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1969:
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2660:, suffrage to women). The new Constitution also eliminated some archaisms of the old Constitution, such as the tax upon bride moving into bridegroom's house, prohibition on cantons to have military forces of more than 300 people, the mandate for cantons to provide each other with military assistance, and the prohibition of
2676:
The second chapter declares the federal power about areas that require uniform regulation, such as relations with foreign states, security, national and civil defence, general aspects about education, research, culture, the aspects about environment and spatial planning, public construction works and
2536:
towards the world". The latter provision about the "openness" present a drastic contrast with the previous Swiss constitutions which were mostly oriented toward the internal isolationism. The new preamble also provides a provision about responsibility before and the rights of the future generations
2271:
It provides an explicit provision for nine fundamental rights, which up until then had only been discussed and debated in the
Federal Court. It also provides for greater details in tax laws. The Constitution of 1999 has been changed by popular initiative ten times in the period of 2002 to 2014, as
2267:
The
Federal Constitution was wholly revised for the second time in the 1990s, when the new version was approved by popular and cantonal vote on 18 April 1999. It came into force on 1 January 2000. The 1999 Constitution of Switzerland consists of a preamble and six parts, which together make up 196
2704:
Title 5 regulates the function and responsibilities of the
Federal Government. It provides for three branches of the government represented by three bodies: the Federal Assembly (two chambers, representing the Legislative power), Federal Council (the Executive power), and the Federal Court (the
2677:
transport, energy and communications, economy in general, concerns about housing, employment, social security and health, about the rights of residence and settlement of foreign nationals, and finally about the responsibility regarding the civil and criminal law, weights and measures.
1970:
2640:
Title 2 also covers the essential rules on the acquisition of Swiss citizenship and of the exercise of political rights. Furthermore, it contains a number of not directly enforceable "social goals" which the state shall strive to ensure, including the availability of
2511:
in continuance of Swiss constitutional tradition. It is a mandate to the State authorities by the Swiss people and cantons, as the
Confederation's constituent powers, to adhere to the values listed in the preamble, which include
2672:
Title 3 describes in the first chapter the relationships between the
Confederation, the cantons and the communes. The cantons retain their own constitutions, but in the case of contradiction the Federal Constitution prevails.
2410:
2401:
2392:
2383:
4166:
2656:
Title 2 refers to Swiss people as "women and men of
Switzerland" as a sign of acknowledging gender discrimination in the past (Switzerland became the second to last country in Europe that granted,
2164:" was introduced, under which a certain number of voters could make a request to amend a constitutional article, or even to introduce a new article into the constitution. This mechanism is called
2021:, in which a majority of the people and the cantons voted in favour. It replaced the prior federal constitution of 1874, which it was intended to bring up to date without changing its substance.
2133:, with a constitution promulgated on 12 September 1848. This constitution provided for the cantons' sovereignty, as long as this did not impinge on the Federal Constitution. The creation of a
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2540:
The general provisions contained in Title 1 (articles 1–6) define the characteristic traits of the Swiss state on all of its three levels of authority: federal, cantonal and
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418:
3014:
2110:
in 1830, a number of large assemblies were held calling for new cantonal constitutions. The modifications to the cantonal constitutions made during this period of "
2705:
Judicial power). The main differences compared to the previous constitution deal with the supervisory activity of the
Federal Court of the Federal Legislature.
3003:
Kley (2011): "Das
Parlament wurde als Folge eines Kompromisses zwischen Zentralisten und Föderalisten nach amerikan. Vorbild als Zweikammersystem ausgestaltet"
2476:
2365:
2629:
decided to codify that case law in the form of a comprehensive bill of rights, which is substantially congruent with the rights guaranteed in the ECHR, the
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2457:
1094:
2111:
4244:
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1890:
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English is not an official language of the Swiss
Confederation. This translation is provided for information purposes only and has no legal force.
