1228:“We Szekelys have a right to be proud, for in our veins flows the blood of many brave races who fought as the lion fights, for lordship. Here, in the whirlpool of European races, the Ugric tribe bore down from Iceland the fighting spirit which Thor and Wodin gave them, which their Berserkers displayed to such fell intent on the seaboards of Europe, ay, and of Asia and Africa too, till the peoples thought that the were-wolves themselves had come. Is it a wonder that we were a conquering race; that we were proud; that when the Magyar, the Lombard, the Avar, the Bulgar, or the Turk poured his thousands on our frontiers, we drove them back? Is it strange that when Arpad and his legions swept through the Hungarian fatherland he found us here when he reached the frontier; that the Honfoglalas was completed there? And when the Hungarian flood swept eastward, the Szekelys were claimed as kindred by the victorious Magyars, and to us for centuries was trusted the guarding of the frontier of Turkey-land; ay, and more than that, endless duty of the frontier guard, for, as the Turks say, ‘water sleeps, and enemy is sleepless.’ The Szekelys—and the Dracula as their heart’s blood, their brains, and their swords—can boast a record that mushroom growths like the Hapsburgs and the Romanoffs can never reach.”
637:
harassed in Attila's life, and they marched to
Transylvania, the frontier of the Pannonian landscape, and they did not call themselves Huns or Hungarians, but Siculus, in their own word Székelys, so that they would not know that they are the remnants of the Huns or Hungarians. In our time, no one doubts, that the Székelys are the remnants of the Huns who first came to Pannonia, and because their people do not seem to have been mixed with foreign blood since then, they are also more strict in their morals, they also differ from other Hungarians in the division of lands. They have not yet forgotten the Scythian letters, and these are not inked on paper, but engraved on sticks skillfully, in the way of the carving. They later grew into not insignificant people, and when the Hungarians came to Pannonia again from Scythia, they went to Ruthenia in front of them with great joy, as soon as the news of their coming came to them. When the Hungarians took possession of Pannonia again, at the division of the country, with the consent of the Hungarians, these Székelys were given the part of the country that they had already chosen as their place of residence.
1182:
1348:
1318:
1443:
1417:
1751:
1253:
1390:
1086:
1244:
129:
656:
990:. It has boldly been noted that this is an upper limit by deep SNPs and that the main haplogroups responsible for that contribution are J2-M172 (negative M47, M67, L24, M12), J2-L24, R1a-Z93, Q-M242 and E-M78, the last of which is typically European, while N is still negligible (1.7%). In an attempt to divide N into subgroups L1034 and L708, some Hungarian, Sekler, and Uzbek samples were found to be L1034 SNP positive, while all Mongolians,
1402:
1126:
1110:
1098:
1378:
60:
749:
analysis, studying non-European admixture in
Europeans, found 4.4% of admixture of East Asian/Central Asian among Hungarians, which was the strongest among sampled populations. It was found at 3.6% in Belarusians, 2.5% in Romanians, 2.3% in Bulgarians and Lithuanians, 1.9% in Poles and 0% in Greeks.
616:
They were afraid of the western nations that they would suddenly attack them, so they went to
Transylvania and did not call themselves Hungarians, but Székelys. The western clan hated the Huns in Attila's life. The Székelys are thus the remnants of the Huns, who remained in the mentioned field until
579:
They, having set forth from the island, riding through the sand and flow of the Tisza, crossed at the harbour of Beuldu, and, riding on, they encamped beside the Kórógy river, and all the Székelys, who were previously the peoples of King Attila, having heard of Usubuu’s fame, came to make peace and
1010:
The Székely live mainly in
Harghita, Covasna and Mureș counties. They identify themselves as Hungarians, but they maintain a somewhat distinct ethnic identity from other Hungarians. Hungarians form a majority of the population in the counties of Covasna and Harghita. They were estimated to number
636:
It is said that in addition to the Huns who escorted Csaba, from the same nation, three thousand more people retreating, cut themselves out of the said battle, remained in
Pannonia, and first established themself in a camp called Csigla's Field. They were afraid of the Western nations which they
2220:
CIs. for the admixture time(s) overlap but predate the Mongol empire, with estimates from 440 to 1080 CE. In each population, one source group has at least some ancestry related to
Northeast Asians, with ~2 to 4% of these groups total ancestry linking directly to East Asia. This signal might
693:
According to a new model, the Székelys are the descendants of those "wanderers" who ran away from the feudal state and the landlord system mostly during the 11th and 12th centuries. These parasocial groups settled in border regions and hard-to-reach places (forests, swamps) down where the
671:, like other Hungarians, transplanted in the Middle Ages to guard the frontiers. Researchers could not prove that Székelys spoke a different language. In this case, their strong cultural differences from other Hungarians stem from centuries of relative isolation in the mountains.
580:
of their own will gave their sons as hostages along with divers gifts and they undertook to fight in the vanguard of Usubuu’s army, and they forthwith sent the sons of the Székelys to Duke Árpád, and, together with the Székelys before them, began to ride against
Menumorout.
540:
The people of Székelys were in general regarded as the most
Hungarian of Hungarians. In 1558, a Hungarian poet, Mihály Vilmányi Libécz voiced this opinion, instructing the reader in his poem that if they had doubts about the correctness of the Hungarian language:
1347:
1317:
2125:, In: Panayote Dimitras (editor), Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe — Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE) Minorities in Southeast Europe, Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center, 2001, p. 5
1291:
in the 11th century, the importance of these icons became purely visual and symbolic. The Székelys have succeeded in preserving traditions to an extent unusual even in
Central and Eastern Europe. A description of the
596:
These Székelys were the remains of the Huns, who when they learned that the
Hungarians had returned to Pannonia for the second time, went to the returnees on the border of Ruthenia and conquered Pannonia
1141:
regime in 1968, some of the Székely have pressed for their autonomy to be restored. Several proposals have been discussed within the Székely Hungarian community and by the Romanian majority. One of the
1756:
1754:
2520:
421:, making up 19.6% of the population of this region. Of these, 609,033 live in the counties of Harghita, Covasna, and Mureș, which taken together have a Hungarian majority (58%). The Hungarians in
750:
The authors stated "This signal might correspond to a small genetic legacy from invasions of peoples from the Asian steppes (e.g., the Huns, Magyars, and Bulgars) during the first millennium."
