Hungarian Revolution of 1956

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István államminiszter tudott megérkezni. Mikor a Parlamentet a szovjet csapatok körülfogták, Tildy államminiszter a vérontás elkerülése végett megállapodást kötött velük, mely szerint ők megszállják az épületet, a benne levő polgári személyek pedig szabadon távozhatnak. Ő, a megállapodáshoz tartva magát, eltávozott. Az országgyűlés épületében egyedül alulírott Bibó István államminiszter maradtam, mint az egyedüli törvényes magyar kormány egyedüli képviselője. Ebben a helyzetben a következőket nyilatkozom: In English: To My Fellow Hungarians! When the Soviet Army attacked today at dawn, Prime Minister Nagy Imre went to the Soviet Embassy to negotiate and could not return. Tildy Zoltán, who was already in the Parliament building, and ministers Szabó István and Bibó István attended the council of ministers meeting that was convened this morning. As Soviet troops surrounded the Parliament building, minister Tildy Zoltán, to avoid bloodshed, reached an agreement, by which Soviet soldiers would occupy the Parliament building and allow all civilians to evacuate. According to this agreement, he then departed. Only the undersigned, Bibó István, remained in the Psrliament building as the only representative of the only existing legal Hungarian government. Under these circumstances, I make the following declaration: (

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demonstrators away from the building. The events at Astoria were repeated, with demonstrators trying to make friends with the Soviet soldiers, handing out bilingual leaflets and some climbing on top of the guard tanks. At a few minutes after 11 a.m., General Serov decided to inspect the situation on Kossuth Square, accompanied by several Soviet and Hungarian officers and a tank. Seeing several Soviet soldiers fraternising with the demonstrators, Serov ordered the firing of warning shots, which caused a mass panic on the square. In the ensuing confusion, the Soviet tanks lined up in front of the Parliament building responded by targeting the buildings on the other side of the square. Another Soviet tank coming from a nearby street fired aimed shots at the demonstrators trying to take cover. This action claimed the most lives. The number of the dead is still disputed, with estimates ranging from 75 to 1000.

5033:, a Danish politician and leading figure of Denmark's Social Democratic Party, who had served in the Buhl government in 1942 during the Nazi German occupation of Denmark. He had defended collaboration with the occupation forces and denounced the resistance. The Committee Report and the motives of its authors were criticised by the delegations to the United Nations from the Soviet Union and Kádár government. The Hungarian representative disagreed with the report's conclusions, accusing it of falsifying the events, and argued that the establishment of the committee was illegal. The committee was accused of being hostile to Hungary and its social system. An article in the Soviet journal "International Affairs", published by the Foreign Affairs Ministry, carried an article in 1957 in which it denounced the report as a "collection of falsehoods and distortions". 4064: 9686:), p. 375, para 4: "the (Kádár) régime had to find an explanation for the revolution and collapse of the old régime in October 1956 ... they chose to interpret the uprising as a conspiracy by anti-communist, reactionary forces. This is why they labeled many ordinary citizens' actions as crimes. Critical opposition attitudes were described as "a plot to overthrow the people's democratic régime", and workers and peasants who took part in the revolt were called "jailbirds, ragamuffins, and kulaks." Armed resistance to occupying forces became "murder and wrecking state property." This kind of terminology became part of the official ideology of the régime toward the outside world." Also p. 375, footnote 40: "For a typical survey of propaganda intended for distribution abroad, see the so called "White Books" entitled 3838: 5266: 4434:: "Contrary to allegations that continue to this day, RFE Hungarian broadcasts did not foment revolution, urge Hungarians to fight the Soviets, or promise Western assistance. They did criticize would-be reform leader Imre Nagy in personally vituperative terms and contained emotional bombast that Hungarian listeners could easily have interpreted as indicating Western solidarity and support." After the USSR defeated the anti-communist Hungarian Revolution, the revolutionists criticised the CIA and its RFE network for having deceived the Hungarians into believing that the West—NATO and the US—would expel the USSR from the Hungarian People's Republic. Although incitements to violence were officially against RFE policy, an internal analysis by RFE adviser William Griffith found, as summarized by the 3048: 4442:, that "RFE broadcasts in several cases had implied that foreign aid would be forthcoming if the Hungarians succeeded in establishing a 'central military command'" and "appealed to the Hungarians to 'continue to fight vigorously'". Griffith himself wrote that "There were relatively few real policy violations"—specifically four out of more than 300 broadcasts under review—but conceded that "summaries often failed to reflect the content of the program as it was finally written (this is not the case only with programs where policy violation occurred; the summaries during the period under review in many other cases proved to be very inaccurate descriptions of the programs finally produced)." László Borhi, writing in the 1039: 4639: 763: 4840: 4004: 617: 607: 404: 392: 378: 366: 354: 342: 328: 162: 149: 754: 716: 692: 4880:. Although Party membership declined from 800,000 before the uprising to 100,000 by December 1956, Kádár steadily increased his control over Hungary and neutralised dissenters. The new government attempted to enlist support by espousing popular principles of Hungarian self-determination voiced during the uprising, but Soviet troops remained. After 1956 the Soviet Union severely purged the Hungarian Army and reinstituted political indoctrination in the units that remained. In May 1957, the Soviet Union increased its troop levels in Hungary and by treaty Hungary accepted the Soviet presence on a permanent basis. 650: 640: 630: 565: 553: 533: 514: 502: 490: 478: 460: 442: 422: 186: 174: 4853:

the winter of 1956. These were helped by CARE, an international relief organization. CARE provided refugees with welcome kits consisting of pajamas, knitting tools, school supplies, food, and water. The U.S. Department of Agriculture worked with CARE to use military vessels to transport over 500,000 packages to Vienna, where the Red Cross distributed supplies to refugees. Hungarian refugees of the conflict were resettled across 37 different countries, with most going to Austria. Former Hungarian Foreign Minister Géza Jeszenszky estimated that 350 were executed. Sporadic resistance and strikes by

1945: 771: 208: 11407: 3921: 5022:, conducted hearings in New York, Geneva, Rome, Vienna and London. Over five months, 111 refugees were interviewed including ministers, military commanders and other officials of the Nagy government, workers, revolutionary council members, factory managers and technicians, communists and non-communists, students, writers, teachers, medical personnel, and Hungarian soldiers. Documents, newspapers, radio transcripts, photos, film footage, and other records from Hungary were also reviewed, as well as written testimony of 200 other Hungarians. 3770: 5397: 597: 587: 316: 304: 292: 280: 268: 256: 244: 230: 133: 4343: 2091: 10126:(see Further reading, below), agreed with a 2002 essay by Hungarian historian Csaba Bekes, "Could the Hungarian Revolution Have Been Victorious in 1956?". Gati states: "Washington implicitly acknowledging the division of the continent into two camps, understood that Moscow would not let go of a country bordering on neutral but pro-Western Austria and an independent Yugoslavia, so it shed ... tears over Soviet brutality, and exploited the propaganda opportunities" (p. 208.) 524: 470: 452: 434: 4239:

embassy whilst still a member of the Nagy government. The USSR sent diplomatic delegations to other communist governments in Eastern Europe and to the People's Republic of China in effort to avoid misunderstandings that might provoke to regional conflicts, and broadcast propaganda explaining their second Soviet intervention to Hungary. The Soviet diplomats disguised their intentions by engaging the Nagy government in talks about withdrawing the Red Army from Hungary.

3633: 4749:, both of whom became members of the re-established socialist Hungarian government. As Soviet troops also came under attack in civilian quarters, they were unable to differentiate military from civilian targets. For that reason, Soviet tanks often crept along main roads and fired indiscriminately into buildings. Hungarian resistance was strongest in the industrial areas of Budapest, with Csepel heavily targeted by Soviet artillery and air strikes. 2116: 745: 5383: 1747: 4760:, where fighting lasted until 11 November, before insurgents finally succumbed to the Soviets. When the fighting ended, Hungarian casualties totalled approximately 2,500 dead and 20,000 wounded. Budapest bore the brunt of the bloodshed, with 1,569 civilians killed. Approximately 53% of the dead were workers; half of all Hungarian casualties were people younger than thirty. On the Soviet side, 699 men were killed, 1,450 wounded, and 51 4254:, pressed Khrushchev to militarily repress the Hungarian Revolution. Although Sino–Soviet relations were unstable, the opinion of Mao carried great weight among the members of the Presidium of the CPSU. Initially, Mao opposed a second intervention, which was communicated to Khrushchev on 30 October, before the Presidium met and decided against a Hungarian intervention; later, Mao changed his mind and supported intervention to Hungary. 3679:

to inform faculty and students of the time and place for the meeting on 16 October 1956. A professor of law was chairman of committee who formally reestablished the MEFESZ student union, with the proclamation and publication of a twenty-demand manifesto, ten demands about the MEFESZ, and ten anti-Soviet demands, e.g. free elections and the departure of Soviet troops from Hungary, etc.; days later, the university students at

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months of plotting and conspiring rid Rákosi and the Hungarian Communist Party of Imre Nagy, who was reduced to a political non-person. On 14 April Prime Minister Imre Nagy was stripped of his Hungarian Communist Party offices and functions and was sacked as prime minister on 18 April. Despite having been out of political favor with the USSR since January 1955, Nagy had refused to perform the requisite communist penance of '

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policemen defending the Magyar Rádió building, but some of the soldiers tore off the red-star insignia on their caps and joined the side of the anti-government protestors. ÁVH policemen used guns and tear gas, while the protestors set police cars afire and distributed weapons captured from the military and police forces, and acted on their anti–Soviet politics by destroying the symbols of Russian communism in Hungary.

3978:, armed guards defended the Hungarian Communist Party and the communist government of Hungary. In the event, the Revolutionaries' successful attacks upon the Parliament collapsed the communist government of Hungary; and First Secretary Ernő Gerő and ex-PM András Hegedüs fled Hungary to the USSR; Imre Nagy became prime minister, and János Kádár became the first secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party. 9627:

troops in Budapest might lead to further aggravation of the situation, ordered troops to leave Budapest, but ensuing events have shown that reactionary forces, taking advantage of the non-intervention of the Nagy Cabinet, have gone still further ... The task of barring the way to reaction in Hungary has to be carried out without the slightest delay – such is the course dictated by events ..."

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was killed. Within hours, news reportage and filmed scenes of the Hungarian anti-communist revolt that occurred in Republic Square were broadcast in the USSR; and the CPSU made propaganda of the images of the communist victims of the Hungarian Revolt. The leaders of the Hungarian Revolution condemned the attack upon the ÁVH headquarters and asked the protestors to cease and desist from mob violence.

735: 5289:, the Hungarian-American community built a commemorative statue to honour the Hungarian freedom fighters. Built in the late 1960s, the obelisk statue stands with an American eagle watching over the city of Los Angeles. There are several monuments dedicated to the Commemoration of the Hungarian Revolution throughout the United States. One such monument may be found in Cleveland, Ohio, at the 726: 703: 4480: 3797:

situation escalated after protestors heard rumours that the ÁVH had killed their delegation of comrades sent to broadcast the anti–Soviet message. In response, from the windows of the building, the ÁVH threw tear gas grenades at and fired upon the many anti-communist and nationalist protestors assembled outside the Magyar Rádió building, and soon required resupply and reinforcement.

4831:) that documented real incidents of violence against Communist Party and ÁVH members and the confessions of Nagy's supporters. The "white books" were widely distributed in several languages in most socialist countries and, while based in fact, they present factual evidence with a colouring and narrative that are not generally supported by non-Soviet-aligned historians. 3888:, commander-in-chief of the Soviet forces in Hungary were on their way to the headquarters of the Hungarian Workers' Party (MDP) on Akadémia Street, where they were to attend a meeting of the Central Executive Committee (CEC), which was to begin at 10 a.m. Under pressure from the Soviet delegates, the CEC relieved Ernő Gerő of his position as party leader and elected 3909:

repressing the revolutionaries. Order was restored in the 24–29 October period after the Hungarian Army had fought 71 firefights with the nationalist and with the anti-communist revolutionaries in fifty communities. On 26 October, in the town of Kecskemét, outside the office of State Security and the local jail, Hungarian Army's Third Corps, led by Major General

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Hungarian to exercise political forbearance in order to restore civil order to Hungary. As the only Communist Hungarian leader with political credibility among Hungarians, the political actions of the Nagy government allowed the USSR to view the Hungarians' anti-Soviet protests as a popular uprising, rather than as an anti-communist

39: 2977:, including the Hungarian People's Republic. The geopolitical principles of the Warsaw Pact defence treaty included "respect for the independence and sovereignty of states" and the practise of "non-interference in their internal affairs". Then, on 15 May 1955, a day after the USSR established the Warsaw Pact, the 4322:), the Society of Friends of Hungarians (Tarnów), the Committee to Aid the Hungarians (Lublin), and the Committee for Aid to Hungarians (Człuchów). In addition to the official support coordinated by the Polish Red Cross, one convoy was dispatched – one organized by the Student Aid Committee for Hungarians from 4234:" and that "socialism can develop only on the foundations of direct democracy." For the anti-communists, the struggle of the Hungarian workers was "for the principle of direct democracy" and that "all power should be transferred to the Workers Committees of Hungary." In response, the Presidium broke the 5252:

cited the repressions in Hungary as a lesson: "You forbid people to strike, to petition, or to make unfavorable comments, you simply resort to repression in every case, until one day you become a Rákosi." Later, as the CCP leadership became concerned with the degree of criticism from the lower levels

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as Soviet forces overran Budapest. Despite assurances of safe passage out of Hungary by the Soviets and the Kádár government, Nagy and his group were arrested when attempting to leave the embassy on 22 November and taken to Romania. Losonczy died while on a hunger strike in prison awaiting trial when

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In the immediate aftermath, many thousands of Hungarians were arrested. Eventually, 26,000 of these were brought before the Hungarian courts, 22,000 were sentenced and imprisoned, 13,000 were interned, and 229 were executed. Approximately 200,000 fled Hungary as refugees. Many resettled in Austria in

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armed protestors attacked the ÁVH detachment guarding the headquarters building of the Hungarian Working People's Party in Köztársaság tér (Republic Square), in Budapest. The anti-communists killed more than 20 ÁVH officers and ÁVH conscripts; the head of the Budapest party committee, Imre Mező, also

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In total, there were approximately 2,100 local revolutionary and workers councils with over 28,000 members. The councils held a combined conference in Budapest that decided to end the nationwide labour strikes and to resume work on 5 November, with the more important councils sending delegates to the

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of individual Hungarian workers. That poor economy was further diminished by the bureaucratic mismanagement of resources, which caused shortages of supplies, and the consequent rationing of bread and sugar, flour and meat, et cetera. The net result of those economic conditions, was that the Hungarian

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Soviet intervention and concluding that "the Kádár government and Soviet occupation were in violation of the human rights of the Hungarian people". A General Assembly resolution was approved, deploring "the repression of the Hungarian people and the Soviet occupation", but no other action was taken.

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Despite Cold War rhetoric from western countries espousing rollback of the Soviet domination of eastern Europe, and Soviet promises of socialism's imminent triumph, national leaders of this period (as well as later historians) saw the failure of the Hungarian Revolution as evidence that the Cold War

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In January 1957, representatives of the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania met in Budapest to review internal developments in Hungary since the establishment of the Soviet-imposed government. A communiqué on the meeting "unanimously concluded" that Hungarian workers, with the leadership of

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proclaimed the "Hungarian Revolutionary Worker-Peasant Government". His statement declared: "We must put an end to the excesses of the counter-revolutionary elements. The hour for action has sounded. We are going to defend the interest of the workers and peasants and the achievements of the people's

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Pravda (Moscow), 4 November : "Without the Slightest Delay", Moscow. "Imre Nagy turned out to be, objectively speaking, an accomplice of the reactionary forces. Imre Nagy cannot and does not want to fight the dark forces of reaction ... The Soviet Government, seeing that the presence of Soviet

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Meanwhile, as the 1950s drew to a close the events in Hungary produced fractures within the Communist political parties of Western European countries. In San Marino, some moderate Socialist members of a Socialist-Communist coalition government broke their alliance with the Communists, who failed to

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The first Soviet report came out 24 hours after the first Western report. Nagy's appeal to the United Nations was not reported. After Nagy was arrested outside the Yugoslav embassy, his arrest was not reported. Also, accounts failed to explain how Nagy went from patriot to traitor. The Soviet press

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By 12.00 hrs of 24 October, Red Army tanks were stationed outside the parliament building, and Red Army soldiers held the bridges and crossroads that controlled access to Budapest, while Hungarian revolutionaries barricaded streets to defend their city from the Red Army. Also on that day, Imre Nagy

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met to play cards, and snubbed the DISZ, the official communist student union, by re-establishing the MEFESZ (Union of Hungarian University and Academy Students), the democratic student union banned by the Stalinist Rákosi government. The MEFESZ students distributed hand-written notes in classrooms

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I call upon the Hungarian people to regard neither the occupation force nor the puppet government it may install as a legal authority but rather to employ every means of passive resistance against it ... (István Bibó minister of state of the Petőfi Party) Despite the devastation of the Soviet

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in Hungarian: Magyarok! Nagy Imre miniszterelnök a ma hajnali szovjet támadáskor a szovjet követségre ment a tárgyalások folytatására, és onnan visszatérni már nem tudott. A reggel összehívott minisztertanácson a Parlament épületében tartózkodó Tildy Zoltánon kívül már csak B. Szabó István és Bibó

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In Russia, on 30 October 1956, the Presidium of the CPSU decided to not depose the new Hungarian government. Marshal Zhukov said: "We should withdraw troops from Budapest, and, if necessary, withdraw from Hungary, as a whole. This is a lesson for us in the military-political sphere". The Presidium

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to restore order to Hungary with a National Guard force composed of policemen, soldiers, and Revolutionaries loyal to Hungary. On 30 October 1956, Gen. Király's National Guard attacked the building of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Communist Party and killed every pro-Soviet officer of the

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The governments of Hungary and Romania refused entry to the officials of this committee, and the government of the Soviet Union did not respond to requests for information. The 268-page Committee Report was presented to the General Assembly in June 1957, documenting the course of the uprising and

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shortly before his death, Krassó summed up the meaning of the Hungarian Revolution with a recollection from Stalin's short speech in the 19th Congress of the Soviet Union in 1952: "Stalin kept silent throughout the Congress till the very end when he made a short speech that covers about two and a

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and, at 04:25, fired the first shots at the army barracks on Budaörsi Road. Soon, Soviet artillery and tank fire were heard in all of the districts of Budapest. Operation Whirlwind combined air strikes, artillery, and the co-ordinated tank–infantry action of 17 divisions. The Soviet army deployed

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ceasefire and repressed the Hungarian Revolution. The Soviet Union's plan was to declare a "Provisional Revolutionary Government" led by János Kádár, who would appeal for Soviet assistance to restore order to Hungary. Kádár was in Moscow in early November, and was in communication with the Soviet

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from Hungary, the USSR repressed the Hungarian Revolution on 4 November 1956, and fought the Hungarian revolutionaries until Soviet victory on 10 November; repression of the Hungarian Uprising killed 2,500 Hungarians and 700 Soviet Army soldiers, and compelled 200,000 Hungarians to seek political

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article comments that this choice could not have been anticipated until the explosive events of the revolution, almost at the end of 1956. The magazine cover and accompanying text displayed an artist's depiction of a Hungarian freedom fighter, and used pseudonyms for the three participants whose

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The Soviet, Chinese, and Warsaw Pact governments urged Kádár to proceed with the interrogation and trial of the ministers of the Nagy government, and asked for punitive measures against the "counter-revolutionists". In addition, the Kádár government published an extensive series of "white books"

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spoke with Prime Minister Imre Nagy who told them that Hungarian geopolitical neutrality was a long-term political objective for the Hungarian People's Republic, which he wanted to discuss with the presidium of the CPSU. Khrushchev considered the geopolitical options for the USSR's resolving the

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who sought a political resolution to the Hungarian revolt. In Budapest, the Soviet delegation reported to Moscow that the Hungarian political situation was less confrontational than reported during the revolt proper. In pursuit of political resolution, Khrushchev said that Ernő Gerő's 23 October

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The new communist government of Prime Minister Imre Nagy was surprised by the rapidity with which the Hungarian Revolution extended from the streets of Budapest to all of Hungary, and the consequent collapse of the old Gerő–Hegedüs communist government. As head of government, PM Nagy asked every

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statistics show that by air transport alone (15 aircraft), 44 tonnes of medication, blood, and other medical supplies were delivered to Hungary. Assistance sent using road and rail transport was much higher. Polish aid is estimated at a value of approximately US$ 2 million in 1956 dollars.

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were established at industrial plants and mines, and many unpopular regulations such as production norms were eliminated. The workers' councils strove to manage the enterprise while protecting workers' interests, establishing a socialist economy free of rigid party control. Local control by the

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in his place. Meanwhile, the crowd demonstrating at Kossuth Square elected a delegation to deliver their demands in the Parliament, but government guards and a company of the Ministry of Defence's armoured regiment, backed by seven Soviet T-54 tanks lined up in front of the Parliament, kept the

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remained politically powerful as the General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party, and so undermined many of the Nagy government's political and socio-economic reforms; by 18 April 1955, Rákosi had so discredited Nagy that the USSR deposed Nagy as head-of-state of Socialist Hungary. Three

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on the Danube River. Although some very senior officers were openly pro-Soviet, rank-and-file soldiers were overwhelmingly loyal to the revolution and either fought the invasion or deserted. The UN reported that there were no recorded incidents of Hungarian Army units fighting for the Soviets.

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in response to the communist government's order to militarily repress the popular demonstrations against the Soviet control of Hungary. The Hungarian Army units in Budapest and in the countryside remained uninvolved in the Revolution, because local commanders avoided politics in order to avoid

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In suppressing the Hungarians' anti-government protestations, the ÁVH smuggled weapons and ammunition in an ambulance for delivery to them at the Magyar Rádió building, but the protestors hijacked the ambulance and the weapons for themselves. The Hungarian Army sent soldiers to support the ÁVH

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led the Hungarian Revolution against the USSR's control of Hungary, and negotiated ceasefire agreements with the revolutionaries; nonetheless, the Hungarian Revolution took many communist prisoners who were registered to lists that identified the prisoner either for summary execution or as an

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building, which was guarded by the ÁVH secret police. Violence soon occurred between the sides when the protestors heard rumours of the arrest and detainment of a delegation of students who had entered the radio station in effort to broadcast their political demands to the entire country. The

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established Austria as a neutral country in the geopolitical cold war between the US and the USSR. Austria's declaration of geopolitical neutrality allowed the Communist government of PM Nagy to publicly consider "the possibility of Hungary adopting a neutral status on the Austrian pattern".

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According to another version of the events, which already appeared during the revolution but still unproven, the ÁVH policemen and/or communist partisans fired into the assembled protestors from the roof of the building of the Agricultural Ministry. In the fog of war, some Red Army soldiers

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Later that evening, Kádár called upon "the faithful fighters of the true cause of socialism" to come out of hiding and take up arms. But Hungarian support did not materialise, and fighting did not take the form of a civil war, but rather, in the words of a United Nations report, that of "a

4456:: "These contradictory policies sabotaged the overall approach. The harder the insurgents fought, the less chance there was for a negotiated settlement. But the unwillingness of the United States to counter Soviet military action meant that the Hungarian quest for liberation was suicidal." 3864:, the ÁVH guards fired upon unarmed protestors; in turn, anti-communists attacked and drove out the ÁVH policemen from the newspaper building. The Hungarian revolutionaries then avenged themselves against the ÁVH policemen. On 25 October, a crowd gathered in Kossuth Square in front of the 4964:

half printed pages. He said there were two banners that the progressive bourgeoisie had thrown away and which the working class should pick up – the banners of democracy and national independence. Certainly nobody could doubt that in 1956 the Hungarian workers raised these banners high."

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In 1,170 communities in Hungary, there were 348 cases of revolutionary councils dismissing the local administrators; 312 cases of revolutionary councils sacking the bosses; and 215 cases of the locals burning the communist administrative records of their communities. In 681 communities,

5244:(CCP) viewed the events of the revolution in context of its concern with the Soviet de-Stalinization of 1956 and the sort of problems along the lines of the Eastern European uprisings that China might eventually have to face. Some Chinese leaders viewed the events, together with the 3994:

Fighting ceased between 28 October and 4 November, as many Hungarians believed that Soviet military units were withdrawing from Hungary. According to post-revolution communist sources, there were approximately 213 Hungarian Working People's Party members executed during the period.

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attack, most of Hungarian society seemed to respond to Bibó's plea and continued to defy the new régime , keeping Soviet and Hungarian security forces tied up for months dealing with strikes, demonstrations, sabotage, work slowdowns, and other acts of resistance (Document No. 102)

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took on a considerable scale. Citizen organizations and self-acting aid committees were established throughout Poland to distribute aid to the Hungarian population, e.g. the Social Civic Committee of Creative Associations (Bydgoszcz), the Student Committee for Aid to Hungarians

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anti-communist and nationalist Hungarians damaged and destroyed symbols of the hegemony of the USSR, such as the Red Star, and statues of Josef Stalin and of Lenin; 393 communities damaged Soviet war memorials; and 122 communities burned the books of Marx, Lenin, and Stalin.

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put up sporadic and disorganised resistance, with Zhukov reporting the disarming of twelve divisions, two armoured regiments and the entire Hungarian Air Force. Hungarian fighters continued their most formidable resistance in various districts of Budapest (most famously the

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and Hungary's international status as a politically non-aligned country. Because of being in power for only ten days, the National Government did not explain their policies in detail; however, contemporary newspaper editorials stressed that Hungary should be a multiparty

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On 23 October 1956, the Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party, Ernő Gerő, asked for the USSR's military intervention in order "to suppress a demonstration that was reaching an ever-greater and unprecedented scale", which threatens the national security of the

4413:(January 1956), which recommended against U.S. military intervention to Hungary on the side of the Hungarian revolutionists; and (ii) the secret warfare of the National Security Council that encouraged anti-communist political discontent in the Eastern Bloc only through 4150: 3964:

area of Budapest, 250 communists defended the Csepel Iron and Steel Works, and, on 27 October, the Hungarian Army restored order in Csepel; two days later, the Hungarian Revolutionaries recaptured Csepel after the Hungarian Army's withdrawal on 29 October. In the

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headlining for the third time, Sullivan told viewers Presley felt "so keenly about Hungarian relief, he urges all of us through the country to remember that immediate aid is needed." The host followed this with Elvis singing an unrecorded number, the gospel song

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Simultaneous political movements towards multi-party, parliamentary democracy, and a democratic national council of workers might "lead towards a capitalist state" in Hungary and Poland, each movement challenged the authority of communist parties in eastern

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who would assist in the Russification of Hungary; thus the study of Russian language and communist political instruction were mandatory at school and at university; religious schools were nationalized and church leaders replaced with communist officials.