1909:
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1758:
3189:
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1679:
332:
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61:
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68:
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Twelve such changes were made in the period of 1893 to 1994 (with no changes during the thirty-year period of 1950–1980):
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2014:), delineates the responsibilities of the cantons and the Confederation and establishes the federal authorities of government.
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994:
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393:
1903:
75:
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1828:
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1059:
909:
804:
789:
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759:
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357:
243:
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2614:'s extensive case law developed an array of implicit or "unwritten" fundamental rights, drawing upon the case law of the
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1833:
1818:
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57:
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2146:
899:
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819:
414:
214:
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of independent states, not a federal state; as such it was based on treaties rather than a constitution. The
1702:
1480:
1029:
984:
914:
864:
325:
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the
Confederacy, while the individual cantons drew up cantonal constitutions, in most respects based on the
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2003:
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312:
2809:
Elgie, Robert (2016). "Government Systems, Party Politics, and Institutional Engineering in the Round".
2103:. The new cantonal constitutions in many cases served as precedents for the later federal constitution.
82:
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2606:, and some of them grew less significant as the 20th century wore on, such as the right to a decent
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2168:. Thus, partial revisions of the constitution could – from this time onward – be made at any time.
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2011:
448:
4574:
3056:
Bernhard Ehrenzeller, Philipp Mastronardi, Rainer J. Schweizer, Klaus A. Vallender (eds.) (2002).
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35:
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Title 6 regulates the revisions of the Federal Constitution as well as transitional provisions.
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2309:: provisions for the right of shareholders in Swiss public companies to determine executive pay
2114:" remains the basis of the current-day cantonal constitutions. Vaud introduced the legislative
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2018:
1999:
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1907:
Memorial page to mark the revision of the federal constitution of 1874, featuring the motto "
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2850:(official website) (in German, French, and Italian). Berne, Switzerland. 10 September 2016
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27 November 2005: restrictions on the use of genetically modified organisms in agriculture
8:
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of November 1847. As a result of the Sonderbund War, Switzerland was transformed into a
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2872:(official website) (in German, French, and Italian). Berne, Switzerland. 1 January 2016
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and consists of 35 articles. The 1874 constitution contained only a limited number of
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2100:
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1995:
1962:
1950:
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3164:
texts of Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of 18 April 1999 (SR 101)
2079:, but with notable liberal innovations in the constitutions of the new cantons of
2071:
4659:
2642:
2553:
2549:
2321:
8 May 2014: prohibition of convicted child sex offenders from working with minors
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1938:
1926:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2910:
2904:
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Title 4 clarifies fundamental political rights and in particular the rights for
2529:
2288:
30 November 2008: abolition of the statute of limitations for child sexual abuse
369:
4082:
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3437:
3402:
3364:
3123:
3117:
3111:
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The third chapter clarifies general financial aspects, in particular taxation.
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2126:
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1570:
348:
158:
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4107:
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2521:
1984:
386:
353:
343:
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2544:. They contain an enumeration of the constituent cantons, affirm cantonal
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and the first title of the Constitution determine the general outlines of
