81:
107:
38:
872:
641:
50:
770:
356:
knew the surplice at least as early as the 12th century. It probably originated outside Rome, and was imported thence into the Roman use. Originally only a choir vestment and peculiar to the lower clergy, it gradually—certainly no later than the 13th century—replaced the alb as the vestment proper to
656:
came into fashion, it became convenient to have surplices constructed gown-wise, open down the front and buttoned at the neck, a fashion which still partially survives, notably at the universities. In general, however, the tendency followed continental influence, and curtailed the surplice's
617:, since it has no liturgical significance and originally formed a mere part of the clerical outdoor dress for high ranking or degree-holding clerics. Formerly the clergy only wore the surplice when conducting the service, and exchanged it during the sermon for the "black gown", i.e. either a
689:
In German
Lutheran and United Churches, where the black academic gown with preaching bands have commonly been in use since the early 19th century, the surplice is sometimes worn over the academic gown and preaching bands as a 'compromise' between the black gown, which has become a symbol of
651:
The traditional form of the surplice in the Church of
England survived from pre-Reformation times: a wide-sleeved, very full, plain, white linen tunic, pleated from the yoke, and reaching almost, or quite, to the feet. Towards the end of the 17th century, when large
215:
It seems most probable that the surplice first appeared in France or
England, from whence its use gradually spread to Italy . It is possible that there is a connection between the surplice and the Gallican or Celtic alb, an ungirdled liturgical tunic of the old
304:
and
Gerland also affirm, from the fact that its wearers formerly put it on over the fur garments formerly worn in church during divine service as a protection against the cold. The word derived its name from the Medieval Latin word
232:
in the second half of the eleventh century may have had a special influence upon the spread of the surplice. Among the
Augustinian Canons the surplice was not only the choir vestment, but also a part of the habit of the order.
339:
In all probability the surplice forms no more than an expansion of the ordinary liturgical alb, due to the necessity for wearing it over thick furs. The first documents to mention the surplice date from the 11th century: a
661:
churches, the surplices follow the style of the Roman cotta. Cottas may in some churches be worn by servers and members of the choir and clergy may wear surplices in services where they do not wear eucharistic vestments.
241:
did it become considerably shorter. In several localities it underwent more drastic modifications in the course of time, which led to the appearance of various subsidiary forms alongside the original type. For example:
236:
The surplice originally reached to the feet, but as early as the 13th century it began to shorten, though as late as the 15th century it still fell to the middle of the shin, and only in the 17th and 18th centuries in
320:
Some scholars trace the use of the surplice at least as far back as the 5th century, citing the evidence of the garments worn by the two clerics in attendance on Bishop
Maximian represented in the
904:
2606:
2435:
897:
613:
The clergy have employed as a distinctive mark the tippet or scarf mentioned above, a broad band of black stuff or silk worn stole-wise, but not to be confused with the
555:
retained the garment, and the advertisements and injunctions issued under her authority enforced its use, though they ordered the destruction of the "massing vestments"—
559:, albs, stoles and the like. Copes survived this destruction as they were not considered "superstitious," having no explicit symbolic formula like the other vestments.
637:
views, survives in comparatively few even of evangelical churches; however, preachers of university sermons retained the custom of wearing the gown of their degree.
890:
2239:
945:
562:
Until 1965, the surplice had remained, with the exception of the cope, the sole vestment authorised by law for the ministers, other than bishops, of the
2792:
2377:
249:
the surplice with slit arms or lappets (so-called "wings") instead of sleeves, often worn by organists today, due to the ease of maneuvering the arms
368:
do not use a surplice or any analogous vestment. Of the non-Roman
Catholic Churches in the West the surplice has continued in regular use in the
3553:
657:
proportions. The ample vestment with falling folds has thus in many churches given place to an unpleated garment reaching to the knee. In some
195:
traditions, the surplice often has shorter, closed sleeves and square shoulders. Anglicans typically refer to a Roman-style surplice with the
855:
2229:
2701:
1614:
2503:
2095:
532:
2709:
2785:
207:. English-speaking Catholics typically do not make the distinction between the two styles and refer to both as a "surplice".