2236:
Csányi B, Bogácsi-Szabó E, Tömöry G, Czibula Á, et al. (July 2008). "Y-Chromosome Analysis of Ancient Hungarian and Two Modern Hungarian-Speaking Populations from the Carpathian Basin".
1196:, wrote many novels about the Székely which set universal stories of love and self-individuation against the backdrop of Székely village culture. Other Székely writers include the folklorist
694:
institutional vacuum allowed them to found independent communities. The Hungarian kings reintegrated these groups into the kingdom's society from the beginning of the 12th century. The
567:
and believed they played a special role in shaping Hungary. Ancient legends recount that a contingent of Huns remained in Transylvania, later allying with the main Hungarian army that
733:. Toponyms at the Székely settlement area also give proof of their Hungarian mother tongue. The Székely dialect does not have more Bulgaro-Turkish loan-words derived from before the
2565:
617:
the return of the other Hungarians. So when they knew that the Hungarians would return to Pannonia again, they hurried to Ruthenia to them, conquering the land of Pannonia together.
986:
A study estimating possible Inner Asian admixture among nearly 500 Hungarians based on paternal lineages only, estimated it at 5.1% in Hungary, at 7.4% in Székelys and at 6.3% at
559:
The origin of the Székelys has been much debated. It is now generally accepted that they are descendants of Hungarians. The Székelys have historically claimed descent from
1876:
2221:
correspond to a small genetic legacy from invasions of peoples from the Asian steppes (e.g., the Huns, Avesta, Magyars, and Bulgars) during the first millennium CE.
2524:
2828:
2859:
1649:, p. 66, Cited: "A few tens of years ago the Szekler population was estimated at more than 800.000, but now they are probably ca. 500.000 in number."
1416:
394:
Romania, where the Székelys form roughly half of the ethnic Hungarian population, members of the group have been among the most vocal of Hungarians
1442:
2449:
3420:
737:
than standard Hungarian does. Even if the Székelys had been a Turkic stock they had to have lost their original vernacular at a very early date.
493:
burghers). These three groups ruled Transylvania from 1438 onward, usually in harmony though sometimes in conflict with one another. During the
81:
3490:
398:
in Transylvania. They were estimated to number about 860,000 in the 1970s and are officially recognized as a distinct minority group by the
3233:
2569:
1137:
in 1952, it was renamed the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region in 1960. Ever since the abolition of the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region by the
2796:
2498:
1284:
734:
568:
538:"Hungarians and Székelys share the same language, with the difference that the Székelys have their own words specific to their nation."
663:
After the theory of Hunnic descent lost scholarly currency in the 20th century, two substantial ideas emerged about Székely ancestry:
414:
2547:
3895:
3924:
3410:
3400:
1674:
Judit Tóth and Endre Sík, "Joining and EU: integration of Hungary or the Hungarians?" In: Willfried Spohn, Anna Triandafyllidou,
1873:
2852:
2832:
1401:
2742:
2716:
2675:
2624:
2428:
2028:
1800:
1739:
382:. It was superseded in 1960 by the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region, itself divided in 1968 into two non-autonomous counties,
3202:* = Subgroups of officially recognized ethnicities that are not treated by the Romanian authorities as separate minorities.
998:, Finnish, and Roma samples showed a negative result for this marker. The 2,500-year-old SNP L1034 was found typical for
575:
also claimed that the Székely people descended from Huns who lived in mountainous lands prior to the Hungarian conquest.
1677:
Europeanisation, National Identities and Migration: Changes in Boundary Constructions between Western and Eastern Europe
543:"Consult without fail the language of the ancient Székelys, for they are the guardians of the purest Hungarian tongue"
3929:
3483:
2845:
2804:
2597:
1705:
105:
3364:
3226:
2889:
1276:
230:
1459:
450:
413:, and central and eastern Mureș where they currently make up roughly 80% of the population. Based on the official
3276:
1147:
1076:, today settled mostly in Vojvodina and southern Hungary, form a culturally separate group with its own history.
1773:
1265:
1143:
2977:
1652:
1489:
437:, the overwhelming majority of the Székelys chose the latter – only 532 persons declared themselves as ethnic
1896:
1426:
1302:
1169:, of three Székelys who tried to achieve national self-determination. Since 2015, the Székelys also have the
359:
2809:
Ioan Aurel Pop, "The Ethno-Confessional Structure of Medieval Transylvania and Hungary". Cluj Napoca, 1994 (
3476:
607:
3900:
1789:
Whose Democracy?: Nationalism, Religion, and the Doctrine of Collective Rights in Post-1989 Eastern Europe
1283:. The Sun and the Moon, the symbols of the cosmic world, are known from Hungarian grave findings from the
395:
3219:
1956:
Hungari et Siculi eadem lingua utuntur, nisi quod Siculi quaendam peculiaria gentis suae habeant vocabula
1085:
46:
2446:
1731:
1389:
723:
226:
221:
2141:
A népvándorláskor kutatóinak XXIX. Konferenciája (29th Conference of scholars on the Migration Period)
1828:
1407:
2657:
1361:
1331:
1181:
554:
3712:
3457:
2903:
2868:
1509:
1494:
1269:
1134:
521:
379:
335:
2638:. Boulder, CO; Highland Lakes, NJ: Social Science Monographs; Atlantic Research and Publications.
2215:
2206:
Garrett Hellenthal; et al. (14 February 2014). "A Genetic Atlas of Human Admixture History".
1499:
471:
of Transylvania held the office themselves. The Székelys were considered a distinct ethnic group (
456:
363:
3436:
3188:
2372:
Fehér, T.; Németh, E.; Vándor, A.; Kornienko, I. V.; Csáji, L. K.; Pamjav, H. (1 February 2015).
