11703: 11469: 9881: 9735: 9444: 9253: 9165: 9145: 9022: 7581: 6650: 6626: 2398: 1734: 2066: 11539: 10875: 10126: 10046: 10009: 9998: 9961: 9863: 9844: 9812: 9755: 9715: 9696: 9677: 9658: 9639: 9617: 9512: 9501: 9481: 9429: 9402: 9375: 9345: 9291: 9272: 9234: 9212: 9192: 8479: 8397: 7716: 7520: 6817: 6495: 6242: 4607: 4499: 4200: 3741: 3697: 2249: 709:. It also had an 8×6-wheel convertible drive similar to the BT tank's 8×2, which allowed it to run on wheels without 8942: 10753: 5987: 4750: 2920: 2835: 2536: 2325: 1812:

and the lack of a turret cupola forced him to observe the battlefield through a single vision slit and traversable

1146:

In 1943, T-34 production had reached an average of 1,300 per month; this was the equivalent of three full-strength

917: 8511:"Handbook of Major Foreign Weapons Systems Exported to the Third World: 1981–86 Volume II Ground Forces Equipment" 7952: 3267:: 250 reported in 2016; 30 reported operational by IISS in 2014. Unknown number in 2023, possibly non-serviceable. 3009:(SWAPO) made a concerted attempt to establish its own conventional armoured battalion through its armed wing, the 2348:, and Panzer IV. The campaign featured the largest tank battles in history. The high-water mark of the battle was 2150: 2010:

absolutely necessary to make a stop every half hour for a minimum duration of between fifteen and twenty minutes.

1646:

Analysis of destroyed T-34 tanks in the Korean War found that the 76 and 90 mm armour-piercing rounds of the

10524: 10399: 6363: 5725: 2309: 2179: 2085: 862: 861:(exacerbated by the drive from Kharkiv to Moscow) at the end of that month, and the T-34's drivetrain developer, 6861: 9318:

International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2010). The Military Balance 2010 (Report). London: IISS.

8488: 7052: 4182: 4009: 2231: 1207:, and self-propelled artillery. Both were an approximately even match for the standard German medium tank, the 1162: 706: 6774: 2974: 643:

of fast tanks. The T-26 was slow-moving, designed to keep pace with infantry on the ground. The BT tanks were

137: 11529: 10989: 10677: 8657: 4063: 3781: 2679:

personnel in their operation; other FAPLA drivers and gunners accompanied Cuban crews in an apprentice role.

1691: 471: 8789: 11698: 10868: 10153: 10111: 4515: 4138: 3076: 2839: 2672: 2526: 2105: 1229: 882: 651:. Both were Soviet developments of foreign designs from the early 1930s: the T-26 was based on the British 562: 157: 109: 105: 8521: 7197: 5868: 1147: 11642: 10793: 10746: 8517: 3060: 2879: 2711:

A Bosnian Serb Army T-34-85, with rubber matting added in an attempt to hide its thermal signature, near

2278:

anti-tank guns, which were capable of penetrating the T-34's armour at long range. Larger numbers of the

4740:

450 km (280 mi) and 260 km (160 mi) for the T-34 Model 43 with additional fuel tanks

1783:

of 500 hp (370 kW), giving a top speed of 53 km/h (33 mph). It used the coil-spring

11594: 11330: 11117: 10928: 10201: 5562: 4701: 4229:

damaged tanks were rebuilt, sometimes with the addition of newer-model equipment and even new turrets.

4119: 4107: 3014: 2986: 2555: 913: 141: 9413: 8849: 6062: 2767:

were temporarily confiscated by UNPROFOR as part of a local disarmament programme the following year.

11604: 11599: 11282: 11272: 10172: 9605: 9184: 4233: 2721: 1090: 1067: 878: 797:

January 1940. In April and May, they underwent a grueling 2,000-kilometre (1,200 mi) drive from

629: 525: 10138: 9883:

Reports of General MacArthur - Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area Volume II - Part II

8477:[Contributions to the history of the Romanian army's weaponry endowment from 1944 to 1959]. 6983: 5053:

Yaziv, D.; Chocron, S.; Anderson, Jr., C.E.; Grosch, D.J. "Oblique Penetration in Ceramic Targets".

2170:

Other key factors diminishing the initial impact of T-34s on the battlefield were the poor state of

1870:

The tracks of early models were the most frequently repaired part. A.V. Maryevski later remembered:

11137: 11015: 10670: 10032: 9133: 6423: 4767: 4544: 4134: 4078:

heavy tank. To many in Prague, the tank was also a reminder of the Soviet invasion which ended the

3965: 3789: 3100: 3096: 2807: 2745: 2418: 2313: 1522: 1151: 717:: its all-round sloped armour plates were more likely to deflect rounds than perpendicular armour. 464: 9924:

Leavenworth Papers No. 8 - August Storm: Soviet Tactical and Operational Combat in Manchuria, 1945

8963: 6619:

Ghost Division: The 11th "Gespenster" Panzer Division and the German Armored Force in World War II

2663:

One of the last modern conflicts which saw the extensive combat deployment of the T-34-85 was the

1749:

2–3 km (1.2–1.9 mi), but the effective range was only up to 1,900 m (1.2 mi).

11609: 11423: 11152: 11142: 10505: 10439: 10375: 10146: 7659:

Visions of Freedom: Havana, Washington, Pretoria, and the Struggle for Southern Africa, 1976–1991

7497:

United States Cavalry Peacekeepers in Bosnia: An Inside Account of Operation Joint Endeavor, 1996

4475: 4326:(German designation: T-34/76) was the original tank with a 76.2 mm gun in a two-man turret. 4303:, because the side silhouette of the tank resembled a swimming waterfowl. The T-34-85 was called 4171: 4091: 2582: 2267: 2220: 2140: 2136: 2089: 1880: 1554: 1054:'s rapid advances forced the evacuation and relocation of Soviet tank factories eastwards to the 725: 10788: 9598: 8336: 7797: 7791: 5931: 2740:. Some were also acquired from Yugoslav reserve stocks by Serbian separatist armies, namely the 2456: 11519: 11082: 9570:(in Polish). Translated by Tomasz Lisiecki (1 ed.). Poznań, Poland: Dom Wydawniczy Rebis. 9474:

Russian Tanks, 1900–1970: The Complete Illustrated History of Soviet Armoured Theory and Design

7606: 7335: 4587: 4464: 3381: 3125: 3043: 2970: 2563: 2494:

The first captured T-34s entered German service during the summer of 1941. In order to prevent

1108: 737: 376: 10090: 9224: 7923:"[ẢNH] "Ông lão" T-34-85 Việt Nam chiến đấu anh dũng trong Chiến tranh biên giới 1979" 7366: 7360: 6896:"T-34/85 – Medium Tank – History, Specs and Pictures – Military Tanks, Vehicles and Artillery" 6895: 2934:

A platoon of five Cuban T-34-85s saw combat in Angola against South African troops during the

11031: 10194: 10037: 7008: 5287: 4815: 4591: 4580: 4502:(1941, 10 tanks) or the ZIS-4M (1943/44, 4 tanks) high-velocity 57 mm gun to be used as 4334: 4272: 4178: 3190: 3072: 3064: 2855: 2802: 2733: 2349: 2227: 1086:

absorbed workers and machines from several small machine shops in the path of German forces.

900: 721: 169: 125: 10072: 9930:. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute 9908:. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute 7327: 2551: 11554: 11509: 10102: 8759: 7127: 3784:: 935 T-34-85s received from the USSR and Czechoslovakia from 1949 to 1957. They had faced 2928: 2302: 2298: 2183: 2081: 2040: 1851: 1612:

anti-tank guns usually proved lethal. In 1942 the German Panzer IVs were refitted with the

1095: 1047: 874: 566: 165: 121: 20: 5678: 3793: 3013:(PLAN). As part of this effort, SWAPO diplomatic representatives in Europe approached the 2345: 8: 11663: 11659: 11479: 11474: 11008: 10068: 9954:

World Encyclopedia of the Tank: An International History of the Armoured Fighting Machine

9902:

Leavenworth Papers No. 7 - August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria

8736: 8586: 8434:(in Romanian). Pitești, Romania: Editura Universității de Stat din Pitești. p. 261. 7684:

Bush War: The Road to Cuito Cuanavale : Soviet Soldiers' Accounts of the Angolan War

7179:"Soviet Tanks in Manchuria 1945: The Red Army's ruthless last blitzkrieg of World War II" 5788: 4538: 4524: 4412:: Production model with the improved V-2-34M engine, new wheels, and other minor details. 4103: 3906: 3080: 2942:

armoured personnel carriers. In May 1978, South Africa launched a major airborne raid on

2506:

were painted on the tanks, including on top of the turret, in order to prevent attack by

1894: 1784: 1116: 790: 413: 161: 145: 10803: 10798: 6821: 6775:"В. Замулин: «В бою под Прохоровкой с обеих сторон участвовало около 1000 танков и САУ»" 6017: 5648: 3124:. The new tank had a turret design based on the T-34-85's, but featured a new hull with 11062: 10860: 10339: 8992: 6393: 6167: 6129: 5869:"Air Intelligence Loan Document : Engineering Analysis of the Russian T34/85 Tank" 5526: 4397: 4052: 4021: 3763: 2938:. The tanks were based along with a company of Cuban mechanized infantry equipped with 2935: 2729: 2511: 1762: 1647: 1385:(110–141 imp gal; 132–170 US gal) 642 L with additional fuel tanks 1380:(122–206 imp gal; 147–247 US gal) 935 L with additional fuel tanks 1373:(100–170 imp gal; 120–210 US gal) 790 L with additional fuel tanks 1368:(100–130 imp gal; 120–160 US gal) 610 L with additional fuel tanks 1089:

While these factories were being rapidly moved, the industrial complex surrounding the

854: 656: 10564: 9872: 7203: 5611: 4400:, radio moved from the hull into a turret with improved layout and new gunner's sight. 3120:

In 1944, pre-war development of a more advanced T-34 tank was resumed, leading to the

2826:

T-34-85s equipped many of the armies of Eastern European countries (later forming the

2425: 2274:

As the invasion progressed, German infantry began receiving increasing numbers of the

1808:

Early in the war, the commander fought at a further disadvantage; the forward-opening

1538:

of varying thickness welded onto the hull and turret. Tanks thus modified were called

1535: 11340: 10769: 10042: 10020: 9994: 9957: 9873: 9859: 9840: 9808: 9789: 9770: 9751: 9731: 9711: 9692: 9673: 9654: 9635: 9613: 9594: 9571: 9497: 9477: 9457: 9440: 9425: 9398: 9381: 9371: 9351: 9341: 9319: 9304: 9287: 9284:

Accounting for War: Soviet Production, Employment, and the Defence Burden, 1940–1945.

9268: 9249: 9230: 9208: 9188: 9161: 9141: 8613: 8590: 8435: 8393: 8227: 7856: 7831: 7801: 7770: 7712: 7687: 7662: 7637: 7577: 7500: 7470: 7445: 7420: 7395: 7370: 7339: 7328: 7306: 7048: 6646: 6622: 6566: 6541: 6516: 6491: 6171: 6133: 5839: 5705: 5530: 5293: 4969: 4676: 4646: 4550: 4111: 4100: 4075: 3785: 3767: 3585: 3483: 3290: 3164: 3129: 2664: 2615: 2333: 1639:

report estimated that with the T-34 angled 30 degrees sidewards and APCBC round, the

710: 698: 558: 149: 8585:. Area Handbook Series (Second ed.). Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army, 5558:

Evaluation of The T-34 and KV Tanks By Engineers of the Aberdeen Proving Grounds USA

4571:

In 2000, a T-34 Model 1943 was recovered that had spent 56 years at the bottom of a

4000: 11579: 11514: 11459: 10923: 10574: 10349: 9077: 6159: 6121: 5518: 4418:: A refurbishing program introduced a new V-2-3411 engine and other modernizations. 4300: 4252:. Some Russian historians use different names: they refer to the first T-34 as the 4248:

for models armed with 85 mm guns, with minor models distinguished by year, as

4222: 4096: 4083: 4071: 3766:: 2 captured by 1 November 1942, 4 more captured in March 1944. It was proposed to 3569: 3068: 2911: 2883: 2586: 2570: 2417:

prototype T-43's turret design was hurriedly adopted by Vyacheslav Kerichev at the

2385: 2369: 2291: 2175: 1897:

on the Model 1943, and even more efficient "Multi-Cyclone" filters on the T-34-85.

1855: 1773: 1766: 1543: 1251: 1139:

Over two years, the unit production cost of the T-34 was reduced from 269,500

909: 850: 756: 682: 648: 580: 520: 386: 181: 11175: 9975:. Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army. 9706:

Zaloga, Steven J.; Kinnear, Jim; Aksenov, Andrey; Koshchavtsev, Aleksandr (1997).

3796:

mobile cranes (both models based on the T-34-85 chassis) were acquired in 1955–58.

2985:

on 15 July 1974. They also saw extensive action against Turkish forces during the

2707: 1120:

plates welded in (roof etc.), this turret was actually faster to produce. Limited

885:

only after troops praised the weapon's performance in combat against the Germans.

11549: 11484: 11310: 11252: 11247: 11215: 10559: 9026: 8999: 8856: 8547: 8387: 7735: 7527: 6990: 6163: 6125: 5554: 5522: 4852: 4714: 4503: 4218: 4123: 2792: 2756: 2341: 1220: 1135:, Poland. The model 1942's hexagonal turret distinguishes it from earlier models. 921: 810: 781: 678: 11000: 8475:"Contribuții la istoria dotării cu armament a armatei române între 1944 și 1959" 7330:

The Cuban Intervention in Angola, 1965–1991: From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale

1195:

T-34-85, with a larger 85 mm gun intended to deal with newer German tanks.

11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11544: 11534: 11499: 11489: 11406: 11401: 11373: 11363: 11200: 10829: 10824: 10380: 10186: 9099: 8029:"The Tank That Helped Russia Defeat Nazi Germany Has Finally Retired (In Laos)" 4559: 4387: 4348: 4315: 4051:, but was released after a deal with the West German government in 1987. After 3960: 3455: 2924: 2796: 2624: 2610: 2585:(KPA) brigade equipped with about 120 Soviet-supplied T-34-85s spearheaded the 2559: 2109: 2018:

The weapons have good precision and reliability, although a slow rate of fire.

1700: 1608:

anti-tank gun, while hits from 88 mm-armed Tigers, anti-aircraft guns and

1204: 1166: 1059: 1055: 870: 806: 694: 570: 325: 133: 10019:. Vol. 108, no. 4. Fort Knox, KY: US Army Armor Center. p. 21. 9708:

Soviet Tanks in Combat 1941–45: The T-28, T-34, T-34-85, and T-44 Medium Tanks

8633: 7392:

Avontuur in Angola: Die verhaal van Suid-Afrika se soldate in Angola 1975–1976

11677: 11494: 11355: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11305: 11300: 11277: 10024: 9627: 9546: 9385: 9355: 8635:

Russia's Victory Day Parade Mocked For Featuring Only One Tank | Insider News

8594: 8120: 4695: 4689: 4640: 4352: 4237: 4150: 4079: 4005: 3985: 3222: 3030: 2737: 2540: 2495: 2436: 2377: 2279: 2275: 2262: 2187: 2120: 2116: 1780: 1687: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1531: 1140: 1083: 776: 752: 741: 714: 652: 636: 554: 500: 393: 361: 259: 221: 177: 173: 10114:, the world's only dedicated T-34 tank museum, located in the Moscow Region. 9750:. New Vanguard 102. illustrated by Hugh Johnson. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 9019: 8389:

Third Axis Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945

5729: 5588: 5364:", at the E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute. Retrieved 17 November 2008. 4594:, a privately owned T-34-85 named after the street in which it is sited (in 3969: 11619: 11614: 11524: 11504: 11335: 11292: 11242: 11222: 11147: 11132: 10933: 10918: 10391: 10217: 10176: 10169: 9563: 4763: 4664: 4443: 4368: 4115: 4020:, in both 2023 and 2024, a single T-34-85 appeared as the sole tank in the 3825: 3540: 3525: 2982: 2958: 2900: 2831: 2656: 2598: 2517:

After the end of World War II, East Germany continued to utilize the T-34.