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In the 1950–1952 period, the ÁVH forcibly relocated more than 26,000 non-communist Hungarians, and confiscated their housing for members of the Communist Party of Hungary, and so eliminate the political threats posed by the nationalist and anti-communist

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request for Soviet intervention indicated that the Hungarian Communist Party retained the confidence of the Hungarian people, because the Hungarians were protesting unresolved socio-economic problems, not ideology. Meanwhile, in the West, the concurrent

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On 16 June 1989, at the 31st commemoration of his execution, Imre Nagy's body was reburied with full honours. The Republic of Hungary was declared in 1989 on the 33rd anniversary of the Revolution, and 23 October is now a Hungarian national holiday.

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Soviet reports of the events surrounding, during and after the disturbance were remarkably consistent in their accounts, more so after the Second Soviet intervention cemented support for the Soviet position among international communist parties.

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mistakenly returned the fire towards the roof, having mistakenly believed themselves the targets. The Hungarian revolutionaries armed themselves with weapons captured from ÁVH policemen and with weapons donated by anti-communist soldiers who had

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between the Red Army and the Hungarian Revolutionaries, and agreed to initiate postponed political reforms decided in 1953. Despite the pleas of PM Nagy, groups of revolutionaries in Budapest armed themselves and continually fought the Red Army.

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By 08:00, organised defence of the city evaporated after the radio station had been seized, and many defenders fell back to fortified positions. Between 08:00 and 09:00, the parliamentary guard laid down its arms, and forces under Major General

4615: 5002:, acting in response to UN General Assembly resolutions requesting investigation and observation of the events in Soviet-occupied Hungary, established the Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary. The committee, with representatives from 6956:

Gati said that "discovered in declassified documents, the Soviet Ministry of Defense had begun to prepare for large-scale turmoil in Hungary as early as July 1956. Codenamed 'Wave', the plan called for restoration of order in less than six

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called the Hungarian revolt "the collective suicide of a whole people". In a newspaper interview in 1957, Khrushchev commented "support by United States ... is rather in the nature of the support that the rope gives to a hanged man".

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from Egypt voided the political possibility of Western military intervention to Hungary. On 28 October, Khrushchev said that Soviet military intervention to Hungary would be a mistaken imitation of the Anglo–French intervention to Egypt.

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was granted political asylum at the United States embassy, where he lived for the next 15 years, refusing to leave Hungary unless the government reversed his 1949 conviction for treason. Because of poor health and a request from the

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to wrest minor political concessions, which continually diminished the political authority of the coalition government – despite the Communist Party only having received 17 percent of the votes in the parliamentary election of 1945.

11669:

The 2005 documentary film depicting events surrounding the Hungarian–Soviet confrontation in the Olympic water polo tournament, now known as the "blood in the water match". Narrated by Mark Spitz, produced by Lucy Liu and Quentin

893:

to fight against the ÁVH; local Hungarian communist leaders and ÁVH policemen were captured and summarily executed; and political prisoners were released and armed. To realize their political, economic, and social demands, local

6154:(Lawless Socialism), reported that "between 1950 and early 1953, the courts dealt with 650,000 cases , of whom 387,000 or 4 percent of the population were found guilty." (Budapest, Zrínyi Kiadó/Új Magyarország, 1991, p. 154). 4526: 3917:), earning the praise of János Kádár after the defeat of the "counter-revolution" as "the only division commander who, at the call of the party organisation, swept the Danube-Tisza Interfluve six times, smashing everything". 6622:"Chapter VIII The Question of the Presence and the Utilization of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Light of Hungary's International Commitments, Section D – The demand for the withdrawal of Red Army troops, para. 339 (p. 105)" 5196:, reported on the violent suppression of the uprising, his dispatches were heavily censored by the party leadership. Upon his return from Hungary Fryer resigned from the paper. He was later expelled by the Communist Party. 2941:

and his inner-circle protégés, in Russia and abroad. Therefore, the de-Stalinization of Hungarian People's Republic featured Rákosi's dismissal as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Hungary, and his replacement by

2029:

In the early 1950s, the Rákosi government's socialist economics increased the per capita income of the Hungarian people, yet their standard of living diminished because of the compulsory financial contributions towards the

881:

for political and economic reforms to civil society, but were detained by security guards. When the student protestors outside the radio building demanded the release of their delegation, a group of police from the ÁVH

4576:

from the north. Thus, before a single shot was fired, the Soviets had effectively split the city into two, controlled all bridgeheads and were shielded to the rear by the wide Danube River. Armoured units crossed into

5179:, wrote in his 2005 political autobiography that he regretted his justification of Soviet action in Hungary, stating at the time he believed that party unity and the leadership of Soviet Communism was more important. 4675:

At 05:20 on 4 November, Imre Nagy broadcast his final plea to the nation and the world, announcing that Soviet forces were attacking Budapest and that the government was remaining at its post. The radio station, Free

4084:, the councils had been officially sanctioned by the Hungarian Working People's Party, and the Nagy government asked for their support as "autonomous, democratic local organs formed during the Revolution". Likewise, 4494:

On 1 November, Imre Nagy received reports that Soviet forces had entered Hungary from the east and were moving towards Budapest. Nagy sought and received assurances, which proved to be false, from Soviet Ambassador

4811:

broke with the Nagy government and formed a government of honest Hungarian revolutionary workers and peasants. The genuinely-popular government petitioned the Soviet command to help put down the counter-revolution.

3789:, which had been erected in place of a razed church, in 1951; and, by 21:30 hrs – an hour and a half later – the nationalist and anti-communist protestors had destroyed the eight-metre-tall statue of Josef Stalin. 11347: 4499:

that the Soviet Union would not invade. The Cabinet, with János Kádár in agreement, declared Hungary's neutrality, withdrew from the Warsaw Pact and requested assistance from the diplomatic corps in Budapest and

3969:

area of Budapest, the communists and 350 armed workers and 380 communist soldiers defended the Láng factory. Anti-fascist Hungarian veterans of the Second World War participated in recapturing the offices of the

6684: 4293: 11715:– a resource for Hungarian-American organizations to highlight and promote their 1956 Hungarian Revolution commemoration activities, including 1956 photos, videos, resources, and events across the United States 3829: 3913:, shot seven anti-communist protestors and arrested the organizers of the anti-Soviet protest. On Gyurkó's order Hungarian Air Force fighter planes shot up demonstrators with cannon fire in various towns (see 992:

Fearful of the Red Army's occupation of the Kingdom of Hungary, the royal Hungarian government unsuccessfully sought an armistice with the Allies, which was a betrayal of the Axis powers. The Germans launched

13276: 12767: 4016:. On 28 October 1956, the Nagy Communist government announced the ceasefire among the nationalist, the anti-communist, and the Communist Hungarians, and that, to resolve the national crisis, PM Nagy would: 6150:... The reign of terror turned out to be harsher, and more extensive than in any of the other Soviet satellite in Central and Eastern Europe." In the post-communist period, the fact-finding commission, 4162: 4079:

formed throughout Hungary, generally without involvement from the preoccupied National Government in Budapest, and assumed various responsibilities of local government from the defunct Communist party. By

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to deal with the USSR, and, by 19 October 1956, Gomułka had successfully negotiated greater trade agreements and fewer Red Army troops stationed in Poland. The USSR's concessions to Poland – known as the

8157: 4804:

The Nagy government was ineffective by allowing itself to be penetrated by counter-revolutionary influences, weakening and disintegrating, as proven by Nagy's culminating denouncement of the Warsaw Pact.

3766:, which the Soviet-controlled Rákosi government of Hungary had banned from public performance; the crowd repeatedly chanted the refrain: "This we swear, this we swear, that we will no longer be slaves." 4382:

said that: "We couldn't, on one hand, complain about the Soviets intervening in Hungary, and, on the other hand, approve of the British and the French picking that particular time to intervene against

850:(USSR). The uprising lasted 12 days before being crushed by Soviet tanks and troops on 4 November 1956. Thousands were killed and wounded and nearly a quarter of a million Hungarians fled the country. 4481: 4471:

confirms that the Eisenhower government did not intervene to the Hungarian Revolution – which occurred in the Soviet sphere of influence – because the USSR would have responded with a nuclear war.

5308:

Public discussion about the revolution was suppressed in Hungary for more than 30 years. Since the thaw of the 1980s, it has been a subject of intense study and debate. At the inauguration of the

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Hungarian anti-communist revolution, but Nagy's declaration of Hungarian neutrality decided his dispatching the Red Army into Hungary. The USSR invaded the Hungarian People's Republic, because:

3940:

to halt the economy and the functioning of civil society. In ridding Hungary of the influence of and control from the USSR, the revolutionaries destroyed the symbols of Communism, such as the

3814:. To that end, the USSR already had planned the invasion and occupation of Hungary, and the political purging of Hungarian society. At 02.00 hrs., on 24 October 1956, Soviet defence minister 11690:

and Craig Herron. The film retells the escape of Edward and Judy Hilbert from Communist Hungary during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The film is narrated by Golden Globe-winning actress

4402:

was passed, which charged the General Assembly to meet to discuss the matter. Despite 50 votes for withdrawal, 8 votes against withdrawal, and 15 abstentions from the matter, the communist

4170:

In Hungary, on 30 October, consequent to hearing rumours of that the secret police had anti-communist prisoners, and rumours of the ÁVH shooting anti-communist demonstrators in the city of

3014:– emboldened Hungarians to demand from the USSR like concessions for the Hungarian People's Republic, which much contributed to the Hungarians' greatly idealistic politics in October 1956. 2354: 6743:

director: György Ordódy, producer: Duna Televízió – Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary ID number: HU OSA 306–0–1:40

5065:

in Melbourne, the Soviet handling of the Hungarian uprising led to a boycott by Spain, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. A confrontation between Soviet and Hungarian teams occurred in the

4979:, the Foreign Minister of West Germany, recommended that the people of Eastern Europe be discouraged from "taking dramatic action which might have disastrous consequences for themselves". 4257:

In the 1–3 November 1956 period, Khrushchev informed the USSR's Warsaw Pact allies of his decision to repress the Hungarian Revolution. Khrushchev met with the Polish communist politician

5125:, made Presley an honorary citizen posthumously, and a plaza located at the intersection of two of the city's most important avenues was named after Presley as a gesture of gratitude. 3986:

Hungarian Communist Party, ÁVH policeman, and pro-Soviet Hungarian soldier they encountered; and most Red Army troops withdrew from Budapest to garrisons in the Hungarian countryside.

1834:, ÁVH) was transferred from the Independent Smallholders Party of the coalition government to the Hungarian Communist party. The ÁVH repressed non‑communist political opponents with 14847: 4504:, UN Secretary-General, to defend Hungary's neutrality. Andropov was asked to inform his government that Hungary would begin negotiations on the removal of Soviet forces immediately. 7902:

Declaration of the Government of the USSR on the Principles of Development and Further Strengthening of Friendship and Cooperation between the Soviet Union and other Socialist States

4145:

Declaration of the Government of the USSR on the Principles of Development and Further Strengthening of Friendship and Cooperation between the Soviet Union and other Socialist States

3706:

ceremoniously proclaimed Hungary's anti-Soviet political solidarity with anti-communist reformers in Poland when they laid a commemorative wreath at the statue of the Polish hero

4819:

reported calm in Budapest, but the Western press reported a revolutionary crisis was breaking out. According to the Soviet account, Hungarians never wanted a revolution at all.

4667:(then called Sztálinváros). There were ten to fifteen thousand resistance fighters fighting in Budapest, with the heaviest fighting occurring in the working-class stronghold of 1881:

and journalists to freely criticise the social and economic policies of the Rákosi government. In that vein of relative political freedom, on 22 October 1956, students from the

4277:. Two months after the USSR repressed the Hungarian Revolution, Tito told Nikolai Firiubin, the Soviet ambassador to Yugoslavia, that " reaction raised its head, especially in 17673: 6606:

Director: Helmut Dotterweich, (1986) – Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary ID number: HU OSA 306–0–1:27

4105:

and other cities, crowds of demonstrators were fired upon by the ÁVH, with many lives lost. The ÁVH were disarmed, often by force, in many cases assisted by the local police.

3901:

the Hungarian Army for the Hungarian Revolution against the USSR; from amongst the crowd outside the parliament, the armed revolutionaries shot at the roof-top ÁVH policemen.

2896:

of the USSR, which was a relative liberalization of politics that afterward allowed most European communist parties and the communist parties of the Warsaw Pact to develop a

2098:(centre) proved too progressive a Communist in his government's pursuit of the Hungarian road to Socialism, taking it too far out of the Soviet Union's orbit. (October 1956). 16182: 8805: 4430: 10772: 5417: 166: 9651:

Communiqué on the Meeting of Representatives of the Governments and the Communist and Workers' Parties of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and the Soviet Union

3821: 10857: 8940: 13271: 12762: 4053: 2078:(1948). Socially, the imposition of Soviet-style economic policies and the payment of war reparations angered the peoples of Hungary, whilst the cumulative effects of 1801: 739: 4452:

were often "incautious, even reckless" and undermined parallel efforts by the Eisenhower administration to negotiate Hungarian independence in a framework similar to

9871: 2419: 5682:"B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, International Conflict : A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945–1995 (1997) p. 85 5337:

In 2000, the Hungarian government passed "Ilona Tóth's law", absolving those that were convicted for their involvement with the revolution, inspired by the case of

4864:

With most of Budapest under Soviet control by 8 November, Kádár became Prime Minister of the "Revolutionary Worker-Peasant Government" and General Secretary of the

3698:, one of the law students from the original group of twelve students, announced that the MEFESZ student union was again politically active, and then proclaimed the 5133:, a constitutional crisis which resulted in the victory of a new democratic government and brought the twelve years of communist rule in San Marino to an end. The 5129:

condemn the Soviet Union's repression of the Hungarians. This schism resulted in a perfect 30–30 split in the council that paralyzed the government and led to the

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reported that the cost of war reparations was "between 19 and 22 per cent of the annual national income" of Hungary, an onerous national expense aggravated by the

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by permission of the Center for Security Studies at ETH Zürich and the National Security Archive at the George Washington University on behalf of the PHP network

7614:, producer: CBS (1956) – Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary ID number: HU OSA 306–0–1:40 5367:, claimed that the 1956 Hungarian Revolution was a fascist uprising organised by the West. On 25 September 2023, Hungary's Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade 5073:

tournament on 6 December. The match was extremely violent, and was halted in the final minute to quell fighting among spectators. This match, now known as the "

4794:

Fascist, Hitlerite, reactionary and counter-revolutionary hooligans financed by the imperialist West took advantage of the unrest to stage a counter-revolution.

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producer: CBS (1958) – Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary ID number: HU OSA 306–0–1:40

5489: 5054:

cover as "the faces of free Hungary" in a speech marking the 50th anniversary of the uprising. Mr Gyurcsány (in a joint appearance with British Prime Minister

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The Hungarian Revolution; A White Book: The Story of the October Uprising As Recorded in Documents, Dispatches, Eye-Witness Accounts, and World-wide Reactions

9151: 8290:, Rok 1956 na Węgrzech i w Polsce. Materiały z węgiersko–polskiego seminarium. Wrocław październik 1996, ed. Łukasz Andrzej Kamiński, Wrocław 1996, pp. 32–41. 3868:

building, which was a mixed group of civilian demonstrators including women, children, and elderly. Most of them came from the mass demonstration outside the

2074:) prevented direct trade with the countries of the West, and also prevented the Hungarian People's Republic from receiving American financial aid through the 16606: 16387: 15033: 13325: 12816: 2726: 14464: 11357: 10396: 10371: 8654:"The Hungarian Question on the UN Agenda: Secret Negotiations by the Western Great Powers 26 October – 4 November 1956. (British Foreign Office Documents)" 8552: 6380: 4987: 4117:

On 24 October 1956, the Politburo of the USSR discussed how to resolve the political revolts that had occurred in Warsaw Pact countries, specifically the

17159: 13374: 12865: 10483:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

5109:", saying "he feels that this is sort of in the mood that he'd like to create." By the end of 1957, these contributions, distributed by the Geneva-based 2524: 2455: 5334:, officially apologised for the Soviet actions of 1956 in Hungary. Yeltsin made the apology in person during a 1992 speech to the Hungarian Parliament. 4950: 989:

to the Kingdom of Hungary, after first having repelled the Royal Hungarian Army and the armies of the other Axis Powers from the territory of the USSR.

14512: 9769: 2957:

to the countries of eastern Europe, expecting that, as Secretary of the CPSU, Khrushchev's anti–Stalinist speech would substantively contribute to the

4203:(17 June 1953) – the repression of which killed 84 protestors and produced 700 anti-communist prisoners – required a new Communist government for the 11508: 3047: 1965: 6853: 3910: 16167: 15694: 14444: 13340: 12831: 12161: 11524: 6961:... the Soviet Army was ready. More than 30,000 troops were dispatched to – and 6,000 reached – Budapest by the 24th, that is, in less than a day". 6520: 6184: 4463:

criticised Western inaction in 1956 as disingenuous, recalling that the political influence of the United Nations readily applied to resolving the

3825:

Kossuth Lajos Street seen from Ferenciek Square: anti-Soviet demonstrators march in protest against the USSR's control of Hungary, 25 October 1956.

1058: 766: 6753: 3758:

for the citizens of Hungary. After Veres proclaimed the manifesto demanding Hungarian sovereignty, the crowd chanted the Hungarian patriotic poem

14011: 13459: 12950: 8882: 8274:Ł. Jastrząb, "Rozstrzelano moje serce w Poznaniu. Poznański Czerwiec 1956 r. – straty osobowe i ich analiza", Wydawnictwo Comandor, Warszawa 2006 3695: 2710: 1882: 1268: 9717: 7449:) Budapest: Information Bureau of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1957–1958; names 213 people killed by the rebels. 7078: 4261:

in Brest, Belarus; and then spoke with the Romanian, Czechoslovak, and Bulgarian leaders in Bucharest, Romania. Finally, Khrushchev went to the

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the Kádár government and the support of the Soviet army, defeated attempts "to eliminate the socialist achievements of the Hungarian people".

13313: 12804: 11770: 10575: 10571: 10565: 10136: 10068: 4779:

published an account 36 hours after the outbreak of violence that set the tone for all further reports and subsequent Soviet historiography:

9992:"Annex A (Agreement between the Hungarian People Republic and the government of the USSR on the legal status of Soviet forces) pp. 112–113)" 8376:

Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 3 November, 1956, with Participation by J. Kádár, F. Münnich, and I. Horváth

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of Hungary; the short-lived puppet government existed for less than a year and Hungary was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945 after the

17713: 16217: 15104: 13266: 13261: 12757: 12752: 12012: 5484: 5257:, Mao again cited the Hungarian revolution, describing China as at risk of a "Hungarian Incident" if it did not win this "major battle". 2460: 2284: 2082:

fuelled anti-Soviet political discontent as the payment of foreign debt took precedence over the material needs of the Hungarian people.

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convene to discuss the USSR's invasion and occupation of the Hungarian People's Republic, without decisive result, because, despite the

4199:

had alienated the hardline members of the CPSU, for whom anti-communist protests threatened Soviet hegemony in eastern Europe. That the

3948:

attacked and murdered pro-Soviet Hungarians and ÁVH policemen. The Hungarian Army armoured division stationed in Budapest, commanded by

16207: 13182: 12673: 12073: 8211: 7904:

30 October 1956, Printed in The Department of State Bulletin, XXXV, No. 907 (12 November 1956), pp. 745–747. Retrieved 19 October 2006.

7703:

Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary ID number: HU OSA 306–0–1:1

4764:. An estimated 80% of all Soviet casualties occurred in the fighting against insurgents in the eighth and ninth districts of Budapest. 4063: 1128: 8960:. Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), www.CWIHP.org, by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 16635: 16440: 16296: 10015: 5448: 5443: 4007:

The political flyer announces: A New Government Has Been Formed. Prime Minister Imre Nagy is head of the government, 27 October 1956.

3369: 2237: 11463:

Dal Pci al socialismo europeo. Un'autobiografia politica (From the Communist Party to European Socialism. A political autobiography)

10594:

Dal Pci al socialismo europeo. Un'autobiografia politica (From the Communist Party to European Socialism. A political autobiography)

6345: 6307: 17763: 17658: 17122: 16779: 16478: 16382: 16248: 14281: 13121: 12299: 6397: 4262: 2360: 2051: 17708: 11990: 10503:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

6327: 17728: 17678: 17576: 15684: 14328: 13409: 12154: 12139: 11052: 10783: 7861: 5872: 2912:(1946–56), whose heavy-hand style of communist government had proved counter-productive to the interests of the USSR in Hungary. 2002: 1503: 48: 11554:(Accessed 12 October 2006) – BBC reports on the first day of the second Soviet intervention and the fall of the Nagy government. 10835: 8514: 8241: 8080: 7917: 4398:

On 4 November 1956, the USSR vetoed the Security Council's resolution criticising the USSR's invasion of Hungary. In its stead,

3833:

The corpse of a communist officer killed defending the headquarters of the Hungarian Communist Party, Republic Square, Budapest.

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and of the university students. Angered by Gerő's rejection, some protestors realised one of their demands, and demolished the

2571: 2152: 1941:, the Rákosi government of the Hungarian People's Republic was most repressive of political, sexual, and religious minorities. 1173: 998: 10909: 10861: 9805: 9631: 5265: 4313:. Hungarian flags were displayed in many Polish towns and villages. After the Soviet invasion, the help given by the ordinary 3944:

and Red Army monuments, and burned communist literature. Moreover, Revolutionary militias, such as the 400-man militia led by

3837: 17773: 17643: 16852: 16661: 16548: 16172: 14107: 13794: 13772: 12433: 11826: 11573:, about events of the Hungarian uprising of 1956, focusing on Hungarian demands for economic and political self-management. ( 11432: 11191: 11173: 11085: 10992:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest, and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt (Cold War International History Project Series)

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Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest, and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt (Cold War International History Project Series)

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commented on the contributions made by 1956 Hungarian refugees to the United States and other host countries, as well as the

5248:, as demonstrating the dangers of overemphasizing development of heavy industry while underemphasizing people's livelihoods. 3320: 2921: 1851: 1797: 1353: 1238: 729: 706: 15195: 11537:

A Hungarian language site providing historical photos and documents, books and reviews, and links to English language sites.

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were deployed to Hungary for the operation. Some rank-and-file Soviet soldiers reportedly believed they were being sent to

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26 million (US$ 6 million in 1957 dollars), the equivalent of $ 65,100,000 in today's dollars. On 1 March 2011,

5077:", became the subject of several films. The Hungarian team won the game 4–0 and later was awarded the Olympic gold medal. 17061: 17013: 17003: 16212: 14619: 13752: 13318: 12809: 11724: 11664: 11551: 10444: 2207: 2187: 2035: 1847: 1413: 899: 720: 696: 506: 16925: 16409: 13861: 13789: 7732: 2690: 17768: 17668: 17190: 16920: 16882: 16842: 16832: 16827: 16641: 16397: 16301: 15654: 14749: 13727: 13612: 13566: 13561: 13507: 13364: 13251: 13023: 12855: 12742: 12221: 11880: 11540: 11520: 10107: 7975: 7719: 7573: 5855: 3773:

In Budapest, anti-communists and nationalists place a Hungarian national flag atop a demolished statue of Josef Stalin.

3714:; likewise, the MEFESZ student union held a parallel demonstration of Hungarians' political solidarity with the Poles. 3461: 2863: 2608: 2479: 2314: 2232: 2162: 2157: 2142: 1976:– the religious persecution of Hungarian Jews, and the political persecutions of Hungarian communists and of Hungarian 1692: 1483: 1463: 1328: 1203: 1163: 748: 8594:"Solidarność polsko-węgierska '56 (w relacjach prasy) [ Polish-Hungarian solidarity '56 (in press relations)]" 6281:

A hazai gazdaság négy évtizedének története 1945–1985 (The History of Four Decades of the National Economy, 1945–1985)

17663: 17602: 17387: 17262: 17176: 17066: 16792: 16646: 15386: 14949: 14219: 14160: 12965: 12584: 12530: 12525: 12473: 12468: 12458: 12423: 12418: 12408: 12398: 12376: 12371: 12348: 12343: 12318: 12294: 12289: 12274: 12134: 11886: 11763: 11582: 11470: 11386: 11263: 11237: 11212: 11154: 11135: 11104: 11062: 11041: 11022: 11003: 10980: 10955: 10601: 10180: 10040: 9918: 9883: 9752: 9366: 9217: 9128: 9095: 8477: 8262: 8194: 7955: 7632: 7519: 7468: 7335: 7141: 6949: 6477: 6409: 6357: 6288: 6207: 6139: 6090: 6025: 5884: 5645: 5345: 5176: 4976: 4395:

liberation of eastern Europe, Dulles told the USSR that: "We do not see these states as potential military allies."

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who was beholden to the USSR. To ensure ideological compliance within his Stalinist government, Rákosi used the ÁVH (

1843: 13957: 11342:

Mark, James. "Antifascism, the 1956 Revolution and the politics of communist autobiographies in Hungary 1944–2000".

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1–5, Budapest: a Magyar Népköztársaság Minisztertanácsa Tájekoztatási Hivatala, 1956–8; available in translation as

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Borhi, László (1999). "Containment, Rollback, Liberation or Inaction? The United States and Hungary in the 1950s".

8156:

Cold War International History Project: Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 1 November 1956

6492: 5994:"Chapter II. A (Developments before 22 October 1956), paragraphs 49 (p. 18), 379–380 (p. 122) and 382–385 (p. 123)" 5183: 5086: 5050:

stories are the subject of the article. In 2006, Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány referred to this famous

4230:

In the People's Republic of Hungary, the anti-communist militants concluded that "the Party is the incarnation of

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From the Western perspective, the countries of western Europe co-operated with the CIA's propaganda radio network,

2632: 2400: 2253: 2167: 1768: 1193: 758: 14767: 14629: 14313: 10415: 17758: 17743: 16719: 16602: 16453: 16392: 15809: 15190: 15119: 15019: 14897: 14669: 14659: 14246: 13633: 13229: 13214: 13155: 12960: 12720: 12705: 12646: 12005: 11546: 8010: 4869: 4363: 3006: 2827: 2534: 2488: 2274: 2212: 2197: 2047: 1672: 14584: 14471: 14459: 13369: 12860: 10393: 10379: 9932:"Situation Report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party by Malenkov-Suslov-Aristov (22 November 1956)" 6377: 5058:) commented "It is an idealised image but the faces of the figures are really the face of the revolutionaries". 4868:. Few Hungarians rejoined the reorganised Party, its leadership having been purged under the supervision of the 1877:

and of the natural resources of the country. Moreover, by 1955, the relatively free politics of Hungary allowed

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well-equipped foreign army crushing by overwhelming force a national movement and eliminating the Government".

4314: 4125:, the hardline faction of the CPSU voted for military intervention, but were opposed by Khrushchev and Marshal 3811: 3379: 2752: 2309: 2294: 2243: 1898: 1855: 1727: 1687: 1568: 1433: 843: 191: 154: 96: 14909: 14639: 14150: 13922: 10403:

of Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány in the Hungarian Parliament (23 October 2006). Retrieved 21 September 2008.