2279:
Semino O, Passarino G, Oefner PJ, Lin AA, et al. (2000). "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic
1792:
1578:
1280:
68:
17:
3337:
3325:
2122:
1504:
1422:
1357:
1327:
1261:
1170:
1073:
718:
as early as the fifth century, and found historical evidence that the Székelys were part of the
304:
133:
3344:
3114:
3097:
3007:
2136:
1646:
2018:
1691:
1662:
1205:
1158:
3508:
3452:
3359:
3312:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3282:
3272:
3038:
3030:
2959:
2909:
2897:
1851:
1697:
1693:
Protestantism and politics in eastern Europe and Russia: the communist and postcommunist eras
1618:
1528:
532 of them declared themselves as Székely rather than Hungarian at the 2011 Romanian census.
1011:
about 860,000 in the 1970s and are officially recognized as a distinct minority group by the
929:
It can be inferred that Szekelys have more significant German admixture. A study sampling 45
754:
426:
399:
2833:
http://www2.sci.u-szeged.hu/fokozatok/PDF/Kovacsne_Csanyi_Bernadett/PhDertekezes_CsanyiB.pdf
2614:
1725:
86:
3431:
3385:
3380:
3354:
3332:
3307:
3292:
3122:
3013:
3001:
2292:
1823:
1469:
1109:
1097:
715:
486:
482:
272:
3934:
3643:
2593:
Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History
2045:
1377:
1201:
1157:
In 2013 and 2014, thousands of ethnic Hungarians marched for autonomy on 10 March (on the
1138:
463:), initially a royal appointee from the non-Székely Hungarian nobility who was de facto a
8:
3415:
3395:
3390:
3349:
3170:
2983:
1746:
Székely, a Hungarian sub-group that is concentrated in the mountainous Hungarian enclave.
1012:
647:
642:
477:
2790:
2476:
2296:
1484:
3405:
3242:
3140:
2953:
2915:
2261:
1537:
1165:, Romania. 10 March is the anniversary of the execution in Târgu Mureș in 1854, by the
730:
375:
267:
209:
2156:"An Alternative Proposal Explaining the Origin of the Word and Social Group 'Székely'"
1989:
429:. When given the choice on the 2011 Romanian census between ethnically identifying as
3856:
3424:
3056:
3019:
2995:
2971:
2965:
2933:
2748:
2738:
2722:
2712:
2681:
2671:
2647:
2639:
2620:
2424:
2401:
2393:
2347:
2327:
2308:
2253:
2249:
2024:
1796:
1735:
1701:
1545:
1297:
498:
343:
3468:
2374:"Y-SNP L1034: limited genetic link between Mansi and Hungarian-speaking populations"
2265:
506:
485:, the other two "nations" being the (also predominantly Hungarian) nobility and the
3500:
3176:
3128:
2989:
2947:
2921:
2385:
2339:
2300:
2245:
2167:
1941:
1846:
1569:
1193:
1189:
1162:
627:
587:
494:
3673:
3658:
2823:
2325:
2304:
603:
572:
3874:
3256:
3134:
2591:
2453:
2343:
2092:
1880:
1675:
1589:
1553:
1166:
1133:
An autonomous Székely region existed between 1952 and 1968. First created as the
1032:
719:
675:
529:
490:
383:
355:
160:
3635:
2616:
Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe
2566:"The symbols of Szekler National Council | SZNC - Szekler National Council"
1479:
1293:
1058:
422:
406:
387:
351:
288:
168:
3621:
3578:
2937:
1561:
1252:
1080:
Ethnic map of Harghita, Covasna and Mureș showing areas with Hungarian majority
1045:
560:
525:
410:
367:
339:
312:
296:
188:
172:
164:
74:
3648:
2770:
2694:
2389:
1918:
3918:
3879:
3864:
3551:
3158:
3146:
3080:
2685:
2665:
2656:
Co-published with the Hungarian Research Institute of Canada. Distributed by
2651:
2397:
1712:...the Szekler community, now regarded as a subgroup of the Hungarian people.
1224:, Count Dracula is a Székely. In the beginning of the novel, Dracula asserts:
995:
362:, the former counties with the highest concentration of Székely population –
2752:
2726:
2373:
2172:
2078:
2065:
3869:
3836:
3818:
3776:
3561:
3546:
3321:
3050:
2837:
2548:""Brussels should pay attention to the Szeklers" – Day of Szekler Autonomy"
2405:
2351:
2312:
2257:
1969:
1365:
1335:
1197:
999:
687:
622:
510:
418:
347:
308:
246:
184:
3663:
3653:
3103:
2326:
András Bíró; Tibor Fehér; Gusztáv Bárány; Horolma Pamjav (November 2014).
3701:
3693:
3556:
2328:"Testing Central and Inner Asian admixture among contemporary Hungarians"
1217:
517:
371:
331:
250:
3683:
3678:
1886: – recensamant 2002 --> rezultate --> 4. Populatia Dupa Etnie
1154:. A major peaceful demonstration was held in 2006 in favor of autonomy.
3828:
3805:
3781:
3164:
3068:
1464:
1288:
1243:
417:, 1,227,623 ethnic Hungarians live in Romania, mostly in the region of
284:
242:
128:
1275:
The Sun and Moon are the symbols of the Székelys, and are used in the
655:
3846:
3793:
3756:
3748:
3586:
3573:
3568:
3524:
3517:
3211:
3152:
2880:
2155:
1151:
746:
502:
354:) became part of Romania, and the Székely population was a target of
320:
196:
41:"Secui" redirects here. For the village in Dolj County, Romania, see
2462:
1125:
695:
3884:
3768:
3722:
3603:
3592:
3182:
3074:
2927:
1727:
Ethnic Struggle, Coexistence, and Democratization in Eastern Europe
1430:
699:
464:
391:
300:
176:
3534:
2643:
930:
3788:
3740:
3732:
3597:
3044:
1474:
1434:
1369:
1339:
1221:
991:
987:
703:
668:
468:
316:
292:
180:
156:
2235:
3889:
3813:
3727:
3668:
2941:
2789:
1185:
Demonstration for the Autonomy of Székely Land – 2013, Budapest
714:
Some historians have dated the Székely presence in the Eastern
707:
683:
481:("Union of Three Nations"), a coalition of three Transylvanian
324:
192:
31:
3541:
3529:
2447:
României îi este aplicabil modelul de autonomie al Cataloniei
1353:
1323:
679:
42:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
1787:
Ramet, Sabrina P. (1997). "The Hungarians of Transylvania".