3419:
2627:
1694:
1689:
2689:
2562:
1426:
1416:
3072:
1925:
423:
who are technically standing in for instituted acolytes for any liturgical service. It is often worn, for instance, by
252:
the surplice with not only the sleeves but the body of the garment itself slit up the sides, precisely like the modern
3568:
2719:
1641:
2778:
2534:
2488:
1488:
3483:
2329:
2185:
2070:
3317:
1866:
1302:
3443:
2360:
2100:
2090:
1584:
973:
191:
It was originally a long garment with open sleeves reaching nearly to the ground. As it remains in the
Western
277:
1287), they survive in various places to the present day. The latter two only appeared after the close of the
3036:
2657:
2599:
726:
and surplice (typically a full length Old
English style) with appropriate liturgical stole, and cassock and
3548:
3459:
3451:
2401:
2303:
3563:
3558:
3538:
3159:
1841:
1083:
690:
Protestantism among
Germans, and the traditional Christian symbol of white for grace and the sacrament.
3154:
2672:
2234:
1965:
1431:
876:
1938:
3427:
2802:
2430:
2425:
17:
1791:
3467:
2994:
2678:
2587:
1500:
1410:
633:
movement, become almost completely obsolete. The "black gown", considered wrongly as the ensign of
80:
3515:
2617:
2498:
2409:
2348:
2259:
1661:
1295:
1145:
882:
2913:
2879:
2730:
2724:
2513:
2508:
2171:
2105:
1250:
607:
552:
548:
478:
325:
293:
wore these subsidiary forms of surplice. They came about partly under the influence of secular
3491:
3134:
2983:
2770:
2623:
2445:
1816:
1594:
1328:
781:
686:. The surplice is traditionally full-length in the arm and hangs at least down to the knee.
520:
3277:
3040:
2835:
2758:
2746:
2040:
1811:
1624:
1577:
1454:
1440:
1401:
1150:
1043:
524:
349:
300:
Lack of exact information obscures the older history of the surplice. Its name derives, as
177:
3410:
3406:
2831:
8:
3475:
3435:
3101:
3061:
2821:
2739:
2684:
2645:
2298:
2085:
1943:
1510:
1483:
1405:
935:
849:
266:
The first two of these forms developed very early; and, in spite of their prohibition by
3303:
1821:
3225:
3090:
3025:
2483:
2440:
2389:
2371:
2279:
2249:
1883:
1723:
1519:
1450:
1382:
1321:
536:
373:
238:
229:
3328:
3230:
3002:
2662:
2577:
2572:
2284:
2025:
1893:
1768:
1493:
1386:
1362:
1281:
1219:
1201:
591:
563:
184:
of white linen or cotton fabric, reaching to the knees, with wide or moderately wide
37:
1272:
3499:
3386:
3338:
3046:
2968:
2940:
2885:
2611:
2594:
2582:
2522:
2421:
2364:
2288:
2269:
2264:
2212:
2207:
2045:
1981:
1954:
1905:
1547:
1476:
1445:
1421:
1355:
1255:
981:
739:
614:
575:
567:
447:
412:
365:
301:
286:
262:, with a hole for the head, which necessitated the arms sticking out under the hem.