2440: 2439:; by 1945 this had been reduced to 142,000 Rbls during the course of 2409: 2393:

significant slow-down in production. Consequently, the T-43 was cancelled.

2135:, rather than the bow and turret armour. The Germans were forced to deploy 1729: 1625: 1224: 1212: 1112: 1063: 1043: 644: 546: 97: 86: 63: 11170: 10084: 10078: 10038:

Panzer Battles: A Study of the Employment of Armor in the Second World War

9769:. New Vanguard 137. illustrated by Peter Bull. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 9672:. New Vanguard 9. illustrated by Peter Sarson. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 9520: 7922: 6815: 6246: 4670: 11383: 11227: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11162: 11087: 11077: 8934: 4618: 4564: 4533: 4457: 4396:: Produced from March 1944 through to the end of that year, with simpler 4036: 3920: 3311: 3250: 3056: 2851: 2827: 2815: 2788: 2784: 2594: 2507: 2499: 2389: 2381: 2144: 2132: 2093: 2001: 1658:

In late 1950 a T-34-85 tank was captured by the UN security force in the

1598: 1593: 1071: 542: 129: 117: 113: 53: 9010:

vol 3 no 1. English and Estonian language, retrieved on 3 February 2007.

5995: 5918:

Rommel's Panzers: Rommel and the Panzer Forces of the Blitzkrieg 1940–42

2388:, was intended to be a universal model to replace both the T-34 and the 11393: 11368: 11232: 11210: 11072: 11057: 11039: 10913: 10251: 10096: 9176: 4720: 4652: 4634: 4595: 4185: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4056: 4025: 3981: 3669: 3295: 2606: 2602: 2574: 2234: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2171: 2044: 1915:

Percentage of T-34 tanks reaching 330 kilometers during factory trials

1801: 1777: 1695: 1659: 1651: 1569: 1199: 846: 826: 780:(3 in) gun, and the same Model V-2-34 diesel. Both were tested in 702: 592: 390: 153: 101: 10132: 5858:

Operations Research Office. US Armor in the Antitank Role. Korea, 1950

5055:

Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Ballistics IBS 2001

3973: 2344:

were small and the brunt of the burden was carried by the Panzer III,

1757: 11443: 11378: 11237: 11127: 11107: 11102: 11067: 11047: 10738: 10318: 10313: 10303: 10261: 10256: 10168: 9367: 9337: 7011:["Tiger Armageddon" at Lisuwa] (in Russian). World of Tanks. 6655: 5561:, Main Intelligence Department of the Red Army (n.d.), archived from 4658: 3989: 3745: 3737: 2951: 2896: 2691: 2558:

knocked out this North Korean T-34-85 in September 1950 while US and

2532: 2472: 2404: 2124: 1813: 1679: 1636: 1561: 1208: 1051: 858: 841:

Pre-production prototype A-34 with a complex single-piece hull front.

733: 686: 608: 600: 585: 553:

was more powerful than many of its contemporaries, and its 60-degree

8474: 7767:

Special flights: the GDR and liberation movements in southern Africa

6243:"T-34 Medium Tank - ENGLISH.BATTLEFIELD.RU - ENGLISH.BATTLEFIELD.RU" 5586: 5267: 4256:

instead of 1940, all T-34s with the original turret and F-34 gun as

4160: 4118:

countries where it was also well received, surprisingly even in the

3732: 2209: 1132: 11464: 11433: 11345: 11122: 10903: 10693: 10106: 8349:

citing "Mussolini's tanks". Tank Power vol. XXIX. Militaria No 253)

7499:. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Publishers. pp. 35, 67. 7419:(1991 ed.). Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd. p. 156. 4682: 4338: 4333:(T-34/76A): Early, small production run (about 400 built) with the 4310: 4130: 4122:(East Germany). At the beginning of the 21st century reruns of the 4040: 3977: 3948: 3683: 3655: 3496: 3399: 2943: 2859: 2752: 2503: 2480: 2449: 2412:

canisters on the hull rear, and extra fuel tanks on the hull sides.

2074: 1818: 1809: 1741:

rounds or firing on the weaker sides of the Panther to destroy it.

1738: 1706:

The gun sights and range finding for the F-34 main gun (either the

1589: 1573: 1526:

Non-penetrating hits to the turret armour of an early variant T-34.

1186: 1079: 767: 681:

to lead a new team to design a replacement for the BT tanks at the

674: 596: 577: 550: 456: 9980:

Para, Carl (April 2002). "Military Heritage feature on the T-34".

9366:(2023). Hackett, James (ed.). The Military Balance 2023 (Report). 9336:(2014). Hackett, James (ed.). The Military Balance 2014 (Report). 7204:

MacArthur & United States Army Center of Military History 1994

7146: 6707: 6705: 4442:

Flame-thrower tanks: OT-34 and OT-34-85 had an internally mounted

4361:(T-34/76C): Thicker armour, many minor manufacturing improvements. 2862:

internal security forces. Some were also kept in service with the

2779:

Egyptian Army T-34-100 in the Yad la-Shiryon Museum, Israel. 2005.

2452:) 2,027. Production figures for the T-34-85 alone reached 22,559. 837: 662: 19:

This article is about the Soviet medium tank. For other uses, see

11624: 11454: 11428: 11092: 11052: 10959: 10949: 10727: 10474: 10469: 10277: 10135:

provides a fictionalized account of the cross country field test.

8797: 8224:

After The Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East

7545: 7442:

The Serbian Project and Its Adversaries: A Strategy of War Crimes

6751: 4626: 4576: 4555: 4261: 4048: 3811: 3725: 3614: 3554: 3510: 3367: 3339: 3325: 3278: 3236: 3144: 3063:

was equipped with many Soviet T-34-85 and these were used in the

2994: 2990: 2939: 2834:, Hungarian and Soviet T-34-85s served in the suppression of the 2775: 2764: 2725: 2590: 2488: 2104:-armament being unleashed against the German assault divisions". 1725: 1675: 1640: 1565: 1216: 1170: 1104: 814: 798: 785: 655:, and the BT tanks were based on a design from American engineer 640: 9705: 9585:

Wachowski, Tomasz (2004). "Nieznany T-34" (The Unknown T-34) in

9226:

The Soviet high command: a military-political history, 1918–1941

9044:"Russian Tank Recovered from the Lake After 50 Years Been There" 8424: 7661:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 369. 6970: 6803: 4275:

in World War II referred to the two main production families as

4213: 2874: 2577:. At least two penetrating hits can be seen on the tank's front. 2320: 11205: 10717: 10707: 10625: 10516: 10490: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10434: 7469:. Vancouver: Douglas & MacIntyre, Publishers. p. 128. 6702: 6467: 4802:

Yermolov A Tankovaya promysshlenost St Petersberg (2012) p. 188

4771: 4598:, London), is frequently repainted by artists and graffitists. 4487: 4471: 4099:

series of the 1960s, adapted the novel of the same name by the

4067: 4029: 4017: 3880: 3711: 3441: 3353: 3204: 3092: 3022: 2927:. Many T-34-85 tanks first saw action in April 1961 during the 2899:

main battle tanks from the Soviet Union and began to build the

2760: 2668: 1577: 1121: 889: 802: 697:, a 45 mm (1.77 in) gun, the production model used a 515: 510: 10985:

Soviet armored fighting vehicle production during World War II

9568:

22 czerwca 1941 czyli Jak zaczęła się Wielka Wojna ojczyźniana

8428:

Armata română și evoluția armei tancuri. Documente (1919–1945)

8092: 8003: 6150:

Kavalerchik, Boris (March 2015). "Once Again About the T-34".

6112:

Kavalerchik, Boris (March 2015). "Once Again About the T-34".

5509:

Kavalerchik, Boris (March 2015). "Once Again About the T-34".

5003:"America and Britain and a note on the Soviet Command Economy" 2162: 2070:

German training mockup of a T-34 built over a captured Polish

1670: 1624:

report estimated that, with the target angled 30° sideward, a

1143:

in 1941, to 193,000 Rbls, and then to 135,000 Rbls.

1127: 10908: 10844: 10651: 10635: 10615: 10599: 10584: 10579: 10495: 10449: 10444: 9437:

Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century.

8993:

Tanki T34-76 väljatõmbamine Kurtna järvest (WWII Trophy tank)

8386:

Axworthy, Mark; Scafeș, Cornel; Crăciunoiu, Cristian (1995).

7444:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 91–92. 5744: 4982: 4708: 4481: 3893: 3852: 3838: 3627: 3469: 3413: 3264: 3006: 2973:

forces equipped with some 35 T-34-85 tanks helped to support

2947: 2712: 2647: 2619: 2566: 2471:

Captured T-34 Model 1943 tanks pressed into service with the

2337: 1581: 1572:

steels were employed for the thinner rolled armour sections,

849:

in Finland, and the effectiveness of German tanks during the

818: 760: 729: 690: 505: 10662: 8612:(Second ed.). London: Palgrave-Macmillan. p. 683. 6284: 39: 11589: 11584: 11416: 11411: 11262: 11112: 11097: 10722: 10630: 10620: 10370: 10354: 10323: 10308: 10287: 10282: 10235: 10220: 7853:

Warfare by Other Means: South Africa in the 1980s and 1990s

7686:(2011 ed.). Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd. pp. 107–168. 5649:"Technical Report from the 10th Tank Division, August 1941" 4568:, barely modified T-34-85 tanks were used as German tanks. 4110:

volunteer. The series made T-34 tank number 102 an icon of

3866: 3641: 3600: 3427: 3385: 3208: 3133: 3121: 2097: 2096:

seems to express surprise at the appearance of the T-34 in

1260: 822: 666: 633: 612: 604: 446: 7742:. Windhoek, South West Africa (Namibia). 12 October 1984. 7045:

Captured Tanks Under the German Flag: Russian Battle Tanks

6040: 4433: 4095:("Four Tank-men and a Dog"), a very successful war-themed 2830:) and the armies of other Soviet client-states elsewhere. 2324:

Soviet T-34 tanks await orders to move forward during the

2112:

affirmed the T-34's "vast superiority" over German tanks.

693:

engine and was specified with 20 mm (0.8 in) of

9033:

web site. Russian language, retrieved on 3 February 2007.

7830:. Alberton: Lemur Books (Pty) Ltd. pp. 20, 89, 260. 6768: 6766: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5225: 4572: 4460:

tank, mostly built on T-34 Model 1943 or T-34-85 chassis.

4283:, with subvariants receiving letter designations such as 3253:: Estimated ~650; official number in service undisclosed. 2783:

Czechoslovak-produced T-34-85s were used by Egypt in the

2364: 2119:. In one of the first known encounters, a T-34 crushed a 2071: 2028: 1833: 1761:

The T-34's 12-cylinder Model V-2-34 diesel engine at the

1576:-Mo steels for the thicker rolled armour sections, Mn-Si- 10890: 10123:

Soviet manual covering the field repair of the T-34 Tank

9886:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History 9183:(softcover, two volumes in one ed.). Berkeley, CA: 9076:(in French). Musée des blindés de Saumur. Archived from 8385: 8226:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 112–124, 701. 8080: 7855:. Johannesburg: Galago Publishing Pty Ltd. p. 379. 7572:

Zaloga, Steven; Luczak, Wojciech; Beldam, Barry (1992).

7158: 6308: 6202: 2376:

After improved German Panzer IVs with the high-velocity

2182:; these factors were partially consequences of Stalin's 561:. The T-34 had a profound effect on the conflict on the 10097:

Panzerkampfwagen T-34(r): Soviet T-34 in German Service

9536: 9510: 9412:

Kharkov Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau (2006).

9246:

Russian Tanks of World War II – Stalin's Armoured Might

8548:"Briefing – The War in Angola: Forces and Organisation" 7530:" (judgment), 6 April 2000. Retrieved 17 November 2008. 5555:

Major-General of Tank Armies, Khlopov, 2nd Department,

5418: 5238: 2667:. In 1975, the Soviet Union shipped eighty T-34-85s to 1198:

Comparisons can be drawn between the T-34 and the U.S.

1046:

surprise invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 (

9435:

Krivosheev, Col.-Gen. G.F., and John Erickson (1997).

9156:

Chamberlain, Peter; Doyle, Hilary; Jentz, Tom (1978).

6763: 5587:

Defense Technical Information Center (16 April 1953).

5222: 4217:

Illustration of some selected T-34 variants including

10980:

List of armored fighting vehicles of the Soviet Union

9451: 9155: 8964:"1944 Uralvagonzavod T-34/85 (Customized as Tiger I)" 8694:

Honnigfort, Bernhard. "Der sich nicht fügen wollte."

7910: 7305:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books, Ltd. p. 134. 7265: 7263: 6920: 6820:(in Russian). The Russian Battlefield. Archived from 6585:

Caidin, M. (1974). 14 "The incredible T-34 tank." In

6540:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 169. 6538:

Operation Barbarossa and Germany's Defeat in the East

5629: 5429: 5289:

Stalin's Keys to Victory: The Rebirth of the Red Army

3176: 2384:

suspension and a three-man turret. The new tank, the

2047:

had an average engine service life of 195–205 hours.

775:

After these battles, Koshkin convinced Soviet leader

9920: 9416:, at morozov.com.ua. URL accessed on 5 October 2006. 8758:

Szakacs, Gergely; Gorondi, Pable (24 October 2006).

8354: 8276: 8264: 8252: 8240: 8200: 8188: 8176: 8164: 8152: 8063:"Russia receives 30 vintage T-34/85 tanks from Laos" 7991: 7796:. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers. pp. 7764: 7709:

Cyprus 1974: The Greek coup and the Turkish invasion

7226: 7224: 7152: 7007:

Tomzov, Alexander; Pinaev, Vladimir (8 April 2016).