3613:
2664:
Makkai, László; Mócsy, András; Szász, Zoltán, eds. (2001).
1272:, one of the main political organizations of the Székelys.
757:), the following haplogroups and frequencies are obtained:
564:
342:
in their posture as guards of the eastern border. With the
2371:
409:
roughly corresponds to the Romanian counties of Harghita,
2771:
Transylvania in the medieval Hungarian kingdom (896–1526)
2180:
726:, but this does not mean that they were ethnically Avar.
455:
The Székely territories came under the leadership of the
2278:
1296:
and its traditions was written between 1859 and 1868 by
2670:. Vol. 1. Boulder, CO: Social Science Monographs.
667:
Some scholars suggested that the Székelys were simply
571:
in the 9th century. The thirteenth-century chronicler
3498:
2121:
Cathy O'Grady, Zoltán Kántor and Daniela Tarnovschi,
1583:
846:
The 97 Székelys belong to the following haplogroups:
2139:[Solution of the szekely origin question)].
2458:
The Catalan autonomy model is applicable in Romania
1948:
Image of Transylvania in late medieval descriptions
520:, the Székelys played a role in the defense of the
334:, the Székelys played a role in the defense of the
2805:"Minority Cultures: The Szeklers Tortured History"
2800:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 320.
2423:. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 77.
2283:in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective".
2205:
1998:
1002:and Hungarians, the closest linguistic relatives.
528:in their posture as guards of the eastern border.
2695:The Three Feudal 'Nations' and the Ottoman Threat
1774:"székely határőrvidék – Magyar Katolikus Lexikon"
3916:
2811:Bulletin of the Center for Transylvanian Studies
2774:
2698:
2663:
2619:. Armonk, NY and London, England: M. E. Sharpe.
1448:Székely monument and gates in Vértó Park, Szeged
2050:of Anonymus, The Anonymous Notary of King Béla"
303:, a significant population descending from the
3100:(approximately 10,000 in the mid-19th century)
1645:, Volume 20, Mouton, 2002, original from: the
497:, the Székelys formed an alliance with Prince
425:, therefore, account for half (49.41%) of the
3484:
3227:
2853:
2477:"HUNSOR ~ Hungarian Swedish Online Resources"
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
753:Among 100 Hungarian men (90 of them from the
2867:
2093:"Thuróczy János: Magyarok krónikája (1488)"
2067:Simon of Kéza: Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum
1841:
1839:
1173:, celebrated every last Sunday of October.
933:from Budapest and northern Hungary, found:
3491:
3477:
3234:
3220:
2860:
2846:
2418:
1809:
1723:
1613:
1611:
1360:near at the peak of the Madarasi-Hargita (
1330:near at the peak of the Madarasi-Hargita (
735:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
295:. In addition to their native villages in
127:
2612:
2231:
2229:
2171:
2023:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 170.
1939:
1897:"CESCH- Recensamant Populatie 2011 CV Hr"
1760:
1658:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
2332:Forensic Science International: Genetics
2166:(1). Eötvös Loránd University: 192–216.
1987:
1836:
1364:), the holy mountain of the Székelys in
1334:), the holy mountain of the Székelys in
1180:
1124:
659:Székely people in the Kingdom of Hungary
654:
2768:
2134:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
1608:
729:Research indicates that Székelys spoke
14:
3917:
3241:
2692:
2226:
2193:
2135:Aydemir, Hakan (15–16 November 2019).
2004:
3472:
3215:
2841:
2153:
2016:
1786:
1689:
1211:
1192:, a 20th-century Székely writer from
266:
2545:
2160:Historical Studies on Central Europe
2106:
2043:
1410:is part of the UNESCO World Heritage
467:; from the 15th century onward, the
396:seeking an autonomous Székely region
151:Regions with significant populations
53:
3123:Citizens of the Republic of Moldova
1981:
1961:
1943:Késő középkori leírások Erdély-képe
1268:of the Székelys as approved by the
722:confederation during the so-called
24:
2762:
2137:"A székely eredetkérdés megoldása"
1967:
1874:Romanian Population census of 2011
674:Others suggested Turkic origin as
25:
3946:
2782:
2598:Central European University Press
710:offer an analogy for the process.
378:– were legally designated as the
2890:Officially recognised minorities
2813:, vol. III, number 4, July 1994)
2775:Makkai, Mócsy & Szász (2001)
2699:Makkai, Mócsy & Szász (2001)
2634:Köpeczi, Béla, ed. (2001–2002).
2546:Szoó, Attila (26 October 2020).
2250:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00440.x
1680:, Psychology Press, 2012, p. 228
1441:
1415:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1346:
1316:
1309:
1285:period of the Hungarian conquest
1251:
1242:
1108:
1096:
1084:
58:
2584:
2558:
2539:
2513:
2491:
2469:
2437:
2412:
2378:Molecular Genetics and Genomics
2365:
2319:
2272:
2199:
2147:
2128:
2085:
2072:
2059:
2037:
2010:
1933:
1911:
1889:
1867:
1780:
1766:
1303:Description of the Székely Land
1005:
509:, recently appointed Prince of
279:), also referred to as
3925:Hungarian minorities in Europe
2080:Mark of Kalt: Chronicon Pictum
1919:"The Székelys in Transylvania"
1717:
1683:
1668:
1636:
1531:
1522:
1287:. After the Hungarians became
1281:Romanian national coat of arms
569:conquered the Carpathian Basin
287:subgroup living mostly in the
13:
1:
2419:Stroschein, Sherrill (2012).
2305:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155
2044:Rady, Martyn (18 July 2015).