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3198:
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2545:
2501:
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1988:
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151:
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3153:
3149:
3145:
2830:
2770:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns"
2709:
Title 6 Revision of the Federal Constitution and Transitional Provisions
2548:
within the bounds of the Constitution and list the national languages –
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3354:
3167:
2722:
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2430:
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2007:
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173:
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guaranteed in article 53 of the old constitution. In consequence, the
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2517:
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2282:
8 February 2004: indefinite confinement of dangerous sexual offenders
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2134:
1610:
338:
238:
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4642:
2564:. They also commit the state to the principles of obedience to law,
24:
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2183:
1615:
182:
2125:
The political crisis of the Regeneration period culminated in the
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2513:
2088:
1645:
1590:
2415:
Revision of the Federal Constitution and Transitional Provisions
4257:
3502:
3487:
3392:
2870:"SR 101 Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft"
2607:
2303:
11 March 2012: limitation on building permits for holiday homes
2199:
2092:
2084:
1655:
1640:
1555:
2667:
4677:
2525:
3497:
2260:
2096:
1660:
2470:
2053:
of 1798–1803 had a constitution largely drawn up by
2588:
Title 2 Fundamental Rights, Citizenship and Social Goals
3124:
2625:
In the course of the 1999 constitutional revision, the
3118:
3112:
2984:
2911:
2618:
and applying the fundamental rights guaranteed in the
2477:
Preamble and Title 1 of the Swiss Federal Constitution
1931:
Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft
4631:
2978:
2972:
2905:
2899:
2683:
2635:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1955:
Costituzione federale della Confederazione Svizzera
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2212:2 December 1928: exemptions on the ban on casinos
4746:
2580:, before closing with a reference to individual
2379:Fundamental Rights, Citizenship and Social Goals
1972:Constituziun federala da la Confederaziun svizra
1943:Constitution fédérale de la Confédération suisse
2263:landscape (limitations on trans-alpine traffic)
2209:on international treaties signed by Switzerland
2002:(states). The document contains a catalogue of
1919:Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation
3058:Die schweizerische Bundesverfassung, Kommentar
3037:
3035:
2699:
4238:
3183:
3015:"The Swiss state and its citizens after 1848"
2451:
1884:
2947:
2924:
2622:(ECHR), which Switzerland ratified in 1974.
2325:
1994:It establishes the Swiss Confederation as a
4252:
3032:
2941:
2935:
2668:Title 3 Confederation, Cantons and Communes
2300:: deportation of convicted foreign citizens
4245:
4231:
4167:Cultural Property of National Significance
3190:
3176:
2458:
2444:
2118:in 1846. Berne introduced the legislative
1891:
1877:
131:
3093:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2785:
2768:Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005).
2137:assembly was consciously inspired by the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3197:
1902:
2767:
2471:Preamble and Title 1 General Provisions
16:Constitution of the Swiss Confederation
4747:
2842:
2840:
2215:11 September 1949: provisions for the
4226:
3171:
2808:
2631:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2222:28 November 1982: provisions against
2160:In a partial revision of 1891, the "
4684:
3131:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
2991:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
2954:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
2918:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
2862:
2598:Title 2 contains the Constitution's
2061:, which was in turn replaced by the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2837:
2620:European Convention on Human Rights
2388:Confederation, Cantons and Communes
2333:This article is part of the series:
1983:) is the third and current federal
13:
4775:1999 establishments in Switzerland
4770:1848 establishments in Switzerland
2684:Title 4 The People and the Cantons
2345:
2017:The Constitution was adopted by a
14:
4806:
4755:Swiss Federal Constitution (1999)
3138:
2507:The preamble opens with a solemn
2243:23 September 1990: moratorium on
2006:(including the right to call for
4727:
4710:
4693:
4665:
4653:
4641:
3325:
1851:
290:
23:
3049:
3012:
2276:3 March 2002: accession to the
2175:20 August 1893: prohibition of
1913:" ("One for all, all for one").
34:needs additional citations for
3685:President of the Confederation
3006:
2997:
2960:
2887:
2802:
2761:
2745:Switzerland as a federal state
2616:European Court of Human Rights
2537:of the people of Switzerland.
2198:21 March 1920: prohibition of
2031:Switzerland as a federal state
1910:Einer fĂĽr alle, alle fĂĽr einen
1:
3156:as well as non-authoritative
3013:SFA, Swiss Federal Archives.