125:
111:
31:
246:
the sleeveless surplice, which featured holes at the sides to put the arms through
110:
portrait of abbess Joanna van Doorselaer de ten Ryen, in choir dress. Waasmunster
3195:
2945:
2930:
2827:
2667:
2633:
2493:
2395:
2343:
2244:
2159:
1826:
1718:
1542:
1291:
1234:
1180:
1118:
1088:
1006:
996:
991:
952:
940:
921:
703:
699:
626:
389:
41:
Seminarian vested in a pleated Roman-style surplice with lace inserts, holding a
670:
Traditionally, the surplice is used for non-sacramental services, worn over the
289:, where numerous pictorial records attest its use. As a rule, however, only the
3543:
3507:
3256:
3251:
3205:
3107:
2972:
2567:
2477:
2339:
2202:
1748:
1728:
1706:
1701:
1669:
1619:
1515:
1001:
986:
913:
658:
490:
428:
196:
65:
1286:
106:
3532:
3261:
3169:
3084:
3078:
3056:
3051:
2903:
2539:
2518:
2309:
2132:
2127:
1948:
1505:
1466:
1461:
1351:
1070:
1032:
844:
776:
420:
217:
95:
3381:
3282:
3246:
3179:
3149:
3129:
3007:
2964:
2866:
2752:
2714:
2695:
2254:
2138:
2030:
1970:
1960:
1806:
1713:
1651:
1572:
1367:
1317:
1098:
963:
827:
715:
377:
290:
192:
3376:
3096:
3067:
2806:
2557:
2471:
2414:
2149:
1933:
1851:
1836:
1796:
1758:
1684:
1526:
1060:
1054:
1038:
749:
727:
630:
618:
579:
505:
278:
221:
73:
54:
3173:
3308:
3210:
3200:
2528:
2274:
2166:
1974:
1856:
1786:
1743:
1674:
1194:
1190:
1157:
1125:
1048:
917:
653:
634:
225:
155:
3031:
2978:
2651:
2638:
2354:
2222:
2217:
2196:
2154:
1873:
1846:
1646:
1636:
1471:
1396:
1346:
1239:
1108:
1093:
1078:
958:
719:
707:
683:
587:
583:
486:
469:
As part of the choir dress of the clergy, it is normally not worn by
459:
388:
In the Roman tradition, the surplice (or "cotta") sometimes features
358:
341:
3371:
3366:
3353:
3343:
3144:
2925:
2840:
2464:
2383:
2318:
2020:
2015:
1996:
1915:
1604:
1589:
1391:
1224:
1185:
1103:
1026:
711:
679:
571:
556:
544:
517:
440:
424:
416:
403:, the alb itself being the symbol of the white garment received at
369:
333:
253:
173:
86:
42:
271:
203:(meaning "cut-off' in Italian), as it is derived from the cut-off
3396:
3313:
3220:
3215:
3124:
3018:
3013:
2919:
2909:
2898:
2859:
2055:
2035:
1861:
1753:
1733:
1567:
1375:
1371:
1276:
1260:
1229:
1113:
912:
723:
675:
671:
645:
599:
470:
455:
451:
436:
404:
393:
329:
321:
294:
282:
170:
61:
848:
3164:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2892:
2122:
1986:
1801:
1738:
1679:
1631:
1609:
1307:
1265:
871:
744:
706:
movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, particularly
693:
640:
603:
595:
543:
being practically regarded as the episcopal surplice. The more
540:
528:
494:
482:
408:
185:
69:
57:
2800:
3332:
3323:
3287:
3139:
2873:
2060:
2010:
1898:
1878:
1831:
1599:
1312:
1243:
432:
345:
267:
181:
99:
49:
134:
2934:
2292:
2144:
1909:
1763:
622:
547:
furiously assailed its use, but in spite of their efforts,
474:
463:
353:
259:
91:
3361:
2005:
1888:
400:
204:
143:
539:
of the church at "all times of their ministration", the
90:, the monastic clergy are wearing surplices over their
718:, many clergy are reclaiming not only the traditional
566:(for the question of the vestments prescribed by the "
439:
and never alone, nor is it ever gathered by a belt or
146:
131:
140:
137:
800:(8th ed.). London: W. Knott. pp. 176–177.
582:, all the "ministers" (including vicars-choral and
128:
2378:Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology
3530:
458:for liturgical ceremonies or the celebration of
258:a sort of surplice in the form of a bell-shaped
629:. This custom has, however, as a result of the
527:in 1552, prescribed the surplice as, with the
497:, which is in fact a variant of the surplice.
466:is worn over the cassock, surplice and stole.
2786:
898:
815:. Minneapolis: Augsburg-Fortress. p. 30.
1069:
859:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
694:Paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements
30:For the 19th-century English racehorse, see
407:. As such, it is appropriately worn by any
2793:
2779:
2230:Communion and the developmentally disabled
905:
891:
795:
504:(sacred vestments), though it requires no
297:, but more particularly for convenience.
1615:Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion
843:
810:
722:vestments of alb and chasuble, but also
639:
399:The surplice is meant to be a miniature
105:
79:
48:
36:
2504:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
2096:General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
332:; in this case, however, confusing the
210:
14:
3531:
730:for a Liturgy or Service of the Word.