1724:Stroschein, Sherrill (2012).
1602:
1460:History of the Székely people
1427:Hungarian Parliament Building
1176:
1146:is based on the model of the
585:Anonymus notary of Béla III,
451:History of the Székely people
358:efforts. In 1952, during the
27:Hungarian subgroup in Romania
2344:10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.11.007
1277:coat of arms of Transylvania
1148:Spanish autonomous community
1144:Székely autonomy initiatives
1129:Székely pottery (stove tile)
608:Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum
171:as well as some villages in
7:
2667:From the Beginnings to 1606
2523:. Hunsor.se. Archived from
1899:. Scribd.com. 27 March 2012
1584:
1490:List of Székely settlements
1453:
1120:
740:
10:
3951:
2824:Székely history until 1848
2606:
1732:Cambridge University Press
1690:Ramet, Sabrina P. (1992).
1235:
552:
548:
448:
444:
40:
29:
3855:
3827:
3804:
3767:
3692:
3634:
3507:
3445:
3373:
3265:
3249:
3198:
3113:
3090:
3031:Non-recognized minorities
3029:
2888:
2875:
2769:Makkai, László (2001x). "
2658:Columbia University Press
2613:Eberhardt, Piotr (2003).
2568:. Sznt.ro. Archived from
2521:"All Hungary Media Group"
2390:10.1007/s00438-014-0925-2
2176:– via Academia.edu.
2143:(in Hungarian). Budapest.
1940:Csukovits, Enikő (2005).
1573:
475:) and formed part of the
360:communist rule of Romania
319:and certain districts of
276:
241:
236:
220:
215:
208:
203:
155:
150:
145:
140:
126:
3930:Ethnic groups in Romania
3091:Historical ethnic groups
3053:* (self-declared, 1,536)
3047:* (self-declared, 3,890)
2869:Ethnic groups in Romania
2238:Annals of Human Genetics
1988:Szigethy, Gábor (2003).
1793:Rowman & Littlefield
1515:
1495:Szekler National Council
1270:Szekler National Council
1135:Magyar Autonomous Region
380:Magyar Autonomous Region
47:Székely (disambiguation)
30:Not to be confused with
2797:Encyclopædia Britannica
2636:History of Transylvania
2421:The Realm of St Stephen
2173:10.47074/HSCE.2024-1.11
1829:Encyclopædia Britannica
1408:Dârjiu fortified church
1027:% of county population
3318:Transylvanian Székelys
3071:* (self-declared, 207)
3065:* (self-declared, 532)
2737:. Vol. 3. 2002c.
2711:. Vol. 2. 2002b.
2100:thuroczykronika.atw.hu
1647:University of Michigan
1593:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1230:
1186:
1130:
1115:based on the 2011 data
1103:based on the 2002 data
1091:based on the 1992 data
660:
653:
633:
613:
593:
555:Origin of the Székelys
67:This article includes
45:. For other uses, see
2154:Keszi, Tamás (2024).
2123:Hungarians of Romania
2017:Brook, Kevin (2006).
1991:Oláh Miklós: Hungária
1852:Columbia Encyclopedia
1698:Duke University Press
1500:Count of the Székelys
1226:
1184:
1128:
755:Great Hungarian Plain
658:
634:
614:
594:
577:
457:Count of the Székelys
427:Hungarians in Romania
237:Related ethnic groups
2281:Homo sapiens sapiens
1879:17 July 2013 at the
1643:Archivum Ottomanicum
1505:Székelys of Bukovina
1470:Old Hungarian script
1395:Another Székely gate
1171:Székely Autonomy Day
1167:Austrian authorities
1074:Székelys of Bukovina
716:Carpathian Mountains
686:ancestries, or even
505:against the army of
415:2011 Romanian census
305:Székelys of Bukovina
146:est. 500,000–700,000
134:Flag of the Székelys
3338:Bukovinian Székelys
3326:Bukovinian Székelys
2572:on 28 December 2008
2452:28 May 2006 at the
2297:2000Sci...290.1155S
2291:(5494): 1155–1159.
2196:, pp. 415–416.
1619:"Nota metodologica"
1510:Ugron de Ábránfalva
1159:Székely Freedom Day
1013:Romanian government
648:Chronica Hungarorum
532:stated in the book
478:Unio Trium Nationum
400:Romanian government
307:currently lives in
123:
3243:Hungarian diaspora
1971:Hungaria et Athila
1968:Olahus, Nicolaus.
1795:. pp. 67–69.
1212:In popular culture
1187:
1131:
661:
534:Hungaria et Athila
522:Kingdom of Hungary
336:Kingdom of Hungary
227:Hungarian Reformed
121:
75:properly formatted
3912:
3911:
3713:Northwestern Mari
3499:Peoples speaking
3466:
3465:
3428:
3341:
3329:
3209:
3208:
3057:Megleno-Romanians
2744:978-0-88033-497-6
2735:From 1830 to 1919
2718:978-0-88033-491-4
2709:From 1606 to 1830
2693:Makkai, László. "
2677:978-0-88033-479-2
2626:978-0-7656-0665-5
2590:András Róna-Tas,
2430:978-1-107-00524-2
2030:978-1-4422-0302-0
1802:978-0-8476-8324-6
1741:978-1-107-00524-2
1582:
1070:
1069:
984:
983:
927:
926:
844:
843:
643:Johannes Thuróczy
499:Michael the Brave
344:Treaty of Trianon
268:[ˈseːkɛj]
256:
255:
116:
115:
108:
16:(Redirected from
3942:
3904:
3501:Uralic languages
3493:
3486:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3418:
3335:
3315:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3115:Immigrant groups
2862:
2855:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2801:
2793:
2791:"Szeklers"
2778:
2756:
2730:
2702:
2689:
2655:
2630:
2601:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2552:Transylvania Now
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2527:on 14 March 2014
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2473:
2467:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2048:Gesta Hungarorum
2041:
2035:
2034:
2020:Jews of Khazaria
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1954:(in Hungarian).