6691: 5605:"Review of Soviet Ordnance Metallurgy by A. Hurlich" 5590:

DTIC AD0011426: Review of Soviet Ordnance Metallurgy

4613:

Soviet combat vehicle production during World War II

4484:, a tank destroyer based on T-34 Model 1943 chassis. 3095:

self-propelled guns were photographed being used in

2520: 2510:

aircraft. Badly damaged tanks were either dug in as

2100:, noting "the surprise at this new and thus unknown 9830: 9821: 8823: 8288: 7576:. Armor 2009. Concord Publications. pp. 9–10. 7414: 5450: 5273: 5030: 4428: 4295:("Russian"). The Finns referred to the T-34 as the 2989:in July and August 1974, with two major actions at 2543:was not given a formal cease-fire until 17 August. 11653:List of armoured fighting vehicles of World War II 9456:. Mississauga, ON: Armagedon & Airconnection. 9452:Michulec, Robert; Zientarzewski, Mirosław (2006). 8891: 8889: 7765:Schleicher, Hans-Georg; Schleicher, Ilona (1998). 7571: 7260: 7047:. United States: Schiffer Publishing. p. 29. 6984:Selected Equipment Production Figures World War II 6621:. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books. pp. 15–17. 6057: 6055: 5372: 5370: 5292:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 34. 5174: 5172: 4921:"The T-34 in WWII: the Legend vs. the Performance" 4386:: Short production run of January–March 1944 with 3021:By 1988 the PLAN T-34-85s had been stationed near 2903:tank, a licensed production version of the T-54A. 2633:Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution 736:, the Soviets deployed numerous tanks against the 11030: 9984:. Vol. 3, no. 5. pp. 18–20, 22–23. 9651:Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two 9262: 8658:"Putin mocked over single tank at Victory Parade" 8217: 8215: 8109: 8107: 7953:"WWII era Soviet armor engaged in Yemen conflict" 7880:"Scramble for the Congo – Anatomy of an Ugly War" 7467:Unembedded: Two Decades of Maverick War Reporting 7365:. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. p. 7296: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7221: 6757: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5770: 5768: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5202: 4244:for the models armed with 76.2 mm guns, and 4126:series still manage to attract a large audience. 4055:in 1990, the tank was transferred to a museum in 2653:South African National Museum of Military History 1674:T-34 side view, displaying the F-34 gun, with an 1111:the armour plate, including innovations by Prof. 280:31 tonnes (34 short tons; 31 long tons) (T-34-85) 11675: 10216: 10127:The T-34 in WWII: the Legend vs. the Performance 8118:[Malian Army: The difficult inventory]. 6931: 6929: 6679: 6667: 5463:East Central Europe: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 3281:: 300 delivered; 45 in service reported in 2023. 2642: 2514:or were used for testing and training purposes. 2479:The German army often employed as much captured 1154:N.112 in Gorky, with 12,604 in the same period. 669:, A-20, T-34 (model 1940), and T-34 (model 1941) 549:. When introduced, its 76.2 mm (3 in) 9856:The Chinese People's Liberation Army since 1949 9805:Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II 9202: 9154: 8901: 8886: 8796:(in Hungarian). 23 October 2006. Archived from 8116:"Armée malienne : le difficile inventaire" 8022: 8020: 8018: 7636:. Durban: Butterworths Publishers. p. 19. 6854:"The New Generation of Soviet Armor vs. Tigers" 6589:(2nd ed., p. 162). Los Angeles: Pinnacle Books. 6326: 6302: 6296: 6052: 5750: 5367: 5189: 5187: 5169: 2108:, called it "the finest tank in the world" and 857:medium tank at the KhPZ plant. Koshkin died of 611:of tanks, which in turn evolved into the later 11689:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944 10031: 9993:. New Vanguard 28. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 9691:. New Vanguard 20. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 9648: 9626: 9434: 8883:; the KMT designation was adopted in the 1950s 8757: 8212: 8104: 7885:. ICG Africa. 20 December 2000. Archived from 7287: 6958: 6946: 6882: 6711: 6697: 6645:(Naval Institute Press, London 2003), p. 337. 6473: 6278: 6229: 5962: 5956: 5765: 5488: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5391: 5376: 5336: 5324: 5253: 5249: 5216: 5199: 5193: 5178: 5152: 5113: 5041: 4891: 4879: 4627:Tanks of comparable role, performance, and era 2864:Army of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 2697: 2055: 1363:(100 imp gal; 120 US gal) 11016: 10876: 10754: 10678: 10532: 10407: 10202: 10154: 10103:U.S. WWII Newsmap, "Russian Armored Vehicles" 10064:Full panorama of external and internal T34/85 9878:United States Army Center of Military History 9686: 9610:Tank: The Progress of a Monstrous War Machine 9584: 9364:International Institute for Strategic Studies 9334:International Institute for Strategic Studies 8919: 8907: 8719: 8315: 8056: 8054: 7982:International Institute for Strategic Studies 7681: 7521:Regina v. Ministry of Defence Ex Parte Walker 7254: 7242: 6926: 6698:Krivosheev & Erickson 1997:252, table 95. 5124: 5122: 4957: 4948: 4946: 4833: 4820: 4082:of 1968. The tank was painted pink by artist 2199: 618: 472: 277:26.5 tonnes (29.2 short tons; 26.1 long tons) 10421: 9281: 9158:Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War II 8681:Honnigfort, Bernhard. "Der Panzersprenger." 8015: 7730: 7728: 7359:Fauriol, Georges Alfred; Loser, Eva (1990). 7358: 7300: 7006: 6935: 6063:"Tank Archives: Soviet 85 mm Guns vs Tigers" 5905:Russian Tanks and Armored Vehicles 1917–1945 5492: 5257: 5184: 4952: 4863: 4861: 4490:, a tank destroyer based on T-34-85 chassis. 4137:climaxed during the 50th anniversary of the 2350:the massive armour engagement at Prokhorovka 2062:German encounter of Soviet T-34 and KV tanks 1227:as the heavy tanks of their forces instead. 829:shortcomings were identified and corrected. 9726:Zaloga, Steven J.; Ness, Leland S. (1998). 9649:Zaloga, Steven J.; Grandsen, James (1984). 8839:Henley-in-Arden, UK: Coda Books Ltd., 2011. 8520:. November 1987. p. 13. Archived from 7758: 7625: 7408: 7352: 6797: 6149: 6111: 5833: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5508: 5477: 4855:WWIIVehicles.com. Retrieved on 18 May 2013. 4558:tanks, due to the rarity of the latter. In 4523:. This tank was captured by the Germans in 4468:(Self-propelled guns and tank destroyers): 3091:In 2015, both T-34-85 Model 1969 tanks and 2755:outpost manned by the 21st Regiment of the 2682:FAPLA began deploying T-34-85s against the 1080:Ordzhonikidze Ural Heavy Machine Tool Works 11648: 11023: 11009: 10883: 10869: 10761: 10747: 10685: 10671: 10539: 10525: 10414: 10400: 10209: 10195: 10161: 10147: 9783: 9725: 9724: 9470: 9392: 9298: 9263:Gander, Terry; Chamberlain, Peter (1979). 9243: 9207:. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Military. 8880: 8655: 8051: 7706: 7650: 7303:T-34: The Red Army's Legendary Medium Tank 7281: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7033:Zaitsev V.I. Guards Tank. Sverdlovsk, 1989 6685: 6673: 6314: 6290: 6208: 6046: 5821: 5809: 5699: 5119: 4963: 4943: 4908:. Ohio: Ohio State University. p. 11. 4554:, T-34-85 tanks were modified to resemble 4032:, leading to ridicule from Western media. 1231:Soviet medium tank models of World War II 701:engine, a less-flammable diesel fuel in a 479: 465: 10093:– detailed examination of T-34-85 details 9831:Zheltov, I; Pavlov, M; Pavlov, I (2001). 9748:T-54 and T-55 Main Battle Tanks 1944–2004 8929: 8927: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8221: 8060: 7975: 7874: 7872: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7725: 7682:Tokarev, Andrei; Shubin, Gennady (2011). 7656: 7631: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7042: 6565:. London: Penguin Classics. p. 233. 6145: 6143: 4858: 4347:(T-34/76B): Main production with thicker 4260:instead of Models 1941 and 1942, and the 4201:Learn how and when to remove this message 3516: 3106: 2751:On 3 May 1995, a VRS T-34-85 attacked an 2546: 2397:Soviet 85 mm anti-aircraft gun, the 2250:Learn how and when to remove this message 2184:purge of the Soviet officer corps in 1937 9991:Panzerkampfwagen IV Medium Tank, 1936–45 9687:Zaloga, Steven J.; Kinnear, Jim (1996). 9422:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon 9411: 9222: 8790:"Elfogták az elkötött T-34-es vezetőjét" 8392:. London: Arms and Armour. p. 221. 8374:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon 8113: 7458: 7389: 7383: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6560: 6490:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 456. 6452: 5985: 5537: 5496: 5411: 5409: 5387: 5385: 5261: 4903: 4527:. It was sent to the U.S. after the war. 4521:U.S. Army Armor & Cavalry Collection 4514: 4432: 4309: 4212: 4047:, was sentenced to life imprisonment in 3999: 3959: 3731: 3289: 3163: 3143: 3007:South West African People's Organisation 2910: 2886:at the 1950 Chinese National Day parade. 2873: 2858:, most of the T-34s were fielded by the 2850:T-34-85s were sporadically available in 2801: 2774: 2706: 2646: 2550: 2466: 2424: 2403: 2363: 2319: 2261: 2161: 2149: 2065: 1756: 1669: 1521: 1185: 1126: 899: 836: 766: 661: 576:The T-34 was the mainstay of the Soviet 330:Hull front 47 mm /60° (upper part) 9988: 9956:. Somerset: Patrick Stephens (Haynes). 9562: 9491: 9203:Drabkin, Artem; Sheremet, Oleg (2006). 9138:British Armour in the Normandy Campaign 9132: 8939:Saving Private Ryan Online Encyclopedia 8601: 8574: 8472: 8468: 8466: 7844: 7319: 7230: 7215: 6816:Евгений Болдырев (20 September 2005). 6772: 6661: 6515:. New York: Random House. p. 184. 6510: 6485: 4240:) have used Soviet-style nomenclature: 3964:One of the best-known memorials of the 3560: 2736:and continued to see action during the 2671:as part of its support for the ongoing 2178:, initial lack of radios in tanks, and 728:in 1939, an undeclared border war with 11694:World War II tanks of the Soviet Union 11676: 10768: 10007: 9898: 9839:] (in Russian). Moscow: Eksprint. 9802: 9788:. Duel 32. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 9764: 9745: 9667: 9634:. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal. 9604: 9471: 9201: 8924: 8895: 8868: 8811: 8707: 8607: 8580: 8539: 8300: 8146: 7869: 7814: 7783: 7736:"SWAPO strengthened by Red T-34 tanks" 7634:Borderstrike! South Africa into Angola 7599: 7483: 7464: 7325: 7236: 7164: 7061: 6845: 6745: 6535: 6350: 6338: 6267: 6184: 6152:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 6140: 6114:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 6100: 5973: 5635: 5511:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 5348: 5164: 5128: 5066: 4867: 4811: 3576: 3170:Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2462: 2368:A T-34 Model 1942 (left), next to the 2050: 1844: 689:tank, designated A-20, had a modified 647:: fast-moving and light, designed for 334:Hull side 40 mm/41°(upper part), 11004: 10864: 10742: 10666: 10520: 10395: 10190: 10142: 9951: 9393:Jentz, Thomas; Doyle, Hilary (1993). 9303:. Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company. 9299:Hughes, Matthew; Mann, Chris (2002). 9054:from the original on 17 November 2014 8545: 8503: 8491:from the original on 18 November 2021 8061:Fediushko, Dmitry (16 January 2019). 7850: 7825: 7789: 7675: 7553:from the original on 27 December 2012 7494: 6902:from the original on 28 November 2014 6851: 6605: 5700:Zaloga, Steven; Ness, Leland (2003). 5582: 5580: 5406: 5382: 4931:from the original on 22 December 2015 4766:petrol aircraft engine, and inferior 4510: 2623:assaults. Several T-34-85s and a few 832: 460: 10891:Experimental and improvised vehicles 9979: 9970: 9786:T-34-85 vs. M26 Pershing, Korea 1950 9593:) 11/2004, p. 53. Warsaw: Magnum-X. 9362: 9332: 9317: 9229:(3rd ed.). London: Frank Cass. 9175: 8974:from the original on 14 October 2012 8935:"Sd.Kfz. 181 PzKpfw VI Tiger I Tank" 8850:Southeast Finland Border Guard Guild 8463: 8360: 8294: 8282: 8270: 8258: 8246: 8206: 8194: 8182: 8170: 8158: 8098: 8086: 8039:from the original on 13 January 2019 8009: 7997: 7769:. Harare: SAPES Books. p. 213. 7433: 7176: 7015:from the original on 23 January 2022 6785:from the original on 16 October 2014 6616: 6394:"Документы советской эпохи: Главная" 6073:from the original on 22 January 2022 5986:Boldyrev, Evgenii (1 October 2011). 5938:from the original on 3 November 2014 5655:from the original on 6 February 2016 5285: 5140: 5101: 5089: 5077: 5000: 4988: 4906:Two ways to build a better mousetrap 4753:for explanation of naming convention 4183:adding citations to reliable sources 4154: 4062:Another such tank, mounted atop the 3529:: Captured (designated "Pz. 747(r)") 2954:position until the battle was over. 2742:Army of the Republic of Serb Krajina 2232:adding citations to reliable sources 2203: 486: 332:45 mm (1.8")/60° (lower part), 16:Soviet medium tank, Second World War 10033:Von Mellenthin, Major General F. W. 9853: 9476:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. 9181:Nomonhan, Japan Against Russia 1939 9110:from the original on 27 August 2012 8026: 7929:(in Vietnamese). 15 February 2019. 7793:The battlefronts of Southern Africa 7439: 7269: 6736:. New York: Vintage Books 1993:489. 6404:from the original on 5 January 2020 5573:– via The Russian Battlefield 4966:Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses 4074:in May 1945), but actually bore an 3099:. Some were even being fitted with 3011:People's Liberation Army of Namibia 2946:with the objective of destroying a 2332:In July 1943, the Germans launched 1215:(technically a medium tank) or the 291:6.68 m (21 ft 11 in) 13: 10091:The T-34-85 in WWII: A Closer Look 9944: 9710:. Hong Kong: Concord Publication. 8945:from the original on 18 April 2012 8770:from the original on 27 March 2007 8562:from the original on 31 March 2023 8406:from the original on 31 March 2023 8114:Touchard, Laurent (18 June 2013). 7963:from the original on 15 April 2019 7933:from the original on 31 March 2023 7746:from the original on 31 March 2023 7613:from the original on 14 April 2010 7134:from the original on 5 August 2009 6434:from the original on 30 March 2022 6374:from the original on 27 March 2022 5704:. Sutton Publishing. p. 179. 5577: 5306:from the original on 31 March 2023 5279: 5057:, Interlaken, Switzerland: 1257–64 4904:McFadden, David Frederick (2002). 3430:: 642; undisclosed number in 2010. 3177:Estimated numbers in service, 2023 3075:. They were later used during the 1863:better, the combat gear was worse. 895: 683:Kharkiv Komintern Locomotive Plant 299:3.00 m (9 ft 10 in) 14: 11715: 10107:UNT Libraries Digital Collections 10087:, tanks in museums and monuments. 10081:, tanks in museums and monuments. 10057: 10008:Sewell, Stephen 'Cookie' (1998). 