2755:
2004:individual and popular rights
1708:(Full list of Municipalities)
2182:5 July 1908: prohibition of
1499:Federal Administrative Court
263:Federal Constitution of 1874
58:"Swiss Federal Constitution"
7:
4780:April 1999 events in Europe
2787:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087
2716:
2700:Title 5 Federal Authorities
2612:Swiss Federal Supreme Court
2594:Human rights in Switzerland
2350:Coat of arms of Switzerland
2190:proportional representation
2019:referendum on 18 April 1999
1546:Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)
137:Cover of the German version
10:
4811:
4680:Swiss Federal Constitution
2591:
2474:
2397:The People and The Cantons
2339:Swiss Federal Constitution
2166:federal popular initiative
2139:United States Constitution
2057:, in 1803 replaced by the
2034:
2028:
2024:
1551:Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)
126:Swiss Federal Constitution
4795:Federalism in Switzerland
4613:
4565:
4527:
4264:
4184:
4043:
3925:
3916:
3792:
3783:
3640:
3631:
3547:
3373:
3347:
3343:
3334:
3323:
3218:
3209:
2326:Constitutional provisions
2012:constitutional amendments
375:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
259:
249:
237:
225:
207:
197:
192:
167:
157:
147:
142:
130:
125:
3645:Administrative divisions
3532:list of cities and towns
2848:"SR 10 Bundesverfassung"
2576:, an explicit claim for
2357:Text of the Constitution
2151:House of Representatives
272:This article is part of
4760:Politics of Switzerland
3842:Pharmaceutical industry
3106: Andreas Kley:
2293:prohibition of minarets
2240:military training area)
2179:without anesthetization
283:Politics of Switzerland
4307:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3847:Science and technology
3690:Federal administration
2729:Schubert Jurisprudence
2351:
2236:(against the proposed
2194:Swiss National Council
2037:History of Switzerland
1966:
1954:
1942:
1930:
1914:
1858:Switzerland portal
1724:Appenzell Ausserrhoden
1494:Federal Criminal Court
394:Federal administration
2750:Voting in Switzerland
2349:
2149:corresponding to the
2106:Following the French
2029:Further information:
1906:
1719:Appenzell Innerrhoden
1680:Cantonal legislatures
1561:Basel-Landschaft (BL)
1489:Federal Supreme Court
244:Federal Supreme Court
187:semi-direct democracy
4172:World Heritage Sites
3108:Federal Constitution
2366:Preamble and Title 1
2245:nuclear power plants
2207:mandatory referendum
2010:on federal laws and
1979:) of 18 April 1999 (
1504:Federal Patent Court
193:Government structure
177:assembly-independent
43:improve this article
4528:States with limited
3970:Firearms regulation
3539:Statistical regions
3348:Physiographic areas
2968:Kantonsverfassungen
2895:Kantonsverfassungen
2406:Federal Authorities
2249:26 September 1993:
2217:optional referendum
2162:right of initiative
2120:optional referendum
2041:Prior to 1798, the
2008:popular referendums
1685:Cantonal executives
364:Karin Keller-Sutter
159:Date effective
4765:Law of Switzerland
3935:Capital punishment
3867:Telecommunications
3761:Popular initiative
3086:has generic name (
2966: A. Kölz:
2893: A. Kölz:
2735:Special Provisions
2604:fundamental rights
2370:General Provisions
2352:
2317:immigration quotas
2291:29 November 2009:
2255:20 February 1994:
2251:Swiss National Day
2122:in the same year.
2116:popular initiative
1915:
1468:Popular initiative
382:Federal Chancellor
4629:
4628:
4220:
4219:
4180:
4179:
3990:Human trafficking
3912:
3911:
3779:
3778:
3756:Political parties
3749:Council of States
3672:Foreign relations
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3134:, 3 May 2011.
2574:international law
2509:invocation of God
2468:
2467:
2228:6 December 1987:
2205:30 January 1921:
2188:13 October 1918:
2147:Council of States
2051:Helvetic Republic
2043:Swiss Confederacy
1901:
1900:
1621:Schaffhausen (SH)
1518:Foreign relations
435:Political parties
415:Council of States
267:
266:
215:Council of States
119:
118:
111:
93:
4802:
4790:1999 in politics
4740:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4723:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4706:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4686:
4670:
4669:
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4658:
4657:
4646:
4645:
4637:
4566:Dependencies and
4265:Sovereign states
4247:
4240:
4233:
4224:
4223:
4200:
4193:
3923:
3922:
3904:Waste management
3837:
3797:Economic history
3790:
3789:
3744:National Council
3729:National Redoubt
3638:
3637:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3329:
3305:Military history
3275:Early Modern era
3192:
3185:
3178:
3169:
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3126:
3120:
3114:
3098:
3091:
3085:
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3079:
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3019:www.bar.admin.ch
3010:
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2857:
2855:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2765:
2627:Federal Assembly
2572:and respect for
2500:governed by the
2494:federal republic
2460:
2453:
2446:
2330:
2329:
2298:28 November 2010
2157:, respectively.