6705:

Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Resolution by Students of the Building Industry Technological University:

17723: 17693: 17521: 17511: 17277: 16724: 16473: 16187: 15202: 15155: 14919: 14842: 14574: 13352: 12843: 12594: 12323: 12149: 12144: 12099: 5082: 4932: 4523:) ordered the arrest of the Hungarian delegation, and the next day, the Soviet army again attacked Budapest. 4020:

consider the revolt as a "great, national and democratic event", and not an anti-communist counter-revolution

2856: 2842: 2576: 2330: 2248: 2126: 1637: 1318: 1118: 958: 862: 14634: 14343: 14266: 13937: 11352:

Nyyssönen, Heino, and Jussi Metsälä. "Building on legacy and tradition: commemorations of 1956 in Hungary".

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British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) reports on Nagy reburial with full honors. Retrieved 13 October 2006.

9779: 8845:"Policy Review of Voice For Free Hungary Programming from 23 October to 23 November 1956 (15 December 1956)" 4839: 4049: 17738: 17688: 17367: 17239: 17112: 16857: 16772: 16709: 16563: 16402: 15220: 15180: 15150: 15099: 14959: 14877: 14873: 14744: 14674: 14439: 14256: 13917: 13849: 13429: 13394: 13335: 13224: 13219: 13187: 13114: 12920: 12885: 12826: 12715: 12710: 12678: 12619: 12540: 12498: 12381: 11756: 10510: 10490: 9584:

Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Union and the 1956 Crises in Hungary and Poland: Reassessments and New Findings",

6493:

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, First Secretary, Communist Party of the Soviet Union (24–25 February 1956).

5584: 5479: 5463: 5438: 4652: 4638: 4558: 4439: 3711: 3533: 3451: 3439: 3384: 2837: 2792: 2747: 2551: 2546: 1383: 774: 17023: 8742:"Study Prepared for U.S. Army Intelligence "Hungary, Resistance Activities and Potentials" (January 1956)" 7650:"Chapter II. F (A Brief History of the Hungarian Uprising), paragraph 66 (p. 22) and footnote 26 (p. 183)" 7370:"Chapter II. F (Political Developments) II. G (Mr. Nagy clarifies his position), paragraphs 67–70 (p. 23)" 6680: 762: 17571: 17561: 17516: 17311: 17154: 17028: 16930: 16694: 16468: 16192: 15664: 15659: 15376: 15054: 14782: 14527: 14486: 14430: 14333: 14214: 14172: 14077: 13602: 13556: 13419: 13288: 13256: 13192: 13055: 13038: 12910: 12779: 12747: 12683: 12572: 12463: 12448: 12284: 11712: 6863: 5312: 5270: 5217: 5192: 4916: 4539: 4444: 4310: 3914: 3786: 3703: 3647: 3595: 2994: 2324: 2039:

workers' disposable income in 1952 was two-thirds of the disposable income of Hungarian workers in 1938.

1761: 1697: 1682: 1038: 1018: 970: 8938:

Imre Nagy's Telegram to Diplomatic Missions in Budapest Declaring Hungary's Neutrality (1 November 1956)

8415:"Working Notes and Attached Extract from the Minutes of the CPSU CC Presidium Meeting, October 31, 1956" 3727: 17698: 17653: 17448: 17441: 17407: 17132: 17071: 17039: 16950: 16837: 16327: 16029: 15250: 15235: 15225: 15079: 14679: 14167: 13970: 13737: 13464: 12955: 12493: 12483: 12453: 12443: 12058: 11998: 11974: 10680: 5316: 5078: 4204: 3473: 3468: 2807: 2618: 2335: 1926: 1914: 1825: 1667: 1213: 916:, and pledged to re-establish free elections. By the end of October the intense fighting had subsided. 883: 655: 622: 611: 8878: 8653: 5468: 4409:

In the U.S., two facts determined the inaction of the Eisenhower government: (i) the U.S. Army study,

4298: 4048:

uninvolved in the Russo–American Cold War. About 8000 political prisoners were released, most notably

3722:

In the afternoon of 23 October 1956, approximately 20,000 protestors met beside the statue of General

17185: 17149: 17053: 16892: 16258: 16134: 16079: 15899: 14887: 14594: 14155: 13767: 13684: 13303: 13197: 12794: 12688: 12488: 11644: 10995: 7541:"Chapter XII. D (Reassertion of Political Rights), paragraph 339 (p. 105) and paragraph 583 (p. 179)" 6224: 5579:(Counter-revolution); and, since 1990, the official term for the Hungarian Revolution is the phrase: 4865: 4565:

to fight German fascists. By 21:30 on 3 November, the Soviet Army had completely encircled Budapest.

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tanks patrolling the streets of Budapest, until the Red Army temporarily withdrew on 31 October 1956.

3580: 3374: 3332: 2720: 1813: 1558: 1453: 1258: 1248: 1063: 11406: 10100:'Hungary 1956: A Participant's Account' in The Stalinist Legacy: Its Impact on 20th-Century Politics 8800: 8063: 7425: 6443: 5626:

Logusz, Michael O. (1997). Galicia Division: The Waffen-SS 14th Grenadier Division 1943–1945. p. 49.

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in providing refuge to East Germans during the 1989 protests against communist rule. U.S. President

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before 23 October were reinforced; Soviet forces soon reached a total strength of 17 divisions. The

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became prime minister (1953–55) of the Hungarian People's Republic, in replacement of the Stalinist

207: 17648: 17551: 17486: 17352: 17323: 17225: 17220: 17137: 17046: 16872: 15884: 15451: 14714: 14604: 14358: 13902: 13444: 13150: 12935: 12641: 12216: 12020: 11835: 11483:, General Assembly, Official Records, Eleventh Session, Supplement No. 18 (A/3592), New York, 1957 11396: 11330: 11304:

Erőss, Ágnes. "'In memory of victims': Monument and counter-monument in Liberty Square, Budapest".

10715: 10643: 9411: 8244:, (by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars) Retrieved 10 October 2006 7678: 7597: 7405: 6734: 6603: 6314:". The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution (2003). Retrieved 27 August 2006. 6041: 5537: 5494: 5309: 5254: 5175:, a close ally of the PCI, opposed the Soviet intervention as well. Napolitano, elected in 2006 as 5074: 4572:

side of the Danube in two thrusts: one up the Soroksári road from the south and the other down the

4546: 2998: 1973: 1717: 1598: 1443: 211: 196: 15624: 11379:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents (National Security Archive Cold War Readers)

11298: 10144: 10076: 8378:, (by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars) Retrieved 8 October 2006 7216:, (by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars) Retrieved 8 October 2006 6448:"European Archival Evidence. Stalin and the Cold War in Europe" Workshop, Budapest, 1956 Institute 5821: 4195:

The militarists in the CPSU would not understand the USSR's failure to intervene in Hungary. That

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Hungary 1956 Revisited: The Message of a Revolution – a Quarter of a Century After

10539: 9484:"Chapter VIII. B (The Political Background of the Second Soviet Intervention), para 600 (p. 186)" 8128: 6648:"Notes from the Minutes of the CPSU CC Presidium Meeting with Satellite Leaders, 24 October 1956" 5498: 5286: 5241: 5200: 5172: 5134: 5110: 5042: 4647: 4247: 3792:

Also at 20:00 hrs, a crowd of nationalist and anti-communist protestors had gathered outside the

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Okváth, Imre (1999). "Hungary in the Warsaw Pact: The Initial Phase of Integration, 1957–1971".

6497:. Special Report at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Archived from 5368: 5348:

commemorated the fiftieth anniversary of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. U.S. Secretary of State

4406:

government of Hungary rejected the presence of UN observers in the Hungarian People's Republic.

4208: 2990: 2529: 1865:

Based upon the economic model of the USSR, the Hungarian Working People's Party established the

17753: 17397: 16867: 16656: 15904: 15408: 14802: 14476: 13952: 13712: 13707: 13500: 13234: 13050: 12725: 12246: 12181: 10501: 10481: 9305:"Chapter VII. D (The Political Background of the Second Soviet Intervention), para 291 (p. 89)" 6706: 5453: 5411: 5326:

In December 1991, the preamble of the treaties signed with the dismembered Soviet Union, under

5204: 5186:(CPGB) suffered the loss of thousands of party members following the events in Hungary. Though 4246:

influenced Khrushchev's decision to repress the Hungarian uprising. The deputy chairman of the

4231: 3928:

As Hungarian revolutionaries fought the soldiers and tanks of the Red Army with small arms and

3841:

Anti-communist Hungarian revolutionaries amid the damaged buildings of Budapest, November 1956.

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At the end of the Second World War (1939–1945), the Kingdom of Hungary was in the geopolitical

1423: 974: 16558: 16114: 12438: 11293:

Csipke, Zoltán. "The changing significance of the 1956 revolution in post-communist Hungary".

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K. Danilov "The Provocation Continues". International Affairs, No. 8, Vol. 3, 1957, pp. 54–61.

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Meanwhile, nationalist and anti-communist loyalties had fractured the chain of command of the

3726:, a national hero of Poland and Hungary. To the amassed crowd of protestors, the intellectual 2541: 1997:. According to their particular politics, anti-communist Hungarians were either imprisoned in 1944: 1862:

treaty of mutual assistance, which allowed stationing troops of Red Army soldiers in Hungary.

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The handing down of experiences in families of the politically condemned in Communist Hungary

4888: 4686: 4554: 4414: 4297:

Plaque commemorating Polish-Hungarian solidarity during the Hungarian revolution of 1956, at

4215:

movement, which installed a Polish Communist government less dependent on orders from Moscow.

3555: 3503: 3483: 3421: 3401: 3396: 3230: 3110: 3105: 3077: 3072: 2978: 2832: 2817: 2695: 2450: 2431: 1662: 10254:"Chapter I. E (Attempts to observe in Hungary and meet Imre Nagy), paragraphs 32–34 (p. 14)" 10055: 9745:

1956: European and global perspectives, Volume 1 of Global history and international studies

9112: 6239: 5778: 4784: 4367: 2916: 2909: 1949: 1906: 870: 17531: 17392: 17338: 17292: 17171: 17107: 17033: 16991: 16812: 16587: 15679: 15446: 15301: 15255: 15170: 15165: 14964: 14863: 14812: 14807: 14699: 14654: 14609: 14547: 14378: 14353: 14303: 14231: 14145: 13995: 13597: 13576: 12513: 12186: 12083: 12053: 11928: 11415:

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956: A Collection of Documents from the British Foreign Office

9663: 8219: 7901: 6324: 5353: 5152: 5062: 4923:

The remainder of the group was returned to Budapest in 1958. Nagy was executed, along with

4378:– prevented the West from criticizing the imperialism of the USSR; the U.S. vice president 4211:(June 1956) – the repression of which killed 57–78 anti-communist protestors – created the 4171: 4166:

The damaged headquarters of the Hungarian Communist Party, on Köztársaság tér, in Budapest.

4102: 4085: 3865: 3735: 3513: 3508: 3290: 3267: 3168: 3120: 3067: 3062: 3031: 2762: 2757: 2737: 2503: 1889:, which the Rákosi government earlier had banned for their politically incorrect politics. 1858:

was proclaimed and established as a socialist state, with whom the USSR then concorded the

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Documentary film 2007. The significant global effects of the Hungarian revolution of 1956.

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Journey to a Revolution: A Personal Memoir and History of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956

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by Csaba Békés & Malcolm Byrne (Published by Central European University Press, 2002,

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was invited to attend negotiations on Soviet withdrawal at the Soviet Military Command at

2042:

Besides paying for the Red Army occupation of socialist Hungary, the Hungarians also paid

1957: 770: 8: 17412: 17272: 17085: 17008: 16704: 16683: 16677: 16124: 16039: 16034: 15934: 15797: 15594: 15478: 15393: 15281: 15134: 15129: 15109: 15094: 15004: 14999: 14904: 14837: 14827: 14739: 14734: 14724: 14624: 14564: 14537: 14363: 14348: 14318: 14296: 14082: 14072: 13799: 13722: 13692: 13676: 13384: 13088: 13018: 12875: 12403: 12338: 12109: 11126: 10579: 9650: 8957: 8844: 8566: 8375: 7213: 6574: 6363: 6304: 5402: 5106: 4939: 4854: 4783:

On 23 October, the honest socialist Hungarians demonstrated against mistakes made by the

4738: 4550: 4076: 3954: 3933: 3847: 3617: 3590: 3543: 3528: 3444: 3364: 3342: 3337: 3295: 3225: 2797: 2070:. Moreover, participation in the Soviet-sponsored Council of Mutual Economic Assistance ( 1998: 1874: 1789: 1732: 1513: 1183: 1098: 966: 591: 537: 346: 14979: 14892: 11635:

The 1956 Hungarian revolution and the Soviet bloc countries: reactions and repercussions

10340: 10228:"Chapter I. D (Organization and Function of the Committee), paragraphs 1–26 (pp. 10–13)" 9931: 8979: 8770: 8741: 8414: 8212:"Hannah Arendt, Totalitarianism and the Revolutions in Central Europe: 1956, 1968, 1989" 7712: 6647: 6415: 6083:

Hungary's Negotiated Revolution: Economic Reform, Social Change and Political Succession

4999: 4808: 4709: 4501: 4403: 4270: 3920: 3889: 3305: 2598: 569: 383: 17595: 17526: 17493: 17427: 17377: 17282: 17208: 17018: 16967: 16940: 16800: 16714: 16597: 16278: 16074: 16059: 15984: 15964: 15959: 15944: 15791: 15539: 15291: 15175: 14929: 14832: 14817: 14729: 14719: 14694: 14689: 14454: 14408: 14323: 14308: 14251: 14067: 13990: 13866: 13757: 13747: 13474: 13078: 13060: 13013: 12995: 12975: 12614: 12366: 12264: 12236: 12119: 12104: 11718: 11615: 11602: 11589: 11439: 11279:

Cash, John Joseph. "Commemoration and Contestation of the 1956 Revolution in Hungary".

10809: 9628: 9113: 8826: 8700: 8512:"New Evidence on Soviet Decision-making and the 1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises" (PDF) 8078:"New Evidence on Soviet Decision-making and the 1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises" (PDF) 8051: 7915:"New Evidence on Soviet Decision-making and the 1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises" (PDF) 7413: 5148: 5118: 4931:, after secret trials in June 1958. Their bodies were placed in unmarked graves in the 4904: 4858: 4677: 4392: 4384: 4359: 4122: 4013: 3612: 3548: 3498: 3456: 3426: 3414: 3352: 3327: 3315: 3300: 3285: 3240: 3130: 3115: 2986: 2787: 2493: 2440: 1886: 1677: 1657: 1652: 1642: 1493: 1308: 1027: 962: 946: 827: 15974: 15803: 11397:

In the Line of Fire: New Archival Evidence on the Soviet Intervention in Hungary, 1956

11166:

Resistance, Rebellion and Revolution in Hungary and Central Europe: Commemorating 1956

11068: 10315: 9718:"The Hungarian Refugee Crisis of 1956 and the Challenges of Organizational Adaptation" 7079:"BLOODY THURSDAY, 1956: THE ANATOMY OF THE KOSSUTH SQUARE MASSACRE | Hungarian Review" 5890: 5277:, who took sanctuary in what was the Yugoslav embassy during the Hungarian Revolution. 4684:

as the last representative of the National Government remaining at his post. He wrote

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In February 1956, as the First Secretary of the CPSU, Nikita Khrushchev initiated the

2067: 17466: 17461: 17357: 17244: 16960: 16877: 16699: 16291: 16144: 16089: 16064: 16019: 15949: 15924: 15889: 15879: 15848: 15735: 15619: 15589: 15326: 15316: 15230: 15124: 14969: 14684: 14481: 14338: 14291: 14189: 14140: 14114: 14092: 13932: 13912: 13856: 13844: 13658: 13493: 13434: 13241: 13167: 13145: 12985: 12925: 12732: 12658: 12636: 12535: 12413: 12226: 12206: 12201: 12191: 12026: 11578: 11566: 11557: 11466: 11428: 11382: 11259: 11233: 11208: 11187: 11169: 11150: 11131: 11121: 11100: 11081: 11058: 11037: 11018: 10999: 10976: 10951: 10815: 10747: 10729: 10719: 10688: 10657: 10647: 10597: 10176: 10103: 10036: 9914: 9879: 9748: 9679: 9362: 9331:"Chapter VII. D (a silent carrier wave was detected until 9:45 am), para 292 (p. 89)" 9213: 9157: 9124: 9091: 8830: 8511: 8494: 8473: 8322: 8258: 8190: 8077: 8015: 7951: 7914: 7686: 7628: 7569: 7515: 7464: 7351: 7331: 7137: 6945: 6794: 6514: 6473: 6405: 6353: 6284: 6203: 6135: 6107: 6086: 6021: 5880: 5851: 5800: 5757:"Hungarian Refugee Cards, 1956-1957, Now Available in JDC Names Index | JDC Archives" 5641: 5423: 5364: 5327: 5144: 5130: 5122: 4991: 4761: 4746: 4134:(29 October – 7 November 1956) of the French and the British empires' seizure of the 4023:

effect an unconditional ceasefire and grant political amnesty for the revolutionaries

3945: 3869: 3818:

ordered the Red Army to occupy Budapest – the capital city of a Warsaw Pact country.

3793: 3600: 3570: 3538: 3478: 3310: 3205: 3195: 3125: 3100: 2950: 2715: 2641: 2498: 2031: 1930: 1866: 1588: 1473: 1002: 874: 518: 358: 320: 235: 16268: 15939: 11748: 8704: 8553:

The First Domino: International Decision Making During the Hungarian Crisis of 1956.

6754:"SIR – The Whole Body of Hungarian Intellectuals Has Issued the Following Manifesto" 6269:, Chapter 2 (The Society and Its Environment) "Religion and Religious Organizations" 5779:"Hungarian Refugees of 1956: From the Border to Austria, Camp Kilmer, and Elsewhere" 5595: 5541: 4329:

By 12 November, over 11,000 honorary blood donors had registered throughout Poland.

4285:

elements openly incited the employees of the Yugoslav security organs to violence."

4274: 3769: 3173: 396: 17611: 17541: 17536: 17417: 17328: 17249: 16377: 16054: 15979: 15909: 15894: 15874: 15821: 15604: 15599: 15579: 15529: 15519: 15346: 15311: 15296: 15245: 14974: 14914: 14754: 14413: 14393: 14102: 14044: 14038: 14005: 13985: 13975: 13824: 13625: 13617: 13469: 13424: 13330: 12970: 12915: 12821: 12562: 12333: 12303: 12269: 12114: 11698: 11691: 11621: 11608: 11595: 11015:

The First Domino: International Decision Making during the Hungarian Crisis of 1956

10497: 10477: 10197: 9817: 9382: 8818: 8801:"Managing Media Influence Operations: Lessons from Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" 8692: 7778:"Chapter XI (Revolutionary and Workers' Councils), paragraph 485–560 (pp. 154–170)" 5790: 5363:

In August 2023, a history textbook written by former Minister of Culture of Russia

5349: 5222: 5160: 4980: 4924: 4912: 4757: 4681: 4664: 4627: 4508: 4422: 4330: 4223: 4218:

Hungarian geopolitical neutrality and withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact breached the

4045: 4039:

On 1 November, the Nagy government formally declared Hungary's withdrawal from the

3982: 3949: 3929: 3575: 3493: 3391: 3359: 3235: 2928: 2893: 2508: 2010: 1632: 1298: 942: 895: 557: 446: 308: 11531:, containing documents and other source materials relating to the 1956 Revolution. 11321:

Gyáni, Gábor. "Revolution, uprising, civil war: the conceptual dilemmas of 1956".

11078:

One Day That Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy

9260:

One Day That Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy

8822: 8033: 7987: 7934: 7200:

One Day That Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy

5151:, supported the actions of the Soviet Union in suppressing the uprising. However, 4908: 482: 17546: 17501: 17479: 16972: 16945: 16862: 16592: 16553: 16414: 16273: 16129: 16119: 16104: 16084: 16069: 16044: 15989: 15754: 15722: 15614: 15574: 15336: 15331: 15271: 15212: 14944: 14822: 14649: 14614: 14522: 14517: 14241: 14135: 13809: 13742: 13732: 13697: 13653: 13640: 13592: 13246: 12990: 12737: 12589: 12557: 12231: 12211: 11570: 10883: 10860:(Press release). International Information Programs. 22 June 2006. Archived from 10463: 10456: 10419: 10400: 10019: 9635: 9390: 8944: 8886: 8728: 8538: 8518: 8163: 8084: 7921: 7611: 7395: 6858: 6740: 6498: 6429: 6384: 6331: 6311: 6048: 5548: 5430: 5234: 5037: 5030: 4955: 4873: 4730: 4538:

The second Soviet intervention, codenamed "Operation Whirlwind", was launched by

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and the 38th Army under Lieutenant General Hadzhi-Umar Mamsurov from the nearby

4035:

arrange the immediate withdrawal of the Red Army from Budapest and from Hungary

3734:), read a manifesto demanding Hungarian independence from all foreign powers; a 1805: 494: 464: 17616: 17472: 16734: 16729: 16099: 16024: 16014: 16009: 15869: 15609: 15398: 15321: 15049: 14954: 14704: 14644: 14276: 14194: 14097: 14057: 14027: 13927: 13882: 13172: 13162: 13073: 12900: 12663: 12653: 12030: 11907: 11898: 11868: 11735: 11727:– multicultural Canada oral history collection of revolution refugees in Canada 9966:"Chapter XIV.I.A, para 642 (p. 198), János Kádár's 15 points (4 November 1956)" 9386: 8899:"Hungary, 1956: Reviving the Debate over U.S. (In)action during the Revolution" 8696: 5388: 5357: 5282: 5245: 4994:

meets exiled Hungarian revolutionaries at Camp Roeder in Salzburg, 10 May 1957.

4877: 4843:

A monument commemorating those who died during the fighting on 25 October 1956.

4788: 4453: 4370:(22–24 October 1956), the Anglo–French intervention to Egyptian politics – the 4212: 4183: 4118: 3937: 3905: 3877: 3782: 3778: 3751: 3262: 3163: 3153: 3011: 2943: 2812: 2623: 2059: 1990: 1817: 1751: 333: 38: 9941:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 9066:"Chapter IV. E (Logistical deployment of new Soviet troops), para 181 (p. 56)" 8989:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 8854:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 8780:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 8751:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 8424:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 6707:

Sixteen Political, Economic, and Ideological Points, Budapest, 22 October 1956

6657:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 6283:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Közdazdasági és Jogi Könyvkiadó. pp. 214, 217. 5717: 5360:

also visited Hungary on 22 June 2006 to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary.

5159:, spoke out against the leadership's position, as did prominent party members 4742: 370: 17637: 17456: 16744: 16578: 16263: 16109: 16004: 15969: 15954: 15914: 15456: 15286: 15024: 14934: 14797: 14777: 14664: 14425: 14403: 14368: 13947: 13942: 13897: 13819: 13779: 13528: 13379: 13033: 12870: 12508: 11730: 11721:– personal stories of survival and escape from participants in the revolution 11641:

Hungary, 1956: Reviving the Debate over U.S. (In)action during the Revolution

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Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest, and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

9233: 8176: 6470:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest, and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

6146:

Gati describes "the most gruesome forms of psychological and physical torture

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Hungary, 1956: Reviving the Debate over U.S. (In)action During the Revolution

4379: 4342: 4126: 3815: 3257: 3190: 2938: 2889: 2822: 2685: 2613: 2566: 2350: 2075: 865:

to protest against the USSR's geopolitical domination of Hungary through the

846:(1949–1989) and the policies caused by the government's subordination to the 523: 469: 451: 433: 284: 248: 9399:] (in Hungarian). Vol. 4, 1935–1979. ifj. István Bibó, Tibor Huszár 7948:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

7862:"Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 30 October 1956" 7461:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

7134:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

6942:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

6267:(2nd ed.). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 320. 6132:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

5338: 5139: 3966: 3860: 3723: 3674:

On 13 October 1956, a group of 12 students from the university faculties in

408: 16458: 16355: 16343: 16049: 15999: 15929: 15919: 15773: 15761: 15748: 15554: 15381: 14882: 14130: 13980: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13535: 13298: 13131: 12789: 12313: 12279: 12034: 11847: 11561: 11485: 10294: 10273: 10253: 10227: 9991: 9965: 9564: 9538: 9512: 9483: 9457: 9431: 9330: 9304: 9278: 9187: 9065: 9039: 9013: 8917: 8393: 7804:"Chapter II. E (Revolutionary and Workers' Councils), paragraph 63 (p. 22)" 7803: 7777: 7670: 7649: 7540: 7489: 7369: 7305: 7279: 7231: 7162: 7111: 7057: 7031: 7002: 6976: 6919: 6893: 6832: 6718: 6621: 6540:"Chapter II. A (Developments before 22 October 1956), paragraph 48 (p. 18)" 6539: 6185:"Budapest Jews Score Anti-semitic Tenor of Statement by Hungarian Cardinal" 5993: 5967: 5941: 5915: 5666: 5529: 5208: 5168: 5097: 4892: 4814:

Hungarian patriots, with Soviet assistance, smashed the counter-revolution.

4573: 3777:

At 20:00 hrs, the first secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party,

3755: 2974: 2892:

allowed the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) to proceed with the

2279: 2105: 2090: 2063: 1977: 1969: 1938: 1878: 1835: 954: 847: 138: 12550: 11097:

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956: Reform, Revolt and Repression, 1953–1963

10709: 10637: 9565:"Chapter V. B (The Second Soviet Military Intervention), para 200 (p. 62)" 9279:"Chapter V. B (The Second Soviet Military Intervention), para 188 (p. 58)" 8980:"Minutes of the Nagy Government's Fourth Cabinet Meeting, 1 November 1956" 8038:. Budapest: The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution 6833:"Chapter II. C (The First Shots), para 55 (p. 20) & para 464 (p. 149)" 6262: 5795: 5207:'s policy of supporting Soviet actions. The French philosopher and writer 3707: 16507: 16094: 15699: 15669: 15524: 15514: 15413: 15276: 15069: 14558: 14388: 14373: 14184: 14032: 14000: 13887: 13702: 13607: 13546: 13404: 12895: 12624: 12545: 12478: 12308: 10711:

The cultural revolution at the margins : Chinese socialism in crisis

10677:

Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State

10639:

The cultural revolution at the margins : Chinese socialism in crisis

9147: 8611: 6197: 5879:. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana. pp. 139–152. 5212: 5187: 5114: 5093: 4960: 4798: 4623: 4605: 4597: 4586: 4569: 4562: 4371: 4351: 4282: 4219: 4131: 4040: 3759: 3739: 3585: 2970: 2742: 2732: 2382: 2341: 2319: 1994: 1956:

In 1949, the Rákosi government arrested, tortured and convicted Cardinal

1809: 950: 920: 913: 11681: 11673: 11054:

Diplomacy in a Whirlpool: Hungary between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia

10564:

The following are references in English on the conflicting positions of

7933:

The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution: Part 3.

7751: 6719:

United Nations Report of the Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary

6402:

Diplomacy in a Whirlpool: Hungary between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia

6350:

Diplomacy in a Whirlpool: Hungary between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia

5877:

Diplomacy in a Whirlpool: Hungary between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia

5137:(PCI) suffered a split. According to the official newspaper of the PCI, 4953:

was one of the left leaders of the Hungarian uprising and member of the

3632: 1842:. The brief, four‑year period of multi-party democracy ended when the 1722: 17372: 15853: 15564: 15534: 15488: 15403: 15371: 15363: 15306: 14994: 14709: 14398: 14286: 13892: 13439: 13389: 13308: 13177: 12930: 12880: 12799: 12668: 11314:

Gyáni, Gábor. "Memory and discourse on the 1956 Hungarian revolution".