644:A school choir wearing surplices over
3554:History of clothing (Western fashion)
2774:
886:
826:Bastanier, Ernst Ferdinand Eberhard.
825:
774:
785:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
383:
270:here and there (for example that of
2690:Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII
2563:Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition
830:[Against the Black Talar].
796:Cairncross, H; et al. (1935).
180:. The surplice is in the form of a
24:
493:)—instead, these clerics wear the
220:, which was superseded during the
25:
3580:
2720:Sacraments of the Catholic Church
864:
813:Altar Guild and Sacristy Handbook
348:(1050); and an ordinance of King
946:After the Second Vatican Council
870:
779:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
768:
462:outside of Mass. On occasion, a
361:and other sacerdotal functions.
285:, the second more especially in
124:
64:, white English-style surplice,
3484:Lutheran Hymnal with Supplement
1318:Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed
3444:Evangelical Lutheran Hymn-Book
2101:General Roman Calendar of 1960
2091:General Roman Calendar of 1954
819:
804:
789:
762:
665:
606:have worn surplices since the
511:
13:
1:
2658:Fourth Council of the Lateran
755:
281:: the first of them in South
3460:Evangelical Lutheran Worship
3452:Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary
2607:Dicastery for Divine Worship
2304:Thanksgiving after Communion
500:The surplice belongs to the
435:. It is usually worn over a
380:denominations among others.
7:
1084:Chapter and Conventual Mass
828:"Wider den schwarzen Talar"
811:Stauffer, Anita S. (2000).
733:
535:, the sole vestment of the
10:
3585:
2673:History of the Roman Canon
2235:Communion under both kinds
1966:Divine Worship: The Missal
674:, such as morning prayer,
392:decoration or embroidered
344:of the Synod of Coyaca in
29:
3405:
3352:
3296:
3270:
3239:
3188:
3117:
2992:
2851:
2824:(known as the Invocation)
2813:
2550:
2454:
2431:Priesthood of Melchizedek
2328:
2184:
2115:
2078:
2069:
1995:
1924:
1777:
1660:
1560:
1535:
1337:
1210:
1173:
1166:
1138:
1019:
972:
928:
357:the administering of the
3569:Roman Catholic vestments
3468:Lutheran Book of Worship
2705:(apostolic constitution)
2679:Lex orandi, lex credendi
2588:Eastern Catholic liturgy
1690:Candles and candlesticks
3516:Service Book and Hymnal
2984:Prayers of the Faithful
2852:The Service of the Word
2618:Ecclesia de Eucharistia
2410:Origin of the Eucharist
1146:Liturgical use of Latin
856:Encyclopædia Britannica
446:It may be worn under a
3189:Parts of the Sanctuary
2731:Sacrosanctum concilium
2725:Second Vatican Council
2514:Intercession of saints
2509:Holy day of obligation
2106:General Roman Calendar
775:Braun, Joseph (1913).
648:
553:Act of Uniformity 1558
326:Basilica of San Vitale
228:. The founding of the
169:, "fur garment") is a
115:
103:
96:St. Cuthbert's College
94:(original painting at
77:
46:
3492:Lutheran Service Book
2624:Eucharistic adoration
2446:Year of the Eucharist
1939:Ceremonial of Bishops
1356:prayer over the gifts
782:Catholic Encyclopedia
643:
109:
83:
52:
40:
3041:Memorial Acclamation
3037:Words of Institution
2836:Declaration of Grace
2759:Tra le sollecitudini
2747:Traditionis custodes
1625:Eucharistic Congress
1441:Memorial Acclamation
1402:Words of Institution
1151:Ecclesiastical Latin
1044:Pontifical High Mass
879:at Wikimedia Commons
431:and by non-clerical
376:, and among various
350:Edward the Confessor
211:Origin and variation
178:Western Christianity
3549:History of clothing
3476:The Lutheran Hymnal
3436:Common Service Book
2993:The Service of the
2822:Trinitarian formula
2814:Preparatory Service
2740:Summorum Pontificum
2685:Liturgical Movement
2646:Eucharistic miracle
2299:Spiritual communion
2086:Tridentine calendar
936:Pre-Tridentine Mass
592:collegiate churches
508:before it is worn.