2143:National Council
2059:Act of Mediation
1996:federal republic
1977:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1729:Basel-Landschaft
1566:Basel-Stadt (BS)
425:National Council
407:Federal Assembly
366:(Vice President)
294:
269:
268:
219:National Council
135:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
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4722:from Wikisource
4716:
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4699:
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4692:
4689:
4685:sister projects
4682:at Knowledge's
4676:
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4216:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4176:
4140:Public holidays
4039:
4020:Social security
3908:
3835:
3775:
3719:Law enforcement
3680:Federal Council
3619:
3600:Mountain passes
3543:
3369:
3330:
3321:
3253:Federal Charter
3248:Old Confederacy
3214:
3205:
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3141:
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2774:French Politics
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2643:social security
2596:
2590:
2566:proportionality
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2431:Law portal
2426:Other countries
2414:
2405:
2396:
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2328:
2315:: principle of
2313:9 February 2014
2108:July Revolution
2065:of 1815, which
2039:
2033:
2027:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1897:
1868:
1864:Other countries
1852:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1705:
1695:
1694:
1676:
1675:
1636:St. Gallen (SG)
1540:
1530:
1529:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1483:
1473:
1472:
1462:
1444:
735:
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729:
728:
464:
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451:
441:
440:
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409:
399:
398:
335:(by seniority)
328:
326:Federal Council
318:
317:
308:
285:
232:Federal Council
138:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4808:
4798:
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4785:1999 documents
4782:
4777:
4772:
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4678:
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4662:
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4627:
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4621:European Union
4617:
4615:
4614:Other entities
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4568:other entities
4563:
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4554:
4549:
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4514:United Kingdom
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4327:Czech Republic
4324:
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3852:Stock exchange
3849:
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3771:Federal decree
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3565:Extreme points
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3527:Municipalities
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3365:Jura Mountains
3362:
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3324:
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3317:Historiography
3314:
3313:
3312:
3302:
3300:Modern history
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3280:Napoleonic era
3277:
3272:
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3266:
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3260:
3255:
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3207:
3206:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3144:Authoritative
3140:
3139:External links
3137:
3136:
3135:
3128:in the online
3104:
3066:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3031:
3005:
2996:
2988:in the online
2959:
2951:in the online
2923:
2915:in the online
2886:
2861:
2836:
2811:Insight Turkey
2801:
2780:(3): 323–351.
2759:
2757:
2754:
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2752:
2747:
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2732:
2725:
2718:
2715:
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2707:
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2698:
2685:
2682:
2669:
2666:
2600:bill of rights
2589:
2586:
2582:responsibility
2475:Main article:
2472:
2469:
2466:
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2278:United Nations
2265:
2264:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2186:
2180:
2127:Sonderbund War
2063:Federal Treaty
2026:
2023:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1870:
1869:
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1703:Municipalities
1701:
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1697:
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1682:
1674:
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1668:
1663:
1658:
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1648:
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1638:
1633:
1631:Solothurn (SO)
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1611:Nidwalden (NW)
1608:
1606:Neuchâtel (NE)
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
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1548:
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1525:European Union
1521:
1516:
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1496:
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1481:Federal courts
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349:Ignazio Cassis
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163:1 January 2000
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99:September 2016
31:
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4739:from Wikidata
4738:
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4580:Faroe Islands
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4552:South Ossetia
4550:
4548:
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4540:
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4535:
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4405:
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4400:
4399:Liechtenstein
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
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4254:Constitutions
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3817:Private banks
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3709:Landsgemeinde
3707:
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3660:Supreme Court
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3360:Swiss Plateau
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3290:Federal state
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3256:
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3238:Early history
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3115:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3096:
3089:
3077:
3069:
3067:3-905455-70-6
3063:
3060:(in German).