11248:

Diplomacy at the Brink: Eisenhower, Churchill, and Eden in the Cold War

10884:"Soviet invasions of Hungary and Czechoslovakia were wrong, Putin says" 10811:

Imagining Postcommunism: Visual Narratives of Hungary's 1956 Revolution

10412: 9161: 8394:"Chapter II. J (Mr. Kádár forms a government), para. 77–78 (pp. 26–27)" 6798: 5916:"Chapter II. A (Developments before 22 October 1956), para. 47 (p. 18)" 5305:

has Hungarian Freedom Park, named in 1968 to commemorate the uprising.

5249: 5070: 5055: 4594: 4542: 4516: 4512: 4464: 4449: 4375: 4251: 4243: 4135: 3881: 3607: 3200: 3039: 2705: 2583: 2006: 1922: 898:(councils of workers) assumed control of municipal government from the 839: 272: 260: 14507: 11569:

Andy Anderson's pamphlet, written in 1964 and originally published by

11547:

Universal Pictures and Warner Pathé newsreels regarding the revolution

10910:"Hungary's Energy Supply is Guaranteed, Says Russian Foreign Minister" 10617: 7826:"NATO in the Beholder's Eye: Soviet Perceptions and Policies, 1949–56" 5575:("uprising"); in the Communist period of 1957–1988, the term used was 5225:, still a determined Communist, criticised the Soviets in his article 2013:, the minister of the interior who established the ÁVH secret police. 16497: 16360: 16149: 15994: 15843: 15816: 15629: 15584: 15493: 15461: 15441: 15433: 14762: 14552: 12518: 11031: 9207: 9085: 8814: 8612:"Węgry: odsłonięto pomnik polskiej solidarności i pomocy w 1956 roku" 7734:

Hungary '56: "the proletariat storming heaven" – Mouvement Communiste

7447:

The counter-revolutionary conspiracy of Imre Nagy and his accomplices

5274: 5113:

as food rations, clothing and other essentials, had amounted to some

5007: 5003: 4900: 4884: 4857:

continued until mid-1957, causing economic disruption. By 1963, most

4590: 4347: 4346:

Dutch anti-communists march in support of the Hungarian Revolution. (

3898: 3851: 3220: 3158: 2905: 2897: 2593: 2395: 2095: 2079: 1910: 1902: 981:(22 June 1941), the invasion of the USSR. In the event, by 1944, the 909: 866: 427: 9869: 9664:

Minutes of the Meeting between the Hungarian and Chinese Delegations

8593: 6404:. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana. p. 158. 5293:

Plaza. There is also a monument of "A Boy From Pest" in the town of

4734: 4534:

armored personnel carrier burns on a Budapest street, November 1956.

4323: 4319: 3781:

broadcast a hardline speech condemning the political demands of the

16:

Citizen rebellion in Communist Hungary repressed by the Soviet Union

16817: 16757: 15728: 15569: 15466: 15341: 15160: 15064: 14204: 14062: 13516: 13454: 13083: 12945: 11954: 11902: 11574: 8356:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 1999 7871:. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 30 October 1956 7393: 5536:, Maksim Moshkow's Library) list 31,550 soldiers, 1,130 tanks, and 5294: 4944: 4568:

At 03:00 on 4 November, Soviet tanks penetrated Budapest along the

4418: 4388: 4090: 3941: 3252: 2973:, the USSR established the Warsaw Pact with seven countries of the 2767: 2465: 982: 854: 744: 30: 14848:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

10836:"U.S. State Department Commemorates the 1956 Hungarian Revolution" 10295:"Chapter II. N (Summary of conclusions), paragraph 89 (pp. 30–32)" 10056:"On This Day 16 June 1989: Hungary reburies fallen hero Imre Nagy" 7835:. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Archived from 6168:"József Mindszenty: An inveterate anti-Semite or a national hero?" 5371:

said "labelling these people as fascists is simply unacceptable".

4920:

his jailers "carelessly pushed a feeding tube down his windpipe".

4273:

as the new leader of the People's Republic of Hungary, instead of

2937:, which catalogued and denounced the abuses of power committed by 1792:

of the USSR. In the political aftermath of the War, Hungary was a

16788: 16543: 16502: 15674: 15559: 15549: 15498: 15039: 13784: 11966: 11818: 11791: 11783: 11225:

A History of Hungary: From Liberation to Revolution (pp. 368–383)

9816:(154). Society of the Hungarian Quarterly: 86–101. Archived from 9688:

The Counter-Revolutionary Forces in the October Events in Hungary

9156:. London: D. Dobson. Chapter 9 (The Second Soviet Intervention). 7443:

The counter-revolutionary forces in the October events in Hungary

5019: 5015: 5011: 4829:

The Counter-Revolutionary Forces in the October Events in Hungary

4705: 4620: 4609: 4601: 4531: 4278: 3975: 3747: 3684: 3215: 3148: 2901: 2445: 2389: 2346: 2071: 1961: 1918: 1859: 1839: 1608: 925: 890: 858: 634: 10838:(Press release). American Hungarian Federation. 13 February 2006 10195: 8135:. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution 4656: 4094: 3680: 16312: 15742: 15544: 15483: 14418: 12022: 11872: 10516: 10316:

Resolution 1312 (XIII) The Situation in Hungary (Item 59, p. 69

8521:, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, pp. 373–374. 7669: 7101: 7099: 6066:

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956: Reform, Revolt and Repression

5533: 5528:(1957) estimated 75,000–200,000 soldiers and 1,600–4,000 tanks 5505: 5302: 5298: 4775: 4753: 4668: 4660: 4302: 4098: 3961: 3688: 3675: 3210: 1088: 13129: 10623:

Le Web de l'Humanite, 21 June 2005. Retrieved 24 October 2006.

8242:

Report from A. Grechko and Tarasov in Berlin to N. A. Bulganin

7490:"Chapter II. F (Political developments), paragraph 66 (p. 22)" 7021: 7019: 6104:

Budapest 1900: A Historical Portrait of a City and its Culture

4507:

On 3 November, a Hungarian delegation led by Defence Minister

4309:

The events in Hungary were met with a spontaneous reaction in

3932:

in the streets of Budapest, throughout Hungary, revolutionary

2016:

The Rákosi government politicised the education system with a

1802:

Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and the Civic Party

919:

Although initially willing to negotiate the withdrawal of the

16227: 16183:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

15689: 15472: 13551: 10413:

Statement with the Hungarian Prime Minister (11 October 2006)

10122:

Johns Hopkins University Professor Charles Gati, in his book

9662:

George Washington University: The National Security Archive,

9649:

George Washington University: The National Security Archive,

8806:

International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence

6278: 5092:

On Sunday, January 6, 1957, as millions of Americans watched

4947:, he finally left the embassy for Austria in September 1971. 4752:

The last holdouts against the Soviet assault were located in

4431:

International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence

2258: 734: 11552:"On this day 4 November 1956: Soviet troops overrun Hungary" 11036:. New York: Central European University Press. p. 350. 9212:. New York: Central European University Press. p. 350. 9090:. New York: Central European University Press. p. 350. 7096: 5640:. New York: Central European University Press. p. 370. 5418:

Cultural representations of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956

5143:, most ordinary members and the Party leadership, including 4733:

captured Parliament and liberated captured ministers of the

4448:, states that the RFE broadcasts sanctioned by CIA official 15767: 15649: 13541: 13485: 11946: 11222:

Sugar, Peter F. (1994). Hanak, Peter; Frank, Tibor (eds.).

7016: 5156: 4896: 4801:) forces stationed in Hungary to assist in restoring order. 4797:

The honest Hungarian people under Nagy appealed to Soviet (

4724:

Rubble after the end of fighting in Budapest's 8th District

4631: 4583: 4578: 4155: 4109:

Parliament to assure the Nagy government of their support.

3702:

against the USSR's geopolitical hegemony upon Hungary. The

3247: 2304: 2269: 2132: 1068: 725: 702: 11377:

Bekes, Csaba; Byrne, Malcolm; Rainer, Janos, eds. (2003).

11371:

A Student's Diary: Budapest, October 16 – November 1, 1956

8087:, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, p. 369. 7924:, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, p. 368. 5746:(2007) Third Edition, George Childs Kohn, Ed. pp. 237–238. 4515:, near Budapest. At around midnight that evening, General 912:

disbanded the ÁVH, declared Hungary's withdrawal from the

16222: 16202: 16197: 11481:

Report of the Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary

9666:

in Budapest on 16 January 1957, Retrieved 7 December 2008

6428:

Library of Congress: Country Studies: Hungary, Chapter 3

6422: 5583:(Revolution and the Fight for Freedom), which evokes the 5414:", an Italian song about the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 4520: 3981:

The Nagy government freed the political prisoner General

1933:(1936–1939) interfered with Stalin's long-term plans for 601: 11032:

Györkei, Jenõ; Kirov, Alexandr; Horvath, Miklos (1999).

9208:

Györkei, Jenõ; Kirov, Alexandr; Horvath, Miklos (1999).

9086:

Györkei, Jenõ; Kirov, Alexandr; Horvath, Miklos (1999).

8302:

The Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact

7354:. Polit.ru (30 October 2006). Retrieved 28 October 2016. 6920:"Chapter II. C (The First Shots), paras. 56–57 (p. 20.)" 6162: 6160: 5598:, the Oxford English Dictionary distinguishes between a 1929:, for being "Western agents" whose participation in the 11200:

Twelve Days: The Story of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution

11057:. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana. 8720:

Richard Lettis and William I. Morris, Eds., Appendices

8032:

Szakolczai, Attila. Pál, Germuska; Zoltán, Lux (eds.).

6352:. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana. 5718:"The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents" 4690:, a stirring proclamation to the nation and the world. 2971:

Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance

2961:

of the internal politics of the Warsaw Pact countries.

2904:

and orders from Moscow. Hence, the reformist communist

10543: 8567:"Solidarność polsko-węgierska '56 – Norbert Wójtowicz" 7566:

Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1944–1956

5490:

Significant events of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956

5253:

of the party and from outside of the party during the

5167:, and many others influential in the Communist Party. 4861:

from the 1956 Hungarian Revolution had been released.

4154:

The Soviet repression of the Hungarian Revolution saw

889:

Consequently, Hungarians organized into revolutionary

17674:

Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe

13326:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

12817:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

11778: 11686:

Multi award-winning animated documentary produced by

10314:

United Nations General Assembly, Thirteenth Session:

9939:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

9913:, p. L. Central European University Press: Budapest. 9909:

Békés, Csaba, Malcolm Byrne, János M. Rainer (2002).

9876:

The 1956 Hungarian revolution: a history in documents

9747:. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag. p. 16. 9676:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents

9653:(Budapest, 6 January 1957), Retrieved 7 December 2008 9502: 9500: 9177: 9175: 9110: 8987:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

8852:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

8778:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

8749:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

8422:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

8354:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

7737:. Libcom.org (19 July 2011). Retrieved on 2016-10-28. 6655:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

6157: 4938:

During the November 1956 Soviet assault on Budapest,

4226:

by which the USSR protected themselves from invasion.

2727:

De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania

853:

The Hungarian Revolution began on 23 October 1956 in

214:(clashes with Soviets in the Hungarian border region) 10331:. Volume 1. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. p. 20. 9597:

Péter Gosztonyi, "Az 1956-os forradalom számokban",

9234:"Soviet army uniform, Budapest 1956 | Русский Париж" 7445:

1–5 (volumes after 2 variously titled, including 5:

5378: 4060:("Petőfi Party"), reappeared to join the coalition. 3804: 10782:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2003. Archived from 10445:

Hungary: New Film Revisits 1956 Water-Polo Showdown

10196:United Nations Secretary-General (5 January 1957). 8470:

Ungernrevolten 1956: Tolv dagar som skakade världen

8111:

Ungernrevolten 1956: Tolv dagar som skakade världen

8098:

Ungernrevolten 1956: Tolv dagar som skakade världen

7439:

Ellenforradalmi erők a magyar októberi eseményekben

6894:"Chapter II. C (The First Shots), para. 56 (p. 20)" 6883: 6881: 6822: 6820: 5635: 3700:

Sixteen Political, Economic, and Ideological Points

873:. A delegation of students entered the building of 861:appealed to the civil populace to join them at the 11620:is available for free viewing and download at the 11607:is available for free viewing and download at the 11594:is available for free viewing and download at the 11509:"The Hungarian Revolution-Uprising, Budapest 1956" 11381:. Central European University Press. p. 600. 11228:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 11147:The Hungarian Revolt: 23 October – 4 November 1956 11145:Morris, William E. (2001). Lettis, Richard (ed.). 9878:. Central European University Press. p. 364. 9497: 9172: 8532:"Yugoslav Diplomat who Defied Soviet Leaders Dies" 6444:"Stalin and Rákosi, Stalin and Hungary, 1949–1953" 6398:"Chapter IX (Soviet Russia and Hungary's Economy)" 6279:Bognár, Sándor; Iván Pető; Sándor Szakács (1985). 6198:Marshall J. Breger, Herbert R. Reginbogin (2022). 5199:In France, moderate communists, such as historian 4998:In January 1957, United Nations Secretary-General 4490:1 November newsreel about the situation in Hungary 4374:caused by Britain and France seizing the Egyptian 3924:Protesters kicking the body of a slain AVH soldier 2997:. In October, the Polish government appointed the 1059:The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest 10858:"Hungary a Model for Iraq, Bush Says in Budapest" 10572:Antonio Giolitti and party boss Palmiro Togliatti 10329:Biographical dictionary of European labor leaders 9870:Csaba Békés; Malcolm Byrne; János Rainer (2002). 9742: 9609: 9607: 8771:"Minutes of the 290th NSC Meeting (12 July 1956)" 8678: 8676: 8674: 8152: 8150: 8129:"Decision in the Kremlin, 1956 – The Malin Notes" 6793:. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company. pp. 9–84. 6325:Armistice Agreement with Hungary; 20 January 1945 6085:, p. 317. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. 6018:Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century–and After 3850:. In a national radio broadcast, PM Nagy asked a 17635: 16168:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 13341:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944) 12832:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944) 12162:List of battles involving the Russian Federation 11740: 11525:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 11376: 11250:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press 10946:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 10432:Melbourne/Stockholm 1956 (All facts) Olympic.org 9841:"The resettlement of Hungarian refugees in 1956" 9357:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 9253: 9251: 8556:Texas A & M University Press, 2004 (p. 103). 8374:Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), 8240:Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), 7714:Hungary: workers' councils against Russian tanks 7675:"Video: Report on the 1956 Hungarian Revolution" 7212:Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), 6878: 6817: 5237:were particularly supportive of the revolution. 5085:in 1957, citing the presence of a team from the 4959:editorial committee. In an interview he gave to 2009:; the victims included the communist politician 75:23 October – 4 November 1956 14605:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 14012:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 13460:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts 13375:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953) 12951:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts 12866:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953) 11182:Schmidl, Erwin A. & Ritter, László. (2006) 11017:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 323. 10198:Report of the Secretary-General Document A/3485 9799: 9797: 7823: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7179: 6601:Berichte aus Budapest: Der Ungarn Aufstand 1956 6441: 3696:Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1883:Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1846:merged with the Communist Party and became the 1829: 903: 10814:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 85. 9645: 9643: 9604: 8671: 8147: 6495:"On the Personality Cult and its Consequences" 6297: 6222: 6059: 6057: 6012: 6010: 5816: 5814: 5221:, criticising the West's lack of action. Even 4981:The Secretary-General of NATO Paul-Henri Spaak 4400:United Nations Security Council Resolution 120 2094:In the Eastern bloc, Hungarian Prime Minister 129: 63:23 June – 11 November 1956 17684:Cold War military history of the Soviet Union 16773: 16328: 13501: 13314:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940) 13115: 12805:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940) 12006: 11764: 11034:Soviet Military Intervention in Hungary, 1956 10469: 10051: 10049: 9248: 9210:Soviet Military Intervention in Hungary, 1956 9088:Soviet Military Intervention in Hungary, 1956 6674: 6672: 5638:Soviet Military Intervention in Hungary, 1956 4642:Corvin Cinema after the end of the revolution 4411:Hungary, Resistance Activities and Potentials 3655: 2915:Despite not being prime minister of Hungary, 2864: 1769: 16244:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 13795:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 11725:1956 Hungarian Memorial Oral History Project 11273: 10683:monograph series. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 10343:. Gravsted.dk. Retrieved on 28 October 2016. 9794: 9767: 8877:CNN: Géza Jeszenszky, Hungarian Ambassador, 8798: 8718:Hungarian Revolt, 23 October–4 November 1956 8541:, Radio Free Europe Research, 5 August 1982. 7817: 7176: 6721:. p. 145, para 441. Retrieved 11 April 2007. 6642: 6640: 6638: 6519:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5822:"History of Hungary: War and renewed defeat" 5636:Györkei, J.; Kirov, A.; Horvath, M. (1999). 4358:On 24 October 1956, U.S. Secretary of State 4337: 4067:A crowd cheers Hungarian troops in Budapest. 2955:On the Personality Cult and its Consequences 2934:On the Personality Cult and its Consequences 2005:or were killed, either summarily or after a 1905:state headed by the Communist government of 1800:produced a coalition government composed of 15105:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 13267:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930) 13262:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929) 12758:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930) 12753:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929) 11535:Institute of Revolutionary History, Hungary 11115:Explosion: The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 10618:L'intellectuel et les communistes français 10290:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 10276:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 10249:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 10223:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9987:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9961:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9640: 9560:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9534:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9508:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9479:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9453:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9427:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9326:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9300:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9274:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9183:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9061:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9035:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9009:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 8913:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 8651: 8389:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 8247: 7799:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7773:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7645:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7536:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7485:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7365:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7352:Олег Филимонов: Мифы о восстании – ПОЛИТ.РУ 7301:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7275:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7227:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7158:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7107:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7053:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7027:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6998:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6972:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6915:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6889:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6828:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6617:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6535:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6101: 6077: 6075: 6054: 6007: 5989:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5963:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5937:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5911:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5905: 5903: 5901: 5811: 5662:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5602:, which deposes a government, and an armed 5526:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5485:Romanian anti-communist resistance movement 5260: 2924:', and refused to resign as PM of Hungary. 1824:After the election in 1945, control of the 16780: 16766: 16335: 16321: 16208:United States involvement in regime change 13763:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 13508: 13494: 13122: 13108: 12074:Military history of the Russian Federation 12013: 11999: 11771: 11757: 11460: 11455:On Communism: In Defense of the New Course 11258:. Books for Libraries Press. p. 380. 10591: 10046: 10011:International Committee of the Red Cross: 9924: 9803: 8722:The Hungary Question in the United Nations 8407: 8308: 8277: 8257:, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2005, 7969: 7967: 7950:. Stanford University Press. p. 177. 7463:. Stanford University Press. p. 173. 7136:. Stanford University Press. p. 159. 6944:. Stanford University Press. p. 160. 6678: 6669: 6430:Economic Policy and Performance, 1945–1985 6179: 6177: 5029:The chairman of the Special Committee was 4547:five Soviet divisions stationed in Hungary 3858:At the offices of the communist newspaper 3662: 3648: 3017: 2964: 2871: 2857: 1812:. Nonetheless, on behalf of the USSR, the 1776: 1762: 12324:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689) 11628: 11514: 11196: 11012: 10943:Democracy, Revolution, Self-Determination 9776:IX. International Oral History Conference 9354:Democracy, Revolution, Self-Determination 9142: 9140: 8901:. National Security Archive. 10 May 2017. 8591: 8314: 8268: 7563: 7214:KGB Chief Serov's report, 29 October 1956 6782: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6635: 6472:. Stanford University Press. p. 64. 6202:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 127. 6134:. Stanford University Press. p. 49. 6125: 6123: 5794: 5654: 5449:List of conflicts related to the Cold War 5444:Foreign interventions by the Soviet Union 4326:. Other such initiatives were prevented. 1937:. Among the Stalinist governments of the 1850:, whose candidate stood unopposed in the 182: 145: 16479:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 11149:(Reprint ed.). Simon Publications. 11120: 10496: 10476: 9872:"Hungary in the Aftermath, Introduction" 9629:Retrieved 2007-10-8 Hungarian-history.hu 9389:[Declaration, 4 November 1956]. 7404:. CBS. HU OSA 306–0–1:40. Archived from 6072: 5898: 5596:(U.S. State Dept. background on Hungary) 5264: 5081:declined an invitation to the inaugural 5041:named the Hungarian Freedom Fighter its 4986: 4838: 4719: 4700:("Russians go home!") slogan in Budapest 4692: 4637: 4614: 4525: 4478: 4341: 4292: 4263:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 4161: 4149: 4062: 4052:. Banned political parties, such as the 4002: 3919: 3836: 3828: 3820: 3768: 2089: 2052:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1952:addresses an audience in Budapest, 1948. 1943: 1917:) to purge 7,000 politically dissident " 1838:and false accusations, imprisonment and 886:) fatally shot several of the students. 14334:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 12285:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747) 12155:List of wars involving the Soviet Union 11543:Videos of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution 11130:(reissue ed.). New York: Fawcett. 11075: 11050: 10519:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 10457:Szabadság, szerelem (Children of Glory) 10165: 9257: 9111:Schmidl, Erwin; Ritter, László (2006). 9053: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8115:Khrushchev and the first Russian Spring 7964: 7907: 7197: 6699: 6572: 6561:Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA 6395: 6343: 6323:The Avalon Project at Yale Law School: 6305:Transformation of the Hungarian economy 6174: 5870: 5845: 5776: 5693:"This Day in History: November 4, 1956" 5563:Alternate names for the revolution are 5532:(p. 56). Soviet archives (available in 5190:, correspondent for the CPGB newspaper 4767: 4519:, Chief of the Soviet Security Police ( 3730:, the president of the Writers' Union ( 3022: 2085: 1983: 542: 17636: 16583:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 16178:Russian espionage in the United States 14450:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 13415:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 13346:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 13205:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920) 13183:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919 12906:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 12837:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 12696:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920) 12674:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919 12388:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739) 12064:Military history of the Russian Empire 11935:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 11731:From the noon bell to the lads of Pest 11529:Cold War International History Project 11281:Comparative Hungarian Cultural Studies 11253: 11144: 11094: 10964: 10631: 10629: 9768:Molnár, Adrienne; et al. (1996). 9137: 8299: 8175: 8126: 8031: 7890:"When the Soviet Union nearly blinked" 7869:Cold War International History Project 7833:Cold War International History Project 7509: 6786: 6771: 6260: 6120: 6095: 6063: 5587:. Linguistically, whereas the English 4269:) who persuaded Khrushchev to install 4089:councils was not always bloodless; in 4032:establish a national guard for Hungary 2046:(US$ 300 million) to the USSR, to the 997:(12 March 1944) to establish the Nazi 16761: 16549:1949 East German State Railway strike 16521:World Federation of Democratic Youth 16316: 16173:Soviet espionage in the United States 14329:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 14108:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 13773:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 13489: 13103: 13056:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020) 12434:Russian colonization of North America 11994: 11752: 11739: 11604:Hungarian Revolution Aftermath (1956) 11221: 11163: 10807: 10517:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 9736: 9588:, Vol. 33, No. 2, April 1998, p. 210. 9344: 9146: 9115:The Hungarian Revolution 1956 (Elite) 8682: 8133:Paper presented at Rutgers University 7927: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7761: 7559: 7557: 5777:Niessen, James P. (11 October 2016). 5155:, chief of the communist trade union 4741:government. Among the liberated were 4704:At 06:00, 4 November, in the town of 4112: 3717: 2993:against the economic policies of the 1854:. Afterwards, on 20 August 1949, the 1852:1949 Hungarian parliamentary election 1798:1945 Hungarian parliamentary election 16787: 16420:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan 16249:Soviet Union–United States relations 14600:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 12069:Military history of the Soviet Union 11702:Drama film on the life of Imre Nagy. 11558:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Archive 11521:1956 Hungarian Revolution Collection 10989: 10939: 10668: 10352:United Nations Yearbook. 1957. p. 63 9350: 8866: 8638:Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 8598:Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 8209: 8127:Rainer, János M. (1 November 1996). 7945: 7568:. New York: Doubleday. p. 459. 7458: 7325: 7131: 6939: 6573:Halsall, Paul, ed. (November 1998). 6467: 6376:Magyar Nemzeti Bank – English Site: 6200:The Vatican and Permanent Neutrality 6129: 5873:"Chapter VIII (Hungary, a Republic)" 4915:'s widow, Júlia, took refuge in the 4553:under command of Lieutenant General 4428:According to A. Ross Johnson in the 4362:(r. 1953–1959) recommended that the 3974:communist newspaper. At the town of 3936:assumed government power and called 2406:World Federation of Democratic Youth 1892: 1008: 16213:Soviet involvement in regime change 13319:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 12810:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 11448:Hungarian Workers' Councils in 1956 10801: 10674: 10626: 10097: 9851:from the original on 5 January 2024 9838: 9617:. Princeton University Press. 1964. 9458:"Chapter VIII.B, para 596 (p. 185)" 9188:"Chapter V.C, para 196 (pp. 60–61)" 8918:"Chapter VIII.D, para 336 (p. 103)" 7973: 7058:"Chapter II.N, para 89(ix) (p. 31)" 5968:"Chapter II.N, para 89(xi) (p. 31)" 4973:had come to a stalemate in Europe. 4387:." Despite earlier demands for the 2883: 2036:disposable and discretionary income 2024: 936: 13: 16642:Sovietization of the Baltic states 16254:Soviet Union–United States summits 13728:1947 Polish parliamentary election 13613:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 13365:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 12856:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 12222:1993 Russian constitutional crisis 11363: 11168:. London: UCL SSEES. p. 361. 10932: 10707: 10635: 10542:. 14 February 2015. Archived from 10143:. 24 December 1956. Archived from 9804:Cseresnyés, Ferenc (Summer 1999). 9743:Fink, Carole; et al. (2006). 9715: 8958:"Andropov Report, 1 November 1956" 8799:Ross Johnson, A. (December 2018). 8113:(2006), p. 286. (Cites Burlatsky, 7758: 7617: 7554: 7319: 7306:"Chapter XII.B, para 565 (p. 174)" 7253:1956 Counter-Revolution in Hungary 6712: 6579:Internet Modern History Sourcebook 6442:János M. Rainer (4 October 1997). 5942:"Chapter IX D, para. 426 (p. 133)" 5850:. US: Penguin Books. p. 506. 4663:, and in the industrial centre of 4474: 4459:In 1998, the Hungarian ambassador 4288: 4026:negotiate with the revolutionaries 3846:became prime minister in place of 2480:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 14: 17785: 16513:World Federation of Trade Unions 15015:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 14950:United States invasion of Grenada 14220:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 14161:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 13230:Red Army intervention in Mongolia 12721:Red Army intervention in Mongolia 11706: 11501: 11450:(East European Monographs, 1990). 11335:Heller, Ágnes, and Ferenc Fehér. 10752:The Cultural Landscape Foundation 10169:Simpson's Contemporary Quotations 10075:. 11 October 1971. Archived from 9432:"Chapter VII.E, para 296 (p. 90)" 7723:Issue: 112 (Posted: 12 October 6) 6732:The First Hours of the Revolution 5667:"Chapter V, footnote 8" 5177:President of the Italian Republic 4977:Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo 4467:(1950–1953). Moreover, the study 4201:workers' uprising in East Germany 4121:and the Hungarian Revolt. Led by 3998: 3805:Deposing the communist government 1844:Hungarian Social Democratic Party 1414:Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen 51:cut out as a revolutionary symbol 16730:January 1991 events in Lithuania 16388:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina 16342: 15090:United States invasion of Panama 14940:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 14580:1971 Turkish military memorandum 14543:Communist insurgency in Thailand 14513:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 14445:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 14272:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 14200:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 13718:Restatement of Policy on Germany 13284:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 12775:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 12568:Russian conquest of Central Asia 12504:Russian conquest of the Caucasus 12300:Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618) 12242:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 11650: 11417:(Nottingham: Astra Press, 1995). 11405: 10902: 10876: 10850: 10828: 10765: 10740: 10701: 10610: 10585: 10558: 10532: 10450: 10437: 10425: 10406: 10387: 10378:. 7 January 1957. Archived from 10364: 10355: 10346: 10334: 10321: 10308: 10282: 10267: 10241: 10215: 10189: 10159: 10129: 10116: 10091: 10061: 10025: 10005: 9979: 9953: 9903: 9863: 9832: 9761: 9709: 9693: 9669: 9656: 9620: 9591: 9578: 9552: 9526: 9471: 9445: 9419: 9387:"Nyilatkozat, 1956. November 4." 9381: 9375: 9318: 9292: 9266: 9226: 9201: 9104: 9079: 9027: 9001: 8972: 8950: 8931: 8905: 8891: 8837: 8792: 8763: 8734: 8711: 8645: 8629: 8604: 8585: 8559: 8544: 8524: 8504: 8483: 8462: 8449: 8436: 8381: 8368: 8342: 8293: 8234: 8210:Auer, Stefan (25 October 2006). 8203: 8169: 8120: 8103: 8090: 8070: 8025: 7232:"Chapter IV.C, para 167 (p. 53)" 7112:"Chapter X.I, para 482 (p. 153)" 7003:"Chapter IV.C, para 225 (p. 71)" 6687:from the original on 12 May 2013 6261:Burant, Stephen R., ed. (1990). 5395: 5381: 5184:Communist Party of Great Britain 4967: 3631: 3046: 2401:World Federation of Trade Unions 2114: 1848:Hungarian Working People's Party 1745: 1037: 949:(1920–1946) was a member of the 900:Hungarian Working People's Party 769: 761: 752: 743: 733: 724: 714: 701: 690: 648: 638: 628: 615: 605: 595: 585: 563: 551: 531: 522: 512: 500: 488: 476: 468: 458: 450: 440: 432: 420: 402: 390: 376: 364: 352: 340: 326: 314: 302: 290: 278: 266: 254: 242: 228: 206: 184: 172: 160: 147: 131: 37: 17764:Wars involving the Soviet Union 17659:1956 in international relations 16454:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 15810:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 15191:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 15120:Fall of the inner German border 15020:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 14670:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 14660:Spanish transition to democracy 14620:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 14247:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 13753:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 13634:Occupation of the Baltic states 13215:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan 13156:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine 13061:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022) 12706:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan 12647:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine 11339:(George Allen and Unwin, 1983). 11306:Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 11203:. New York: Pantheon. pp. 9586:Journal of Contemporary History 9539:"Chapter V.C, para 198 (p. 61)" 9513:"Chapter V.C, para 197 (p. 61)" 9040:"Chapter II.I, para 76 (p. 26)" 9014:"Chapter II.I, para 75 (p. 25)" 8491:Khrushchev: The Man and His Era 8185:. New York: Harcourt. pp. 8011:Khrushchev: The Man and His Era 8002: 7939: 7895: 7883: 7854: 7791: 7740: 7726: 7706: 7663: 7637: 7582: 7528: 7503: 7477: 7452: 7432: 7383: 7357: 7345: 7293: 7280:"Chapter II.F, para 65 (p. 22)" 7267: 7258: 7255:(1986) Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 116. 7245: 7219: 7206: 7163:"Chapter II.F, para 64 (p. 22)" 7150: 7125: 7071: 7045: 7032:"Chapter II.C, para 57 (p. 20)" 6990: 6977:"Chapter II.C, para 58 (p. 20)" 6964: 6933: 6907: 6846: 6746: 6724: 6679:Machcewicz, Paweł (June 2006). 6609: 6593: 6566: 6553: 6527: 6486: 6461: 6435: 6389: 6370: 6337: 6317: 6272: 6254: 6216: 6191: 6031: 5981: 5955: 5929: 5864: 5839: 5770: 5749: 5571:; the first term used the word 4364:United Nations Security Council 4143:then adopted and published the 4029:disband the ÁVH security police 2900:– within the structures of the 2048:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 838:, was an attempted countrywide 826:(23 October – 4 November 1956; 654:Pro-Revolution elements of the 17729:November 1956 events in Europe 17714:Hungary–Soviet Union relations 17679:Civil wars of the 20th century 14590:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 14225:Mozambican War of Independence 13664:Indonesian National Revolution 13252:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926) 13130:Armed conflicts involving the 12743:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926) 12393:War of the Austrian Succession 11184:The Hungarian Revolution, 1956 10685:Harvard University Asia Center 10384:. Retrieved 21 September 2008. 10035:, p. 10. Index Books: London. 10013:ICRC action in Hungary in 1956 9262:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. 8573:(in Polish). 14 September 2007 7824:Mastny, Vojtech (March 2002). 7748:1956: The Hungarian Revolution 7202:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. 6862:. 23 July 1965. Archived from 5736: 5710: 5685: 5676: 5629: 5620: 5606:, which might fail or succeed. 5557: 5518: 5100:, with the nearly 22 year-old 4646:Between 4 and 9 November, the 3750:; Hungarian membership to the 2888:On 5 March 1953, the death of 2034:of Hungary, which reduced the 842:against the government of the 1: 17734:October 1956 events in Europe 17719:Invasions by the Soviet Union 16735:January 1991 events in Latvia 16725:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 16474:Socialist Republic of Romania 16449:People's Republic of Bulgaria 16441:People's Republic of Albania 16410:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 16188:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 15203:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 15156:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 14878:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 14843:Seven Days to the River Rhine 14575:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 13862:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 13790:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 13353:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 12966:South Ossetia war (1991–1992) 12844:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 12595:Russian invasion of Manchuria 12585:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) 12531:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) 12526:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) 12469:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) 12459:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) 12424:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) 12419:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 12409:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 12399:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) 12377:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723) 12372:Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711) 12349:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700) 12344:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681) 12319:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653) 12295:Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595) 12290:Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570) 12275:Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557) 12150:List of wars involving Russia 12145:Sino-Russian border conflicts 11827:Rákóczi's War of Independence 11443:(Frederick A. Praeger, 1957). 11288:Hungary 1956 – forty Years On 11080:. Princeton UP. p. 254. 10971:. Macmillan Pub Co. pp. 9119:. Osprey Publishing. p. 8881:. Retrieved 8 November 1998. 8823:10.1080/08850607.2018.1488498 8731:. Retrieved 3 September 2006. 8288:Ofiary "Poznańskiego Czerwca" 8035:Lesson 3: The Days of Freedom 7986:(Summer 2007). Archived from 7514:. Books for Libraries Press. 7330:. Stanford University Press. 6020:, p. 295. Routledge: London. 5613: 5591:corresponds to the Hungarian 5330:, and Russia, represented by 4891:established refugee camps in 4655:), in and around the city of 2843:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 1885:had reestablished the MEFESZ 1354:Rákóczi's War of Independence 1319:Principality of Upper Hungary 1119:Hungarian invasions of Europe 931: 863:Hungarian Parliament Building 17774:Military history of Budapest 17644:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 16848:Principality of Transylvania 16720:Collapse of the Soviet Union 16710:Fall of communism in Albania 15181:Fall of communism in Albania 15151:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 15100:Polish Round Table Agreement 14440:1968 Polish political crisis 14257:Eritrean War of Independence 14023:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 13918:East German uprising of 1953 13850:Chinese Communist Revolution 13515: 13430:Eritrean War of Independence 13400:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 13395:East German uprising of 1953 13336:Eastern Front (World War II) 13225:Red Army invasion of Georgia 13220:Red Army invasion of Armenia 13188:Estonian War of Independence 12921:Eritrean War of Independence 12891:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 12886:East German uprising of 1953 12827:Eastern Front (World War II) 12716:Red Army invasion of Georgia 12711:Red Army invasion of Armenia 12679:Estonian War of Independence 12620:Russian occupation of Tabriz 12541:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 12499:War of the Seventh Coalition 12382:War of the Polish Succession 12329:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) 11741:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 11591:Big Picture: Operation Mercy 11507:Ürményházi, Attila J.(2006) 11461:Napolitano, Giorgio (2005). 11186:; Osprey Elite series #148. 11113:Matthews, John P.C. (2007). 11051:Kertesz, Stephen D. (1953). 10592:Napolitano, Giorgio (2005). 10540:"1957 | The Rovereta Affair" 10511:American Antiquarian Society 10491:American Antiquarian Society 10447:. Retrieved 13 October 2006. 10279:. Retrieved 14 October 2006. 10022:. Retrieved 7 December 2008. 9701:Report on Hungarian Refugees 9699:Casardi, A. (17 April 1957) 8166:. Retrieved 6 December 2008. 7673:, BBC correspondent (1956). 6709:. Retrieved 22 October 2006. 6396:Kertesz, Stephen D. (1953). 6344:Kertesz, Stephen D. (1953). 6106:. Grove Press. p. 222. 5871:Kertesz, Stephen D. (1953). 5742:"Hungarian Revolt of 1956", 5585:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 5480:Proletarian internationalism 5464:1956 Georgian demonstrations 5439:East German uprising of 1953 5315:, 23 October was declared a 5281:In the north-west corner of 5203:, resigned, questioning the 4834: 4653:Battle of the Corvin Passage 4612:armored personnel carriers. 