336:with the surplice.
27:Religious vestments
3564:Lutheran vestments
3559:History of fashion
3539:Anglican vestments
3297:Liturgical objects
3271:Liturgical vessels
3226:processional cross
3091:Benedicamus Domino
3026:Eucharistic Prayer
2914:Responsorial Psalm
2820:Entrance hymn and
2484:Calendar of saints
2441:Transubstantiation
2390:Liturgical colours
2372:In persona Christi
2280:Reserved sacrament
2250:Frequent Communion
1884:Processional cross
1695:Triple candlestick
1520:Benedicamus Domino
1494:Communion antiphon
1383:Eucharistic Prayer
1273:Responsorial Psalm
649:
574:). And apart from
374:Anglican Communion
309:which divides into
239:Continental Europe
230:Augustinian Canons
116:
104:
78:
47:
3526:
3525:
3428:Christian Worship
3420:Christian Worship
3329:sacramental bread
3304:collection basket
2768:
2767:
2663:Gelineau psalmody
2600:effects of prayer
2578:Christian liturgy
2573:Catholic theology
2285:Sacramental bread
2180:
2179:
2026:Episcopal sandals
1894:Sacramental bread
1822:Collection basket
1556:
1555:
1417:texts and rubrics
1387:Canon of the Mass
1230:Entrance Antiphon
1220:Sign of the Cross
1202:Processional hymn
1134:
1133:
1015:
1014:
875:Media related to
850:"Vestments"
594:, as well as the
564:Church of England
545:extreme Reformers
384:Roman Catholicism
372:churches, in the
317:, "fur garment".
16:(Redirected from
3576:
3500:Lutheran Worship
3407:Liturgical books
3339:sacramental wine
2969:Athanasian Creed
2886:Dominus vobiscum
2795:
2788:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2612:Council of Trent
2595:Christian prayer
2583:Catholic liturgy
2422:Passion of Jesus
2365:ex opere operato
2270:Infant communion
2265:Host desecration
2240:Eucharistic fast
2213:Closed communion
2208:Church etiquette
2076:
2075:
1982:Roman Pontifical
1955:Graduale Simplex
1926:Liturgical books
1906:Sacramental wine
1548:Recessional hymn
1477:Dona nobis pacem
1422:Canonical digits
1329:Universal Prayer
1256:Dominus vobiscum
1171:
1170:
1067:
1066:
982:Benedictine Rite
970:
969:
907:
900:
893:
884:
883:
874:
860:
852:
836:
835:
823:
817:
816:
808:
802:
801:
793:
787:
786:
772:
771:
766:
598:and scholars of
568:Ornaments Rubric
366:Eastern Churches
153:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
130:
112:Roosenberg Abbey
60:wearing a black
32:Surplice (horse)
21:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3401:
3348:
3292:
3266:
3235:
3184:
3113:
2988:
2946:Hymn of the day
2847:
2828:Penitential Act
2809:
2799:
2769:
2764:
2703:Missale Romanum
2668:Gregorian chant
2634:Dominicae Cenae
2546:
2494:Code of Rubrics
2456:
2450:
2426:salvific nature
2403:Mysterium fidei
2396:Mirae caritatis
2344:Blood of Christ
2331:
2324:
2245:First Communion
2187:
2176:
2160:Paschal Triduum
2111:
2071:Liturgical year
2065:
1999:
1991:
1920:
1827:Communion-plate
1779:
1773:
1719:Communion bench
1656:
1552:
1543:Leonine Prayers
1531:
1339:
1333:
1322:Apostles' Creed
1235:Penitential Act
1212:
1206:
1181:Vesting prayers
1162:
1130:
1089:Coronation Mass
1065:
1011:
1007:Norbertine Rite
997:Cistercian Rite
992:Carthusian Rite
968:
955:(Ordinary Form)
953:Mass of Paul VI
941:Tridentine Mass
924:
922:Catholic Church
911:
867:
840:
839:
824:
820:
809:
805:
794:
790:
769:
767:
763:
758:
736:
704:emerging church
700:paleo-orthodoxy
696:
668:
627:academic degree
514:
427:when attending
419:, or indeed by
390:liturgical lace
386:
213:
127:
123:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3582:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3512:
3508:ReClaim Hymnal
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3415:
3413:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3326:
3321:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3257:sanctuary lamp
3254:
3252:paschal candle
3249:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3206:altar crucifix
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3108:Ite, missa est
3104:
3099:
3094:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3049:
3044:
3022:
2999:
2997:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2973:Trinity Sunday
2962:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2922:
2917:
2907:
2901:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2830:including the
2825:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2803:Divine Service