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2132:
2131:federal state
2128:
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2109:
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2098:
2094:
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2086:
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2078:
2074:
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2072:Ancien RĂ©gime
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:confederation
2044:
2038:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
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1964:
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1956:
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1690:Landsgemeinde
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1616:Obwalden (OW)
1614:
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1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
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1579:
1577:
1576:Fribourg (FR)
1574:
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1564:
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81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4734:
4717:
4705:from Commons
4700:
4679:
4557:Transnistria
4519:Vatican City
4498:
4145:National Day
4068:Coat of arms
4058:Architecture
4025:Swiss people
4015:Prostitution
3985:Homelessness
3955:Demographics
3940:Conscription
3877:Trade unions
3812:Central bank
3697:Human rights
3650:Constitution
3649:
3375:Subdivisions
3310:list of wars
3212:Major topics
3211:
3129:
3107:
3100:
3057:
3050:Bibliography
3022:. Retrieved
3018:
3008:
2999:
2994:, 2014.
2989:
2967:
2962:
2952:
2930:
2926:
2921:, 2014.
2916:
2894:
2889:
2881:
2876:14 September
2874:. Retrieved
2864:
2854:14 September
2852:. Retrieved
2817:(4): 79–92.
2814:
2810:
2804:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2727:
2712:
2703:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2655:
2639:
2624:
2597:
2578:subsidiarity
2539:
2522:independence
2506:
2480:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2338:
2307:3 March 2013
2270:
2266:
2170:
2159:
2124:
2112:Regeneration
2105:
2077:18th century
2070:
2040:
2016:
1993:
1985:constitution
1980:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1789:Schaffhausen
1646:Thurgau (TG)
1601:Lucerne (LU)
1591:Grisons (GR)
387:Viktor Rossi
370:Albert Rösti
354:Viola Amherd
344:Guy Parmelin
313:Human rights
306:Constitution
305:
213:Two (upper:
148:Jurisdiction
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4672:Switzerland
4595:Isle of Man
4530:recognition
4499:Switzerland
4434:Netherlands
4118:Röstigraben
3995:Immigration
3802:Agriculture
3676:Government
3560:Earthquakes
3285:Restoration
3270:Reformation
3233:Enlargement
3199:Switzerland
3101:Ehrenzeller
3099:. Cited as
3084:|last=
3042:bk.admin.ch
2694:referendums
2690:initiatives
2647:health care
2546:sovereignty
2502:rule of law
2487:Switzerland
2238:Rothenthurm
2224:overpricing
1989:Switzerland
1734:Basel-Stadt
1671:Zurich (ZH)
1656:Valais (VS)
1641:Ticino (TI)
1626:Schwyz (SZ)
1586:Glarus (GL)
1581:Geneva (GE)
1556:Aargau (AG)
732:Referendums
180:directorial
152:Switzerland
4749:Categories
4469:San Marino
4429:Montenegro
4409:Luxembourg
4389:Kazakhstan
4292:Azerbaijan
4125:Literature
3980:Healthcare
3965:Euthanasia
3945:Corruption
3857:Swiss made
3836:(currency)
3739:Parliament
3734:Neutrality
3355:Swiss Alps
3295:World wars
3258:RĂĽtli Oath
2756:References
2723:Referendum
2592:See also:
2570:good faith
2530:solidarity
2491:democratic
2268:articles.