4559:Carpathian Military District 4440:George Washington University 4178:On 30 October, at Budapest, 3989: 3738:political system based upon 3712:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 3007:Polish United Workers' Party 2931:of the USSR with the speech 2838:Fall of communism in Albania 2793:Polish Round Table Agreement 2748:Cuban intervention in Angola 1364:Principality of Transylvania 1289:Principality of Transylvania 999:Government of National Unity 824:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 108:Soviet invasion and victory 24:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 7: 17749:Soviet military occupations 17709:Hungarian People's Republic 16883:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary 16695:End of communism in Hungary 16464:Hungarian People's Republic 15055:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 14783:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 14528:Corrective Movement (Syria) 14492:New People's Army rebellion 14487:Sino-Soviet border conflict 14215:Angolan War of Independence 14078:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 13958:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 13603:Jamaican political conflict 13420:Sino-Soviet border conflict 13289:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang 13257:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) 13193:Latvian War of Independence 12961:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) 12911:Sino-Soviet border conflict 12780:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang 12748:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) 12684:Latvian War of Independence 12573:Russian conquest of Bukhara 12464:War of the Fourth Coalition 12449:War of the Second Coalition 11617:Hungarian Revolution (1956) 11427:. Harper Perennial (2006). 11327:Revue européenne d'histoire 11013:Granville, Johanna (2004). 10808:James, Beverly Ann (2005). 10422:Retrieved 22 September 2008 10274:UN General Assembly (1957) 10069:"End of a Private Cold War" 9806:"The '56 Exodus to Austria" 9601:(Budapest), 3 November 1990 8685:Journal of Cold War Studies 8652:Csaba Békés (Spring 2000). 8592:Wójtowicz, Norbert (2006). 8457:The Cold War: A New History 7892:, BBC News, 23 October 2006 7625:Political parties of Europe 6432:. Retrieved 27 August 2006. 6334:. Retrieved 27 August 2006. 5581:Forradalom és szabadságharc 5374: 5271:Embassy of Serbia, Budapest 5218:The Blood of the Hungarians 5045:for 1956. The accompanying 4445:Journal of Cold War Studies 4209:workers' protests at Poznań 3812:Hungarian People's Republic 3787:Stalin Monument in Budapest 3710:who also was a hero of the 2991:workers' uprising at Poznań 2226:Allied and satellite states 2062:consequent to the post-war 1899:Hungarian People's Republic 1856:Hungarian People's Republic 1569:Hungarian People's Republic 1504:Governorate of Subcarpathia 1444:Hungarian People's Republic 1174:Personal union with Croatia 844:Hungarian People's Republic 723:(dissidents, to 31 October) 10: 17790: 16459:German Democratic Republic 15251:Sino-Indian border dispute 15080:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 15010:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 14768:1976 Argentine coup d'état 14680:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 14630:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 14314:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 14282:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 13971:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 13738:Asian Relations Conference 13465:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 12956:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 12494:War of the Sixth Coalition 12484:War of the Fifth Coalition 12454:War of the Third Coalition 12059:Military history of Russia 12021:Armed conflicts involving 11923:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War 11832:Peasants' Revolt (1735-36) 11413:Haraszti-Taylor, Eva, ed. 11395:Granville, Johanna (1999) 11323:European Review of History 11197:Sebestyen, Victor (2006). 10968:Cry Hungary: Uprising 1956 10681:Harvard-Yenching Institute 10616:Sartre, Jean-Paul (1956), 9778:. Gotegorg. Archived from 8879:Cold War Chat (transcript) 8697:10.1162/152039799316976814 8182:Origins of Totalitarianism 7627:, Greenwood Press, p. 508 6730:Hungarian-language video: 5783:Hungarian Cultural Studies 5495:"Blood in the Water" match 4847: 4205:German Democratic Republic 4050:Cardinal József Mindszenty 3880:, as well as KGB Chairman 3005:as First Secretary of the 2953:, to broadcast the speech 1927:Communist Party of Hungary 1915:State Protection Authority 1826:State Protection Authority 1194:Mongol invasion of Hungary 884:State Protection Authority 699:(loyalists, to 28 October) 17769:Labor disputes in Hungary 17669:Anti-communism in Hungary 17589: 17426: 17345:Universities and colleges 17319: 17310: 17216: 17207: 17093: 17084: 16999: 16990: 16916: 16808: 16799: 16670: 16647:Information dissemination 16624: 16574:1956 Hungarian Revolution 16564:1953 East German uprising 16532: 16490: 16433: 16370: 16350: 16287: 16236: 16158: 16135:William Appleman Williams 16080:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 15862: 15834: 15783: 15715: 15708: 15642: 15507: 15432: 15362: 15355: 15264: 15211: 15143: 14856: 14595:Bangladesh Liberation War 14585:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 14500: 14472:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 14460:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 14123: 13898:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 13875: 13585: 13523: 13304:Soviet invasion of Poland 13138: 13069: 13004: 12795:Soviet invasion of Poland 12605: 12489:French invasion of Russia 12357: 12255: 12174: 12100:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars 12092: 12049: 12042: 11964: 11944: 11896: 11866: 11845: 11816: 11809: 11790: 11746: 11645:National Security Archive 11274:Historiography and memory 10996:Stanford University Press 10434:Retrieved 29 August 2010. 9615:Soviet Foreign Propaganda 8943:24 September 2015 at the 8321:. PM Press. p. 165. 7753:15. The Workers' Councils 6310:17 September 2007 at the 6152:Törvénytelen szocializmus 6081:Tőkés, Rudolf L. (1998). 5722:National Security Archive 5344:On 13 February 2006, the 4866:Hungarian Communist Party 4807:Hungarian patriots under 4436:National Security Archive 4338:International perspective 3708:Gen. Józef Zachariasz Bem 2999:politically rehabilitated 2969:On 14 May 1955, with the 2763:1984 Los Angeles Olympics 1948:Stalin's man in Hungary: 1814:Hungarian Communist Party 1559:Second Hungarian Republic 1454:Hungarian Soviet Republic 1404:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 1259:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 973:participated in the Nazi 924:refuge abroad, mostly to 908:). The new government of 815: 781: 767:Democratic People's Party 683: 661: 621:Loyalist elements of the 578: 218: 179:Hungarian revolutionaries 122: 55: 36: 28: 23: 17664:20th-century revolutions 17324:Anti-Hungarian sentiment 17004:Administrative divisions 16632:Emigration and defection 16469:Polish People's Republic 14910:1980 Turkish coup d'état 14745:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 14715:1978 Somali coup attempt 14675:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 14640:1973 Chilean coup d'état 14465:Revolutionary Government 14359:South African Border War 14151:1960 Turkish coup d'état 14068:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 13923:1953 Iranian coup d'état 13903:1952 Egyptian revolution 13445:South African Border War 13370:Guerrilla war in Ukraine 13272:Chechen uprising of 1932 12936:South African Border War 12861:Guerrilla war in Ukraine 12763:Chechen uprising of 1932 12444:Russo-Persian War (1796) 11836:Uprising in West Hungary 11346:58.8 (2006): 1209–1240. 11329:. 15.5 (2008): 519–531. 11254:Zinner, Paul E. (1962). 11246:Watry, David M. (2014). 11099:. Longman. p. 221. 10748:"Hungarian Freedom Park" 10716:Harvard University Press 10644:Harvard University Press 10203:(Report). United Nations 10018:20 February 2009 at the 8537:13 December 2007 at the 8255:Pół wieku dziejów Polski 7623:Vincent E McHale (1983) 7564:Applebaum, Anne (2012). 7510:Zinner, Paul E. (1962). 6739:26 February 2008 at the 6681:"1956 – A European Date" 6264:Hungary: a country study 6016:Crampton, R. J. (2003). 5895:Retrieved 8 October 2006 5826:Encyclopaedia Britannica 5538:self-propelled artillery 5524:The UN General Assembly 5511: 5310:Third Hungarian Republic 5261:Commemoration and legacy 5255:Hundred Flowers campaign 5083:Bandy World Championship 5075:blood in the water match 4391:of communism and of the 4054:Independent Smallholders 3704:Hungarian Writers' Union 2995:Polish People's Republic 2989:violently repressed the 2584:Czechoslovakia 1976–1990 1974:the Holocaust in Hungary 1599:Third Hungarian Republic 730:Socialist Workers' Party 707:Socialist Workers' Party 212:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 17232:Hungarian National Bank 16863:Austro-Hungarian Empire 16690:Fall of the Berlin Wall 16616:1981 protests in Kosovo 16554:Rebellion of Cazin 1950 15115:Fall of the Berlin Wall 15060:People Power Revolution 15045:Central American crisis 14985:1986 Black Sea incident 14635:1973 Afghan coup d'état 14533:Western Sahara conflict 14344:1966 Syrian coup d'état 14267:1963 Syrian coup d'état 14210:Portuguese Colonial War 14173:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 13938:1954 Syrian coup d'état 13815:Annexation of Hyderabad 13758:1947–1949 Palestine war 12578:Khivan campaign of 1873 12429:Russo-Polish War (1792) 11465:(in Italian). Laterza. 11318:58.8 (2006): 1199–1208. 11290:(London: F. Cass, 1997) 11095:Litván, György (1996). 10596:(in Italian). Laterza. 10462:17 October 2007 at the 10418:13 January 2012 at the 10166:Simpson, James (1997). 9845:Forced Migration Review 9810:The Hungarian Quarterly 9634:17 October 2007 at the 8727:8 November 2006 at the 8641:(in Polish). IPN. 2006. 8517:3 December 2007 at the 8083:3 December 2007 at the 7980:The Hungarian Quarterly 7920:3 December 2007 at the 7720:International Socialism 6599:German-language video, 6223:Kardos, József (2003). 6064:Litván, György (1996). 6047:17 October 2007 at the 5846:Tihanyi, Gyula (1990). 5547:9 February 2010 at the 5499:1956 Melbourne Olympics 5469:Poznań protests of 1956 5287:Los Angeles, California 5269:Memorial plaque at the 5242:Chinese Communist Party 5201:Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie 5173:Italian Socialist Party 5135:Italian Communist Party 5111:International Red Cross 4634:tank in the background. 4299:Krakowskie Przedmieście 4248:Chinese Communist Party 3095:By other characteristic 3018:Uprising and Revolution 2965:Warsaw Pact established 2828:End of the Soviet Union 2803:Fall of the Berlin Wall 2363: (until 1948) 2338: (until 1977) 2327: (until 1989) 2261: (until 1961) 2240: (until 1961) 2056:Hungarian National Bank 1648:History of Transylvania 1154:Principality of Hungary 749:Social Democratic Party 17759:Wars involving Hungary 17744:Revolutions in Hungary 17388:International rankings 17263:Science and technology 17143:Chief of General Staff 16838:Ottoman–Hungarian wars 15409:Neoclassical economics 14920:Gulf of Sidra incident 14477:1969 Libyan revolution 14168:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 13953:1954 Geneva Conference 13713:Turkish straits crisis 13708:Corfu Channel incident 13235:East Karelian uprising 13051:Western Libya campaign 12726:East Karelian uprising 12247:Wagner Group rebellion 12182:Uprising of Bolotnikov 11975:Hungarian–Romanian War 11661:, a 1958 American film 11629:Other academic sources 11515:Historical collections 11373:(NY: Macmillan, 1957). 11356:21.4 (2019): 379–393. 11308:65.3 (2016): 237–254. 11164:Péter, László (2008). 11117:New York: Hippocrene, 11076:Lendvai, Paul (2008). 10990:Gati, Charles (2006). 10780:Fact Sheets on Hungary 9613:Barghoorn, Frederick. 9392:Válogatott tanulmányok 9258:Lindvai, Paul (2008). 8162:2 January 2009 at the 7946:Gati, Charles (2006). 7459:Gati, Charles (2006). 7326:Gati, Charles (2006). 7198:Lendvai, Paul (2008). 7132:Gati, Charles (2006). 6940:Gati, Charles (2006). 6787:Heller, Andor (1957). 6468:Gati, Charles (2006). 6383:30 August 2006 at the 6130:Gati, Charles (2006). 5744:The Dictionary of Wars 5454:Anti-Rightist Campaign 5412:Avanti ragazzi di Buda 5278: 5205:French Communist Party 5096:'s popular television 4995: 4844: 4725: 4701: 4643: 4635: 4535: 4491: 4355: 4306: 4232:bureaucratic despotism 4167: 4159: 4077:revolutionary councils 4068: 4058:National Peasant Party 4008: 3925: 3915:hu:Tiszakécskei sortűz 3842: 3834: 3826: 3774: 3694:On 22 October, at the 2517:Protests and uprisings 2099: 2018:toiling intelligentsia 1953: 1830: 1804:, headed by President 977:(6 April 1941) and in 975:invasion of Yugoslavia 905:Magyar Dolgozók Pártja 904: 831: 816:3,000 civilians killed 777:Other reformed parties 721:Working People's Party 697:Working People's Party 219:Commanders and leaders 49:communist coat of arms 16833:Late Medieval Kingdom 16828:High Medieval Kingdom 16740:Breakup of Yugoslavia 16259:Russia–NATO relations 16140:Jonathan Reed Winkler 15424:Democratic capitalism 15419:Supply-side economics 15387:American conservatism 15186:Breakup of Yugoslavia 15075:Bougainville conflict 14990:South Yemen civil war 14925:Martial law in Poland 14788:Nicaraguan Revolution 14763:Dirty War (Argentina) 14570:1971 JVP insurrection 14384:Years of Lead (Italy) 14262:North Yemen civil war 14180:Berlin Crisis of 1961 14156:Albanian–Soviet split 14088:1959 Tibetan uprising 14053:Syrian Crisis of 1957 13908:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 13768:1948 Arab–Israeli War 13198:Lithuanian–Soviet War 13046:Intervention in Syria 12981:Tajikistani Civil War 12689:Lithuanian–Soviet War 12630:Battle of Robat Karim 12079:Post-Soviet conflicts 11688:Steven Thomas Fischer 11658:The Beast of Budapest 11256:Revolution in Hungary 10940:Bibó, István (1991). 10137:"How to Help Hungary" 10031:Fryer, Peter (1997). 9351:Bibó, István (1991). 8530:Stankovic, Alobodan. 8253:Paczkowski, Andrzej. 7974:Parsons, Nicholas T. 7512:Revolution in Hungary 6758:The Spectator Archive 5796:10.5195/AHEA.2016.261 5346:U.S. State Department 5268: 5227:Le Fantôme de Staline 4990: 4917:Embassy of Yugoslavia 4842: 4723: 4696: 4687:For Freedom and Truth 4641: 4618: 4555:Hamazasp Babadzhanian 4529: 4489: 4415:psychological warfare 4345: 4296: 4265:and spoke with Tito ( 4165: 4153: 4066: 4006: 3923: 3840: 3832: 3824: 3772: 3397:Bulgarian unification 3073:Counter-revolutionary 2979:Austrian State Treaty 2902:Philosophy of Marxism 2833:Post-Soviet conflicts 2818:Breakup of Yugoslavia 2721:Albanian–Soviet split 2432:Anti-Soviet partisans 2375:Related organizations 2093: 1964:against Hungary, for 1947: 1673:Transylvanian Princes 1524:Revisions of Délvidék 1309:Wesselényi conspiracy 1089:Kingdom of the Gepids 834:), also known as the 782:Casualties and losses 47:(1949–1956) with the 17724:Massacres in Hungary 17694:Communism in Hungary 17577:World Heritage Sites 17449:Palaces and mansions 16813:Hungarian prehistory 16588:1970 Polish protests 16569:1956 Poznań protests 16434:Soviet-allied states 15680:Non-Aligned Movement 15302:Peaceful coexistence 15256:North Borneo dispute 15171:German reunification 15166:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 14864:Salvadoran Civil War 14813:Grand Mosque seizure 14808:Yemenite War of 1979 14700:Mozambican Civil War 14655:Carnation Revolution 14610:Yemenite War of 1972 14548:1970 Polish protests 14379:1967 Hong Kong riots 14354:Argentine Revolution 14304:Guatemalan Civil War 14232:Cuban Missile Crisis 14146:Bay of Pigs Invasion 14018:1956 Poznań protests 13996:Geneva Summit (1955) 13598:Hukbalahap Rebellion 13577:Non-Aligned Movement 13242:Central Asian Revolt 13151:Ukrainian–Soviet War 13029:Annexation of Crimea 12733:Central Asian Revolt 12642:Ukrainian–Soviet War 12514:Russo-Circassian War 12197:Pugachev's Rebellion 12140:Russo-Ukrainian Wars 12084:Russian Armed Forces 12054:Early modern warfare 11929:Slovak-Hungarian War 11446:Lomax, William, ed. 11297:63.1 (2011): 99–128 11071:on 3 September 2007. 10965:Gadney, Reg (1986). 10714:. Cambridge, Mass.: 10708:Wu, Yiching (2014). 10642:. Cambridge, Mass.: 10636:Wu, Yiching (2014). 10576:Giuseppe Di Vittorio 10399:19 July 2011 at the 10288:UN General Assembly 10247:UN General Assembly 10221:UN General Assembly 10172:. Collins. pp. 10147:on 30 September 2007 9985:UN General Assembly 9959:UN General Assembly 9722:www.wilsoncenter.org 9558:UN General Assembly 9532:UN General Assembly 9506:UN General Assembly 9477:UN General Assembly 9451:UN General Assembly 9425:UN General Assembly 9412:Available in English 9324:UN General Assembly 9298:UN General Assembly 9272:UN General Assembly 9181:UN General Assembly 9059:UN General Assembly 9033:UN General Assembly 9007:UN General Assembly 8911:UN General Assembly 8550:Granville, Johanna. 8455:Gaddis, John Lewis. 8387:UN General Assembly 8286:Wójtowicz, Norbert. 7976:"Narratives of 1956" 7797:UN General Assembly 7771:UN General Assembly 7643:UN General Assembly 7591:: Revolt in Hungary 7534:UN General Assembly 7483:UN General Assembly 7408:on 17 November 2007. 7363:UN General Assembly 7299:UN General Assembly 7273:UN General Assembly 7225:UN General Assembly 7156:UN General Assembly 7105:UN General Assembly 7051:UN General Assembly 7025:UN General Assembly 6996:UN General Assembly 6970:UN General Assembly 6913:UN General Assembly 6887:UN General Assembly 6854:"A Hollow Tolerance" 6826:UN General Assembly 6615:UN General Assembly 6581:. Fordham University 6533:UN General Assembly 6418:on 7 September 2007. 6330:9 April 2006 at the 6102:John Lukacs (1994). 6040:: Hungary in Flames 5987:UN General Assembly 5961:UN General Assembly 5935:UN General Assembly 5909:UN General Assembly 5893:on 3 September 2007. 5848:The Second World War 5660:UN General Assembly 5153:Giuseppe Di Vittorio 5063:1956 Summer Olympics 4619:Two disabled Soviet 3866:Hungarian parliament 3736:democratic socialist 3169:Contentious politics 3040:Political revolution 3023:Political discontent 2813:Barricades in Latvia 2758:1980 Moscow Olympics 2738:Cuban Missile Crisis 2086:International events 2003:deported to the USSR 1984:Political repression 1960:in a show trial for 1869:of Hungary with the 1831:Államvédelmi Hatóság 1794:multiparty democracy 1374:Hungarian Reform Era 1054:Hungarian prehistory 995:Operation Margarethe 979:Operation Barbarossa 971:Royal Hungarian Army 112:Revolution repressed 17739:Protests in Hungary 17689:Cold War rebellions 16705:Romanian revolution 16678:Revolutions of 1989 16559:1953 Plzeň uprising 16125:Alex von Tunzelmann 16115:Vladimir Tismăneanu 16040:Thomas J. McCormick 16035:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 15935:Robert Hugh Ferrell 15798:Crusade for Freedom 15595:Illiberal democracy 15479:Ho Chi Minh Thought 15282:Eisenhower Doctrine 15135:Peaceful Revolution 15130:Romanian Revolution 15110:Revolutions of 1989 15095:1988 Polish strikes 15005:Operation INFEKTION 15000:1987 Lieyu massacre 14905:Eritrean Civil Wars 14888:Peruvian Revolution 14838:1979 Herat uprising 14828:Sino-Vietnamese War 14793:Uganda–Tanzania War 14773:Egyptian–Libyan War 14740:Third Indochina War 14735:Sino-Albanian split 14725:Ethiopian Civil War 14625:Eritrean Civil Wars 14565:Ping-pong diplomacy 14538:Cambodian Civil War 14364:Korean DMZ Conflict 14349:Cultural Revolution 14319:Dominican Civil War 14297:Tlatelolco massacre 14083:1959 Mosul uprising 14073:1958 Lebanon crisis 13800:Al-Wathbah uprising 13723:First Indochina War 13693:Iran crisis of 1946 13385:First Indochina War 13358:Soviet–Japanese War 13294:Xinjiang War (1937) 13163:Kazakhstan Campaign 13089:Sphere of influence 13019:Russo-Ukrainian War 12876:First Indochina War 12849:Soviet–Japanese War 12785:Xinjiang War (1937) 12654:Kazakhstan Campaign 12439:Kościuszko Uprising 12339:Second Northern War 12217:Coup attempt (1991) 12110:Soviet-Finnish wars 11643:, published by the 11541:OSA Digital Archive 11403:, no. 1307 (1999). 11354:National Identities 11344:Europe-Asia Studies 11316:Europe-Asia Studies 11295:Europe-Asia Studies 11127:The Bridge at Andau 10916:. 25 September 2023 10890:. 12 September 2023 10864:on 15 February 2008 10789:on 22 November 2011 10546:on 14 February 2015 10443:Radio Free Europe: 10098:Ali, Tariq (1984). 9820:on 27 November 2004 9724:. The Wilson Center 9168:on 1 December 2006. 8885:11 May 2001 at the 8658:Hungarian Quarterly 8468:Sebestyen, Victor. 8222:on 12 November 2006 8109:Sebestyen, Victor. 8096:Sebestyen, Victor, 7681:on 17 October 2007. 7600:on 17 November 2007 7398:, producer (1956). 7083:hungarianreview.com 6366:on 25 January 2007. 5403:Soviet Union portal 5291:Cardinal Mindszenty 5107:Peace in the Valley 4940:Cardinal Mindszenty 4859:political prisoners 4589:as well as the new 4551:8th Mechanized Army 4315:Poles to Hungarians 3955:enemy of the people 3756:freedoms and rights 3638:Politics portal 3001:, reform communist 2946:, on 18 July 1956. 2798:Revolutions of 1989 1999:concentration camps 1875:means of production 1808:and Prime Minister 1790:sphere of influence 1514:Second Vienna Award 1099:Ostrogothic Kingdom 967:Kingdom of Bulgaria 953:– in alliance with 877:to broadcast their 859:university students 740:Smallholders' Party 592:Soviet Armed Forces 17527:Hungarian language 17378:Hungarian diaspora 17278:Telecommunications 16903:Revolution of 1956 16858:Revolution of 1848 16715:Singing Revolution 16598:June 1976 protests 16383:Soviet occupations 16279:Russian Revolution 16075:Mary Elise Sarotte 16060:William B. Pickett 15985:Patrick J. Hearden 15965:Gabriel Gorodetsky 15960:Timothy Garton Ash 15945:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 15540:Ethnic nationalism 15292:Hallstein Doctrine 15176:Yemeni unification 14965:1985 Geneva Summit 14930:Casamance conflict 14833:New Jewel Movement 14818:Iranian Revolution 14803:Chadian–Libyan War 14750:Cambodian conflict 14730:Lebanese Civil War 14720:Western Sahara War 14695:June 1976 protests 14690:Cambodian genocide 14455:17 July Revolution 14409:Nigerian Civil War 14324:Rhodesian Bush War 14309:Colombian conflict 14252:Ramadan Revolution 13991:Bandung Conference 13867:Operation Valuable 13748:Partition of India 13475:Georgian Civil War 13079:Russian Revolution 13014:Russo-Georgian War 12996:Second Chechen War 12976:Georgian Civil War 12615:Russo-Japanese War 12367:Great Northern War 12265:Russo-Crimean Wars 12237:Second Chechen War 12135:Russo-Turkish wars 12130:Russo-Swedish wars 12120:Russo-Persian Wars 12105:Russo-Crimean Wars 11881:Austro-Turkish War 11719:Freedom Fighter 56 11675:Torn from the flag 11122:Michener, James A. 10773:"National Symbols" 10382:on 1 January 2007. 10318:(12 December 1958) 10079:on 17 October 2007 8489:Taubman, William. 8315:CLR James (2013). 8008:Taubman, William. 7842:on 2 November 2013 7697:has generic name ( 6805:on 8 November 2006 6240:University of Pécs 6238:(June–July 2003). 6068:. London: Longman. 5565:Hungarian Uprising 5459:Quỳnh Lưu uprising 5433:museum in Budapest 5279: 5246:protests in Poland 5149:Giorgio Napolitano 4996: 4935:outside Budapest. 4933:Municipal Cemetery 4845: 4768:Soviet perspective 4726: 4702: 4644: 4636: 4630:with an abandoned 4536: 4492: 4368:Protocol of Sèvres 4360:John Foster Dulles 4356: 4354:, 5 November 1956) 4307: 4168: 4160: 4123:Vyacheslav Molotov 4113:Soviet perspective 4069: 4014:counter-revolution 4009: 3926: 3843: 3835: 3827: 3775: 3718:Initiating gunfire 3613:Second Arab Spring 2985:In June 1956, the 2788:Singing Revolution 2562:Novocherkassk 1962 2100: 2080:economic austerity 1954: 1909:(r. 1947–1956), a 1752:Hungary portal 1653:Hungarian language 1643:History of Hungary 1579:Revolution of 1956 1494:First Vienna Award 1484:Kingdom of Hungary 1464:Hungarian Republic 1384:Revolution of 1848 1329:Kingdom of Hungary 1204:Kingdom of Hungary 1164:Kingdom of Hungary 1129:Hungarian conquest 963:Kingdom of Romania 947:Kingdom of Hungary 836:Hungarian Uprising 832:1956-os forradalom 802:2,500–3,000 killed 775:Independence Party 17699:Conflicts in 1956 17654:1950s in Budapest 17631: 17630: 17625: 17624: 17585: 17584: 17368:Human trafficking 17306: 17305: 17203: 17202: 17167:Political parties 17113:Foreign relations 17080: 17079: 16986: 16985: 16898:People's Republic 16878:Treaty of Trianon 16755: 16754: 16700:Velvet Revolution 16662:Telephone tapping 16636:list of defectors 16425:Tito–Stalin split 16310: 16309: 16297:List of conflicts 16145:Rudolph Winnacker 16090:Giles Scott-Smith 16065:Ronald E. Powaski 16020:Melvyn P. Leffler 15950:John Lewis Gaddis 15925:Robert D. English 15890:Warren H. Carroll 15880:Michael Beschloss 15849:Nuclear arms race 15830: 15829: 15736:Neues Deutschland 15638: 15637: 15620:White nationalism 15590:Liberal democracy 15327:Ulbricht Doctrine 15317:Brezhnev Doctrine 15125:Velvet Revolution 14869:Soviet–Afghan War 14685:Angolan Civil War 14482:Goulash Communism 14339:ASEAN Declaration 14292:Mexican Dirty War 14190:Annexation of Goa 14141:1960 U-2 incident 14115:Sino-Soviet split 14093:Laotian Civil War 13933:Bricker Amendment 13913:Mau Mau rebellion 13857:Malayan Emergency 13845:Chinese Civil War 13805:Tito–Stalin split 13659:Division of Korea 13483: 13482: 13450:Soviet–Afghan War 13435:Angolan Civil War 13210:Polish–Soviet War 13168:Finnish Civil War 13146:Russian Civil War 13097: 13096: 12986:First Chechen War 12941:Soviet–Afghan War 12926:Angolan Civil War 12701:Polish–Soviet War 12659:Finnish Civil War 12637:Russian Civil War 12536:November Uprising 12474:Anglo-Russian War 12414:Bar Confederation 12227:First Chechen War 12207:Russian Civil War 12202:Decembrist revolt 12192:Bulavin Rebellion 12187:Razin's Rebellion 12170: 12169: 12125:Russo-Polish Wars 12093:Lists by opponent 11988: 11987: 11984: 11983: 11887:Russo-Turkish War 11437:Lasky, Melvin J. 11433:978-0-06-077262-8 11192:978-1-84603-079-6 11175:978-0-903425-79-7 11087:978-0-691-13282-2 10821:978-1-60344-595-5 10725:978-0-674-41985-8 10694:978-0-674-26022-1 10653:978-0-674-41985-8 10372:"Freedom Fighter" 10102:. Harmondsworth. 10033:Hungarian Tragedy 9911:Hungarian Tragedy 9839:Cellini, Amanda. 9684:978-963-9241-66-4 9153:Hungarian Tragedy 8616:PolskieRadio24.pl 8499:978-0-7432-7564-4 8328:978-1-60486-311-6 8020:978-0-7432-7564-4 7401:Revolt in Hungary 6113:978-0-8021-3250-5 5724:. 4 November 2002 5424:Children of Glory 5365:Vladimir Medinsky 5328:Mikhail Gorbachev 5145:Palmiro Togliatti 5131:fatti di Rovereta 5123:mayor of Budapest 4992:Eleanor Roosevelt 4870:Soviet Praesidium 4855:workers' councils 4762:missing in action 4487: 4259:Władysław Gomułka 4086:workers' councils 3934:workers' councils 3930:Molotov cocktails 3672: 3671: 3206:Mass mobilization 3196:Guerrilla warfare 3003:Władysław Gomułka 2951:Radio Free Europe 2881: 2880: 2716:Sino-Soviet split 2696:Tito–Stalin split 2691:Czechoslovak coup 2669: 2668: 2609:Ukraine 1989–1991 2547:East Germany 1953 2489:Soviet occupation 2032:industrialisation 1993:and by the local 1958:József Mindszenty 1931:Spanish Civil War 1893:Stalinist Hungary 1867:socialist economy 1816:continually used 1786: 1785: 1617: 1616: 1589:Goulash Communism 1542: 1541: 1474:Treaty of Trianon 1337: 1336: 1222: 1221: 1137: 1136: 1009:Soviet occupation 1003:Siege of Budapest 945:(1939–1945), the 820: 819: 710:(from 4 November) 684:Political support 321:Vasily Sokolovsky 236:Nikita Khrushchev 144:Until 28 October: 118: 117: 17781: 17605: 17598: 17496: 17489: 17482: 17475: 17451: 17444: 17347: 17317: 17316: 17254: 17234: 17214: 17213: 17193: 17179: 17091: 17090: 17056: 17049: 17042: 17014:Cities and towns 16997: 16996: 16843:Habsburg Kingdom 16806: 16805: 16782: 16775: 16768: 16759: 16758: 16544:Goryani Movement 16524: 16516: 16482: 16444: 16378:Yalta Conference 16337: 16330: 16323: 16314: 16313: 16055:David S. Painter 15980:John Earl Haynes 15910:Nicholas J. Cull 15895:Adrian Cioroianu 15875:Thomas A. Bailey 15822:Voice of America 15713: 15712: 15625:White separatism 15605:Social democracy 15600:Guided democracy 15580:Authoritarianism 15530:Ultranationalism 15520:Anti-imperialism 15447:Marxism–Leninism 15360: 15359: 15347:Kinmen Agreement 15312:Johnson Doctrine 15297:Kennedy Doctrine 15213:Frozen conflicts 15196:1991 August Coup 15085:Afghan Civil War 14980:Reykjavík Summit 14975:Somali Rebellion 14915:Ugandan Bush War 14893:Gdańsk Agreement 14414:Protests of 1968 14394:War of Attrition 14103:Cuban Revolution 14039:We will bury you 14006:Cyprus Emergency 13986:Kashmir Princess 13976:Jebel Akhdar War 13825:Western betrayal 13510: 13503: 13496: 13487: 13486: 13470:Transnistria War 13425:War of Attrition 13331:Continuation War 13280: 13124: 13117: 13110: 13101: 13100: 12971:Transnistria War 12916:War of Attrition 12822:Continuation War 12771: 12563:January Uprising 12404:Seven Years' War 12304:Time of Troubles 12270:Russo-Kazan Wars 12115:Russo-Kazan Wars 12047: 12046: 12015: 12008: 12001: 11992: 11991: 11814: 11813: 11773: 11766: 11759: 11750: 11749: 11737: 11736: 11699:The Unburied Man 11692:Mariska Hargitay 11622:Internet Archive 11609:Internet Archive 11596:Internet Archive 11496: 11492: 11490: 11479:United Nations: 11476: 11457:(Praeger, 1957). 11410: 11409: 11392: 11283:(2011): 247–258. 11269: 11243: 11218: 11179: 11160: 11141: 11110: 11091: 11072: 11067:. Archived from 11047: 11028: 11009: 10986: 10961: 10926: 10925: 10923: 10921: 10906: 10900: 10899: 10897: 10895: 10880: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10869: 10854: 10848: 10847: 10845: 10843: 10832: 10826: 10825: 10805: 10799: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10788: 10777: 10769: 10763: 10762: 10760: 10758: 10744: 10738: 10737: 10705: 10699: 10698: 10675:Hou, Li (2021). 10672: 10666: 10665: 10633: 10624: 10621: 10614: 10608: 10607: 10589: 10583: 10562: 10556: 10555: 10553: 10551: 10536: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10525: 10514: 10508: 10494: 10488: 10473: 10467: 10454: 10448: 10441: 10435: 10429: 10423: 10410: 10404: 10391: 10385: 10383: 10368: 10362: 10359: 10353: 10350: 10344: 10338: 10332: 10327:ed. A. T. Lane. 10325: 10319: 10312: 10306: 10305: 10301: 10299: 10286: 10280: 10271: 10265: 10264: 10260: 10258: 10245: 10239: 10238: 10234: 10232: 10219: 10213: 10212: 10210: 10208: 10202: 10193: 10187: 10186: 10163: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10133: 10127: 10120: 10114: 10113: 10095: 10089: 10088: 10086: 10084: 10065: 10059: 10053: 10044: 10029: 10023: 10009: 10003: 10002: 9998: 9996: 9983: 9977: 9976: 9972: 9970: 9957: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9936: 9928: 9922: 9907: 9901: 9900: 9894: 9892: 9867: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9856: 9836: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9801: 9792: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9765: 9759: 9758: 9740: 9734: 9733: 9731: 9729: 9713: 9707: 9697: 9691: 9673: 9667: 9660: 9654: 9647: 9638: 9624: 9618: 9611: 9602: 9595: 9589: 9582: 9576: 9575: 9571: 9569: 9556: 9550: 9549: 9545: 9543: 9530: 9524: 9523: 9519: 9517: 9504: 9495: 9494: 9490: 9488: 9475: 9469: 9468: 9464: 9462: 9449: 9443: 9442: 9438: 9436: 9423: 9417: 9416: 9406: 9404: 9397:Assorted studies 9379: 9373: 9372: 9348: 9342: 9341: 9337: 9335: 9322: 9316: 9315: 9311: 9309: 9296: 9290: 9289: 9285: 9283: 9270: 9264: 9263: 9255: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9230: 9224: 9223: 9205: 9199: 9198: 9194: 9192: 9179: 9170: 9169: 9164:. Archived from 9144: 9135: 9134: 9118: 9108: 9102: 9101: 9083: 9077: 9076: 9072: 9070: 9057: 9051: 9050: 9046: 9044: 9031: 9025: 9024: 9020: 9018: 9005: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8984: 8976: 8970: 8969: 8967: 8965: 8954: 8948: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8924: 8922: 8909: 8903: 8902: 8895: 8889: 8875: 8864: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8849: 8841: 8835: 8834: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8775: 8767: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8746: 8738: 8732: 8715: 8709: 8708: 8680: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8649: 8643: 8642: 8633: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8608: 8602: 8601: 8589: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8563: 8557: 8548: 8542: 8528: 8522: 8508: 8502: 8487: 8481: 8472:(2006), p. 247. 