2798:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2699:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2568:Ambrosian Rite
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2532:
2525:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2478:versus populum
2468:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2380:
2375:
2368:
2358:
2351:
2349:Corpus Christi
2346:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2301:
2296:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2210:
2205:
2203:Concelebration
2200:
2192:
2190:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1968:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1729:Credence table
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1707:Sanctuary lamp
1704:
1702:Paschal candle
1699:
1698:
1697:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1670:Altar crucifix
1666:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1516:Ite, missa est
1508:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1489:Holy Communion
1486:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1002:Dominican Rite
999:
994:
989:
987:Carmelite Rite
984:
978:
976:
967:
966:
961:
956:
950:
949:
948:
938:
932:
930:
929:Forms and uses
926:
925:
910:
909:
902:
895:
887:
881:
880:
866:
865:External links
863:
862:
861:
847:, ed. (1911).
845:Chisholm, Hugh
838:
837:
818:
803:
788:
760:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
747:
742:
735:
732:
695:
692:
667:
664:
659:Anglo-Catholic
513:
510:
385:
382:
313:, "over", and
307:superpellicium
264:
263:
256:
250:
247:
212:
209:
197:Medieval Latin
165:, "over" and
159:superpelliceum
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3581:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3262:votive candle
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3085:Postcommunion
3083:
3081:
3080:
3079:Nunc dimittis
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3052:Sign of peace
3050:
3048:
3047:Lord's Prayer
3045:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2904:Old Testament
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:Order of the
2796:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Commemoration
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2436:Real presence
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2310:Anima Christi
2307:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2183:
2173:
2172:Ascensiontide
2170:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2133:Ordinary Time
2131:
2129:
2128:Christmastide
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1949:Roman Gradual
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1506:Postcommunion
1504:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:Sign of peace
1465:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1446:Lord's Prayer
1444:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:Orate fratres
1350:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:the Eucharist
1336:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1167:Order of Mass
1165:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1071:Ritual Masses
1068:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1033:Missa Cantata
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
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533:academic hood
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502:vestes sacrae
498:
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82:
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63:
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3514:
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3426:
3418:
3391:
3382:humeral veil
3247:altar candle
3118:Participants
3106:
3089:
3077:
3073:Distribution
3055:
3030:
3024:
3012:
3008:Sursum corda
3006:
2965:Nicene Creed
2924:
2891:
2884:
2872:
2867:Gloria Patri
2865:
2858:
2839:
2757:
2753:Stercoranism
2745:
2738:
2729:
2715:Pope Paul VI
2702:
2696:Mediator Dei
2694:
2677:
2650:
2632:
2616:
2527:
2476:
2470:
2463:
2457:and concepts
2405:(encyclical)
2402:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2363:
2353:
2317:
2308:
2255:Genuflection
2195:
2139:Septuagesima
2137:
2050:
2031:Humeral veil
1971:Sacramentary
1961:Roman Missal
1953:
1714:Chalice veil
1573:Altar server
1561:Participants
1409:
1395:
1368:Sursum corda
1119:Month's mind
1114:Requiem Mass
1099:Nuptial Mass
1053:
1031:
964:Anglican Use
854:
834:(in German).