2257:protection
2230:protection
2081:St. Gallen
2055:Peter Ochs
2035:See also:
1804:St. Gallen
1759:GraubĂĽnden
260:Supersedes
251:Federalism
69:newspapers
4585:Gibraltar
4404:Lithuania
4093:Languages
3960:Education
3882:Transport
3824:Companies
3667:Elections
3605:Mountains
3585:Hydrology
3522:Districts
3336:Geography
3243:Roman era
3076:cite book
2931:Volkstage
2823:1302-177X
2740:Swiss law
2542:municipal
2518:democracy
2272:follows:
2219:procedure
2177:schechita
2135:bicameral
1799:Solothurn
1779:Nidwalden
1774:Neuchâtel
1661:Vaud (VD)
1596:Jura (JU)
1571:Bern (BE)
1453:Mandatory
462:Elections
449:Elections
358:President
339:Beat Jans
274:a series
239:Judiciary
227:Executive
217:; lower:
4660:Politics
4605:Svalbard
4590:Guernsey
4537:Abkhazia
4484:Slovenia
4479:Slovakia
4454:Portugal
4312:Bulgaria
4207:Category
4152:Religion
4088:Helvetia
4083:Folklore
4000:Pensions
3930:Abortion
3862:Taxation
3724:Military
3633:Politics
3580:Glaciers
3548:By topic
3228:Timeline
3203:articles
3024:24 April
2831:26300453
2796:73642272
2717:See also
2662:absinthe
2633:and the
2534:openness
2483:preamble
2234:wetlands
2202:gambling
2184:absinthe
2067:restored
1784:Obwalden
1744:Fribourg
1666:Zug (ZG)
1651:Uri (UR)
1458:Optional
209:Chambers
199:Branches
185:under a
183:republic
143:Overview
4634:Portals
4509:Ukraine
4459:Romania
4419:Moldova
4377:Ireland
4372:Iceland
4367:Hungary
4357:Germany
4352:Georgia
4342:Finland
4337:Estonia
4332:Denmark
4317:Croatia
4302:Belgium
4297:Belarus
4287:Austria
4282:Armenia
4277:Andorra
4272:Albania
4191:Outline
4162:Symbols
4113:Romansh
4108:Italian
4073:Cuisine
4045:Culture
4030:Welfare
4010:Poverty
4005:Prisons
3918:Society
3872:Tourism
3807:Banking
3785:Economy
3590:Islands
3575:Forests
3555:Climate
3383:Cantons
3220:History
3162:English
3158:Romansh
3154:Italian
3125:Italian
2985:Italian
2948:Italian
2912:Italian
2658:in 1971
2651:housing
2562:Romansh
2558:Italian
2514:liberty
2498:cantons
2411:Title 6
2402:Title 5
2393:Title 4
2384:Title 3
2375:Title 2
2259:of the
2192:in the
2141:, the
2089:Thurgau
2075:of the
2025:History
2000:cantons
1963:Romansh
1951:Italian
1809:Thurgau
1769:Lucerne
1538:Cantons
429:members
419:members
333:Members
174:Federal
83:scholar
4600:Jersey
4542:Kosovo
4504:Turkey
4494:Sweden
4474:Serbia
4464:Russia
4449:Poland
4444:Norway
4424:Monaco
4394:Latvia
4362:Greece
4347:France
4322:Cyprus
4258:Europe
4212:Portal
4103:French
4098:German
4063:Cinema
4053:Anthem
3975:Health
3834:Franc
3829:Energy
3766:Voting
3655:Courts
3615:Rivers
3263:Growth
3201:
3150:French
3146:German
3119:French
3113:German
3064:
2979:French
2973:German
2942:French
2936:German
2906:French
2900:German
2829:
2821:
2794:
2608:burial
2554:French
2550:German
2496:of 26
2261:Alpine
2200:casino
2155:Senate
2101:Geneva
2093:Ticino
2085:Aargau
2045:was a
1998:of 26
1981:SR 101
1939:French
1927:German
1839:Zurich
1824:Valais
1814:Ticino
1794:Schwyz
1754:Glarus
1749:Geneva
1714:Aargau
456:Voting
276:on the
169:System
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4719:Texts
4702:Media
4575:Ă…land
4489:Spain
4414:Malta
4384:Italy
4198:Index
4157:Sport
4135:Music
4130:Media
4035:Women
3950:Crime
3610:Parks
3595:Lakes
3570:Fauna
2827:JSTOR
2792:S2CID
2526:peace
2489:as a
1959:Cost.