9973:The Ardennes: Battle of the Bulge 9826:, no. 17, Moscow, p. 13 9730:. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. 9653:. London: Arms and Armour Press. 9160:. London: Arms and Armour Press. 8824:Zheltov, Pavlov & Pavlov 2001 8760:"Hungarian protesters seize tank" 8656:van Brugen, Isabel (9 May 2024). 8128:from the original on 8 April 2019 7911:Michulec & Zientarzewski 2006 7362:Cuba: The International Dimension 6997:website, retrieved on 4 July 2013 6921:Michulec & Zientarzewski 2006 6773:Zamulin, Valeriy (10 July 2014). 6734:Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives 6268:Drabkin & Sheremet 2006:27–28 6028:from the original on 2 March 2022 5929: 5885:from the original on 3 April 2022 5838:. Moscow: Jauza. pp. 29–30. 5451:Zheltov, Pavlov & Pavlov 2001 5430:Michulec & Zientarzewski 2006 5274:Zheltov, Pavlov & Pavlov 2001 5031:Zheltov, Pavlov & Pavlov 1999 5001:Sale, Richard (23 January 2013), 4918: 4608:List of tanks of the Soviet Union 4478:based on T-34 Model 1943 chassis. 3698:Palestine Liberation Organization 3207:: 45; 30 operational reported by 2915:T-34-85 tank in Museo Giron, Cuba 2521:Manchurian campaign (August 1945) 1735:85 mm (3.35 in) ZiS gun 1115:. The design of the 76.2 mm 557:provided good protection against 342:Turret front 60 mm (round), 307:2.46 m (8 ft 1 in) 11684:Medium tanks of the Soviet Union 11647: 11638: 11637: 10546: 9248:. London: Ian Allan Publishing. 9244:Fowler, Will; Bean, Tim (2002). 9092: 9066: 9036: 9020:Подъем танка (pulling tank) T-34 9013: 9006:web site, text republished from 8986: 8956: 8913: 8874: 8862: 8842: 8829: 8817: 8805: 8782: 8751: 8725: 8713: 8701: 8688: 8675: 8649: 8626: 8418: 8379: 8366: 8321: 8140: 7945: 7915: 7904: 7700: 7596:王立等主编：《当代中国的兵器工业》，当代中国出版社,1993年. 7590: 7565: 7533: 7513: 7394:. J.L. van Schaik. p. 182. 7275: 7248: 7209: 7170: 7036: 7027: 7009:""Тигровый армагеддон" у Лисува" 7000: 6976: 6964: 6952: 6940: 6914: 6888: 6876: 6836: 6809: 6739: 6726: 6717: 6635: 6592: 6579: 6554: 6529: 6504: 6479: 6458: 5013:from the original on 25 May 2020 4846:Specifications for T-34 model 41 4751:designations of Soviet artillery 4498:: 14 T-34s were fitted with the 4429:Other armoured fighting vehicles 4159: 3941: 3927: 3913: 3899: 3887: 3873: 3859: 3845: 3831: 3818: 3804: 3774: 3756: 3736:Romanian army T-34-85 next to a 3718: 3704: 3690: 3676: 3662: 3648: 3634: 3620: 3607: 3593: 3578: 3562: 3547: 3533: 3518: 3503: 3489: 3476: 3462: 3448: 3434: 3420: 3406: 3392: 3374: 3360: 3346: 3332: 3318: 3304: 3271: 3257: 3243: 3229: 3215: 3197: 3183: 3077:Vietnamese invasion of Kampuchea 2921:Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces 2675:there. Cuban crewmen instructed 2208: 2166:T-34 being used by the Wehrmacht 2154:Burning T-34, Soviet Union, 1941 2088:. The existence of the T-34 and 1686:The 76.2 mm (3.00 in) 1060:Dzerzhinsky Ural Railcar Factory 865:, was appointed Chief Designer. 266:Specifications (T-34 Model 1941) 158:Vietnamese invasion of Kampuchea 38: 7546:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 6486:Barnett, Correlli, ed. (1989). 6446: 6416: 6386: 6356: 6344: 6332: 6320: 6272: 6261: 6235: 6223: 6214: 6193: 6178: 6105: 6094: 6085: 6010: 5990:[Medium tank T-34-85]. 5979: 5950: 5923: 5910: 5897: 5861: 5852: 5827: 5815: 5803: 5777: 5756: 5718: 5693: 5667: 5641: 5597: 5502: 5468: 5461:Drachkovitch, Milorad M. (ed.) 5455: 5444: 5435: 5423: 5397: 5354: 5342: 5330: 5318: 5243: 5158: 5146: 5134: 5107: 5095: 5083: 5071: 5060: 5047: 5035: 5024: 4994: 4912: 4777: 4756: 4743: 4170:needs additional citations for 4035:A T-34-85 tank monument in the 3136:, starting production in 1947. 2838:of 17 June 1953 as well as the 2378:7.5cm (2.95 in) KwK 40 gun 2219:needs additional citations for 916:(STZ), and starting in July at 904:T-34 tanks headed to the front. 186:Yemeni Civil War (2014–present) 10041:. New York: Ballantine Books. 8581:Nelson, Harold D, ed. (1983). 8027:Axe, David (10 January 2019). 7334:. London: Frank Cass. p. 7301:Tucker-Jones, Anthony (2015). 6187:T-34 vs StuG III, Finland 1944 6101:Drabkin & Sheremet 2006:33 4897: 4885: 4873: 4839: 4805: 4796: 4734: 4010:2018 Moscow Victory Day Parade 3988:(left) together with a German 3869:: 7 T-34-85 from Egypt in 1981 3294:Chinese T-34 tanks during the 2845: 2821: 2770: 2651:Restored FAPLA T-34-85 at the 2605:tanks, as well as the British 918:Krasnoye Sormovo Factory N.112 732:on the frontier with occupied 405:18.9 hp (14 kW) / tonne (T-34) 240: 1: 11032:Tanks of the Second World War 10990:List of Soviet tank factories 10692: 9921:Glantz, LTC David M. (1983). 9899:Glantz, LTC David M. (1983). 9424:, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003. 9125: 7707:Drousiotis, Makarios (2006). 6758:Gander & Chamberlain 1979 6664:, pp. 145, 261–262, 321. 6643:Field Artillery and Firepower 6561:Guderian, Heinz (2000). "6". 5834:Baryatinsky, Mikhail (2008). 5474:Zaloga & Grandsen 1983:37 4114:. It was also shown in other 4064:monument to Soviet tank crews 3782:Socialist Republic of Romania 3239:: 4; serviceability doubtful. 3115: 2806:Egyptian Army T-34-85 in the 2643:Angolan Civil War (1975–1988) 2571:amphibious landings at Inchon 2266:Soviet T-34 tanks during the 2141:88 mm anti-aircraft guns 1795: 928:Total Soviet tank production 9952:Chant, Christopher (1996) . 9301:The T-34 Russian Battle Tank 9286:Cambridge University Press. 9074:"Toute l'histoire du blindé" 8968:Internet Movie Cars Database 8645:– via www.youtube.com. 7574:Armor of the Afghanistan War 7415:Christopher F. Foss (1991). 6602:. Bantam Books, 1966, p. 75. 6164:10.1080/13518046.2015.998132 6126:10.1080/13518046.2015.998132 5728:(in Russian). Archived from 5677:(in Russian). Archived from 5523:10.1080/13518046.2015.998132 5286:Dunn, Walter S. Jr. (2007). 4139:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 4072:liberation of Czechoslovakia 3955: 3139: 2840:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 2527:Soviet invasion of Manchuria 2485:Panzerkampfwagen T-34 747(r) 2326:Zhitomir–Berdichev Offensive 2308:In 1943, the Soviets formed 2106:Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist 2086:twenty-nine mechanized corps 2022:that of the 7.62 cm cannon. 1665: 892:), and even thicker armour. 805:for a demonstration for the 360:76.2 mm (3.00 in) 344:Turret side 52 mm/30°, 110:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 106:East German uprising of 1953 7: 9728:Red Army Handbook 1939–1945 9689:T-34-85 Medium Tank 1944–94 8518:Central Intelligence Agency 8222:Cordesman, Anthony (2016). 7417:Jane's Armour and Artillery 6600:Hitler Moves East 1941–1943 6536:Stahel, David (2009). "5". 6424:"T-34-85 Reliability, 1945" 6327:Drabkin & Sheremet 2006 6303:Drabkin & Sheremet 2006 5920:. Zenith Imprint 2003. p38. 5751:Drabkin & Sheremet 2006 5702:Red Army Handbook 1939–1945 4925:www.operationbarbarossa.net 4601: 4144: 3644:: 30; retired from service. 3130:transversely mounted engine 2698:Other regions and countries 2673:Cuban military intervention 2589:in June 1950. The WWII-era 2533:Japanese-occupied Manchuria 2056:Operation Barbarossa (1941) 1752: 1181: 1091:Dzerzhinsky Tractor Factory 628:In 1939, the most numerous 10: 11720: 10777:Armored Artillery tractors 10173:armoured fighting vehicles 9803:Zaloga, Steven J. (2015). 9784:Zaloga, Steven J. (2010). 9765:Zaloga, Steven J. (2007). 9746:Zaloga, Steven J. (2004). 9668:Zaloga, Steven J. (1994). 9630:; Grandsen, James (1983). 9395:Tiger 1 Heavy Tank 1942–45 8837:Panzers At War, 1943–1945. 7927:Báo Điện tử An ninh Thủ đô 7632:Steenkamp, Willem (1983). 7043:Regenberg, Werner (1990). 6959:Zaloga & Grandsen 1983 6947:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 6883:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 6712:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 6474:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 6279:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 6230:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 5957:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 5489:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 5392:Zaloga & Grandsen 1983 5377:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 5337:Zaloga & Grandsen 1983 5325:Zaloga & Grandsen 1983 5254:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 5250:Zaloga & Grandsen 1983 5217:Zaloga & Grandsen 1983 5194:Zaloga & Grandsen 1983 5179:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 5153:Zaloga & Grandsen 1983 5114:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 5042:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 4968:. Greenhill. p. 253. 4964:Krivosheev, G. I. (1997). 4892:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 4880:Zaloga & Grandsen 1984 4291:, where the "r" stood for 4148: 4120:German Democratic Republic 3050: 3036: 3015:German Democratic Republic 3000: 2702: 2583:North Korean People's Army 2524: 2359: 2200:Further action (1942–1943) 2059: 1772:The T-34 was powered by a 1131:Polish T-34 Model 1942 in 914:Stalingrad Tractor Factory 817:, and back to Kharkiv via 705:configuration designed by 623: 619:Development and production 451:53 km/h (33 mph) 441:200 km (120 mi) 375:2 × 7.62 mm (0.3 in) 235:1951–1958 (Czechoslovakia) 142:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 18: 11704:Malyshev Factory products 11633: 11442: 11392: 11354: 11291: 11161: 11038: 10975: 10942: 10896: 10812: 10776: 10700: 10644: 10608: 10552: 10483: 10427: 10363: 10332: 10296: 10270: 10244: 10228: 10183: 9858:. Elite No. 194. Osprey. 9439:London: Greenhill Books. 9185:Stanford University Press 8908:Zaloga & Kinnear 1996 8720:Zaloga & Kinnear 1996 8583:Zimbabwe, a Country Study 8316:Zaloga & Kinnear 1996 8101:, pp. 301, 316, 318. 8012:, pp. 277, 311, 316. 7657:Gleijeses, Piero (2013). 7390:Du Preez, Sophia (1989). 7255:Zaloga & Kinnear 1996 7243:Zaloga & Kinnear 1996 6617:Ganz, A. Harding (2016). 4991:, pp. 456, 458, 299. 4851:26 September 2015 at the 4834:Zaloga & Kinnear 1996 4307:("long-barreled Sotka"). 3790:armored recovery vehicles 3285: 3101:anti-tank guided missiles 3027:pending general elections 2965: 2785:Arab-Israeli Wars of 1956 1922: 1919: 1547: 1517: 1422: 1392: 1360: 1190:Interior view of T-34-85. 1176: 793:to head tank production. 496: 445: 437:330 km (210 mi) 427: 419: 409: 401: 397:500 hp (370 kW) 382: 367: 352: 324: 319: 311: 303: 295: 287: 270: 265: 254: 239: 227: 214: 206: 196: 191: 93: 82: 74: 69: 60:Place of origin 59: 49: 37: 30: 10422:Self-propelled artillery 9670:T-34 Medium Tank 1941–45 9494:Soviet Armour Since 1945 9223:Erickson, John (2001) . 8546:Grilz, Almerigo (1991). 8480:National Military Museum 7810:– via archive.org. 7541:"Sergeant Trevor Walker" 7153:Leavenworth Papers No. 8 6949:, pp. 113, 184, 225 6688:, p. 181, table 6.3 4727: 4289:Panzerkampfwagen T-34(r) 4135:2006 protests in Hungary 4133:on 23 October 2006, the 3966:Battle of the Dukla Pass 3742:National Military Museum 3097:Houthi takeover in Yemen 3086: 2880:People's Liberation Army 2869: 2808:Egyptian Military museum 2746:Army of Republika Srpska 2419:Krasnoye Sormovo Factory 1152:Krasnoye Sormovo Factory 1103:developed for automated 740:(IJA). Although the IJA 346:Turret rear 30 mm, 340:Hull bottom 15 mm; 138:1974 Cypriot coup d'état 11268:Type 97 ShinHōtō Chi-Ha 10784:AT-42 artillery tractor 10428:Guns and anti-tank guns 9989:Perrett, Bryan (1999). 9492:Perrett, Bryan (1987). 9282:Harrison, Mark (2002). 9267:. New York: Doubleday. 9100:"Mandela Way T-34 Tank" 8855:28 January 2019 at the 7609:. Armstrade.sipri.org. 7326:George, Edward (2005). 6185:Zaloga, Steven (2019), 5992:The Russian Battlefield 5416:The Russian Battlefield 5362:Paton Evgeny Oscarovich 5236:The Russian Battlefield 4476:self-propelled howitzer 4456:("counter-mine trawl") 4398:ZiS-S-53 85 mm gun 4108:People's Army of Poland 4106:(1922–1998), himself a 4092:Czterej pancerni i pies 2906: 2587:invasion of South Korea 2569:after their successful 2336:, in the region around 2268:Operation Little Saturn 1881:Aberdeen Proving Ground 1850:When in June 1941, the 1588:enough, one determined 1555:Aberdeen Proving Ground 1219:; the Soviets used the 1074:, soon to be nicknamed 883:State Defense Committee 726:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 423:0.4 m (16 in) 11540:Special number 3 Ku-Ro 11520:Panzerkampfwagen E-100 11326:Cromwell (and Centaur) 11083:Marmon-Herrington CTLS 9971:Cole, Hugh M. (1965). 9854:Lai, Benjamin (2012). 9767:Japanese Tanks 1939–45 9591:New Military Equipment 9587:Nowa Technika Wojskowa 9545:. 2003. Archived from 9519:. 2000. Archived from 9140:. London: Frank Cass. 8998:25 August 2012 at the 8473:Sămușan, Alin (2017). 7465:Taylor, Scott (2009). 6818:"Средний танк Т-34-85" 6686:Zaloga & Ness 1998 6674:Fowler & Bean 2002 6641:Bailey, Jonathan B.A. 6587:The Tigers are Burning 6511:Kennedy, Paul (2013). 6315:Hughes & Mann 2002 6291:Hughes & Mann 2002 6209:Hughes & Mann 2002 6047:Jentz & Doyle 1993 5988:"Средний танк Т-34-85" 5959:, pp. 126–27, 135 5822:Jentz & Doyle 1993 5810:Jentz & Doyle 1993 5465:Hoover Press 1982:150. 5441:Zaloga 1984:125–6, 225 4528: 4465:Samokhodnaya Ustanovka 4438: 4319: 4314:T-34-85 on display at 4225: 4112:Polish popular culture 4013: 3997: 3749: 3299: 3173: 3161: 3126:torsion-bar suspension 3107:Current active service 3044:The Alive and the Dead 2971:Cypriot National Guard 2923:(FAR), along with the 2916: 2887: 2811: 2780: 2722:Yugoslav People's Army 2716: 2660: 2578: 2547:Korean War (1950–1953) 2476: 2431: 2413: 2373: 2329: 2271: 2197: 2167: 2155: 2137:105 mm field guns 2077: 2037: 2026:Russian T-43 [ 1908: 1890: 1877: 1865: 1839: 1769: 1721: 1683: 1527: 1223:and the U.S. used the 1191: 1136: 1068:Stalin Tractor Factory 905: 877:designed the superior 842: 772: 738:Imperial Japanese Army 677:had assigned engineer 670: 348:Turret top 16 mm 336:Hull rear 45 mm, 218:3,094–9,000 Man hours 9539:"T-34-85 Medium Tank" 9496:. London: Blandford. 9472:Milsom, John (1971). 9454:T-34: Mythical Weapon 9397:. Osprey Publishing. 9050:. 17 September 2006. 9025:9 August 2021 at the 8696:Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger 8683:Frankfurter Rundschau 8608:Keegan, John (1983). 8552:Jane's Defence Weekly 8033:The National Interest 7851:Stiff, Peter (2001). 7826:Stiff, Peter (1989). 7790:Legum, Colin (1987). 7177:Hiestand, William E. 6995:Tom Philo Photography 6398:sovdoc.rusarchives.ru 5916:Jörgensen, Christen. 5903:Fleischer, Wolfgang. 5651:. Mark Conrad, 1995. 