831:
821:
812:
806:
798:Ritual Notes
797:
791:
780:
764:
716:Presbyterian
697:
688:
669:
650:
612:
561:
515:
501:
499:
468:
445:
398:
387:
378:Old Catholic
363:
338:
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314:
310:
306:
299:
291:lower clergy
274:
265:
235:
214:
200:
190:
166:
162:
158:
119:
117:
84:
68:, and black
3377:geneva gown
3097:Benediction
2807:Lutheranism
2628:benediction
2558:Agape feast
2472:Ad orientem
2455:Regulations
2415:Last Supper
2330:Eucharistic
2186:Eucharistic
2150:Passiontide
1934:Antiphonary
1852:Funghellino
1837:Evangeliary
1797:Aspergillum
1759:Purificator
1685:Antependium
1675:Altar rails
1527:Last Gospel
1427:Roman Canon
1186:Asperges me
1061:Votive Mass
1055:sine populo
1039:Solemn Mass
750:Choir dress
728:Geneva gown
666:Lutheranism
631:High Church
619:Geneva gown
608:Reformation
580:Holy Orders
521:Prayer Book
516:The second
512:Anglicanism
506:benediction
489:, and some
425:seminarians
279:Middle Ages
224:era by the
222:Carolingian
74:choir dress
3533:Categories
3309:holy water
3231:tabernacle
3211:altar rail
3201:altar bell
2844:on Easter)
2540:Lord's Day
2529:Pro multis
2275:Intinction
2260:Head cover
2188:discipline
2167:Eastertide
2041:Pontifical
1975:Lectionary
1857:Holy water
1787:Altar bell
1778:Liturgical
1769:Tabernacle
1744:Misericord
1338:Liturgy of
1211:Liturgy of
1195:Eastertide
1191:Vidi aquam
1158:Vernacular
1126:White Mass
1049:Papal Mass
918:Roman Rite
832:Quatemberg
777:"Surplice"
756:References
698:Among the
635:Low Church
584:choristers
523:, that of
487:monsignori
460:sacraments
359:sacraments
226:Roman Rite
171:liturgical
156:Late Latin
3354:Vestments
3102:Dismissal
3068:Agnus Dei
3062:elevation
3032:Epiclesis
2995:Eucharist
2979:Offertory
2832:Confiteor
2652:Fermentum
2639:Holy Hour
2489:Canon law
2355:Epiousion
2223:Canon 915
2218:Canon 844
2197:Abstemius
2155:Holy Week
2108:(current)
2079:Calendars
1997:Vestments
1944:Customary
1874:Manuterge
1847:Flabellum
1647:Subdeacon
1536:Post-Mass
1511:Dismissal
1501:Ablutions
1472:Agnus Dei
1411:anamnesis
1406:elevation
1397:epiclesis
1347:Offertory
1240:Confiteor
1109:Rose Mass
1094:Gold Mass
1079:Blue Mass
959:Zaire Use
877:Surplices
720:Eucharist
708:Methodist
684:Eucharist
588:cathedral
557:chasubles
549:Elizabeth
525:Edward VI
479:cardinals
193:Christian
18:Surplices
3392:surplice
3372:dalmatic
3367:chasuble
3344:thurible
3278:ciborium
3145:crucifer
2926:Alleluia
2841:Asperges
2519:Ordinary
2465:Accentus
2424:and its
2384:Koinonia
2332:theology
2319:Viaticum
2051:Surplice
2021:Dalmatic
2016:Chasuble
1916:Thurible
1817:Crotalus
1812:Ciborium
1724:Corporal
1605:Crucifer
1590:Boat boy
1484:Fraction
1455:doxology
1451:embolism
1392:oblation
1296:sequence
1287:Alleluia
1225:Psalm 43
1213:the Word
1174:Pre-Mass
1139:Language
1104:Red Mass
1027:Low Mass
734:See also
712:Lutheran
682:without
680:Compline
646:cassocks
600:colleges
572:vestment
537:minister
518:Anglican
471:prelates
441:cincture
417:acolytes
394:bordures
370:Lutheran
334:dalmatic
315:pellicia
302:Durandus