1923:SR 10
203:Three
90:JSTOR
76:books
4736:Data
4078:Flag
3897:road
3892:rail
3702:LGBT
3160:and
3152:and
3122:and
3110:in
3095:link
3088:help
3062:ISBN
3026:2024
2982:and
2970:in
2945:and
2933:in
2909:and
2897:in
2878:2016
2856:2016
2819:ISSN
2692:and
2649:and
2560:and
2532:and
2524:and
2516:and
2481:The
2153:and
2145:and
2099:and
2097:Vaud
1947:Cst.
1917:The
1829:Vaud
1764:Jura
1739:Bern
1440:2024
1435:2023
1430:2022
1425:2021
1420:2020
1415:2019
1410:2018
1405:2017
1400:2016
1395:2015
1390:2014
1385:2013
1380:2012
1375:2011
1370:2010
1365:2009
1360:2008
1355:2007
1350:2006
1345:2005
1340:2004
1335:2003
1330:2002
1325:2001
1320:2000
1315:1999
1310:1998
1305:1997
1300:1996
1295:1995
1290:1994
1285:1993
1280:1992
1275:1991
1270:1990
1265:1989
1260:1988
1255:1987
1250:1986
1245:1985
1240:1984
1235:1983
1230:1982
1225:1981
1220:1980
1215:1979
1210:1978
1205:1977
1200:1976
1195:1975
1190:1974
1185:1973
1180:1972
1175:1971
1170:1970
1165:1969
1160:1968
1155:1967
1150:1966
1145:1965
1140:1964
1135:1963
1130:1962
1125:1961
1120:1960
1115:1959
1110:1958
1105:1957
1100:1956
1095:1955
1090:1954
1085:1953
1080:1952
1075:1951
1070:1950
1065:1949
1060:1948
1055:1947
1050:1946
1045:1945
1040:1944
1035:1942
1030:1941
1025:1940
1020:1939
1015:1938
1010:1937
1005:1935
1000:1934
995:1933
990:1931
985:1930
980:1929
975:1928
970:1927
965:1926
960:1925
955:1924
950:1923
945:1922
940:1921
935:1920
930:1919
925:1918
920:1917
915:1915
910:1914
905:1913
900:1912
895:1910
890:1908
885:1907
880:1906
875:1905
870:1903
865:1902
860:1900
855:1898
850:1897
845:1896
840:1895
835:1894
830:1893
825:1891
820:1890
815:1889
810:1887
805:1885
800:1884
795:1882
790:1880
785:1879
780:1877
775:1876
770:1875
765:1874
760:1872
755:1866
750:1848
745:1802
740:1798
724:2023
719:2019
714:2015
709:2011
704:2007
699:2003
694:1999
689:1995
684:1991
679:1987
674:1983
669:1979
664:1975
659:1971
654:1967
649:1963
644:1959
639:1955
634:1951
629:1947
624:1943
619:1939
614:1935
609:1931
604:1928
599:1925
594:1922
589:1919
584:1917
579:1914
574:1911
569:1908
564:1905
559:1902
554:1899
549:1896
544:1893
539:1890
534:1887
529:1884
524:1881
519:1878
514:1875
509:1872
504:1869
499:1866
494:1863
489:1860
484:1857
479:1854
474:1851
469:1848
62:news
4648:Law
4256:of
3887:air
3714:Law
2782:doi
2528:in
2232:of
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1987:of
1961:);
1949:);
1937:);
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1819:Uri
255:Yes
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4751::
3513:ZH
3508:ZG
3503:VS
3498:VD
3493:UR
3488:TI
3483:TG
3478:SZ
3473:SO
3468:SH
3463:SG
3458:OW
3453:NW
3448:NE
3443:LU
3438:JU
3433:GR
3428:GL
3423:GE
3418:FR
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3408:BL
3403:BE
3398:AR
3393:AG
3388:AI
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