5491:, pp. 113, 184, 5256:, pp. 113, 184, 4592:Mandela Way T-34 Tank 4581:anaerobic environment 4519:An early T-34 at the 4518: 4436: 4313: 4273:military intelligence 4216: 4003: 3963: 3735: 3293: 3191:Republic of the Congo 3167: 3147: 3073:1975 Spring Offensive 3065:Operation Lam Son 719 3061:North Vietnamese Army 2914: 2877: 2805: 2778: 2734:Serbia and Montenegro 2710: 2650: 2554: 2470: 2428: 2407: 2367: 2323: 2265: 2192: 2165: 2153: 2069: 2007: 1903: 1885: 1872: 1860: 1828: 1760: 1716: 1673: 1637:Waffenamt-Prüfwesen 1 1525: 1189: 1130: 903: 879:76.2 mm F-34 gun 840: 770: 724:in July 1938 and the 722:Battle of Lake Khasan 665: 420:Ground clearance 338:Hull top 20 mm, 220:130,000–429,000 126:North Yemen Civil War 8881:Zaloga 2004: pp18-19 8848:"Tank Museum Tour." 8800:on 24 February 2008. 7986:The Military Balance 7495:Viney, Mark (2012). 6824:on 23 September 2015 6513:Engineers of Victory 5762:Jentz (1996), p. 243 5617:on 25 September 2015 4179:improve this article 2929:Bay of Pigs Invasion 2836:East German uprising 2496:recognition mistakes 2228:improve this article 2082:Operation Barbarossa 2041:2nd Guards Tank Army 1852:8th Mechanised Corps 1485:(0.59–4.72 in) 1480:(0.79–3.54 in) 1475:(0.63–3.54 in) 1470:(0.79–2.76 in) 1465:(0.79–2.56 in) 1460:(0.79–2.05 in) 1455:(0.59–1.77 in) 1420:Cross-country range 1328:85 mm ZiS-S-53 1325:85 mm ZiS-S-53 1096:Battle of Stalingrad 1048:Operation Barbarossa 609:T-54 and T-55 series 595:and medium tanks in 571:Deep Battle Strategy 567:Operation Barbarossa 233:1951–1955 (Poland), 166:Yemenite War of 1979 122:Bay of Pigs Invasion 11699:History of the tank 11664:Tank classification 11660:History of the tank 10118:Field Repair Manual 10112:T-34 History Museum 10075:at wwiivehicles.com 10010:"Why Three Tanks?"" 9880:(31 January 1994). 9807:. Stackpole Books. 9549:on 10 November 2011 9543:Russian Battlefield 9517:Russian Battlefield 8794:Népszabadság Online 8739:on 19 February 2005 8587:American University 8089:, pp. 78, 412. 7740:Windhoek Advertiser 7440:Gow, James (2003). 7206:, pp. 727−745. 7185:. Osprey Publishing 6852:Pyatakhin, Dmitry. 6024:. 4 February 2019. 5732:on 25 February 2015 5565:on 23 February 2013 5493:Harrison (2002:181) 5258:Harrison (2002:181) 5104:, pp. 437, 993 4539:Saving Private Ryan 4525:Operation Barbarosa 4388:D-5T 85 mm gun 4305:pitkäputkinen Sotka 4104:Janusz Przymanowski 3786:local modifications 3081:Sino-Vietnamese War 2983:Archbishop Makarios 2720:In early 1991, the 2616:M20 "Super Bazooka" 2463:German use of T-34s 2147:role to stop them. 2051:Operational history 1916: 1845:General reliability 1785:Christie suspension 1763:Finnish Tank Museum 1550:, "with screens"). 1232: 1117:F-34 gun Model 1941 929: 791:Sergo Ordzhonikidze 162:Sino-Vietnamese War 146:Ethiopian Civil War 44:T-34-85 medium tank 11643:World War II tanks 11331:Mk VIII Challenger 11063:Light Tank Mk VIII 10813:Artillery tractors 10770:Artillery tractors 10484:Anti-aircraft guns 10099:at Achtung Panzer! 9874:MacArthur, Douglas 9523:on 27 January 2012 9513:"T-34 Medium Tank" 9414:"T-43 Medium Tank" 9004:Militaarne Hiiumaa 8527:on 23 January 2017 8451:on 19 January 2021 8067:Janes Defence News 7892:on 29 October 2013 7526:2018-01-21 at the 6989:2017-03-26 at the 6971:Zaloga et al. 1997 6923:, pp. 197–201 6842:Healy 2008:167–171 6804:Zaloga et al. 1997 6293:, pp. 61, 63. 6249:on 27 January 2012 6091:Healy 2008:167–172 5998:on 12 October 2011 5836:The T-34 in Combat 5044:, pp. 66, 111 4529: 4511:Surviving vehicles 4454:Protivominniy Tral 4439: 4320: 4226: 4053:German unification 4022:Victory Day Parade 4014: 3998: 3788:. Furthermore, 12 3764:Kingdom of Romania 3750: 3382:Bosnia-Herzegovina 3300: 3174: 3162: 2981:against President 2936:Battle of Cassinga 2917: 2888: 2812: 2781: 2730:Bosnia-Herzegovina 2717: 2661: 2591:2.36-inch bazookas 2579: 2498:, large-dimension 2477: 2432: 2414: 2374: 2330: 2272: 2168: 2156: 2129:Panzeranklopfgerät 2078: 1914: 1770: 1684: 1648:M41 Walker Bulldog 1528: 1430:(120–160 mi) 1415:(150–190 mi) 1410:(186–301 mi) 1400:(210–280 mi) 1322:76.2 mm F-34 1319:76.2 mm F-34 1316:76.2 mm F-34 1313:76.2 mm F-34 1310:76.2 mm L-11 1230: 1192: 1137: 927: 906: 875:Gorky Factory N.92 843: 833:Initial production 773: 711:caterpillar tracks 707:Konstantin Chelpan 671: 657:J. Walter Christie 231:1940–1946 (USSR), 192:Production history 78:1940–present 11671: 11670: 10998: 10997: 10968: 10967: 10858: 10857: 10736: 10735: 10660: 10659: 10514: 10513: 10389: 10388: 9982:Military Heritage 9795:978-1-84603-990-4 9776:978-1-84603-091-8 9628:Zaloga, Steven J. 9577:978-83-7510-130-0 9463:978-0-9781091-0-3 9325:978-1-85743-557-3 9310:978-0-7603-0701-4 8835:Carruthers, Bob. 8619:978-0-333-34079-0 8441:978-606-560-252-6 8339:on 6 October 2014 8233:978-1-4742-9256-6 7862:978-1-919854-01-4 7837:978-0-620-14260-1 7807:978-0-8419-1144-4 7776:978-1-77905-071-7 7693:978-1-4314-0185-7 7668:978-1-4696-0968-3 7643:978-0-409-10062-4 7607:"Trade Registers" 7506:978-0-7864-6340-4 7476:978-1-55365-292-2 7451:978-0-7735-2386-9 7426:978-0-7106-0964-9 7401:978-0-627-01691-2 7376:978-0-88738-324-3 7345:978-0-415-35015-0 7312:978-1-78159-095-9 7218:, pp. 134–35 7167:, pp. 25−33. 7128:"Trade Registers" 6936:Harrison 2002:181 6572:978-0-14-139027-7 6547:978-0-521-76847-4 6522:978-1-4000-6761-9 6488:Hitler's Generals 6430:. 20 April 2020. 6368:Panzer-elmito.org 6232:, pp. 135–37 6069:. 24 March 2013. 5932:"Armchairgeneral" 5845:978-5-699-26709-5 5791:on 2 January 2017 5711:978-0-7509-3209-7 5681:on 1 January 2014 5299:978-0-8117-3423-3 4975:978-1-85367-280-4 4677:Carro Armato P 40 4588:Musée des Blindés 4545:Battle of Neretva 4437:A T-34-57 in 1941 4351:and the superior 4268:instead of 1943. 4211: 4210: 4203: 4097:Polish television 3484:Equatorial Guinea 2997:on 20 July 1974. 2856:Soviet–Afghan War 2799:in October 1973. 2665:Angolan Civil War 2334:Operation Citadel 2299:German Sixth Army 2260: 2259: 2252: 2080:Germany launched 1997: 1996: 1895:"Cyclone" filters 1512: 1511: 1445:(93–130 mi) 1440:(99–193 mi) 1040: 1039: 873:Design Bureau at 863:Alexander Morozov 757:Molotov cocktails 649:manoeuver warfare 559:anti-tank weapons 534: 533: 455: 454: 170:Soviet–Afghan War 150:Angolan Civil War 11711: 11651: 11650: 11641: 11640: 11515:Panzer VIII Maus 11243:Panzer V Panther 11025: 11018: 11011: 11002: 11001: 10919:A-40 flying tank 10885: 10878: 10871: 10862: 10861: 10763: 10756: 10749: 10740: 10739: 10687: 10680: 10673: 10664: 10663: 10541: 10534: 10527: 10518: 10517: 10416: 10409: 10402: 10393: 10392: 10211: 10204: 10197: 10188: 10187: 10163: 10156: 10149: 10140: 10139: 10133:Tanks for Stalin 10122: 10105:, hosted by the 10052: 10028: 10014: 10004: 9985: 9976: 9967: 9939: 9937: 9935: 9929: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9907: 9895: 9893: 9891: 9869: 9850: 9837:The Unknown T-34 9833:Neizvestnyy T-34 9827: 9818: 9799: 9780: 9761: 9742: 9741: 9721: 9702: 9683: 9664: 9645: 9623: 9612:. Viking Adult. 9601: 9581: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9507: 9488: 9487: 9467: 9448: 9417: 9408: 9389: 9359: 9329: 9314: 9295: 9278: 9259: 9240: 9219: 9218: 9198: 9172: 9171: 9151: 9120: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9096: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9080:on 12 April 2013 9070: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9059: 9040: 9034: 9017: 9011: 8990: 8984: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8960: 8954: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8931: 8922: 8917: 8911: 8905: 8899: 8893: 8884: 8878: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8846: 8840: 8833: 8827: 8821: 8815: 8809: 8803: 8801: 8786: 8780: 8779: 8777: 8775: 8755: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8735:. Archived from 8729: 8723: 8722:, pp. 42–43 8717: 8711: 8705: 8699: 8698:, 17 April 2005. 8692: 8686: 8685:, 15 April 2005. 8679: 8673: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8653: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8642: 8630: 8624: 8623: 8605: 8599: 8598: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8543: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8532: 8526: 8515: 8507: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8496: 8470: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8450: 8444:. Archived from 8433: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8383: 8377: 8370: 8364: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8346: 8344: 8335:. Archived from 8325: 8319: 8313: 8298: 8292: 8286: 8280: 8274: 8268: 8262: 8256: 8250: 8244: 8238: 8237: 8219: 8210: 8204: 8198: 8192: 8186: 8180: 8174: 8168: 8162: 8156: 8150: 8144: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8111: 8102: 8096: 8090: 8084: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8058: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8024: 8013: 8007: 8001: 7995: 7989: 7979: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7957:Uskowioniran.com 7949: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7919: 7913: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7891: 7884: 7876: 7867: 7866: 7848: 7842: 7841: 7828:Nine Days of War 7823: 7812: 7811: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7762: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7732: 7723: 7722: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7654: 7648: 7647: 7629: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7603: 7597: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7558: 7537: 7531: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7492: 7481: 7480: 7462: 7456: 7455: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7333: 7323: 7317: 7316: 7298: 7285: 7279: 7273: 7267: 7258: 7257:, pp. 33–34 7252: 7246: 7240: 7234: 7228: 7219: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7174: 7168: 7162: 7156: 7150: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7139: 7124: 7059: 7058: 7040: 7034: 7031: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7004: 6998: 6980: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6933: 6924: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6860:. Archived from 6849: 6843: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6813: 6807: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6770: 6761: 6755: 6749: 6743: 6737: 6730: 6724: 6721: 6715: 6709: 6700: 6695: 6689: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6659: 6653: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6614: 6603: 6596: 6590: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6533: 6527: 6526: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6483: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6462: 6456: 6450: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6420: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6360: 6354: 6348: 6342: 6336: 6330: 6324: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6245:. Archived from 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6218: 6212: 6206: 6200: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6147: 6138: 6137: 6109: 6103: 6098: 6092: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6059: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6018:"Panther's Side" 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5994:. Archived from 5983: 5977: 5971: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5927: 5921: 5914: 5908: 5901: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5884: 5873: 5865: 5859: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5787:. Archived from 5781: 5775: 5772: 5763: 5760: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5722: 5716: 5715: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5616: 5610:. Archived from 5609: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5584: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5552: 5535: 5534: 5506: 5500: 5486: 5475: 5472: 5466: 5459: 5453: 5448: 5442: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5421: 5413: 5404: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5380: 5374: 5365: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5283: 5277: 5276:, p. 40–42. 5271: 5265: 5247: 5241: 5233: 5220: 5214: 5197: 5191: 5182: 5176: 5167: 5162: 5156: 5150: 5144: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5064: 5058: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5018: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4961: 4955: 4950: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4901: 4895: 4889: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4856: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4818: 4809: 4803: 4800: 4784: 4781: 4775: 4760: 4754: 4747: 4741: 4738: 4702:1942 medium tank 4353:F-34 76.2 mm gun 4301:common goldeneye 4264:-turret T-34 as 4223:mobile artillery 4206: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4186: 4163: 4155: 3947: 3945: 3944: 3933: 3931: 3930: 3919: 3917: 3916: 3905: 3903: 3902: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3879: 3877: 3876: 3865: 3863: 3862: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3837: 3835: 3834: 3824: 3822: 3821: 3810: 3808: 3807: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3762: 3760: 3759: 3724: 3722: 3721: 3710: 3708: 3707: 3696: 3694: 3693: 3682: 3680: 3679: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3654: 3652: 3651: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3610: 3599: 3597: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3572: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3539: 3537: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3509: 3507: 3506: 3495: 3493: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3479: 3468: 3466: 3465: 3454: 3452: 3451: 3440: 3438: 3437: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3412: 3410: 3409: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3384:: 5 reported by 3380: 3378: 3377: 3366: 3364: 3363: 3352: 3350: 3349: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3310: 3308: 3307: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3263: 3261: 3260: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3235: 3233: 3232: 3225:: 10 as of 2023. 