295:fashions
254:dalmatic
174:vestment
167:pellicia
120:surplice
87:St. Bede
55:Anglican
43:thurible
3411:hymnals
3397:tunicle
3314:incense
3283:chalice
3240:Candles
3221:piscina
3216:kneeler
3125:Acolyte
3019:Hosanna
3014:Sanctus
3003:Preface
2933:during
2920:Epistle
2910:gradual
2906:reading
2899:Collect
2860:Introit
2551:Related
2523:Propers
2116:Periods
2056:Tunicle
2036:Pallium
1862:Incense
1842:Fistula
1807:Chalice
1780:objects
1754:Piscina
1734:Kneeler
1568:Acolyte
1432:history
1376:Hosanna
1372:Sanctus
1363:Preface
1282:Epistle
1277:Gradual
1261:Collect
920:of the
916:of the
724:cassock
676:Vespers
672:cassock
621:or the
596:fellows
531:or the
483:bishops
456:priests
452:deacons
437:cassock
413:lectors
405:Baptism
330:Ravenna
324:of the
322:mosaics
287:Venetia
283:Germany
186:sleeves
161:, from
72:as his
62:cassock
3519:(1958)
3511:(2006)
3503:(1982)
3495:(2006)
3487:(1989)
3479:(1941)
3471:(1978)
3463:(2006)
3455:(1996)
3447:(1912)
3439:(1917)
3431:(2021)
3423:(1993)
3174:Priest
3170:Pastor
3165:lector
3150:deacon
3135:cantor
3130:bishop
2959:Sermon
2955:Postil
2951:Homily
2941:Gospel
2893:Oremus
2880:Gloria
2535:Sunday
2123:Advent
1987:Tonary
1802:Censer
1739:Lavabo
1642:Priest
1637:Porter
1632:Lector
1610:Deacon
1595:Cantor
1585:Bishop
1578:female
1308:Homily
1303:Gospel
1266:Oremus
1251:Gloria
974:Orders
773:
745:Rochet
714:, and
678:, and
625:of an
604:chapel
576:clerks
570:" see
541:rochet
529:tippet
495:rochet
491:canons
433:choirs
409:cleric
268:synods
260:mantle
70:tippet
58:priest
3544:Gowns
3387:stole
3333:wafer
3324:paten
3288:cruet
3196:altar
3180:usher
3160:laity
3155:elder
3140:choir
2931:tract
2874:Kýrie
2710:Music
2361:Grace
2061:Vimpa
2046:Stole
2011:Amice
1899:wafer
1879:Paten
1832:Cruet
1792:Ashes
1662:Altar
1652:Usher
1620:Laity
1600:Choir
1313:Credo
1292:Tract
1244:Kyrie
1020:Types
740:Stole
615:stole
586:) of
473:(the
448:stole
411:, by
346:Spain
342:canon
311:super
275:circa
272:Liège
201:cotta
199:term
182:tunic
163:super
100:Ushaw
92:cowls
3409:and
3172:(or
2935:Lent
2912:(or
2838:(or
2834:and
2626:and
2521:and
2475:and
2342:and
2340:Body
2293:must
2291:(or
2289:wine
2287:and
2145:Lent
1973:and
1910:must
1908:(or
1764:Rood
1749:Pall
1680:Ambo
914:Mass
702:and
654:wigs
623:gown
590:and
475:pope
464:cope
454:and
429:Mass
415:and
364:The
354:Rome
3362:alb
3318:use
3057:pax
2971:on
2953:or
2805:in
2006:Alb
1889:Pyx
1867:use
1462:Pax
1320:or
1275:or
1193:in
602:in
578:in
551:'s
450:by
401:alb
328:at
205:alb
176:of
135:ɜːr
53:An
3535::
3054:/
3039:/
3035:/
3017:/
3011:/
2637:/
1518:/
1453:/
1408:/
1404:/
1400:/
1394:/
1374:/
1370:/
1354:/
1294:/
1242:/
853:.
710:,
610:.
485:,
481:,
477:,
443:.
396:.
352:.
188:.
154:;
118:A
102:).
98:,
3335:)
3331:(
3320:)
3316:(
3176:)
3064:)
3060:(
3043:)
3029:(
3021:)
3005:(
2975:)
2967:(
2961:)
2957:(
2937:)
2929:(
2916:)
2794:e
2787:t
2780:v
2295:)
1912:)
1385:/
906:e
899:t
892:v
150:/
147:s
144:ɪ
141:l
138:p
132:s
129:ˈ
126:/
122:(
114:.
76:.
45:.
34:.
20:)
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