8466: 8460: 8453: 8447: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8419: 8411: 8405: 8404: 8400: 8398: 8385: 8379: 8372: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8335: 8312: 8306: 8305: 8297: 8291: 8285: 8281: 8275: 8272: 8266: 8251: 8245: 8238: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8227: 8218:. Archived from 8207: 8201: 8200: 8173: 8167: 8154: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8140: 8124: 8118: 8107: 8101: 8094: 8088: 8074: 8068: 8067: 8061: 8057: 8055: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8029: 8023: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7971: 7962: 7961: 7943: 7937: 7931: 7925: 7911: 7905: 7899: 7893: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7866: 7858: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7841: 7830: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7810: 7808: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7784: 7782: 7769: 7756: 7744: 7738: 7730: 7724: 7710: 7704: 7702: 7696: 7692: 7690: 7682: 7677:. Archived from 7667: 7661: 7660: 7656: 7654: 7641: 7635: 7621: 7615: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7596:. Archived from 7586: 7580: 7579: 7561: 7552: 7551: 7547: 7545: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7494: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7456: 7450: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7423: 7419: 7417: 7409: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7374: 7361: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7341: 7323: 7317: 7316: 7312: 7310: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7286: 7284: 7271: 7265: 7262: 7256: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7236: 7223: 7217: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7195: 7174: 7173: 7169: 7167: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7116: 7103: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7062: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7038: 7036: 7023: 7014: 7013: 7009: 7007: 6994: 6988: 6987: 6983: 6981: 6968: 6962: 6960: 6955: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6926: 6924: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6900: 6898: 6885: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6850: 6844: 6843: 6839: 6837: 6824: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6801:. Archived from 6790:No More Comrades 6784: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6750: 6744: 6728: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6703: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6676: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6662: 6652: 6644: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6626: 6613: 6607: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6570: 6564: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6546: 6544: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6518: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6501:on 4 August 2006 6490: 6484: 6483: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6439: 6433: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6414:. Archived from 6393: 6387: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6362:. Archived from 6341: 6335: 6321: 6315: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6276: 6270: 6268: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6234:(in Hungarian). 6229: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6181: 6172: 6171: 6170:. 24 April 2016. 6164: 6155: 6149: 6145: 6127: 6118: 6117: 6099: 6093: 6079: 6070: 6069: 6061: 6052: 6035: 6029: 6014: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5998: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5974: 5972: 5959: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5946: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5920: 5907: 5896: 5894: 5889:. Archived from 5868: 5862: 5861: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5818: 5809: 5808: 5798: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5753: 5747: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5689: 5683: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5658: 5652: 5651: 5633: 5627: 5624: 5607: 5569:Hungarian Revolt 5561: 5555: 5553: 5522: 5405: 5400: 5399: 5398: 5391: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5350:Condoleezza Rice 5317:national holiday 5223:Jean-Paul Sartre 5193:The Daily Worker 5161:Antonio Giolitti 5067:semi-final match 5000:Dag Hammarskjöld 4661:Mecsek Mountains 4502:Dag Hammarskjöld 4488: 4423:economic warfare 4331:Polish Red Cross 4224:satellite states 4197:de-Stalinisation 4083: 4046:social democracy 3664: 3657: 3650: 3636: 3635: 3489:Hungarian (1956) 3321:Spanish American 3050: 3027: 3026: 2929:de-Stalinization 2894:de-Stalinization 2884:De–Stalinization 2873: 2866: 2859: 2782: 2729: 2680: 2525:Poland 1944–1989 2509:Operation Jungle 2428: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2376: 2227: 2137: 2135: 2129: 2118: 2117: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2025:Economic decline 1833: 1778: 1771: 1764: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1555: 1554: 1350: 1349: 1299:Bocskai uprising 1235: 1234: 1150: 1149: 1085: 1084: 1041: 1031: 1013: 1012: 943:Second World War 937:Second World War 907: 773: 765: 757: 756: 755: 747: 742: 737: 728: 719: 718: 717: 709: 705: 695: 694: 693: 653: 652: 651: 643: 642: 641: 633: 632: 631: 620: 619: 618: 610: 609: 608: 600: 599: 598: 590: 589: 588: 570:Gergely Pongrátz 568: 567: 566: 556: 555: 554: 547: 544: 536: 535: 534: 526: 517: 516: 515: 505: 504: 503: 493: 492: 491: 481: 480: 479: 472: 463: 462: 461: 454: 445: 444: 443: 436: 425: 424: 423: 407: 406: 405: 395: 394: 393: 381: 380: 379: 369: 368: 367: 357: 356: 355: 345: 344: 343: 331: 330: 329: 319: 318: 317: 309:Gennady Obaturov 307: 306: 305: 295: 294: 293: 283: 282: 281: 271: 270: 269: 259: 258: 257: 247: 246: 245: 233: 232: 231: 210: 194: 190: 188: 187: 181:From 28 October: 177: 176: 175: 167:Kádár government 165: 164: 163: 158:From 4 November: 157: 153: 151: 150: 141: 137: 135: 134: 86: 84: 80: 74: 72: 68: 57: 56: 41: 21: 20: 17789: 17788: 17784: 17783: 17782: 17780: 17779: 17778: 17649:1950s conflicts 17634: 17633: 17632: 17627: 17626: 17621: 17608: 17601: 17594: 17581: 17492: 17485: 17478: 17471: 17447: 17440: 17422: 17408:Public holidays 17343: 17302: 17252: 17230: 17199: 17191: 17177: 17133:Law enforcement 17076: 17052: 17045: 17038: 16982: 16912: 16893:Second Republic 16795: 16786: 16756: 16751: 16666: 16620: 16607:Soviet reaction 16593:Croatian Spring 16537: 16535: 16528: 16522: 16514: 16486: 16480: 16442: 16429: 16415:Berlin Blockade 16366: 16365: 16346: 16341: 16311: 16306: 16283: 16274:Second Cold War 16232: 16160: 16154: 16130:Odd Arne Westad 16120:Patrick Vaughan 16105:Athan Theoharis 16085:Ellen Schrecker 16070:Yakov M. Rabkin 16045:Timothy Naftali 15990:Tvrtko Jakovina 15975:Jussi Hanhimäki 15858: 15836: 15826: 15804:Paix et Liberté 15779: 15723:Active measures 15704: 15634: 15615:White supremacy 15575:Totalitarianism 15503: 15428: 15351: 15337:Reagan Doctrine 15332:Carter Doctrine 15272:Truman Doctrine 15260: 15207: 15139: 15034:Soviet reaction 14945:Ndogboyosoi War 14852: 14823:Saur Revolution 14650:1973 oil crisis 14615:Munich massacre 14523:Alcora Exercise 14518:Black September 14496: 14242:Sino-Indian War 14136:Simba rebellion 14119: 13963:Capture of the 13871: 13810:Berlin Blockade 13743:May 1947 crises 13733:Truman Doctrine 13698:Greek Civil War 13687:Blacklist Forty 13654:Gouzenko Affair 13641:Cursed soldiers 13593:Morgenthau Plan 13581: 13519: 13514: 13484: 13479: 13274: 13247:August Uprising 13134: 13128: 13098: 13093: 13065: 13006: 13000: 12991:War of Dagestan 12765: 12738:August Uprising 12607: 12601: 12590:Boxer Rebellion 12558:Amur Annexation 12359: 12353: 12257: 12251: 12232:War of Dagestan 12212:August Uprising 12166: 12088: 12038: 12019: 11989: 11980: 11960: 11940: 11917:Slovak Uprising 11905: 11892: 11862: 11857:1956 Revolution 11841: 11805: 11800:1918 Revolution 11786: 11780:Armed conflicts 11777: 11742: 11713:The 1956 Portal 11709: 11653: 11631: 11614:The short film 11601:The short film 11588:The short film 11571:Solidarity (UK) 11517: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11488: 11484: 11473: 11404: 11401:Carl Beck Paper 11389: 11366: 11364:Primary sources 11276: 11266: 11240: 11215: 11176: 11157: 11138: 11107: 11088: 11065: 11044: 11025: 11006: 10998:. p. 264. 10983: 10958: 10935: 10933:Further reading 10930: 10929: 10919: 10917: 10908: 10907: 10903: 10893: 10891: 10882: 10881: 10877: 10867: 10865: 10856: 10855: 10851: 10841: 10839: 10834: 10833: 10829: 10822: 10806: 10802: 10792: 10790: 10786: 10775: 10771: 10770: 10766: 10756: 10754: 10746: 10745: 10741: 10726: 10706: 10702: 10695: 10673: 10669: 10654: 10634: 10627: 10619: 10615: 10611: 10604: 10590: 10586: 10563: 10559: 10549: 10547: 10538: 10537: 10533: 10523: 10521: 10506: 10498:McCusker, J. J. 10486: 10478:McCusker, J. J. 10474: 10470: 10464:Wayback Machine 10455: 10451: 10442: 10438: 10430: 10426: 10420:Wayback Machine 10411: 10407: 10401:Wayback Machine 10392: 10388: 10370: 10369: 10365: 10360: 10356: 10351: 10347: 10341:Alsing Andersen 10339: 10335: 10326: 10322: 10313: 10309: 10303: 10297: 10293: 10287: 10283: 10272: 10268: 10262: 10256: 10252: 10246: 10242: 10236: 10230: 10226: 10220: 10216: 10206: 10204: 10200: 10194: 10190: 10183: 10164: 10160: 10150: 10148: 10135: 10134: 10130: 10121: 10117: 10110: 10096: 10092: 10082: 10080: 10067: 10066: 10062: 10054: 10047: 10030: 10026: 10020:Wayback Machine 10010: 10006: 10000: 9994: 9990: 9984: 9980: 9974: 9968: 9964: 9958: 9954: 9944: 9942: 9934: 9930: 9929: 9925: 9908: 9904: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9868: 9864: 9854: 9852: 9837: 9833: 9823: 9821: 9802: 9795: 9785: 9783: 9766: 9762: 9755: 9741: 9737: 9727: 9725: 9716:Kemény, János. 9714: 9710: 9698: 9694: 9674: 9670: 9661: 9657: 9648: 9641: 9636:Wayback Machine 9625: 9621: 9612: 9605: 9596: 9592: 9583: 9579: 9573: 9567: 9563: 9557: 9553: 9547: 9541: 9537: 9531: 9527: 9521: 9515: 9511: 9505: 9498: 9492: 9486: 9482: 9476: 9472: 9466: 9460: 9456: 9450: 9446: 9440: 9434: 9430: 9424: 9420: 9402: 9400: 9380: 9376: 9369: 9349: 9345: 9339: 9333: 9329: 9323: 9319: 9313: 9307: 9303: 9297: 9293: 9287: 9281: 9277: 9271: 9267: 9256: 9249: 9239: 9237: 9232: 9231: 9227: 9220: 9206: 9202: 9196: 9190: 9186: 9180: 9173: 9145: 9138: 9131: 9109: 9105: 9098: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9068: 9064: 9058: 9054: 9048: 9042: 9038: 9032: 9028: 9022: 9016: 9012: 9006: 9002: 8992: 8990: 8982: 8978: 8977: 8973: 8963: 8961: 8956: 8955: 8951: 8945:Wayback Machine 8936: 8932: 8926: 8920: 8916: 8910: 8906: 8897: 8896: 8892: 8887:Wayback Machine 8876: 8867: 8857: 8855: 8847: 8843: 8842: 8838: 8797: 8793: 8783: 8781: 8773: 8769: 8768: 8764: 8754: 8752: 8744: 8740: 8739: 8735: 8729:Wayback Machine 8716: 8712: 8681: 8672: 8662: 8660: 8650: 8646: 8635: 8634: 8630: 8620: 8618: 8610: 8609: 8605: 8590: 8586: 8576: 8574: 8565: 8564: 8560: 8549: 8545: 8539:Wayback Machine 8529: 8525: 8519:Wayback Machine 8509: 8505: 8488: 8484: 8467: 8463: 8459:(2005), p. 109. 8454: 8450: 8446:(2001), p. 451. 8442:Short, Philip. 8441: 8437: 8427: 8425: 8417: 8413: 8412: 8408: 8402: 8396: 8392: 8386: 8382: 8373: 8369: 8359: 8357: 8348: 8347: 8343: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8318:Modern Politics 8313: 8309: 8298: 8294: 8283: 8282: 8278: 8273: 8269: 8252: 8248: 8239: 8235: 8225: 8223: 8208: 8204: 8197: 8174: 8170: 8164:Wayback Machine 8155: 8148: 8138: 8136: 8125: 8121: 8108: 8104: 8100:(2006), p. 286. 8095: 8091: 8085:Wayback Machine 8075: 8071: 8059: 8058: 8049: 8048: 8041: 8039: 8030: 8026: 8007: 8003: 7993: 7991: 7972: 7965: 7958: 7944: 7940: 7935:Days of Freedom 7932: 7928: 7922:Wayback Machine 7912: 7908: 7900: 7896: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7864: 7860: 7859: 7855: 7845: 7843: 7839: 7828: 7822: 7818: 7812: 7806: 7802: 7796: 7792: 7786: 7780: 7776: 7770: 7759: 7745: 7741: 7731: 7727: 7711: 7707: 7694: 7693: 7684: 7683: 7668: 7664: 7658: 7652: 7648: 7642: 7638: 7622: 7618: 7612:Walter Cronkite 7603: 7601: 7592: 7587: 7583: 7576: 7562: 7555: 7549: 7543: 7539: 7533: 7529: 7522: 7508: 7504: 7498: 7492: 7488: 7482: 7478: 7471: 7457: 7453: 7437: 7433: 7421: 7420: 7411: 7410: 7396:Walter Cronkite 7388: 7384: 7378: 7372: 7368: 7362: 7358: 7350: 7346: 7338: 7324: 7320: 7314: 7308: 7304: 7298: 7294: 7288: 7282: 7278: 7272: 7268: 7264:Berecz, p. 117. 7263: 7259: 7251:Berecz, János. 7250: 7246: 7240: 7234: 7230: 7224: 7220: 7211: 7207: 7196: 7177: 7171: 7165: 7161: 7155: 7151: 7144: 7130: 7126: 7120: 7114: 7110: 7104: 7097: 7087: 7085: 7077: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7060: 7056: 7050: 7046: 7040: 7034: 7030: 7024: 7017: 7011: 7005: 7001: 6995: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6975: 6969: 6965: 6958: 6952: 6938: 6934: 6928: 6922: 6918: 6912: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6892: 6886: 6879: 6869: 6867: 6866:on 30 June 2007 6852: 6851: 6847: 6841: 6835: 6831: 6825: 6818: 6808: 6806: 6785: 6772: 6762: 6760: 6752: 6751: 6747: 6741:Wayback Machine 6729: 6725: 6717: 6713: 6704: 6700: 6690: 6688: 6677: 6670: 6660: 6658: 6650: 6646: 6645: 6636: 6630: 6624: 6620: 6614: 6610: 6598: 6594: 6584: 6582: 6571: 6567: 6558: 6554: 6548: 6542: 6538: 6532: 6528: 6512: 6511: 6504: 6502: 6491: 6487: 6480: 6466: 6462: 6452: 6450: 6440: 6436: 6427: 6423: 6412: 6394: 6390: 6385:Wayback Machine 6375: 6371: 6360: 6342: 6338: 6332:Wayback Machine 6322: 6318: 6312:Wayback Machine 6302: 6298: 6291: 6277: 6273: 6259: 6255: 6245: 6243: 6227: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6196: 6192: 6187:. 13 July 1947. 6183: 6182: 6175: 6166: 6165: 6158: 6147: 6142: 6128: 6121: 6114: 6100: 6096: 6080: 6073: 6062: 6055: 6049:Wayback Machine 6036: 6032: 6015: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5992: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5970: 5966: 5960: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5940: 5934: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5914: 5908: 5899: 5887: 5869: 5865: 5858: 5844: 5840: 5830: 5828: 5820: 5819: 5812: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5741: 5737: 5727: 5725: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5701: 5699: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5681: 5677: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5655: 5648: 5634: 5630: 5625: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5610: 5577:Ellenforradalom 5562: 5558: 5551: 5549:Wayback Machine 5523: 5519: 5514: 5431:House of Terror 5401: 5396: 5394: 5387: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5369:Péter Szijjártó 5354:role of Hungary 5263: 5235:Left communists 5089:as the reason. 5043:Man of the Year 5031:Alsing Andersen 4970: 4956:New Left Review 4874:Georgy Malenkov 4850: 4837: 4770: 4731:Kuzma Grebennik 4530:A Soviet-built 4479: 4477: 4475:Soviet invasion 4461:Géza Jeszenszky 4340: 4291: 4289:Polish response 4180:Anastas Mikoyan 4172:Mosonmagyaróvár 4115: 4103:Mosonmagyaróvár 4081: 4001: 3992: 3938:general strikes 3886:Mikhail Malinin 3874:Anastas Mikoyan 3807: 3760:National Song ( 3744:state ownership 3720: 3691:followed suit. 3668: 3630: 3625: 3624: 3281: 3273: 3272: 3144: 3136: 3135: 3096: 3088: 3087: 3058: 3025: 3020: 2967: 2959:destabilisation 2886: 2877: 2848: 2847: 2783: 2780: 2773: 2772: 2725: 2701:Berlin Blockade 2681: 2679:Cold War events 2678: 2671: 2670: 2594:Kazakhstan 1986 2425: 2420: 2418: 2411: 2410: 2377: 2374: 2367: 2366: 2228: 2225: 2218: 2217: 2138: 2133: 2127: 2125: 2115: 2106: 2088: 2068:Hungarian pengő 2054:. In 1946, the 2044:war reparations 2027: 1991:intelligentsias 1986: 1935:world Communism 1897:Initially, the 1895: 1887:Students' union 1871:nationalization 1796:, in which the 1782: 1746: 1744: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1668:Hungarian Kings 1627: 1619: 1618: 1603:1989–2012 1593:1956–1989 1573:1949–1989 1563:1946–1949 1552: 1544: 1543: 1538:1941–1945 1508:1939–1945 1488:1920–1946 1468:1919–1920 1448:1918–1919 1438:1918–1941 1434:Interwar period 1428:1914–1918 1418:1867–1918 1408:1867–1918 1394:Hungarian State 1388:1848–1849 1378:1825–1848 1368:1711–1867 1358:1703–1711 1347: 1339: 1338: 1333:1699–1867 1323:1682–1685 1313:1664–1671 1303:1604–1606 1293:1570–1711 1283:1541–1699 1279:Ottoman Hungary 1273:1526–1699 1263:1526–1570 1253:1526–1699 1232: 1224: 1223: 1218:1366–1526 1208:1301–1526 1198:1241–1242 1178:1102–1918 1168:1000–1301 1147: 1139: 1138: 1082: 1074: 1073: 1049: 1029: 1022: 1011: 969:. In 1941, the 939: 934: 879:sixteen demands 811: 796: 753: 751: 738: 732:(to 4 November) 715: 713: 700: 691: 689: 676: 649: 647: 639: 637: 629: 627: 616: 614: 606: 604: 596: 594: 586: 584: 574: 564: 562: 552: 550: 532: 530: 529: 513: 511: 501: 499: 489: 487: 477: 475: 459: 457: 441: 439: 421: 419: 413: 403: 401: 391: 389: 377: 375: 365: 363: 353: 351: 341: 339: 327: 325: 315: 313: 303: 301: 297:Kuzma Grebennik 291: 289: 279: 277: 267: 265: 255: 253: 243: 241: 229: 227: 205: 200: 197:Nagy government 185: 183: 173: 171: 161: 159: 148: 146: 143: 132: 130: 99: 82: 78: 76: 70: 66: 64: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17787: 17777: 17776: 17771: 17766: 17761: 17756: 17751: 17746: 17741: 17736: 17731: 17726: 17721: 17716: 17711: 17706: 17701: 17696: 17691: 17686: 17681: 17676: 17671: 17666: 17661: 17656: 17651: 17646: 17629: 17628: 17623: 17622: 17620: 17619: 17614: 17607: 17606: 17599: 17591: 17590: 17587: 17586: 17583: 17582: 17580: 17579: 17574: 17569: 17564: 17559: 17554: 17549: 17544: 17539: 17534: 17529: 17524: 17519: 17514: 17509: 17504: 17499: 17498: 17497: 17490: 17483: 17476: 17464: 17459: 17454: 17453: 17452: 17445: 17432: 17430: 17424: 17423: 17421: 17420: 17415: 17410: 17405: 17400: 17395: 17390: 17385: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17355: 17350: 17349: 17348: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17320: 17314: 17308: 17307: 17304: 17303: 17301: 17300: 17295: 17290: 17285: 17280: 17275: 17270: 17268:Stock exchange 17265: 17260: 17255: 17247: 17242: 17237: 17236: 17235: 17223: 17217: 17211: 17205: 17204: 17201: 17200: 17198: 17197: 17196: 17195: 17186:Prime Minister 17183: 17182: 17181: 17169: 17164: 17163: 17162: 17152: 17147: 17146: 17145: 17135: 17130: 17125: 17120: 17115: 17110: 17105: 17100: 17094: 17088: 17082: 17081: 17078: 17077: 17075: 17074: 17069: 17067:National parks 17064: 17059: 17058: 17057: 17050: 17043: 17031: 17026: 17024:Extreme points 17021: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17000: 16994: 16988: 16987: 16984: 16983: 16981: 16980: 16975: 16970: 16965: 16964: 16963: 16958: 16953: 16943: 16938: 16933: 16928: 16923: 16917: 16914: 16913: 16911: 16910: 16908:Third Republic 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16885: 16880: 16875: 16873:First Republic 16870: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16809: 16803: 16797: 16796: 16785: 16784: 16777: 16770: 16762: 16753: 16752: 16750: 16749: 16748: 16747: 16737: 16732: 16727: 16722: 16717: 16712: 16707: 16702: 16697: 16692: 16687: 16680: 16674: 16672: 16668: 16667: 16665: 16664: 16659: 16654: 16649: 16644: 16639: 16628: 16626: 16622: 16621: 16619: 16618: 16613: 16600: 16595: 16590: 16585: 16576: 16571: 16566: 16561: 16556: 16551: 16546: 16540: 16538: 16533: 16530: 16529: 16527: 16526: 16518: 16510: 16505: 16500: 16494: 16492: 16488: 16487: 16485: 16484: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16437: 16435: 16431: 16430: 16428: 16427: 16422: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16406: 16405: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16380: 16374: 16372: 16368: 16367: 16364: 16363: 16358: 16352: 16351: 16348: 16347: 16340: 16339: 16332: 16325: 16317: 16308: 16307: 16305: 16304: 16299: 16294: 16288: 16285: 16284: 16282: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16266: 16261: 16256: 16251: 16246: 16240: 16238: 16234: 16233: 16231: 16230: 16225: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16170: 16164: 16162: 16156: 16155: 16153: 16152: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16102: 16100:Timothy Snyder 16097: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16062: 16057: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16030:Vojtech Mastny 16027: 16025:Geir Lundestad 16022: 16017: 16015:Walter Laqueur 16012: 16010:Walter LaFeber 16007: 16002: 15997: 15992: 15987: 15982: 15977: 15972: 15967: 15962: 15957: 15952: 15947: 15942: 15940:André Fontaine 15937: 15932: 15927: 15922: 15917: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15870:Gar Alperovitz 15866: 15864: 15860: 15859: 15857: 15856: 15851: 15846: 15840: 15838: 15832: 15831: 15828: 15827: 15825: 15824: 15819: 15813: 15812: 15807: 15800: 15795: 15787: 15785: 15781: 15780: 15778: 15777: 15770: 15765: 15758: 15751: 15746: 15739: 15732: 15725: 15719: 15717: 15710: 15706: 15705: 15703: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15646: 15644: 15640: 15639: 15636: 15635: 15633: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15610:Third-Worldism 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15517: 15511: 15509: 15505: 15504: 15502: 15501: 15496: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15476: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 15444: 15438: 15436: 15430: 15429: 15427: 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15399:Libertarianism 15396: 15391: 15390: 15389: 15379: 15377:Chicago school 15374: 15368: 15366: 15357: 15353: 15352: 15350: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15322:Nixon Doctrine 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15274: 15268: 15266: 15265:Foreign policy 15262: 15261: 15259: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15217: 15215: 15209: 15208: 15206: 15205: 15200: 15199: 15198: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15147: 15145: 15141: 15140: 15138: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15050:Operation RYAN 15047: 15042: 15037: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14967: 14962: 14957: 14955:Able Archer 83 14952: 14947: 14942: 14937: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14902: 14901: 14900: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14871: 14866: 14860: 14858: 14854: 14853: 14851: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14800: 14795: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14705:Oromo conflict 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14677: 14672: 14667: 14662: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14645:Yom Kippur War 14642: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14555: 14550: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14510: 14504: 14502: 14498: 14497: 14495: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14468: 14467: 14457: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14428: 14423: 14422: 14421: 14411: 14406: 14401: 14396: 14391: 14386: 14381: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14331: 14326: 14321: 14316: 14311: 14306: 14301: 14300: 14299: 14289: 14284: 14279: 14277:Aden Emergency 14274: 14269: 14264: 14259: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14228: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14195:Papua conflict 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14176: 14175: 14165: 14164: 14163: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14127: 14125: 14121: 14120: 14118: 14117: 14112: 14111: 14110: 14100: 14098:Kitchen Debate 14095: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14058:Sputnik crisis 14055: 14050: 14042: 14035: 14030: 14028:Polish October 14025: 14020: 14015: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13945: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13928:Pact of Madrid 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13883:Bamboo Curtain 13879: 13877: 13873: 13872: 13870: 13869: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13853: 13852: 13842: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13776: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13682: 13674: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13643: 13638: 13637: 13636: 13631: 13623: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13589: 13587: 13583: 13582: 13580: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13532: 13524: 13521: 13520: 13513: 13512: 13505: 13498: 13490: 13481: 13480: 13478: 13477: 13472: 13467: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13442: 13437: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13410:Vlora Incident 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13361: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13349: 13348: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13322: 13321: 13311: 13306: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13238: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13201: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13180: 13175: 13173:Sochi conflict 13170: 13165: 13160: 13159: 13158: 13142: 13140: 13136: 13135: 13127: 13126: 13119: 13112: 13104: 13095: 13094: 13092: 13091: 13086: 13081: 13076: 13074:Russian Winter 13070: 13067: 13066: 13064: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13042: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13016: 13010: 13008: 13002: 13001: 12999: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12903: 12901:Vlora incident 12898: 12893: 12888: 12883: 12878: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12852: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12840: 12839: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12813: 12812: 12802: 12797: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12729: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12693: 12692: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12671: 12666: 12664:Sochi conflict 12661: 12656: 12651: 12650: 12649: 12634: 12633: 12632: 12622: 12617: 12611: 12609: 12603: 12602: 12600: 12599: 12598: 12597: 12587: 12582: 12581: 12580: 12575: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12554: 12553: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12522: 12521: 12516: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12396: 12390: 12385: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12363: 12361: 12355: 12354: 12352: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12261: 12259: 12253: 12252: 12250: 12249: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12178: 12176: 12172: 12171: 12168: 12167: 12165: 12164: 12159: 12158: 12157: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12096: 12094: 12090: 12089: 12087: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12050: 12044: 12040: 12039: 12018: 12017: 12010: 12003: 11995: 11986: 11985: 11982: 11981: 11979: 11978: 11971: 11969: 11962: 11961: 11959: 11958: 11951: 11949: 11942: 11941: 11939: 11938: 11932: 11926: 11920: 11913: 11911: 11908:Czechoslovakia 11899:Czech Republic 11894: 11893: 11891: 11890: 11884: 11877: 11875: 11869:Ottoman Empire 11864: 11863: 11861: 11860: 11853: 11851: 11843: 11842: 11840: 11839: 11833: 11830: 11823: 11821: 11811: 11807: 11806: 11804: 11803: 11796: 11794: 11788: 11787: 11776: 11775: 11768: 11761: 11753: 11747: 11744: 11743: 11734: 11733: 11728: 11722: 11716: 11708: 11707:Commemorations 11705: 11704: 11703: 11695: 11679: 11671: 11666:Freedom's Fury 11662: 11652: 11649: 11648: 11647: 11638: 11630: 11627: 11626: 11625: 11612: 11599: 11586: 11564: 11555: 11549: 11544: 11538: 11532: 11516: 11513: 11512: 11511: 11503: 11502:External links 11500: 11498: 11497: 11495:(1.47 MB) 11477: 11471: 11458: 11451: 11444: 11435: 11421:Korda, Michael 11418: 11411: 11393: 11387: 11374: 11369:Beke, Laszlo. 11365: 11362: 11361: 11360: 11350: 11340: 11333: 11319: 11312: 11302: 11291: 11284: 11275: 11272: 11271: 11270: 11264: 11251: 11244: 11238: 11219: 11213: 11194: 11180: 11174: 11161: 11155: 11142: 11136: 11118: 11111: 11105: 11092: 11086: 11073: 11063: 11048: 11042: 11029: 11023: 11010: 11004: 10987: 10981: 10962: 10956: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10928: 10927: 10901: 10875: 10849: 10827: 10820: 10800: 10764: 10739: 10724: 10718:. p. 34. 10700: 10693: 10687:. p. 74. 10667: 10652: 10646:. p. 30. 10625: 10609: 10602: 10584: 10557: 10531: 10515:1800–present: 10468: 10449: 10436: 10424: 10405: 10394:Formal Address 10386: 10363: 10354: 10345: 10333: 10320: 10307: 10304:(1.47 MB) 10281: 10266: 10263:(1.47 MB) 10240: 10237:(1.47 MB) 10214: 10188: 10181: 10158: 10128: 10115: 10109:978-1608462193 10108: 10090: 10060: 10045: 10024: 10004: 10001:(1.47 MB) 9978: 9975:(1.47 MB) 9952: 9923: 9902: 9884: 9862: 9831: 9793: 9782:on 7 June 2007 9760: 9753: 9735: 9708: 9692: 9668: 9655: 9639: 9619: 9603: 9590: 9577: 9574:(1.47 MB) 9551: 9548:(1.47 MB) 9525: 9522:(1.47 MB) 9496: 9493:(1.47 MB) 9470: 9467:(1.47 MB) 9444: 9441:(1.47 MB) 9418: 9374: 9367: 9343: 9340:(1.47 MB) 9317: 9314:(1.47 MB) 9291: 9288:(1.47 MB) 9265: 9247: 9225: 9218: 9200: 9197:(1.47 MB) 9171: 9136: 9129: 9103: 9096: 9078: 9075:(1.47 MB) 9052: 9049:(1.47 MB) 9026: 9023:(1.47 MB) 9000: 8971: 8949: 8930: 8927:(1.47 MB) 8904: 8890: 8865: 8836: 8791: 8762: 8733: 8710: 8670: 8644: 8628: 8603: 8584: 8558: 8543: 8523: 8503: 8482: 8461: 8448: 8435: 8406: 8403:(1.47 MB) 8380: 8367: 8341: 8327: 8307: 8292: 8276: 8267: 8246: 8233: 8202: 8195: 8177:Arendt, Hannah 8168: 8146: 8119: 8102: 8089: 8076:Kramer, Mark. 8069: 8024: 8001: 7990:on 8 June 2008 7963: 7956: 7938: 7926: 7906: 7894: 7882: 7853: 7816: 7813:(1.47 MB) 7790: 7787:(1.47 MB) 7757: 7746:Andy Anderson 7739: 7725: 7705: 7662: 7659:(1.47 MB) 7636: 7616: 7581: 7575:978-0385515696 7574: 7553: 7550:(1.47 MB) 7527: 7520: 7502: 7499:(1.47 MB) 7476: 7469: 7451: 7431: 7382: 7379:(1.47 MB) 7356: 7344: 7336: 7318: 7315:(1.47 MB) 7292: 7289:(1.47 MB) 7266: 7257: 7244: 7241:(1.47 MB) 7218: 7205: 7175: 7172:(1.47 MB) 7149: 7142: 7124: 7121:(1.47 MB) 7095: 7070: 7067:(1.47 MB) 7044: 7041:(1.47 MB) 7015: 7012:(1.47 MB) 6989: 6986:(1.47 MB) 6963: 6950: 6932: 6929:(1.47 MB) 6906: 6903:(1.47 MB) 6877: 6845: 6842:(1.47 MB) 6816: 6770: 6745: 6723: 6711: 6698: 6683:. culture.pl. 6668: 6634: 6631:(1.47 MB) 6608: 6592: 6565: 6563:(2008) p. 144. 