3221: 3219: 3218: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3189: 3187: 3186: 3158: 3152: 3069:Easter Offensive 2987:Turkish invasion 2884:Tiananmen Square 2878:T-34-85s of the 2270:in December 1942 2255: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2212: 2204: 2123:, destroyed two 2005:SU-85 and T-34: 1917: 1913: 1856:Dmitry Ryabyshev 1549: 1358:Fuel (internal) 1248:T-34 Model 1943 1245:T-34 Model 1942 1242:T-34 Model 1941 1239:T-34 Model 1940 1233: 930: 926: 910:Kirovsky Factory 851:Battle of France 809:leaders, to the 771:Medium tank A-32 751:light tanks had 632:models were the 490: 489:T-34 tank family 481: 474: 467: 458: 457: 448: 242: 182:Syrian Civil War 42: 33: 28: 27: 11719: 11718: 11714: 11713: 11712: 11710: 11709: 11708: 11674: 11673: 11672: 11667: 11629: 11485:Bob Semple tank 11460:AC3 Thunderbolt 11447: 11438: 11388: 11350: 11287: 11253:Stridsvagn m/42 11248:Stridsvagn m/41 11216:Sherman Firefly 11157: 11034: 11029: 10999: 10994: 10971: 10970: 10969: 10964: 10938: 10892: 10889: 10859: 10854: 10808: 10772: 10767: 10737: 10732: 10696: 10691: 10661: 10656: 10640: 10604: 10548: 10545: 10515: 10510: 10479: 10423: 10420: 10390: 10385: 10359: 10328: 10292: 10266: 10240: 10224: 10223:of World War II 10215: 10179: 10167: 10131:The 2018 movie 10120: 10060: 10055: 10049: 10012: 10001: 9964: 9947: 9945:Further reading 9942: 9933: 9931: 9927: 9911: 9909: 9905: 9889: 9887: 9866: 9847: 9815: 9796: 9777: 9758: 9738: 9718: 9699: 9680: 9661: 9642: 9620: 9606:Wright, Patrick 9578: 9552: 9550: 9537: 9526: 9524: 9511: 9504: 9484: 9464: 9420:Kassis, Samer, 9405: 9378: 9348: 9326: 9311: 9275: 9256: 9237: 9215: 9195: 9168: 9148: 9128: 9123: 9113: 9111: 9098: 9097: 9093: 9083: 9081: 9072: 9071: 9067: 9057: 9055: 9042: 9041: 9037: 9027:Wayback Machine 9018: 9014: 9000:Wayback Machine 8991: 8987: 8977: 8975: 8962: 8961: 8957: 8948: 8946: 8933: 8932: 8925: 8918: 8914: 8906: 8902: 8894: 8887: 8879: 8875: 8867: 8863: 8857:Wayback Machine 8847: 8843: 8834: 8830: 8822: 8818: 8810: 8806: 8788: 8787: 8783: 8773: 8771: 8756: 8752: 8742: 8740: 8731: 8730: 8726: 8718: 8714: 8706: 8702: 8693: 8689: 8680: 8676: 8666: 8664: 8654: 8650: 8640: 8638: 8632: 8631: 8627: 8620: 8606: 8602: 8589:. p. 316. 8579: 8575: 8565: 8563: 8544: 8540: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8513: 8509: 8508: 8504: 8494: 8492: 8483:(in Romanian). 8471: 8464: 8454: 8452: 8448: 8442: 8431: 8423: 8419: 8409: 8407: 8400: 8384: 8380: 8371: 8367: 8359: 8355: 8342: 8340: 8327: 8326: 8322: 8314: 8301: 8293: 8289: 8281: 8277: 8269: 8265: 8257: 8253: 8245: 8241: 8234: 8220: 8213: 8205: 8201: 8193: 8189: 8181: 8177: 8169: 8165: 8157: 8153: 8145: 8141: 8131: 8129: 8112: 8105: 8097: 8093: 8085: 8081: 8071: 8069: 8059: 8052: 8042: 8040: 8025: 8016: 8008: 8004: 7996: 7992: 7980: 7976: 7966: 7964: 7951: 7950: 7946: 7936: 7934: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7889: 7882: 7878: 7877: 7870: 7863: 7849: 7845: 7838: 7824: 7815: 7808: 7788: 7784: 7777: 7763: 7759: 7749: 7747: 7734: 7733: 7726: 7719: 7711:. Bibliopolis. 7705: 7701: 7694: 7680: 7676: 7669: 7655: 7651: 7644: 7630: 7626: 7616: 7614: 7605: 7604: 7600: 7595: 7591: 7584: 7570: 7566: 7556: 7554: 7549:. 20 May 1996. 7539: 7538: 7534: 7528:Wayback Machine 7518: 7514: 7507: 7493: 7484: 7477: 7463: 7459: 7452: 7438: 7434: 7427: 7413: 7409: 7402: 7388: 7384: 7377: 7357: 7353: 7346: 7324: 7320: 7313: 7299: 7288: 7280: 7276: 7268: 7261: 7253: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7229: 7222: 7214: 7210: 7202: 7198: 7188: 7186: 7175: 7171: 7163: 7159: 7151: 7147: 7137: 7135: 7126: 7125: 7062: 7055: 7041: 7037: 7032: 7028: 7018: 7016: 7005: 7001: 6991:Wayback Machine 6981: 6977: 6969: 6965: 6957: 6953: 6945: 6941: 6934: 6927: 6919: 6915: 6905: 6903: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6881: 6877: 6867: 6865: 6864:on 5 April 2018 6850: 6846: 6841: 6837: 6827: 6825: 6814: 6810: 6802: 6798: 6788: 6786: 6771: 6764: 6756: 6752: 6744: 6740: 6732:Bullock, Alan. 6731: 6727: 6723:Zaloga 1994:24. 6722: 6718: 6710: 6703: 6696: 6692: 6684: 6680: 6672: 6668: 6660: 6656: 6640: 6636: 6629: 6615: 6606: 6597: 6593: 6584: 6580: 6573: 6559: 6555: 6548: 6534: 6530: 6523: 6509: 6505: 6498: 6484: 6480: 6472: 6468: 6463: 6459: 6451: 6447: 6437: 6435: 6428:Tankarchives.ca 6422: 6421: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6377: 6375: 6362: 6361: 6357: 6349: 6345: 6337: 6333: 6325: 6321: 6313: 6309: 6301: 6297: 6289: 6285: 6277: 6273: 6266: 6262: 6252: 6250: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6228: 6224: 6219: 6215: 6207: 6203: 6198: 6194: 6183: 6179: 6148: 6141: 6110: 6106: 6099: 6095: 6090: 6086: 6076: 6074: 6067:Tankarchives.ca 6061: 6060: 6053: 6045: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6022:Tankarchives.ca 6016: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5984: 5980: 5972: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5928: 5924: 5915: 5911: 5902: 5898: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5862: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5832: 5828: 5820: 5816: 5808: 5804: 5794: 5792: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5749: 5745: 5735: 5733: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5712: 5698: 5694: 5684: 5682: 5673: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5656: 5647: 5646: 5642: 5634: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5614: 5607: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5585: 5578: 5568: 5566: 5553: 5538: 5507: 5503: 5487: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5460: 5456: 5449: 5445: 5440: 5436: 5428: 5424: 5414: 5407: 5403:Zaloga 1984:225 5402: 5398: 5390: 5383: 5375: 5368: 5359: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5335: 5331: 5323: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5300: 5284: 5280: 5272: 5268: 5248: 5244: 5234: 5223: 5215: 5200: 5192: 5185: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5159: 5151: 5147: 5139: 5135: 5127: 5120: 5112: 5108: 5100: 5096: 5088: 5084: 5076: 5072: 5065: 5061: 5052: 5048: 5040: 5036: 5029: 5025: 5016: 5014: 4999: 4995: 4987: 4983: 4976: 4962: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4934: 4932: 4927:. Nigel Askey. 4917: 4913: 4902: 4898: 4890: 4886: 4878: 4874: 4866: 4859: 4853:Wayback Machine 4844: 4840: 4832: 4821: 4810: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4761: 4757: 4748: 4744: 4739: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4715:Stridsvagn m/42 4629: 4604: 4513: 4504:tank destroyers 4431: 4254:T-34 Model 1939 4250:T-34 Model 1940 4219:tank destroyers 4207: 4196: 4190: 4187: 4176: 4164: 4153: 4147: 4124:black and white 3958: 3942: 3940: 3928: 3926: 3914: 3912: 3900: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3874: 3872: 3860: 3858: 3846: 3844: 3832: 3830: 3819: 3817: 3805: 3803: 3775: 3773: 3757: 3755: 3719: 3717: 3705: 3703: 3691: 3689: 3677: 3675: 3663: 3661: 3649: 3647: 3635: 3633: 3621: 3619: 3608: 3606: 3594: 3592: 3579: 3577: 3563: 3561: 3548: 3546: 3534: 3532: 3519: 3517: 3504: 3502: 3490: 3488: 3477: 3475: 3463: 3461: 3449: 3447: 3435: 3433: 3421: 3419: 3407: 3405: 3393: 3391: 3375: 3373: 3361: 3359: 3347: 3345: 3333: 3331: 3319: 3317: 3305: 3303: 3288: 3272: 3270: 3258: 3256: 3244: 3242: 3230: 3228: 3216: 3214: 3198: 3196: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3168:T-34-85 of the 3160: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3148:T-34 operators 3142: 3118: 3109: 3089: 3053: 3039: 3003: 2968: 2909: 2872: 2848: 2824: 2793:Sinai Peninsula 2773: 2757:Royal Engineers 2719: 2705: 2700: 2694:armoured cars. 2645: 2549: 2529: 2523: 2465: 2362: 2342:Battle of Kursk 2328:in January 1944 2256: 2245: 2239: 2236: 2225: 2213: 2202: 2064: 2058: 2053: 1847: 1798: 1755: 1668: 1536:appliqué armour 1520: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1444: 1443:150–210 km 1439: 1438:160–310 km 1434: 1429: 1428:200–260 km 1424: 1414: 1413:240–300 km 1409: 1408:300–485 km 1404: 1399: 1398:330–450 km 1394: 1384: 1379: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1221:IS-2 heavy tank 1205:tank destroyers 1184: 1179: 898: 896:Mass production 835: 811:Mannerheim Line 679:Mikhail Koshkin 626: 621: 591:Replacing many 581:armoured forces 535: 530: 492: 488: 485: 440: 439:Cross-country: 438: 436: 432: 430: 396: 377:DT machine guns 372: 370: 357: 355: 347: 345: 343: 341: 339: 337: 335: 333: 331: 320: 283: 249: 247: 234: 232: 219: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 75:In service 70:Service history 45: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11717: 11707: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11669: 11668: 11656: 11655: 11645: 11634: 11631: 11630: 11628: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11595:Type 98 Chi-Ho 11592: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11500:Medium Tank M7 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11451: 11449: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11420: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11398: 11396: 11390: 11389: 11387: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11360: 11358: 11352: 11351: 11349: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11297: 11295: 11289: 11288: 11286: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11219: 11218: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11171:Turán I and II 11167: 11165: 11159: 11158: 11156: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11044: 11042: 11036: 11035: 11028: 11027: 11020: 11013: 11005: 10996: 10995: 10993: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10976: 10973: 10972: 10966: 10965: 10963: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10946: 10944: 10940: 10939: 10937: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10900: 10898: 10894: 10893: 10888: 10887: 10880: 10873: 10865: 10856: 10855: 10853: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10830:S-65 Stalinets 10827: 10825:S-60 Stalinets 10822: 10816: 10814: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10780: 10778: 10774: 10773: 10766: 10765: 10758: 10751: 10743: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10704: 10702: 10698: 10697: 10690: 10689: 10682: 10675: 10667: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10654: 10648: 10646: 10642: 10641: 10639: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10612: 10610: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10556: 10554: 10550: 10549: 10544: 10543: 10536: 10529: 10521: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10487: 10485: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10431: 10429: 10425: 10424: 10419: 10418: 10411: 10404: 10396: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10367: 10365: 10361: 10360: 10358: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10336: 10334: 10330: 10329: 10327: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10300: 10298: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10274: 10272: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10248: 10246: 10242: 10241: 10239: 10238: 10232: 10230: 10226: 10225: 10214: 10213: 10206: 10199: 10191: 10185: 10184: 10181: 10180: 10166: 10165: 10158: 10151: 10143: 10137: 10136: 10129: 10124: 10115: 10109: 10100: 10094: 10088: 10082: 10076: 10066: 10059: 10058:External links 10056: 10054: 10053: 10047: 10029: 10005: 9999: 9986: 9977: 9968: 9962: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9940: 9918: 9896: 9870: 9864: 9851: 9845: 9828: 9819: 9813: 9800: 9794: 9781: 9775: 9762: 9756: 9743: 9737:978-0750917407 9736: 9722: 9716: 9703: 9697: 9684: 9678: 9665: 9659: 9646: 9640: 9632:T-34 in Action 9624: 9618: 9602: 9582: 9576: 9560: 9534: 9508: 9502: 9489: 9482: 9468: 9462: 9449: 9445:978-1853672804 9432: 9418: 9409: 9403: 9390: 9376: 9360: 9346: 9330: 9324: 9315: 9309: 9296: 9279: 9273: 9260: 9255:978-0760313022 9254: 9241: 9235: 9220: 9213: 9205:T-34 in action 9199: 9193: 9177:Coox, Alvin D. 9173: 9167:978-0853682028 9166: 9152: 9147:978-0415407731 9146: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9121: 9104:bermondsey.org 9091: 9065: 9048:English Russia 9035: 9012: 8985: 8955: 8923: 8920:Wachowski 2004 8912: 8900: 8885: 8873: 8861: 8841: 8828: 8816: 8804: 8781: 8750: 8724: 8712: 8700: 8687: 8674: 8648: 8625: 8618: 8600: 8573: 8538: 8502: 8462: 8440: 8417: 8398: 8378: 8376:(2003), p. 73. 8365: 8363:, p. 416. 8353: 8333:beutepanzer.ru 8329:"Italian army" 8320: 8299: 8287: 8285:, p. 179. 8275: 8273:, p. 299. 8263: 8261:, p. 362. 8251: 8249:, p. 350. 8239: 8232: 8211: 8209:, p. 412. 8199: 8197:, p. 467. 8187: 8185:, p. 458. 8175: 8173:, p. 456. 8163: 8161:, p. 444. 8151: 8139: 8103: 8091: 8079: 8050: 8014: 8002: 8000:, p. 433. 7990: 7974: 7944: 7914: 7903: 7868: 7861: 7843: 7836: 7813: 7806: 7782: 7775: 7757: 7724: 7717: 7699: 7692: 7674: 7667: 7649: 7642: 7624: 7598: 7589: 7583:978-9623619097 7582: 7564: 7532: 7512: 7505: 7482: 7475: 7457: 7450: 7432: 7425: 7407: 7400: 7382: 7375: 7351: 7344: 7318: 7311: 7286: 7274: 7259: 7247: 7235: 7220: 7208: 7196: 7169: 7157: 7145: 7060: 7053: 7035: 7026: 6999: 6975: 6963: 6951: 6939: 6925: 6913: 6887: 6875: 6858:Achtung Panzer 6844: 6835: 6808: 6796: 6781:(in Russian). 6779:World of Tanks 6762: 6760:, p. 119. 6750: 6738: 6725: 6716: 6701: 6690: 6678: 6666: 6654: 6651:978-1591140290 6634: 6628:978-0811716598 6627: 6604: 6598:Carell, Paul. 6591: 6578: 6571: 6553: 6546: 6528: 6521: 6503: 6496: 6478: 6466: 6464:Zaloga 1995:9. 6457: 6445: 6415: 6385: 6355: 6343: 6331: 6319: 6307: 6295: 6283: 6271: 6260: 6234: 6222: 6213: 6201: 6192: 6177: 6139: 6104: 6093: 6084: 6051: 6039: 6009: 5978: 5961: 5949: 5922: 5909: 5896: 5860: 5851: 5844: 5826: 5814: 5802: 5785:"Pantherfibel" 5776: 5774:Jentz 1995:128 5764: 5755: 5743: 5717: 5710: 5692: 5666: 5640: 5628: 5596: 5576: 5536: 5501: 5476: 5467: 5454: 5443: 5434: 5422: 5405: 5396: 5381: 5366: 5353: 5341: 5329: 5317: 5298: 5278: 5266: 5252:, p. 14, 5242: 5221: 5198: 5183: 5168: 5157: 5145: 5133: 5118: 5106: 5094: 5082: 5070: 5059: 5046: 5034: 5023: 4993: 4981: 4974: 4956: 4942: 4919:Askey, Nigel. 4911: 4896: 4884: 4872: 4857: 4838: 4819: 4804: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4776: 4755: 4742: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4679: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4615: 4610: 4603: 4600: 4562:'s 1969 movie 4560:Sydney Pollack 4551:Kelly's Heroes 4512: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4493: 4492: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4461: 4447: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4391: 4373: 4372: 4362: 4356: 4342: 4316:Yad La-Shiryon 4209: 4208: 4167: 4165: 4158: 4149:Main article: 4146: 4143: 3968:of 1944, near 3957: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3938: 3924: 3910: 3896: 3884: 3870: 3856: 3842: 3828: 3815: 3800: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3771: 3770:the first two. 3768:heavily modify 3730: 3729: 3715: 3701: 3687: 3673: 3659: 3645: 3631: 3617: 3604: 3590: 3574: 3558: 3544: 3530: 3514: 3500: 3486: 3473: 3459: 3456:Czechoslovakia 3445: 3431: 3417: 3403: 3389: 3371: 3357: 3343: 3329: 3315: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3268: 3254: 3240: 3226: 3212: 3194: 3178: 3175: 3155: 3149: 3141: 3138: 3117: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3088: 3085: 3052: 3049: 3038: 3035: 3002: 2999: 2967: 2964: 2908: 2905: 2871: 2868: 2847: 2844: 2823: 2820: 2797:Yom Kippur War 2772: 2769: 2744:(SVK) and the 2715:in early 1996. 