1953:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1824:"Szekler people"
1820:
1807:
1806:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1761:Eberhardt (2003)
1758:
1749:
1748:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1687:
1681:
1672:
1666:
1659:Eberhardt (2003)
1656:
1650:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1623:
1615:
1596:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1485:List of Székelys
1465:Hungarian people
1445:
1419:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1362:Harghita-Mădăraș
1350:
1332:Harghita-Mădăraș
1320:
1255:
1246:
1194:Lupeni, Harghita
1112:
1100:
1088:
1018:
1017:
936:
935:
849:
848:
760:
759:
651:
631:
628:Chronicon Pictum
611:
591:
588:Gesta Hungarorum
495:Long Turkish War
278:
270:
265:
141:Total population
131:
124:
120:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
84:this article by
69:inline citations
62:
61:
54:
21:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3898:
3851:
3823:
3800:
3763:
3688:
3630:
3503:
3497:
3467:
3462:
3441:
3369:
3261:
3245:
3240:
3210:
3205:
3194:
3109:
3086:
3025:
2884:
2871:
2866:
2788:
2785:
2765:
2763:Further reading
2745:
2733:
2719:
2707:
2678:
2633:
2627:
2609:
2604:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2454:Wayback Machine
2443:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2417:
2413:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2324:
2320:
2277:
2273:
2234:
2227:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2181:
2152:
2148:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2107:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2073:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1994:(in Hungarian).
1986:
1982:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1951:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1881:Wayback Machine
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1822:
1821:
1810:
1803:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1752:
1742:
1734:. p. 210.
1722:
1718:
1708:
1700:. p. 160.
1696:. Vol. 3.
1688:
1684:
1673:
1669:
1657:
1653:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1437:
1420:
1411:
1405:
1396:
1393:
1384:
1381:
1372:
1351:
1342:
1321:
1312:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1232:
1214:
1200:, the novelist
1179:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1104:
1101:
1092:
1089:
1008:
743:
652:
641:
632:
621:
612:
601:
592:
584:
557:
551:
530:Nicolaus Olahus
461:Comes Siculorum
453:
447:
356:Romanianization
350:(including the
263:
225:
136:
119:
112:
101:
95:
92:
87:correcting them
85:
79:
63:
59:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3948:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3893:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3861:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3773:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3710:
3707:
3698:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3622:Volkhov Chudes
3610:
3609:
3608:
3595:
3590:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3579:Tver Karelians
3571:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3522:
3513:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3365:United Kingdom
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3330:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3104:Dobrujan Arabs
3101:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2938:Crimean Tatars
2936:(divided into
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2876:Dominant group
2873:
2872:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2802:
2784:
2783:External links
2781:
2780:
2779:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2743:
2731:
2717:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2676:
2631:
2625:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2600:, 1999, p. 366
2583:
2557:
2538:
2512:
2490:
2468:
2436:
2429:
2411:
2384:(1): 377–386.
2364:
2318:
2271:
2244:(4): 519–534.
2225:
2198:
2179:
2146:
2127:
2105:
2084:
2071:
2058:
2036:
2029:
2009:
1997:
1980:
1960:
1932:
1910:
1888:
1866:
1835:
1808:
1801:
1779:
1765:
1750:
1740:
1716:
1706:
1682:
1667:
1651:
1635:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1530:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1421:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1387:
1385:
1383:A Székely gate
1382:
1375:
1373:
1356:statue with a
1352:
1345:
1343:
1326:statue with a
1322:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1213:
1210:
1206:Sándor Kányádi
1178:
1175:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1007:
1004:
982:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
959:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
925:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
887:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
842:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
801:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
742:
739:
712:
711:
706:and Hungarian
691:
672:
639:
619:
599:
582:
553:Main article:
550:
547:
507:Andrew Báthory
473:natio Siculica
449:Main article:
446:
443:
297:Suceava County
254:
253:
239:
238:
234:
233:
222:Roman Catholic
218:
217:
213:
212:
206:
205:
201:
200:
173:Suceava County
153:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
138:
137:
132:
117:
114:
113:
66:
64:
57:
34:, also called
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3947:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3902:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3674:Southern Sámi
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:Northern Sámi
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:Ingrian Finns
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3416:United States
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3106:(145 in 1850)
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3059:(1,200–2,000)
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2500:
2499:"Global post"
2494:
2478:
2472:
2466:, 27 May 2006
2465:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:(in Romanian)
2440:
2432:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2214:(6172): 751 (
2213:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2194:Makkai (2001)
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2062:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2006:
2005:Makkai (2001)
2001:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1921:. Mek.niif.hu
1920:
1914:
1898:
1892:
1884:(in Romanian)
1882:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1775:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1713:
1709:
1707:9780822312413
1703:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1679:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1310:Image gallery
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1204:and the poet
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
960:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
937:
934:
932:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
888:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
850:
847:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
802:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
761:
758:
756:
751:
748:
738:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
689:
685:
684:Esegel-Bulgar
681:
677:
673:
670:
666:
665:
664:
657:
650:
649:
644:
638:
630:
629:
624:
618:
610:
609:
605:
604:Simon of Kéza
598:
590:
589:
581:
576:
574:
573:Simon of Kéza
570:
566:
562:
556:
546:
544:
539:
536:in 1536 that
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:ethnic German
488:
484:
480:
479:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
452:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
274:
273:Székely runes
269:
261:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
232:
228:
223:
219:
214:
211:
207:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
144:
139:
135:
130:
125:
110:
107:
99:
88:
83:
78:
76:
73:they are not
70:
65:
56:
55:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
3841:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3717:Eastern Mari
3620:
3612:
3602:
3585:
3562:Tornedalians
3547:Forest Finns
3516:
3509:Baltic Finns
3317:
3189:Bangladeshis
3062:
2883:(16,792,868)
2817:
2816:
2810:
2795:
2734:
2708:
2666:
2660:, New York.