6552: 6549:(1.47 MB) 6526: 6485: 6478: 6460: 6434: 6421: 6410: 6388: 6369: 6358: 6336: 6316: 6296: 6289: 6271: 6253: 6215: 6208: 6190: 6173: 6156: 6140: 6119: 6112: 6094: 6071: 6053: 6030: 6006: 6003:(1.47 MB) 5980: 5977:(1.47 MB) 5954: 5951:(1.47 MB) 5928: 5925:(1.47 MB) 5897: 5885: 5863: 5857:0-14-01-1341-X 5856: 5838: 5810: 5769: 5748: 5735: 5709: 5684: 5675: 5653: 5646: 5628: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5556: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5502: 5501: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5435: 5434: 5428: 5415: 5407: 5406: 5392: 5389:Hungary portal 5376: 5373: 5358:George W. Bush 5283:MacArthur Park 5262: 5259: 5231:Situations VII 5006:, Ceylon (now 4969: 4966: 4951:Nicolas Krassó 4878:Mikhail Suslov 4849: 4846: 4836: 4833: 4816: 4815: 4812: 4805: 4802: 4795: 4792: 4769: 4766: 4648:Hungarian Army 4626:in Budapest's 4476: 4473: 4454:Finlandization 4339: 4336: 4290: 4287: 4275:Ferenc Münnich 4228: 4227: 4216: 4213:Polish October 4193: 4184:Mikhail Suslov 4119:Polish October 4114: 4111: 4037: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4000: 3999:New government 3997: 3991: 3988: 3906:Hungarian Army 3878:Mikhail Suslov 3848:András Hegedüs 3806: 3803: 3783:intelligentsia 3752:United Nations 3719: 3716: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3666: 3659: 3652: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3621: 3620: 3610: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3370:Italian states 3362: 3357: 3356: 3355: 3350: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3324: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3288: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3263:Tax resistance 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3187: 3186: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3164:Class conflict 3161: 3156: 3154:Civil disorder 3151: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3043: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3012:Polish October 2966: 2963: 2922:self-criticism 2898:reformist wing 2885: 2882: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2875: 2868: 2861: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2808:January Events 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2784: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2682: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2636: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2619:Lithuania 1991 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2483: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2435: 2434: 2426: 2417: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2386: 2378: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2358: 2344: 2339: 2333: 2328: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2275:Czechoslovakia 2272: 2267: 2262: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2139: 2124: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2111: 2110: 2087: 2084: 2060:hyperinflation 2026: 2023: 1985: 1982: 1894: 1891: 1818:salami tactics 1784: 1783: 1781: 1780: 1773: 1766: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1180: 1179: 1176: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1160: 1159: 1158:895–1000 1156: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1123:~800–970 1121: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1109:Avar Khaganate 1105: 1104: 1101: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1083: 1081:Early medieval 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1064:Roman Pannonia 1061: 1056: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1034: 1033: 1024: 1023: 1016: 1010: 1007: 938: 935: 933: 930: 869:government of 818: 817: 813: 812: 810: 809: 808:200,000 exiled 806: 805:13,000 wounded 803: 799: 797: 795: 794: 791: 787: 784: 783: 779: 778: 711: 686: 685: 681: 680: 677: 675: 674: 671: 667: 664: 663: 659: 658: 635:Armed citizens 625: 581: 580: 579:Units involved 576: 575: 573: 572: 560: 548: 538:Sándor Kopácsi 527: 509: 497: 485: 473: 455: 437: 416: 414: 412: 411: 399: 397:Ferenc Münnich 387: 373: 361: 349: 347:András Hegedüs 337: 323: 311: 299: 287: 275: 263: 251: 239: 224: 221: 220: 216: 215: 169: 125: 124: 120: 119: 116: 115: 114: 113: 105: 101: 100: 95: 93: 89: 88: 61: 53: 52: 45:Hungarian flag 34: 33: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17786: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17767: 17765: 17762: 17760: 17757: 17755: 17754:Urban warfare 17752: 17750: 17747: 17745: 17742: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17730: 17727: 17725: 17722: 17720: 17717: 17715: 17712: 17710: 17707: 17705: 17702: 17700: 17697: 17695: 17692: 17690: 17687: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17677: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17641: 17639: 17618: 17615: 17613: 17610: 17609: 17604: 17600: 17597: 17593: 17592: 17588: 17578: 17575: 17573: 17570: 17568: 17565: 17563: 17560: 17558: 17555: 17553: 17550: 17548: 17545: 17543: 17540: 17538: 17535: 17533: 17530: 17528: 17525: 17523: 17520: 17518: 17515: 17513: 17510: 17508: 17505: 17503: 17500: 17495: 17491: 17488: 17484: 17481: 17477: 17474: 17470: 17469: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17450: 17446: 17443: 17439: 17438: 17437: 17434: 17433: 17431: 17429: 17425: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17396: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17386: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17354: 17353:Family policy 17351: 17346: 17342: 17341: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17321: 17318: 17315: 17313: 17309: 17299: 17296: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17269: 17266: 17264: 17261: 17259: 17256: 17251: 17248: 17246: 17243: 17241: 17238: 17233: 17229: 17228: 17227: 17224: 17222: 17219: 17218: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17206: 17194: 17189: 17188: 17187: 17184: 17180: 17175: 17174: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17161: 17158: 17157: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17144: 17141: 17140: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17131: 17129: 17126: 17124: 17121: 17119: 17116: 17114: 17111: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17095: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17083: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17055: 17051: 17048: 17044: 17041: 17037: 17036: 17035: 17032: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17022: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17001: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16989: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16966: 16962: 16959: 16957: 16954: 16952: 16949: 16948: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16941:Árpád dynasty 16939: 16937: 16934: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16918: 16915: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16853:Rákóczi's War 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16810: 16807: 16804: 16802: 16798: 16794: 16790: 16783: 16778: 16776: 16771: 16769: 16764: 16763: 16760: 16746: 16745:Yugoslav Wars 16743: 16742: 16741: 16738: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16721: 16718: 16716: 16713: 16711: 16708: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16686: 16685: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16675: 16673: 16669: 16663: 16660: 16658: 16655: 16653: 16650: 16648: 16645: 16643: 16640: 16637: 16633: 16630: 16629: 16627: 16623: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16608: 16604: 16601: 16599: 16596: 16594: 16591: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16580: 16579:Prague Spring 16577: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16555: 16552: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16541: 16539: 16531: 16525: 16519: 16517: 16511: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16501: 16499: 16496: 16495: 16493: 16491:Organizations 16489: 16483: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16439: 16438: 16436: 16432: 16426: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16404: 16401: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16393:Baltic states 16391: 16389: 16386: 16385: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16375: 16373: 16369: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16354: 16353: 16349: 16345: 16338: 16333: 16331: 16326: 16324: 16319: 16318: 16315: 16303: 16300: 16298: 16295: 16293: 16290: 16289: 16286: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16270: 16267: 16265: 16264:War on terror 16262: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16245: 16242: 16241: 16239: 16235: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16165: 16163: 16159:Espionage and 16157: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16110:Andrew Thorpe 16108: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16056: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16005:Gabriel Kolko 16003: 16001: 15998: 15996: 15993: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15970:Fred Halliday 15968: 15966: 15963: 15961: 15958: 15956: 15955:Lloyd Gardner 15953: 15951: 15948: 15946: 15943: 15941: 15938: 15936: 15933: 15931: 15928: 15926: 15923: 15921: 15918: 15916: 15915:Norman Davies 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15900:John Costello 15898: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15867: 15865: 15861: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15845: 15842: 15841: 15839: 15835:Technological 15833: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15814: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15805: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15793: 15789: 15788: 15786: 15782: 15776: 15775: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15763: 15759: 15757: 15756: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15744: 15740: 15738: 15737: 15733: 15731: 15730: 15726: 15724: 15721: 15720: 15718: 15716:Pro-communist 15714: 15711: 15707: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15647: 15645: 15643:Organizations 15641: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15512: 15510: 15506: 15500: 15497: 15495: 15492: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15474: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15457:Eurocommunism 15455: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15440: 15439: 15437: 15435: 15431: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15388: 15385: 15384: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15369: 15367: 15365: 15361: 15358: 15354: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15287:Domino theory 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15269: 15267: 15263: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15241:South Ossetia 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15218: 15216: 15214: 15210: 15204: 15201: 15197: 15194: 15193: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15148: 15146: 15142: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15035: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15025:8888 Uprising 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14970:Iran–Iraq War 14968: 14966: 14963: 14961: 14958: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14938: 14936: 14935:Falklands War 14933: 14931: 14928: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14903: 14899: 14896: 14895: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14861: 14859: 14855: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14809: 14806: 14804: 14801: 14799: 14798:NDF Rebellion 14796: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14778:German Autumn 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14758: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14673: 14671: 14668: 14666: 14665:Metapolitefsi 14663: 14661: 14658: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14560: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14505: 14503: 14499: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14466: 14463: 14462: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14434: 14429: 14427: 14426:Prague Spring 14424: 14420: 14417: 14416: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14404:Al-Wadiah War 14402: 14400: 14397: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14369:12-3 incident 14367: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14320: 14317: 14315: 14312: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14298: 14295: 14294: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14260: 14258: 14255: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14212: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14174: 14171: 14170: 14169: 14166: 14162: 14159: 14158: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14128: 14126: 14122: 14116: 14113: 14109: 14106: 14105: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14048: 14043: 14040: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14013: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13966: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13948:Domino theory 13946: 13944: 13943:Petrov Affair 13941: 13939: 13936: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13880: 13878: 13874: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13851: 13848: 13847: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13820:Madiun Affair 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13780:Marshall Plan 13778: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13760: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13688: 13683: 13681: 13680: 13675: 13673: 13672: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13649: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13629: 13624: 13622: 13621: 13616: 13615: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13590: 13588: 13584: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13537: 13533: 13531: 13530: 13529:United States 13526: 13525: 13522: 13518: 13511: 13506: 13504: 13499: 13497: 13492: 13491: 13488: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13380:Ili Rebellion 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13347: 13344: 13343: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13320: 13317: 13316: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13301: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13278: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13185: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13157: 13154: 13153: 13152: 13149: 13148: 13147: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13137: 13133: 13125: 13120: 13118: 13113: 13111: 13106: 13105: 13102: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13071: 13068: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13040: 13039:2022 invasion 13037: 13035: 13034:War in Donbas 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13021: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13011: 13009: 13003: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12897: 12894: 12892: 12889: 12887: 12884: 12882: 12879: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12871:Ili Rebellion 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12838: 12835: 12834: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12811: 12808: 12807: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12792: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12769: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12676: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12648: 12645: 12644: 12643: 12640: 12639: 12638: 12635: 12631: 12628: 12627: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12612: 12610: 12604: 12596: 12593: 12592: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12570: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12552: 12549: 12548: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12511: 12510: 12509:Caucasian War 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 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12024: 12016: 12011: 12009: 12004: 12002: 11997: 11996: 11993: 11976: 11973: 11972: 11970: 11968: 11963: 11956: 11953: 11952: 11950: 11948: 11943: 11936: 11933: 11930: 11927: 11924: 11921: 11918: 11915: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11904: 11900: 11895: 11888: 11885: 11882: 11879: 11878: 11876: 11874: 11870: 11865: 11858: 11855: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11844: 11837: 11834: 11831: 11828: 11825: 11824: 11822: 11820: 11815: 11812: 11810:International 11808: 11801: 11798: 11797: 11795: 11793: 11789: 11785: 11781: 11774: 11769: 11767: 11762: 11760: 11755: 11754: 11751: 11745: 11738: 11732: 11729: 11726: 11723: 11720: 11717: 11714: 11711: 11710: 11701: 11700: 11696: 11693: 11689: 11685: 11684: 11683:Freedom Dance 11680: 11677: 11676: 11672: 11668: 11667: 11663: 11660: 11659: 11655: 11654: 11651:Feature films 11646: 11642: 11639: 11636: 11633: 11632: 11623: 11619: 11618: 11613: 11610: 11606: 11605: 11600: 11597: 11593: 11592: 11587: 11584: 11583:0-934868-01-8 11580: 11576: 11572: 11568: 11565: 11563: 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8492: 8486: 8479: 8478:91-518-4612-8 8475: 8471: 8465: 8458: 8452: 8445: 8439: 8423: 8416: 8410: 8395: 8390: 8384: 8377: 8371: 8355: 8351: 8345: 8330: 8324: 8320: 8319: 8311: 8303: 8296: 8289: 8280: 8271: 8264: 8263:83-01-14487-4 8260: 8256: 8250: 8243: 8237: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8206: 8198: 8196:0-15-670153-7 8192: 8188: 8184: 8183: 8178: 8172: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8153: 8151: 8134: 8130: 8123: 8117:, pp. 88–94.) 8116: 8112: 8106: 8099: 8093: 8086: 8082: 8079: 8073: 8065: 8053: 8037: 8036: 8028: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8012: 8005: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7970: 7968: 7959: 7957:0-8047-5606-6 7953: 7949: 7942: 7936: 7930: 7923: 7919: 7916: 7913:Mark Kramer, 7910: 7903: 7898: 7891: 7886: 7870: 7863: 7857: 7838: 7834: 7827: 7820: 7805: 7800: 7794: 7779: 7774: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7755: 7754: 7749: 7743: 7736: 7735: 7729: 7722: 7721: 7716: 7715: 7709: 7700: 7695:|author= 7688: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7651: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7633:0-313-23804-9 7630: 7626: 7620: 7613: 7599: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7577: 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6576: 6569: 6562: 6559:Weiner, Tim. 6556: 6541: 6536: 6530: 6522: 6516: 6500: 6496: 6489: 6481: 6479:0-8047-5606-6 6475: 6471: 6464: 6449: 6445: 6438: 6431: 6425: 6417: 6413: 6411:0-8371-7540-2 6407: 6403: 6399: 6392: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6373: 6365: 6361: 6359:0-8371-7540-2 6355: 6351: 6347: 6340: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6320: 6313: 6309: 6306: 6300: 6292: 6290:963-221-554-0 6286: 6282: 6275: 6266: 6265: 6257: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6232:Iskolakultúra 6226: 6219: 6211: 6209:9781793642172 6205: 6201: 6194: 6186: 6180: 6178: 6169: 6163: 6161: 6153: 6143: 6141:0-8047-5606-6 6137: 6133: 6126: 6124: 6115: 6109: 6105: 6098: 6092: 6091:0-521-57850-7 6088: 6084: 6078: 6076: 6067: 6060: 6058: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6039: 6034: 6027: 6026:0-415-16422-2 6023: 6019: 6013: 6011: 5995: 5990: 5984: 5969: 5964: 5958: 5943: 5938: 5932: 5917: 5912: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5892: 5888: 5886:0-8371-7540-2 5882: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5859: 5853: 5849: 5842: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5815: 5806: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5773: 5758: 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Tarlós 5116: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5102:Elvis Presley 5099: 5095: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4968:International 4965: 4962: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4948: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4909:Géza Losonczy 4906: 4905:György Lukács 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4889:Austrian Army 4886: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4841: 4832: 4830: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4810: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4777: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4750: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4711: 4707: 4699: 4698:Ruszkik haza! 4695: 4691: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4679: 4678:Kossuth Rádió 4673: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4649: 4640: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4617: 4613: 4611: 4608:and open-top 4607: 4603: 4600:tanks, 152mm 4599: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4541: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4498: 4497:Yuri Andropov 4472: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4380:Richard Nixon 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4335: 4332: 4327: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4312: 4304: 4301:Street 5, in 4300: 4295: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4237: 4233: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4173: 4164: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4127:Georgy Zhukov 4124: 4120: 4110: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4078: 4073: 4065: 4061: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4005: 3996: 3987: 3984: 3979: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3956: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3922: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3900: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3839: 3831: 3823: 3819: 3817: 3816:Georgy Zhukov 3813: 3802: 3798: 3795: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3771: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3742:and (public) 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3665: 3660: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3642: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3628: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 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2910:Mátyás Rákosi 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2874: 2869: 2867: 2862: 2860: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2823:Yugoslav Wars 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2777: 2776: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2711:Secret Speech 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2686:Marshall Plan 2684: 2683: 2675: 2674: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2484: 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1996: 1992: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1966:collaboration 1963: 1959: 1951: 1950:Mátyás Rákosi 1946: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1907:Mátyás Rákosi 1904: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1879:intellectuals 1876: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1779: 1774: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1743: 1742: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1658:Árpád dynasty 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1623: 1622: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1548: 1547: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1492: 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1069:Hunnic Empire 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1048:Early history 1045: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1014: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 990: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 959:Fascist Italy 956: 952: 948: 944: 929: 927: 922: 917: 915: 911: 906: 901: 897: 892: 887: 885: 880: 876: 872: 871:Mátyás Rákosi 868: 864: 860: 856: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 814: 807: 804: 801: 800: 798: 793:1,540 wounded 792: 789: 788: 786: 785: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 750: 746: 741: 736: 731: 727: 722: 712: 708: 704: 698: 688: 687: 682: 678: 672: 670:31,550 troops 669: 668: 666: 665: 660: 657: 646: 645:Demonstrators 636: 626: 624: 613: 603: 593: 583: 582: 577: 571: 561: 559: 549: 545: 539: 528: 525: 520: 510: 508: 498: 496: 486: 484: 483:Géza Losonczy 474: 471: 466: 456: 453: 448: 438: 435: 430: 429: 418: 417: 415: 410: 400: 398: 388: 386: 385: 374: 372: 362: 360: 350: 348: 338: 336: 335: 324: 322: 312: 310: 300: 298: 288: 286: 285:Georgy Zhukov 276: 274: 264: 262: 252: 250: 249:Yuri Andropov 240: 238: 237: 226: 225: 223: 222: 217: 213: 209: 203: 198: 193: 180: 170: 168: 156: 142: 140: 127: 126: 121: 111: 110: 109: 106: 103: 102: 98: 94: 91: 90: 62: 59: 58: 54: 50: 46: 40: 35: 32: 27: 22: 19: 17704:Eastern Bloc 17436:Architecture 17403:Prostitution 17334:Demographics 17298:Unemployment 17288:Trade unions 17123:Intelligence 17118:Human rights 17103:Constitution 16978:Coat of arms 16936:List of wars 16921:Christianity 16902: 16888:World War II 16823:Principality 16682: 16573: 16356:Soviet Union 16344:Eastern Bloc 16269:Brinkmanship 16161:intelligence 16050:Marius Oprea 16000:Harvey Klehr 15930:Herbert Feis 15920:Willem Drees 15885:Archie Brown 15802: 15790: 15772: 15762:Trybuna Ludu 15760: 15753: 15749:Radio Moscow 15741: 15734: 15727: 15555:Anti-Zionism 15471: 15394:Keynesianism 15382:Conservatism 15246:Transnistria 15226:China-Taiwan 14883:Gera Demands 14756: 14557: 14432: 14237:El Porteñazo 14131:Congo Crisis 14046: 14022: 13981:Algerian War 13964: 13840:Western Bloc 13835:Eastern Bloc 13830:Iron Curtain 13686: 13678: 13670: 13647: 13627: 13619: 13536:Soviet Union 13534: 13527: 13399: 13299:World War II 13132:Soviet Union 12890: 12790:World War II 12314:Smolensk War 12280:Livonian War 11856: 11848:Soviet Union 11697: 11682: 11674: 11665: 11656: 11616: 11603: 11590: 11562:marxists.org 11480: 11462: 11454: 11453:Nagy, Imre. 11447: 11438: 11424: 11414: 11400: 11378: 11370: 11353: 11343: 11336: 11326: 11322: 11315: 11305: 11294: 11287: 11286:Cox, Terry. 11280: 11255: 11247: 11224: 11199: 11183: 11165: 11146: 11125: 11114: 11096: 11077: 11069:the original 11053: 11033: 11014: 10991: 10967: 10942: 10920:25 September 10918:. 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Retrieved 5696: 5687: 5678: 5661: 5656: 5637: 5631: 5622: 5603: 5599: 5592: 5588: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5559: 5552:(in Russian) 5525: 5520: 5422: 5362: 5343: 5336: 5325: 5321: 5307: 5280: 5239: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5209:Albert Camus 5198: 5191: 5181: 5169:Pietro Nenni 5138: 5127: 5098:variety show 5091: 5087:Soviet Union 5060: 5051: 5046: 5036: 5035: 5028: 5024: 4997: 4975: 4971: 4954: 4949: 4937: 4929:Miklós Gimes 4922: 4893:Traiskirchen 4882: 4863: 4851: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4791:governments. 4774: 4771: 4751: 4747:Sándor Rónai 4727: 4715: 4713:democracy." 4703: 4697: 4685: 4674: 4645: 4628:8th District 4624:assault guns 4606:assault guns 4587:medium tanks 4567: 4537: 4506: 4493: 4468: 4458: 4443: 4429: 4427: 4410: 4408: 4397: 4357: 4328: 4308: 4281:, where the 4256: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4177: 4169: 4144: 4141: 4116: 4107: 4074: 4070: 4038: 4010: 3993: 3980: 3971: 3959: 3946:József Dudás 3927: 3911:Lajos Gyurkó 3903: 3895: 3859: 3857: 3844: 3808: 3799: 3794:Magyar Rádió 3791: 3776: 3761: 3732:Írószövetség 3731: 3721: 3693: 3673: 3524:People Power 3488: 3241:Disobedience 2984: 2975:Eastern Bloc 2968: 2954: 2948: 2932: 2926: 2914: 2887: 2657:to Hong Kong 2652:East Germany 2604:Tbilisi 1989 2589:Romania 1977 2557:Hungary 1956 2556: 2552:Georgia 1956 2388: 2381: 2280:East Germany 2107:Eastern Bloc 2064:depreciation 2041: 2028: 2017: 2015: 1987: 1970:Nazi Germany 1955: 1939:Eastern Bloc 1896: 1864: 1836:intimidation 1823: 1806:Zoltán Tildy 1787: 1708:Coat of arms 1693:Christianity 1688:List of Wars 1578: 1551:Contemporary 1534:World War II 1249:Ottoman Wars 1231:Early modern 1214:Ottoman Wars 991: 986: 955:Nazi Germany 940: 918: 888: 875:Magyar Rádió 852: 848:Soviet Union 835: 823: 821: 759:Petőfi Party 519:József Dudás 495:Zoltán Tildy 465:Miklós Gimes 426: 382: 359:László Piros 332: 234: 202:Supported by 201: 178: 139:Soviet Union 128: 123:Belligerents 107: 87:(main phase) 29:Part of the 18: 17552:Spa culture 17383:Irredentism 17221:Agriculture 17150:Nationality 16868:World War I 16671:Dissolution 16611:Martial law 16534:Revolts and 16508:Warsaw Pact 16095:Shen Zhihua 15905:Michael Cox 15837:competition 15784:Pro-Western 15774:Soviet Life 15700:Safari Club 15670:Warsaw Pact 15525:Nationalism 15515:Imperialism 15414:Reaganomics 15277:Containment 15070:Perestroika 14559:Realpolitik 14389:Six-Day War 14374:Greek junta 14185:Berlin Wall 14033:Suez Crisis 14001:Vietnam War 13888:McCarthyism 13703:Baruch Plan 13648:Unthinkable 13608:Dekemvriana 13547:Warsaw Pact 13405:Vietnam War 13275: [ 12896:Vietnam War 12766: [ 12625:World War I 12546:Crimean War 12479:Finnish War 12395:(1740–1748) 12384:(1733–1738) 12309:Ingrian War 12025:(including 11977:(1918-1920) 11957:(2003-2011) 11889:(1735-1739) 11883:(1716–1718) 11829:(1703-1711) 11802:(1918-1920) 11567:Hungary '56 10793:24 February 10620:(in French) 10524:29 February 10495:1700–1799: 10475:1634–1699: 10151:3 September 10083:3 September 9945:2 September 8993:2 September 8964:4 September 8858:2 September 8817:: 681–701. 8784:3 September 8755:3 September 8577:3 September 8444:Mao: A Life 8360:4 September 8284:(in Polish) 8060:|work= 7422:|work= 6661:2 September 6225:"Monograph" 5789:: 122–136. 5697:History.com 5213:open letter 5188:Peter Fryer 5094:Ed Sullivan 4961:Peter Gowan 4925:Pál Maléter 4913:László Rajk 4903:along with 4799:Warsaw Pact 4758:Dunaújváros 4743:István Dobi 4710:János Kádár 4682:István Bibó 4665:Dunaújváros 4563:East Berlin 4509:Pál Maléter 4372:Suez Crisis 4352:Netherlands 4283:reactionary 4271:János Kádár 4220:buffer zone 4207:. That the 4132:Suez Crisis 4041:Warsaw Pact 3983:Béla Király 3950:Pál Maléter 3890:János Kádár 3762:Nemzeti dal 3740:land reform 3728:Péter Veres 3586:Arab Spring 3184:Human chain 3174:Coup d'état 3083:Proletarian 2987:Polish Army 2743:Vietnam War 2733:Berlin Wall 2662:North Korea 2599:Brașov 1987 2567:Prague 1968 2530:Poznań 1956 2383:Warsaw Pact 2342:South Yemen 2320:North Korea 2233:Afghanistan 2153:Byelorussia 2011:László Rajk 1995:bourgeoisie 1925:" from the 1923:Trotskyists 1810:Ferenc Nagy 1424:World War I 1346:Late modern 1239:Reformation 1184:Golden Bull 1028:History of 951:Axis powers 941:During the 921:Soviet Army 914:Warsaw Pact 673:1,130 tanks 558:Béla Király 507:Béla Kovács 447:Pál Maléter 384:János Kádár 371:István Bata 17638:Categories 17567:Television 17532:Literature 17522:Inventions 17373:Hungarians 17363:Healthcare 17253:(currency) 17155:Parliament 16956:Holy Crown 16625:Conditions 16603:Solidarity 16536:opposition 15863:Historians 15854:Space Race 15755:Rudé právo 15709:Propaganda 15565:Neo-Nazism 15535:Chauvinism 15489:Trotskyism 15404:Monetarism 15372:Liberalism 15364:Capitalism 15356:Ideologies 15307:Ostpolitik 15030:Solidarity 14995:Toyota War 14898:Solidarity 14755:Operation 14710:Ogaden War 14399:Dhofar War 14287:Shifta War 14045:Operation 13893:Korean War 13685:Operation 13677:Operation 13669:Operation 13646:Operation 13626:Operation 13618:Operation 13440:Ogaden War 13390:Korean War 13309:Winter War 13178:Heimosodat 12931:Ogaden War 12881:Korean War 12800:Winter War 12669:Heimosodat 12256:Tsardom of 11850:and allies 11782:involving 11670:Tarantino. 10868:14 October 10207:13 October 9891:31 October 9786:10 October 9403:30 October 9162:B0007J7674 8663:7 December 8621:9 December 8350:"Overview" 8139:23 October 7875:20 October 7610:Narrator: 7604:8 February 7394:Narrator: 6870:23 October 6809:11 October 6799:B0007DOQP0 6453:23 October 5614:References 5600:revolution 5593:forradalom 5589:revolution 5339:Ilona Tóth 5250:Mao Zedong 5071:water polo 5056:Tony Blair 4543:Ivan Konev 4517:Ivan Serov 4465:Korean War 4450:Cord Meyer 4376:Suez Canal 4267:Josip Broz 4252:Liu Shaoqi 4244:Mao Zedong 4242:Moreover, 4136:Suez Canal 4082:30 October 3972:Szabad Nép 3967:Angyalföld 3882:Ivan Serov 3861:Szabad Nép 3754:; and all 3724:József Bem 3608:Euromaidan 3556:Bolivarian 3504:Nicaraguan 3484:Guatemalan 3422:Young Turk 3402:Philippine 3231:Nonviolent 3226:Resistance 3201:Insurgency 3111:Nonviolent 3106:From above 3078:Democratic 2753:Afghan War 2706:Korean War 2542:Plzeň 1953 2421:Opposition 2361:Yugoslavia 2315:Mozambique 2213:Uzbekistan 2198:Tajikistan 2168:Kazakhstan 2148:Azerbaijan 2007:show trial 1978:anti-Nazis 1713:Literature 1663:Holy Crown 1633:Hungarians 1613:since 2012 965:, and the 932:Background 840:revolution 790:722 killed 409:Antal Apró 273:Ivan Serov 261:Ivan Konev 83:1956-11-04 79:1956-10-23 71:1956-11-11 67:1956-06-23 17512:Festivals 17393:Languages 17339:Education 17293:Transport 17240:Companies 17172:President 17108:Elections 17062:Mountains 17034:Hydrology 16992:Geography 16684:Die Wende 16657:Economies 16498:Cominform 16481:(to 1948) 16443:(to 1961) 16371:Formation 16361:Communism 16150:Ken Young 15995:Tony Judt 15844:Arms race 15817:Red Scare 15685:NN States 15630:Apartheid 15585:Autocracy 15494:Stalinism 15462:Guevarism 15452:Castroism 15442:Communism 15434:Socialism 14960:Star Wars 14553:Koza riot 13679:Beleaguer 13671:Masterdom 13139:1922–1991 12551:Åland War 12519:Murid War 12358:18th–19th 11925:(1918-19) 11919:(1848-49) 10973:169 pages 10842:8 October 10734:881183403 10662:881183403 10550:5 January 9855:5 January 9824:9 October 8831:158225194 8815:Routledge 8501:, p. 297. 8179:(1958) . 8062:ignored ( 8052:cite book 8042:6 October 8022:, p. 296. 7594:"1956-44" 7424:ignored ( 7414:cite book 6763:7 October 6585:8 October 6505:27 August 6246:9 October 5831:18 August 5805:2471-965X 5762:5 January 5275:Imre Nagy 5211:wrote an 5008:Sri Lanka 5004:Australia 4901:Imre Nagy 4885:Red Cross 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