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2644: 2641: 2560:United Nations 2548: 2545: 2525:Main article: 2522: 2519: 2475:, January 1944 2464: 2461: 2361: 2358: 2258: 2257: 2216: 2214: 2207: 2201: 2198: 2110:Heinz Guderian 2090:KV heavy tanks 2060:Main article: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1846: 1843: 1797: 1794: 1754: 1751: 1701:high explosive 1667: 1664: 1594:50 mm gun 1590:37 mm gun 1519: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1483:15–120 mm 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1435:(110 mi) 1431: 1426: 1425:(120 mi) 1421: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1405:(150 mi) 1401: 1396: 1395:(210 mi) 1391: 1387: 1386: 1383:500–642 L 1381: 1378:556–935 L 1376: 1374: 1371:460–790 L 1369: 1366:460–610 L 1364: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1255: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1167:Czechoslovakia 1165:(1951–55) and 1148:tank divisions 1056:Ural Mountains 1038: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1006: 1005: 1000: 994: 993: 990: 986: 985: 982: 978: 977: 974: 970: 969: 964: 958: 957: 952: 946: 945: 942: 938: 937: 934: 897: 894: 834: 831: 753:diesel engines 625: 622: 620: 617: 532: 531: 529: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 497: 494: 493: 484: 483: 476: 469: 461: 453: 452: 449: 447:Maximum speed 443: 442: 433: 428: 425: 424: 421: 417: 416: 411: 407: 406: 403: 399: 398: 384: 380: 379: 373: 368: 365: 364: 358: 353: 350: 349: 328: 322: 321: 317: 316: 313: 309: 308: 305: 301: 300: 297: 293: 292: 289: 285: 284: 282: 281: 278: 274: 272: 268: 267: 263: 262: 256: 252: 251: 250:48,950 T-34-85 244: 237: 236: 229: 225: 224: 216: 215:Unit cost 212: 211: 208: 204: 203: 198: 194: 193: 189: 188: 134:Yom Kippur War 95: 91: 90: 84: 80: 79: 76: 72: 71: 67: 66: 61: 57: 56: 51: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11716: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11666: 11665: 11661: 11654: 11646: 11644: 11636: 11635: 11632: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11605:Type 5 Chi-Ri 11603: 11601: 11600:Type 4 Chi-To 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11495:Heavy Tank M6 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11452: 11450: 11448:experimentals 11445: 11441: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11404: 11403: 11400: 11399: 11397: 11395: 11391: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11357: 11353: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11306:Cruiser Mk IV 11304: 11302: 11299: 11298: 11296: 11294: 11290: 11284: 11283:Type 3 Chi-Nu 11281: 11279: 11278:Type 3 Ka-Chi 11276: 11274: 11273:Type 1 Chi-He 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11217: 11214: 11213: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11176:43M Turán III 11174: 11172: 11169: 11168: 11166: 11164: 11160: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11138:Type 98 Ke-Ni 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11041: 11037: 11033: 11026: 11021: 11019: 11014: 11012: 11007: 11006: 11003: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10977: 10974: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10941: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10895: 10886: 10881: 10879: 10874: 10872: 10867: 10866: 10863: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10820:S-2 Stalinets 10818: 10817: 10815: 10811: 10805: 10804:Voroshilovets 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10775: 10771: 10764: 10759: 10757: 10752: 10750: 10745: 10744: 10741: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10705: 10703: 10699: 10695: 10688: 10683: 10681: 10676: 10674: 10669: 10668: 10665: 10653: 10650: 10649: 10647: 10643: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10607: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10557: 10555: 10551: 10542: 10537: 10535: 10530: 10528: 10523: 10522: 10519: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10488: 10486: 10482: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10426: 10417: 10412: 10410: 10405: 10403: 10398: 10397: 10394: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10368: 10366: 10362: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10337: 10335: 10331: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10301: 10299: 10295: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10269: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10243: 10237: 10234: 10233: 10231: 10227: 10222: 10219: 10212: 10207: 10205: 10200: 10198: 10193: 10192: 10189: 10182: 10178: 10174: 10171: 10164: 10159: 10157: 10152: 10150: 10145: 10144: 10141: 10134: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10119: 10116: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10104: 10101: 10098: 10095: 10092: 10089: 10086: 10083: 10080: 10077: 10074: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10061: 10050: 10048:0-345-24440-0 10044: 10040: 10039: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10022: 10018: 10011: 10006: 10002: 10000:1-85532-843-7 9996: 9992: 9987: 9983: 9978: 9974: 9969: 9965: 9963:1-85260-114-0 9959: 9955: 9950: 9949: 9926: 9925: 9919: 9904: 9903: 9897: 9885: 9884: 9879: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9865:9781780960562 9861: 9857: 9852: 9848: 9846:5-94038-013-1 9842: 9838: 9834: 9829: 9825: 9820: 9816: 9814:9780811714372 9810: 9806: 9801: 9797: 9791: 9787: 9782: 9778: 9772: 9768: 9763: 9759: 9757:1-84176-792-1 9753: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9733: 9729: 9723: 9719: 9717:962-361-615-5 9713: 9709: 9704: 9700: 9698:1-85532-535-7 9694: 9690: 9685: 9681: 9679:1-85532-382-6 9675: 9671: 9666: 9662: 9660:0-85368-606-8 9656: 9652: 9647: 9643: 9641:0-89747-112-1 9637: 9633: 9629: 9625: 9621: 9619:0-670-03070-8 9615: 9611: 9607: 9603: 9600: 9596: 9592: 9588: 9583: 9579: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9564:Solonin, Mark 9561: 9548: 9544: 9540: 9535: 9522: 9518: 9514: 9509: 9505: 9503:0-7137-1735-1 9499: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9483:0-8117-1493-4 9479: 9475: 9469: 9465: 9459: 9455: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9433: 9431: 9430:9953-0-0705-5 9427: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9410: 9406: 9404:1-85532-337-0 9400: 9396: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9377:9781032508955 9373: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9347:9780429333590 9343: 9339: 9335: 9331: 9327: 9321: 9316: 9312: 9306: 9302: 9297: 9293: 9292:0-521-89424-7 9289: 9285: 9280: 9276: 9274:0-385-15090-3 9270: 9266: 9261: 9257: 9251: 9247: 9242: 9238: 9236:0-7146-5178-8 9232: 9228: 9227: 9221: 9216: 9214:1-84415-243-X 9210: 9206: 9200: 9196: 9194:0-8047-1835-0 9190: 9186: 9182: 9178: 9174: 9169: 9163: 9159: 9153: 9149: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9134:Buckley, John 9131: 9130: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9095: 9079: 9075: 9069: 9053: 9049: 9045: 9039: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9021: 9016: 9009: 9008:Komatsu Times 9005: 9001: 8997: 8994: 8989: 8983:Cross of Iron 8973: 8969: 8965: 8959: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8930: 8928: 8921: 8916: 8909: 8904: 8897: 8892: 8890: 8882: 8877: 8870: 8865: 8858: 8854: 8851: 8845: 8838: 8832: 8825: 8820: 8813: 8808: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8785: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8754: 8738: 8734: 8728: 8721: 8716: 8710:, p. 379 8709: 8704: 8697: 8691: 8684: 8678: 8663: 8659: 8652: 8637: 8636: 8629: 8621: 8615: 8611: 8604: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8577: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8542: 8523: 8519: 8512: 8506: 8490: 8486: 8482: 8481: 8476: 8469: 8467: 8447: 8443: 8437: 8430: 8429: 8421: 8405: 8401: 8399:9781854092670 8395: 8391: 8390: 8382: 8375: 8369: 8362: 8357: 8350: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8324: 8317: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8297:, p. 78. 8296: 8291: 8284: 8279: 8272: 8267: 8260: 8255: 8248: 8243: 8235: 8229: 8225: 8218: 8216: 8208: 8203: 8196: 8191: 8184: 8179: 8172: 8167: 8160: 8155: 8148: 8143: 8127: 8124:(in French). 8123: 8122: 8121:Jeune Afrique 8117: 8110: 8108: 8100: 8095: 8088: 8083: 8068: 8064: 8057: 8055: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8011: 8006: 7999: 7994: 7987: 7983: 7978: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7948: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7918: 7912: 7907: 7888: 7881: 7875: 7873: 7864: 7858: 7854: 7847: 7839: 7833: 7829: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7809: 7803: 7799: 7795: 7794: 7786: 7778: 7772: 7768: 7761: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7731: 7729: 7720: 7718:3-933925-76-2 7714: 7710: 7703: 7695: 7689: 7685: 7678: 7670: 7664: 7660: 7653: 7645: 7639: 7635: 7628: 7612: 7608: 7602: 7593: 7585: 7579: 7575: 7568: 7552: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7536: 7529: 7525: 7522: 7516: 7508: 7502: 7498: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7478: 7472: 7468: 7461: 7453: 7447: 7443: 7436: 7428: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7403: 7397: 7393: 7386: 7378: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7363: 7355: 7347: 7341: 7337: 7332: 7331: 7322: 7314: 7308: 7304: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7283: 7278: 7272:, p. 39. 7271: 7266: 7264: 7256: 7251: 7244: 7239: 7233:, p. 135 7232: 7227: 7225: 7217: 7212: 7205: 7200: 7184: 7180: 7173: 7166: 7161: 7154: 7149: 7133: 7129: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7056: 7050: 7046: 7039: 7030: 7014: 7010: 7003: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6985: 6979: 6972: 6967: 6960: 6955: 6948: 6943: 6937: 6932: 6930: 6922: 6917: 6901: 6897: 6891: 6885:, p. 166 6884: 6879: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6848: 6839: 6823: 6819: 6812: 6805: 6800: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6769: 6767: 6759: 6754: 6748:, p. 126 6747: 6742: 6735: 6729: 6720: 6714:, p. 127 6713: 6708: 6706: 6699: 6694: 6687: 6682: 6676:, p. 170 6675: 6670: 6663: 6658: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6638: 6630: 6624: 6620: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6601: 6595: 6588: 6582: 6574: 6568: 6564: 6563:Panzer Leader 6557: 6549: 6543: 6539: 6532: 6524: 6518: 6514: 6507: 6499: 6497:0-297-79462-0 6493: 6489: 6482: 6476:, p. 126 6475: 6470: 6461: 6455:, p. 567 6454: 6453:Erickson 2001 6449: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6353:, p. 309 6352: 6347: 6341:, p. 308 6340: 6335: 6328: 6323: 6317:, p. 40. 6316: 6311: 6304: 6299: 6292: 6287: 6281:, p. 137 6280: 6275: 6269: 6264: 6248: 6244: 6238: 6231: 6226: 6220:Zaloga, p. 39 6217: 6211:, p. 63. 6210: 6205: 6196: 6188: 6181: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6146: 6144: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6108: 6102: 6097: 6088: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6056: 6048: 6043: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6013: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5982: 5975: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5958: 5953: 5937: 5933: 5926: 5919: 5913: 5906: 5900: 5881: 5877: 5870: 5864: 5855: 5847: 5841: 5837: 5830: 5823: 5818: 5811: 5806: 5790: 5786: 5780: 5771: 5769: 5759: 5752: 5747: 5731: 5727: 5721: 5713: 5707: 5703: 5696: 5680: 5676: 5670: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5637: 5632: 5613: 5606: 5600: 5592: 5591: 5583: 5581: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5505: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5471: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5447: 5438: 5432:, p. 220 5431: 5426: 5420: 5417: 5412: 5410: 5400: 5393: 5388: 5386: 5379:, p. 131 5378: 5373: 5371: 5363: 5357: 5350: 5345: 5338: 5333: 5326: 5321: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5291: 5290: 5282: 5275: 5270: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5246: 5240: 5237: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5218: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5195: 5190: 5188: 5181:, p. 130 5180: 5175: 5173: 5166: 5165:Zaloga 1994:4 5161: 5154: 5149: 5143:, p. 998 5142: 5137: 5130: 5125: 5123: 5116:, p. 111 5115: 5110: 5103: 5098: 5092:, p. 309 5091: 5086: 5080:, p. 311 5079: 5074: 5068: 5063: 5056: 5050: 5043: 5038: 5032: 5027: 5012: 5009:, p. 5, 5008: 5007:The Athenaeum 5004: 4997: 4990: 4985: 4977: 4971: 4967: 4960: 4954: 4953:Harrison 2002 4949: 4947: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4915: 4907: 4900: 4894:, p. 184 4893: 4888: 4882:, p. 184 4881: 4876: 4869: 4864: 4862: 4854: 4850: 4847: 4842: 4835: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4817: 4813: 4808: 4799: 4795: 4790: 4789: 4780: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4752: 4746: 4737: 4733: 4722: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4697: 4696:Type 4 Chi-To 4693: 4691: 4690:Type 3 Chi-Nu 4687: 4684: 4680: 4678: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4666: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4648: 4644: 4642: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4631: 4621: 4620: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4494: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4337:76.2 mm 4336: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4238:Steven Zaloga 4235: 4230: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4205: 4202: 4194: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4168:This section 4166: 4162: 4157: 4156: 4152: 4151:T-34 variants 4142: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4101:Polish writer 4098: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4080:Prague Spring 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4045:Josef Kneifel 4042: 4038: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4011: 4007: 4002: 3995: 3993: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3950: 3939: 3936: 3925: 3922: 3911: 3908: 3897: 3895: 3885: 3882: 3871: 3868: 3857: 3854: 3843: 3840: 3829: 3827: 3816: 3813: 3802: 3801: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3754: 3753: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3727: 3716: 3713: 3702: 3699: 3688: 3685: 3674: 3671: 3660: 3657: 3646: 3643: 3632: 3629: 3618: 3616: 3605: 3602: 3591: 3587: 3575: 3573:: 2 Captured. 3571: 3559: 3556: 3545: 3542: 3531: 3527: 3515: 3512: 3501: 3498: 3487: 3485: 3474: 3471: 3460: 3457: 3446: 3443: 3432: 3429: 3418: 3415: 3404: 3401: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3372: 3369: 3358: 3355: 3344: 3341: 3330: 3327: 3316: 3313: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3280: 3269: 3266: 3255: 3252: 3241: 3238: 3227: 3224: 3223:Guinea-Bissau 3213: 3210: 3206: 3195: 3193:: In reserve. 