2635:
2615:
2592:
2586:
2574:. Retrieved
2570:the original
2560:
2551:
2541:
2529:. Retrieved
2525:the original
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2471:
2461:
2457:
2439:
2420:
2414:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2335:
2331:
2321:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2241:
2237:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2140:
2130:
2099:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2047:
2039:
2019:
2012:
2000:
1990:
1983:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1891:
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1850:
1827:
1788:
1782:
1768:
1745:
1726:
1719:
1711:
1692:
1685:
1676:
1670:
1654:
1642:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1533:
1524:
1480:Székely Land
1423:Székely flag
1366:Transylvania
1358:Székely flag
1336:Transylvania
1328:Székely flag
1301:
1298:Balázs Orbán
1294:Székely Land
1274:
1266:coat of arms
1259:
1231:
1227:
1215:
1202:József Nyírő
1198:Elek Benedek
1188:
1156:
1132:
1071:
1009:
1006:Demographics
985:
928:
845:
752:
744:
728:
713:
662:
646:
635:
626:
623:Mark of Kalt
615:
602:
595:
586:
578:
558:
542:
537:
533:
524:against the
515:
511:Transylvania
476:
472:
460:
454:
438:
434:
430:
423:Székely Land
419:Transylvania
407:Székely Land
404:
352:Székely Land
348:Transylvania
338:against the
329:
315:counties in
289:Székely Land
280:
259:
257:
118:Ethnic group
102:
93:
72:
51:
35:
3899: [
3706:Meadow Mari
3694:Volga Finns
3649:Kildin Sámi
3458:New Zealand
3098:Circassians
3008:Macedonians
2900:(1,227,623)
2576:26 November
2483:26 November
2479:. Hunsor.se
2338:: 121–126.
1977:(in Latin).
1925:26 November
1903:26 November
1763:, p. .
1628:26 November
1279:and on the
1218:Bram Stoker
1190:Áron Tamási
1163:Târgu Mureș
1024:Hungarians
939:Haplogroup
852:Haplogroup
763:Haplogroup
518:Middle Ages
376:Trei Scaune
332:Middle Ages
167:, parts of
3919:Categories
3829:Hungarians
3806:Ob-Ugrians
3782:Izhma Komi
3669:Skolt Sámi
3644:Inari Sámi
3165:Pakistanis
3069:Krashovani
3039:Aromanians
2960:Bulgarians
2944:) (20,282)
2910:Ukrainians
2898:Hungarians
2818:Hungarian:
2644:2001131858
1859:25 January
1661:, p.
1624:. Insse.ro
1603:References
1289:Christians
1177:Literature
962:Frequency
890:Frequency
804:Frequency
489:(that is,
390:. In post-
277:𐳥𐳋𐳓𐳉𐳗
264:pronounced
243:Hungarians
224:(majority)
3875:Nganasans
3847:Magyarabs
3794:Besermans
3749:Meshchera
3709:Hill Mari
3664:Pite Sámi
3654:Lule Sámi
3587:Livonians
3574:Karelians
3569:Izhorians
3525:Estonians
3518:Bjarmians
3453:Australia
3437:Venezuela
3381:Argentina
3153:Filipinos
3125:(177,000)
3014:Albanians
3002:Armenians
2906:(621,573)
2881:Romanians
2686:422798284
2652:469634201
2398:1617-4623
2357:18 August
1847:"Székely"
1579:romanized
1542:székelyek
1538:Hungarian
1220:'s novel
1152:Catalonia
1139:Ceaușescu
747:autosomal
731:Hungarian
724:Dark Ages
690:ancestry
597:together.
503:Wallachia
435:Hungarian
346:of 1920,
321:Vojvodina
285:Hungarian
231:Unitarian
210:Hungarian
204:Languages
197:Vojvodina
96:July 2024
38:in Latin.
3935:Székelys
3885:Kamasins
3857:Samoyeds
3842:Székelys
3769:Permians
3723:Mordvins
3684:Ume Sámi
3679:Ter Sámi
3604:Kreevins
3593:Vepsians
3411:Paraguay
3401:Colombia
3374:Americas
3345:Slovakia
3257:Magyarab
3183:Mexicans
3171:Iranians
3159:Africans
3075:Slovenes
3063:Székelys
3041:(26,500)
2984:Italians
2956:(13,654)
2950:(18,076)
2930:(23,487)
2928:Lipovans
2924:(27,698)
2918:(36,042)
2912:(50,920)
2753:51194272
2727:51194226
2531:13 March
2505:13 March
2450:Archived
2406:25258186
2352:25468443
2313:11073453
2266:13217908
2258:18373723
1877:Archived
1546:Romanian
1454:See also
1431:Budapest
1121:Autonomy
1063:200,858
1050:150,468
1037:257,707
1033:Harghita
741:Genetics
700:Cossacks
640:—
620:—
600:—
583:—
526:Ottomans
469:voivodes
465:margrave
459:(Latin:
405:Today's
392:Cold War
384:Harghita
340:Ottomans
301:Bukovina
283:, are a
281:Szeklers
260:Székelys
216:Religion
177:Bukovina
161:Harghita
122:Székelys
3880:Selkups
3837:Csángós
3789:Udmurts
3741:Meryans
3733:Mokshas
3446:Oceania
3432:Uruguay
3421:Detroit
3360:Ukraine
3336:(incl.
3322:Csángós
3316:(incl.
