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Swastika epidemic of 1959–1960

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At that time, a Communist conspiracy was suspected. Later, Strunk and Schonen were found to have traveled to East Germany twice in 1959 and had repeated contact with Russians on a military base. On January 16, Bernhard Schlottmann, the leader of a banned Neo-Nazi student league who had been arrested
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by German police, was revealed as having worked for East German state security for the past fourteen months. Meanwhile, British intelligence community released directives sent from Moscow to its agents, proving that Moscow was highly likely behind what had happened around the world.
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reported approximiately 637 discrete incidents in 236 cities, which ranges from the construction and display of swastikas (84%), mail, telephone or personal threats (11%) to physical damage (5%). 20 percent of the targets are public school, library and college buildings.
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was a wave of anti-Jewish incidents which happened at the end of 1959 to 1960 all around the world. In West Germany alone, 833 separate anti-Jewish acts were recorded between December 25, 1959 and mid-February 1960 by the authorities.
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On the night of December 30, a synagogue in Notting Hill, London was also defaced. Following that, other similar incidents occurred in Aximinster to York; five Jewish members of Parliament were threatened. In the
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called his cabinet to emergency meeting and passed a law against Volksverhetzung, or hate crimes against ethnic groups. In
281:""Antisemitism Is a Barometer of Democracy": Confronting the Nazi Past in the West German 'Swastika Epidemic', 1959-1960" 280: 325: 111: 85: 517: 492: 472: 427: 45: 512: 446: 49: 522: 487: 482: 507: 502: 497: 439: 157: 141: 397: 236:"Vandals Desecrate Synagogue Opened by Adenauer in Cologne; GERMAN VANDALS SMEAR SYNAGOGUE" 8: 369: 321: 208:
In Britain, incidents targeting German employees and German products were reported.
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1959. It was perpetrated by Arnold Strunk and Josef SchΓΆnen, members of far-right
350:"The Swastika Epidemic of 1959-1960: Anti-Semitism and Community Characteristics" 182: 423: 419: 466: 194: 165: 318:
Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare
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Desecration of the Cologne synagogue 55 years ago - a critical review
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The symbolic and widely publicized incident of vandalism against the
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Wave of anti-Jewish incidents between 1959 and 1960
135: 464: 32:An editor has performed a search and found that 189:, 40,000 people marched against anti-Semitism. 211: 447: 205:all expressed their concern and opposition. 454: 440: 112:Learn how and when to remove this message 347: 465: 233: 227: 170:Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith 259: 406: 341: 307: 305: 303: 301: 234:Gruson, Sydney (December 26, 1959). 50:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 320:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2020. 311: 13: 348:Ehrlich, Howard J. (Winter 1962). 260:Weiss, Michael (11 October 2017). 253: 14: 534: 391: 298: 278: 272: 410: 61:"Swastika epidemic of 1959–1960" 23: 285:The University of New Brunswick 136:Cologne incident and its spread 1: 478:Antisemitism in North America 312:Rid, Thomas (21 April 2020). 220: 426:. You can help Knowledge by 7: 212:Involvement of East Germany 176: 152:happened on the morning of 38:to establish the subject's 10: 539: 405: 418:This article related to 201:Minister of Justice and 193:, then mayor of Berlin, 35:sufficient sources exist 518:Antisemitism in Germany 493:History of antisemitism 181:Then German chancellor 473:Antisemitism in Europe 513:False flag operations 158:Deutsche Reichspartei 142:Roonstrasse Synagogue 129:epidemic of 1959–1960 523:Jewish history stubs 488:1959 in West Germany 483:Neo-Nazism in Europe 46:improve this article 435: 434: 122: 121: 114: 96: 530: 508:Crime in Cologne 503:1960s in Cologne 498:1950s in Cologne 456: 449: 442: 414: 407: 385: 384: 382: 380: 345: 339: 338: 336: 334: 314:"9 Red Swastika" 309: 296: 295: 293: 291: 276: 270: 269: 257: 251: 250: 248: 246: 231: 117: 110: 106: 103: 97: 95: 54: 27: 19: 538: 537: 533: 532: 531: 529: 528: 527: 463: 462: 461: 460: 403: 394: 389: 388: 378: 376: 354:Social Problems 346: 342: 332: 330: 328: 310: 299: 289: 287: 277: 273: 258: 254: 244: 242: 232: 228: 223: 214: 183:Konrad Adenauer 179: 138: 118: 107: 101: 98: 55: 53: 43: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 536: 526: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 459: 458: 451: 444: 436: 433: 432: 420:Jewish history 415: 401: 400: 393: 392:External links 390: 387: 386: 366:10.2307/799237 360:(3): 264–272. 340: 326: 297: 271: 252: 240:New York Times 225: 224: 222: 219: 213: 210: 178: 175: 137: 134: 120: 119: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 535: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 470: 468: 457: 452: 450: 445: 443: 438: 437: 431: 429: 425: 421: 416: 413: 409: 408: 404: 399: 396: 395: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 344: 329: 327:9780374718657 323: 319: 315: 308: 306: 304: 302: 286: 282: 279:Jones, Alan. 275: 267: 263: 256: 241: 237: 230: 226: 218: 209: 206: 204: 200: 196: 195:Pinchas Rosen 192: 188: 184: 174: 171: 167: 166:United States 161: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 133: 130: 128: 116: 113: 105: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: 66: 63: β€“  62: 58: 57:Find sources: 51: 47: 41: 37: 36: 30: 26: 21: 20: 428:expanding it 417: 402: 377:. Retrieved 357: 353: 343: 331:. Retrieved 317: 288:. Retrieved 284: 274: 265: 255: 243:. Retrieved 239: 229: 215: 207: 191:Willy Brandt 180: 162: 139: 125: 123: 108: 99: 89: 82: 75: 68: 56: 44:Please help 33: 203:White House 187:West Berlin 467:Categories 221:References 72:newspapers 40:notability 154:Christmas 177:Response 127:swastika 102:May 2021 199:Israeli 150:Germany 146:Cologne 86:scholar 379:12 May 374:799237 372:  333:12 May 324:  290:12 May 245:12 May 197:, the 88:  81:  74:  67:  59:  422:is a 370:JSTOR 93:JSTOR 79:books 424:stub 381:2021 335:2021 322:ISBN 292:2021 247:2021 124:The 65:news 362:doi 266:CNN 144:in 48:by 469:: 368:. 356:. 352:. 316:. 300:^ 283:. 264:. 238:. 160:. 148:, 455:e 448:t 441:v 430:. 383:. 364:: 358:9 337:. 294:. 268:. 249:. 115:) 109:( 104:) 100:( 90:Β· 83:Β· 76:Β· 69:Β· 42:.

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"Swastika epidemic of 1959–1960"
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swastika
Roonstrasse Synagogue
Cologne
Germany
Christmas
Deutsche Reichspartei
United States
Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith
Konrad Adenauer
West Berlin
Willy Brandt
Pinchas Rosen
Israeli
White House
"Vandals Desecrate Synagogue Opened by Adenauer in Cologne; GERMAN VANDALS SMEAR SYNAGOGUE"
"The making of a Russian disinformation campaign: What it takes"
""Antisemitism Is a Barometer of Democracy": Confronting the Nazi Past in the West German 'Swastika Epidemic', 1959-1960"

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