3192: 3181: 3180: 3171: 3166: 3153: Current 3146: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3113: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3034: 3032: 3031:Namibian Army 3028: 3024: 3019: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3005:In 1984, the 2998: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2963: 2960: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2913: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2895:PRC received 2893: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2854:. During the 2853: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2819: 2817: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2777: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2738:Yugoslav Wars 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2714: 2709: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2640: 2636: 2634: 2628: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2544: 2542: 2541:Kwantung Army 2538: 2534: 2528: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2469: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2451: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2366: 2357: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2277: 2276:7.5 cm Pak 40 2269: 2264: 2254: 2251: 2243: 2233: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2217:This section 2215: 2211: 2206: 2205: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2188:Steven Zaloga 2185: 2181: 2180:crew training 2177: 2173: 2164: 2160: 2152: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2121:3.7 cm PaK 36 2118: 2117:sloped armour 2113: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2076: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2030: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2004: 2003: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1918: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1896: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1842: 1838: 1836: 1835: 1827: 1823: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1803: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1781:Diesel engine 1779: 1775: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1702: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1682:in background 1681: 1677: 1672: 1663: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1615: 1614:7.5 cm KwK 40 1611: 1610:8.8 cm Pak 43 1607: 1606:7.5 cm Pak 40 1602: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1556: 1551: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1532:sloped armour 1524: 1515: 1508: 1506:164,000 Rbls 1505: 1503: 1501:135,000 Rbls 1500: 1498:193,000 Rbls 1497: 1495:270,000 Rbls 1494: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1482: 1478:20–90 mm 1477: 1473:16–90 mm 1472: 1468:20–70 mm 1467: 1463:20–65 mm 1462: 1458:20–52 mm 1457: 1453:15–45 mm 1452: 1449: 1448: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1419: 1418: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1389: 1388: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1188: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1134: 1129: 1125: 1123: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1100: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 995: 991: 988: 987: 983: 980: 979: 975: 972: 971: 968: 965: 963: 960: 959: 956: 953: 951: 948: 947: 943: 940: 939: 935: 932: 931: 925: 923: 919: 915: 911: 902: 893: 891: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 866: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 839: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 794: 792: 787: 783: 778: 777:Joseph Stalin 769: 765: 762: 758: 754: 750: 749: 745: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 718: 716: 715:sloped armour 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 673:In 1937, the 668: 664: 660: 658: 654: 653:Vickers 6-Ton 650: 646: 645:cavalry tanks 642: 638: 637:infantry tank 635: 631: 616: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 589: 587: 582: 579: 574: 572: 568: 564: 563:Eastern Front 560: 556: 555:sloped armour 552: 548: 544: 540: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 501:T-34 variants 499: 498: 495: 491: 482: 477: 475: 470: 468: 463: 462: 459: 450: 444: 434: 426: 422: 418: 415: 412: 408: 404: 400: 395: 394:Diesel engine 392: 388: 385: 381: 378: 374: 366: 363: 362:F-34 tank gun 359: 351: 329: 327: 323: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 279: 276: 275: 273: 269: 264: 261: 260:T-34 variants 257: 253: 245: 238: 230: 226: 223: 217: 213: 209: 205: 202: 199: 195: 190: 187: 183: 179: 178:Yugoslav Wars 175: 174:Iran-Iraq War 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 96: 92: 89:and 39 others 88: 85: 81: 77: 73: 68: 65: 62: 58: 55: 52: 48: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 11658:Background: 11657: 11615:Type 5 To-Ku 11610:Type 5 Ke-Ho 11505:Nahuel DL 43 11480:Black Prince 11301:AC1 Sentinel 11257: 11223:M26 Pershing 11206:M3 Lee/Grant 11153:Type 4 Ke-Nu 11148:Type 2 Ka-Mi 11143:Type 2 Ke-To 11133:Panzer 35(t) 11068:M3/M5 Stuart 10934:PPG tankette 10897:Experimental 10547:Armored cars 10344: 10177:World War II 10121:(in Russian) 10036: 10016: 9990: 9981: 9972: 9953: 9934:26 September 9932:. Retrieved 9923: 9912:26 September 9910:. Retrieved 9901: 9890:26 September 9888:. Retrieved 9882: 9855: 9836: 9832: 9823: 9804: 9785: 9766: 9747: 9727: 9707: 9688: 9669: 9650: 9631: 9609: 9590: 9586: 9567: 9551:. Retrieved 9547:the original 9542: 9525:. Retrieved 9521:the original 9516: 9493: 9473: 9453: 9436: 9421: 9394: 9300: 9283: 9264: 9245: 9225: 9204: 9180: 9157: 9137: 9112:. Retrieved 9103: 9094: 9082:. Retrieved 9078:the original 9068: 9056:. Retrieved 9047: 9038: 9030: 9015: 9007: 9003: 8988: 8976:, retrieved 8967: 8958: 8947:, retrieved 8938: 8915: 8910:, p. 14 8903: 8898:, p. 45 8876: 8871:, p. 42 8864: 8844: 8836: 8831: 8819: 8814:, p. 19 8807: 8798:the original 8793: 8784: 8772:. Retrieved 8764:Scotsman.com 8763: 8753: 8741:. Retrieved 8737:the original 8733:"Eksponat12" 8727: 8715: 8703: 8695: 8690: 8682: 8677: 8665:. Retrieved 8661: 8651: 8639:. Retrieved 8634: 8628: 8610:World Armies 8609: 8603: 8582: 8576: 8564:. Retrieved 8555: 8551: 8541: 8529:. Retrieved 8522:the original 8505: 8493:. Retrieved 8484: 8478: 8453:. Retrieved 8446:the original 8427: 8420: 8408:. Retrieved 8388: 8381: 8373: 8368: 8356: 8348: 8341:. Retrieved 8337:the original 8332: 8323: 8318:, p. 34 8290: 8278: 8266: 8254: 8242: 8223: 8202: 8190: 8178: 8166: 8154: 8142: 8130:. Retrieved 8119: 8094: 8082: 8070:. Retrieved 8066: 8041:. Retrieved 8032: 8005: 7993: 7985: 7977: 7965:. Retrieved 7956: 7947: 7935:. Retrieved 7926: 7917: 7906: 7894:. Retrieved 7887:the original 7852: 7846: 7827: 7792: 7785: 7766: 7760: 7748:. Retrieved 7739: 7708: 7702: 7683: 7677: 7658: 7652: 7633: 7627: 7615:. Retrieved 7601: 7592: 7573: 7567: 7555:. Retrieved 7544: 7535: 7515: 7496: 7466: 7460: 7441: 7435: 7416: 7410: 7391: 7385: 7361: 7354: 7329: 7321: 7302: 7277: 7250: 7245:, p. 36 7238: 7231:Perrett 1987 7216:Perrett 1987 7211: 7199: 7189:26 September 7187:. Retrieved 7182: 7172: 7160: 7155:, p. 1. 7148: 7136:. Retrieved 7044: 7038: 7029: 7017:. Retrieved 7002: 6994: 6982:Tom Philo, " 6978: 6966: 6961:, p. 37 6954: 6942: 6916: 6904:. Retrieved 6890: 6878: 6866:. Retrieved 6862:the original 6857: 6847: 6838: 6826:. Retrieved 6822:the original 6811: 6799: 6787:. Retrieved 6778: 6753: 6741: 6733: 6728: 6719: 6693: 6681: 6669: 6662:Solonin 2007 6657: 6642: 6637: 6618: 6599: 6594: 6586: 6581: 6562: 6556: 6537: 6531: 6512: 6506: 6487: 6481: 6469: 6460: 6448: 6436:. Retrieved 6427: 6418: 6406:. Retrieved 6397: 6388: 6376:. Retrieved 6367: 6358: 6346: 6334: 6329:, p. 42 6322: 6310: 6305:, p. 43 6298: 6286: 6274: 6263: 6251:. Retrieved 6247:the original 6237: 6225: 6216: 6204: 6195: 6189:, p. 29 6186: 6180: 6155: 6151: 6117: 6113: 6107: 6096: 6087: 6075:. Retrieved 6066: 6049:, p. 20 6042: 6030:. Retrieved 6021: 6012: 6000:. Retrieved 5996:the original 5991: 5981: 5976:, p. 40 5952: 5940:. Retrieved 5925: 5917: 5912: 5904: 5899: 5887:. Retrieved 5875: 5863: 5854: 5835: 5829: 5824:, p. 20 5817: 5812:, p. 20 5805: 5793:. Retrieved 5789:the original 5779: 5758: 5753:, p. 43 5746: 5734:. Retrieved 5730:the original 5720: 5701: 5695: 5683:. Retrieved 5679:the original 5669: 5657:. Retrieved 5643: 5638:, p. 12 5631: 5619:. Retrieved 5612:the original 5599: 5589: 5567:, retrieved 5563:the original 5557: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5470: 5462: 5457: 5446: 5437: 5425: 5415: 5399: 5394:, p. 18 5356: 5351:, p. 23 5344: 5339:, p. 13 5332: 5327:, p. 17 5320: 5308:. Retrieved 5288: 5281: 5269: 5245: 5235: 5219:, p. 14 5160: 5148: 5136: 5109: 5097: 5085: 5073: 5062: 5054: 5049: 5037: 5026: 5015:, retrieved 5006: 4996: 4984: 4965: 4959: 4933:. Retrieved 4924: 4914: 4905: 4899: 4887: 4875: 4841: 4836:, p. 18 4807: 4798: 4779: 4768:transmission 4764:Mikulin M-17 4758: 4745: 4736: 4617: 4585: 4570: 4563: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4530: 4495: 4463: 4453: 4449: 4444:flamethrower 4421: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4393: 4383: 4376: 4374: 4369:Mickey Mouse 4364: 4358: 4344: 4330: 4323: 4321: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4265: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4231: 4227: 4197: 4188: 4177:Please help 4172:verification 4169: 4128: 4090: 4089: 4061: 4034: 4015: 3991: 3980:side of the 3826:Soviet Union 3541:East Germany 3513:: 9 captured 3159: Former 3119: 3110: 3090: 3054: 3042: 3040: 3020: 3004: 2969: 2959:Fidel Castro 2956: 2933: 2918: 2889: 2849: 2825: 2813: 2782: 2750: 2718: 2681: 2662: 2657:Johannesburg 2637: 2629: 2599:M26 Pershing 2580: 2530: 2516: 2493: 2484: 2478: 2454: 2446: 2441:World War II 2433: 2415: 2399:M1939 (52-K) 2395: 2375: 2354: 2331: 2314:Czechoslovak 2307: 2296: 2288: 2281: 2273: 2246: 2237: 2226:Please help 2221:verification 2218: 2193: 2169: 2157: 2128: 2114: 2101: 2079: 2038: 2034: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2000: 1998: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1891: 1886: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1861: 1848: 1840: 1832: 1829: 1824: 1817: 1807: 1799: 1790: 1776:38.8 L 1774:Model V-2-34 1771: 1747: 1743: 1722: 1717: 1705: 1685: 1657: 1645: 1634: 1630:Pantherfibel 1629: 1626:Panther tank 1621: 1619: 1603: 1586: 1559: 1552: 1539: 1530:The heavily 1529: 1513: 1302:(35.2 tons) 1287:(34.1 tons) 1282:(31.4 tons) 1277:(29.2 tons) 1225:M26 Pershing 1197: 1193: 1160: 1156: 1145: 1138: 1113:Evgeny Paton 1101: 1088: 1075: 1064:Nizhny Tagil 1041: 1026: 1021: 1014: 1009: 1002: 997: 973:KV and KV-85 966: 961: 954: 949: 907: 887: 867: 844: 795: 782:field trials 774: 747: 743: 719: 699:Model V-2-34 685:(KhPZ). The 672: 627: 590: 575: 547:World War II 541:is a Soviet 538: 536: 487: 402:Power/weight 389:38.8 L 387:Model V-2-34 98:World War II 87:Soviet Union 83:Used by 64:Soviet Union 25: 11384:Type 2 Ho-I 11088:Renault R40 11078:M24 Chaffee 11048:Toldi tanks 10929:SU-100Y SPG 10794:Komsomolets 10085:The T-34-85 9058:15 November 9031:Otsing Club 8896:Zaloga 1994 8869:Zaloga 1994 8812:Zaloga 1994 8708:Wright 2001 8516:. Langley: 8343:15 November 8149:, p. 6 8147:Zaloga 2004 7988:2019, p.293 7937:16 December 7282:Zaloga 2010 7183:Osprey Blog 7165:Glantz 1983 7138:24 December 6973:, p. 6 6906:15 November 6868:22 December 6806:, p. 5 6746:Zaloga 1994 6351:Zaloga 2015 6339:Zaloga 2015 6120:: 204–205. 5974:Zaloga 1994 5942:15 November 5795:14 November 5736:25 February 5685:25 February 5659:25 February 5636:Zaloga 1994 5621:6 September 5569:23 November 5517:: 186–214. 5497:KMDB (2006) 5349:Zaloga 1994 5262:KMDB (2006) 5196:, p. 6 5155:, p. 6 5131:, p. 6 5129:Zaloga 1994 5067:Zaloga 2007 4935:16 December 4870:, p. 5 4868:Zaloga 1994 4812:Zaloga 2015 4565:Castle Keep 4534:Third World 4500:57-mm ZiS-4 4458:Mine roller 4116:Soviet-bloc 4084:David Černý 4037:East German 4008:during the 3984:. A Soviet 3921:South Yemen 3907:North Yemen 3312:Afghanistan 3251:North Korea 3067:, the 1972 3057:Vietnam War 3055:During the 2979:Greek junta 2892:Factory 617 2852:Afghanistan 2846:Afghanistan 2832:East German 2828:Warsaw Pact 2822:Warsaw Pact 2816:Six-Day War 2789:Six-Day War 2771:Middle East 2595:M24 Chaffee 2573:during the 2564:advanced on 2382:torsion-bar 2280:88 mm 2145:direct fire 2133:gun mantlet 2094:Alfred Jodl 2002:Beutepanzer 1599:5 cm KwK 39 1433:180 km 1423:200 km 1403:240 km 1393:330 km 1390:Road range 1345:100 rounds 1333:Ammunition 1300:31.9 t 1285:30.9 t 1280:28.5 t 1275:26.5 t 1072:Chelyabinsk 941:Light tanks 720:During the 630:Soviet tank 607:, then the 543:medium tank 429:Operational 248:35,120 T-34 243: built 130:Six-Day War 118:Suez Crisis 114:Vietnam War 54:Medium tank 11678:Categories 11550:T20 medium 11444:Prototypes 11369:Matilda II 11311:Covenanter 11233:Panzer III 11211:M4 Sherman 11073:M22 Locust 10943:Improvised 10245:Amphibious 9126:References 8566:9 February 8132:13 January 8072:5 November 8043:12 January 7750:4 February 7054:0887402011 6789:10 October 6253:24 October 5017:24 January 4814:, p. 4721:M4 Sherman 4704:(proposal) 4685:(proposal) 4669:Hungarian 4653:Panzer III 4596:Bermondsey 4422:Model 1969 4416:Model 1960 4410:Model 1946 4404:Model 1945 4394:Model 1944 4384:Model 1943 4365:Model 1943 4359:Model 1942 4345:Model 1941 4331:Model 1940 4299:after the 4266:Model 1942 4258:Model 1941 4057:Ingolstadt 4026:Red Square 3990:Panzer IV 3982:Dukla Pass 3970:Ladomirová 3935:Yugoslavia 3670:Mozambique 3296:Korean War 3116:Successors 2787:and 1967 ( 2603:M46 Patton 2575:Korean War 2556:US Marines 2303:Stalingrad 2172:leadership 2125:Panzer IIs 2045:M4 Sherman 1796:Ergonomics 1696:Panzer III 1660:Korean War 1652:M46 Patton 1622:Wa Pruef 1 1548:с экранами 1540:s ekranami 1361:460 L 1353:58 rounds 1350:60 rounds 1342:77 rounds 1339:77 rounds 1336:76 rounds 1297:(35 tons) 1292:(37 tons) 1272:(29 tons) 1254:prototype 1200:M4 Sherman 1084:Sverdlovsk 1082:(UZTM) in 847:Winter War 827:drivetrain 410:Suspension 154:Ogaden War 102:Korean War 11575:T34 Heavy 11570:T32 Heavy 11565:T30 Heavy 11560:T29 Heavy 11545:T14 heavy 11535:Schofield 11530:Sahariano 11490:Excelsior 11374:Valentine 11364:Churchill 11238:Panzer IV 11201:M2 Medium 11128:Panzer II 10924:T-43 tank 10799:Komintern 10701:Aerosleds 10694:Aerosleds 10381:IS-2/IS-3 10376:KV-1/KV-2 10324:T-70/T-80 10278:BT-2/BT-5 10229:Tankettes 10035:(1971) . 10025:0004-2420 9599:1230-1655 9386:0459-7222 9368:Routledge 9356:0459-7222 9338:Routledge 8978:14 August 8949:14 August 8774:14 August 8595:227599708 8361:IISS 2010 8295:IISS 2010 8283:IISS 2010 8271:IISS 2023 8259:IISS 2023 8247:IISS 2014 8207:IISS 2010 8195:IISS 2023 8183:IISS 2023 8171:IISS 2023 8159:IISS 2023 8099:IISS 2010 8087:IISS 2010 8010:IISS 2010 7998:IISS 2010 6828:11 August 6172:143620807 6134:143620807 5531:143620807 5141:Coox 1990 5102:Coox 1990 5090:Coox 1990 5078:Coox 1990 4989:IISS 2023 4791:Citations 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