3313:Romania
3303:Ireland
3298:Germany
3288:Finland
3283:Croatia
3273:Austria
3149:(1,000)
3147:Indians
3143:(2,243)
3141:Chinese
3137:(2,384)
3135:Afghans
3131:(5,000)
3051:Csángós
3045:Hutsuls
3010:(1,264)
3004:(1,361)
2998:(2,477)
2992:(2,543)
2986:(3,203)
2980:(3,271)
2974:(3,668)
2968:(5,408)
2962:(7,336)
2954:Slovaks
2916:Germans
2607:Sources
2293:Bibcode
2285:Science
2208:Science
1585:Sekelji
1581::
1570:Serbian
1558:Szekler
1475:Ugrians
1435:Hungary
1425:on the
1370:Romania
1340:Romania
1300:in his
1236:Symbols
1222:Dracula
1066:38.09%
1053:73.74%
1046:Covasna
1040:84.62%
1021:County
992:Buryats
988:Csangos
870:E1b1b1a
778:E1b1b1a
704:Maroons
669:Magyars
549:Origins
516:In the
483:estates
445:History
439:Székely
431:Székely
411:Covasna
368:Odorhei
330:In the
317:Hungary
313:Baranya
293:Romania
247:Csángós
189:Baranya
181:Hungary
165:Covasna
157:Romania
82:improve
80:Please
18:Szekler
3896:Mators
3890:Yurats
3865:Nenets
3814:Khanty
3757:Muroma
3728:Erzyas
3406:Mexico
3391:Canada
3386:Brazil
3355:Sweden
3333:Serbia
3308:Poland
3293:France
3277:Vienna
3266:Europe
3250:Africa
3081:Gagauz
3020:Rusyns
2996:Czechs
2972:Greeks
2966:Croats
2942:Nogais
2934:Tatars
2904:Romani
2773:". In
2751:
2741:
2725:
2715:
2697:". In
2684:
2674:
2650:
2642:
2623:
2463:Gândul
2427:
2404:
2396:
2350:
2311:
2264:
2256:
2216:Fig.3.
2027:
1950:]
1855:. 2008
1799:
1738:
1704:
1594:Sikuli
1590:Slovak
1574:Секељи
1566:Siculi
1554:German
996:Khanty
708:Hajdúk
696:ʿApiru
561:Attila
487:Saxons
433:or as
374:, and
325:Serbia
193:Serbia
71:, but
36:Siculi
32:Sicels
3903:]
3870:Enets
3819:Mansi
3614:Chuds
3598:Votes
3557:Kvens
3542:Finns
3535:Võros
3530:Setos
3396:Chile
3350:Spain
3191:(100)
3185:(224)
3179:(500)
3177:Kurds
3173:(610)
3167:(700)
3161:(700)
3155:(800)
3129:Arabs
3077:(175)
3022:(262)
3016:(520)
2990:Poles
2948:Serbs
2922:Turks
2501:. MTI
2262:S2CID
2096:(PDF)
2053:(PDF)
2046:"The
1975:(PDF)
1952:(PDF)
1946:[
1622:(PDF)
1562:Latin
1550:secui
1516:Notes
1354:Turul
1324:Turul
1161:) in
1059:Mureș
1000:Mansi
931:Palóc
688:Tiele
680:Kabar
388:Mureș
364:Mureș
309:Tolna
185:Tolna
169:Mureș
43:Teasc
3777:Komi
3702:Mari
3636:Sámi
3425:Ohio
3324:and
2978:Jews
2940:and
2749:OCLC
2739:ISBN
2723:OCLC
2713:ISBN
2682:OCLC
2672:ISBN
2648:OCLC
2640:LCCN
2621:ISBN
2578:2013
2533:2014
2507:2014
2485:2013
2425:ISBN
2402:PMID
2394:ISSN
2359:2017
2348:PMID
2309:PMID
2254:PMID
2025:ISBN
1927:2013
1905:2013
1861:2009
1797:ISBN
1736:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1630:2013
1264:and
1262:flag
1260:The
1072:The
873:I2a1
772:I2a1
720:Avar
676:Avar
565:Huns
386:and
372:Ciuc
311:and
258:The
251:Jasz
187:and
3083:(5)
2460:),
2386:doi
2382:290
2340:doi
2301:doi
2289:290
2246:doi
2218:).
2212:343
2168:doi
1663:334
1216:In
1150:of
980:2%
971:11%
968:13%
965:60%
957:J2
945:R1b
942:R1a
923:1%
905:10%
902:11%
899:17%
896:19%
893:20%
858:R1a
855:R1b
840:1%
816:13%
813:13%
810:15%
807:30%
799:K*
769:R1b
766:R1a
745:An
682:or
563:'s
501:of
299:in
291:in
191:),
179:),
3921::
3901:ru
3617:†
3423:,
3320:,
2794:.
2747:.
2721:.
2680:.
2646:.
2596:,
2550:.
2400:.
2392:.
2380:.
2376:.
2346:.
2336:15
2334:.
2330:.
2307:.
2299:.
2287:.
2260:.
2252:.
2242:72
2240:.
2228:^
2210:.
2182:^
2162:.
2158:.
2108:^
2098:.
1849:.
1838:^
1826:.
1811:^
1791:.
1753:^
1744:.
1730:.
1710:.
1610:^
1592::
1588:;
1576:,
1572::
1568:;
1564::
1560:;
1556::
1552:;
1548::
1544:;
1540::
1433:,
1429:,
1368:,
1338:,
1306:.
1208:.
1015:.
994:,
977:2%
974:9%
920:1%
917:3%
914:5%
911:5%
908:8%
885:N
882:E*
879:P*
876:G2
867:J1
864:J2
861:I1
837:1%
834:1%
831:3%
828:3%
825:3%
822:8%
819:9%
796:F*
793:E*
790:I*
787:J1
784:G2
781:I1
775:J2
702:,
698:,
678:,
645:,
625:,
606::
545:.
513:.
441:.
402:.
370:,
366:,
327:.
323:,
275::
271:,
249:,
245:,
229:,
175:,
163:,
3905:†
3892:†
3760:†
3752:†
3744:†
3625:†
3607:†
3521:†
3492:e
3485:t
3478:v
3427:)
3419:(
3340:)
3328:)
3279:)
3275:(
3235:e
3228:t
3221:v
2861:e
2854:t
2847:v
2777:.
2755:.
2729:.
2701:.
2688:.
2654:.
2629:.
2580:.
2554:.
2535:.
2509:.
2487:.
2456:(
2433:.
2408:.
2388::
2361:.
2342::
2315:.
2303::
2295::
2268:.
2248::
2170::
2164:4
2102:.
2055:.
2033:.
2007:.
1929:.
1907:.
1863:.
1832:.
1805:.
1776:.
1665:.
1632:.
954:G
951:E
948:I
262:(
199:)
195:(
183:(
159:(
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
90:.
77:.
49:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
