599:
queen Arwa. The marriage, however, was probably not consummated. He fought vigorously against the
Najahids in the lowland and died in 1098. After his demise San'a was lost to the Sulayhids. The second was Al-Mufaddal bin Abi'l-Barakat (d. 1111) who governed from at-Ta'kar, a massive mountain fortress south of the capital Jibla, and was likewise active in the field against the Najahids. The third was Ibn Najib ad-Dawla who arrived in Yemen in 1119 from Egypt, being dispatched by the Fatimid caliph there. He managed to pacify much of southern Yemen and push back the Najahids. As he saw the queen too old to rule over the territories, Ibn Najib attempted a coup in 1125. However, he was bested and sent back to Egypt in a wooden cage, and died on the way. The last years of queen Arwa's reign are ill-documented. With her death in 1138, there was no-one left of the dynasty, and the Sulayhid era came to an end.
568:
536:
Ali as-Sulayhi was assassinated at the hands of relatives of the
Najahids whom he had previously defeated; the date is variously given as 1067 or 1081. He was succeeded on the throne by his son al-Mukarram Ahmad. The beginning of his rule is not satisfactory documented, but the area controlled by the
598:
rather than Sana'a in about 1087. Queen Arwa was known as an outstanding ruler, indeed one of the most renowned ruling queens of the
Islamic world. She governed with the help of a succession of strong henchmen. The first was Saba' bin Ahmad, a distant cousin of the Sulayhids who formally married
541:
who had been captured by the
Najahids, and the Sulayhid armies regained much territory. He could certainly not prevent the Najahids from keeping outside his power in the Tihamah, but the Sulayhids nevertheless remained the most powerful regime in Yemen.
492:(dissemination of the creed). In 1047 he gathered an armed force in Haraz and thus founded the Sulayhid dynasty (1047–1138). In the following years his regime managed to subdue all of Yemen. The ruler of the
1288:
954:
590:
Arwa al-Sulayhi (r. 1086–1138) had borne al-Mukarram Ahmad four children, but none of these took an active part in politics. The new queen was recognized by the
Fatimids of
549:, another Ismaili dynasty, came to power in 1083, at first as Sulayhid tributaries. The reign of al-Mukarram Ahmad ended in 1086 when he turned over governance to his wife
303:
289:
275:
261:
236:
222:
1283:
484:
chief but nevertheless susceptible to the doctrines and decrees of the
Fatimids. In 1046, Ali was eventually converted to the Ismaili creed and was appointed
640:
947:
634:
453:. Their creed was subsequently disseminated among the mountain tribes in the early 10th century. During this period Ibn al-Fadl managed to conquer
1303:
940:
365:
at its peak. The
Sulayhids brought to Yemen peace and a prosperity unknown since Himyaritic times. The regime was confederate with the
553:. He may nevertheless have exerted some influence from behind during the next few years. He died in the fortress of Ashyah in 1091.
1298:
504:
was taken by the
Sulayhids. The first Sulayhid ruler conquered the whole of Yemen in 1062, and proceeded northwards to occupy the
807:
His grandfather al-Muzaffar bin Ali was the brother of
Muhammad bin Ali, the father of the founder Ali as-Sulayhi; see H.C. Kay,
537:
Sulayhids was severely diminished, possibly to the San'a area. After some years, al-Mukarram Ahmad was able to rescue his mother
897:
757:
1293:
963:
875:
1278:
1263:
926:
714:
837:
520:
were defeated in 1062 and forced to pay tribute. Ali as-Sulayhi appointed governors in Tihama, al-Janad (close to
1236:
655:
442:
1273:
1258:
862:
796:
665:
1268:
706:الوحدة اليمنية: دراسة وثائقية في تاريخ اليمن المعاصر من مرحلة الإمام علي إلى تاريخ اليمن المعاصر
333:
704:
747:
390:
932:
8:
1122:
462:
345:
866:
516:
to a successful conclusion. San'a was made the capital of his kingdom. The Ma'nids of
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1188:
1146:
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967:
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893:
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155:
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1176:
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854:
660:
614:
538:
417:
Yemeni clan of Banu Salouh, descended from the al-Hajour tribe, descended from the
684:
Clive K. Smith (1981) The
Suleihid dynasty in the Yemen, Asian Affairs, 12:1, p.21
1200:
1182:
1074:
1062:
1032:
978:
628:
562:
550:
458:
386:
324:
141:
70:
838:
http://www.encquran.brill.nl/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sulayhids-COM_1112
1044:
996:
990:
858:
693:
Contemporary Yemen: politics and historical background, By B. R. Pridham, pg.14
608:
509:
477:
382:
358:
117:
915:
Politische Geschichte des islamischen Jemen bis zur ersten türkischen Invasion
731:
Politische Geschichte des islamischen Jemen bis zur ersten türkischen Invasion
594:
as the suzerain over the various Yemeni kings. She established her capital in
1252:
1134:
362:
80:
512:. Ali also controlled San'a since 1063, after bringing fighting against the
468:
In spite of this setback the mission of the Fatimids continued. The Fatimid
1116:
984:
595:
576:
457:
and the central highlands in 905, while Ibn Hawshab established himself at
57:
1038:
473:
438:
434:
422:
296:
1224:
1212:
1206:
1194:
1020:
1002:
472:(leader) in Yemen, Sulayman az-Zawahi, befriended a young man from the
354:
83:
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1170:
1164:
1158:
1128:
521:
513:
378:
351:
52:
1080:
1050:
1014:
546:
493:
461:. Nevertheless, this regime was beaten by the resurgent indigenous
454:
398:
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254:
227:
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1092:
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1008:
797:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/572336/Sulayhid-dynasty
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193:
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480:(d. 1067 or possibly 1081). Ali was the son of a respected
414:
729:
The sources differ on his date of death, see G. Rex Smith
397:
Ismaili sect that the other Ismaili dynasties such as the
1289:
States and territories disestablished in the 11th century
525:
449:
in 881, thirty years before the establishment of the
824:. London: World of Islam Festival Trust, 1983, p. 59
338:
385:throughout its existence. The dynasty ended with
1250:
1284:States and territories established in the 1040s
745:
741:
739:
948:
500:lowland was poisoned in 1060 and his capital
736:
28:
955:
941:
921:. Umschau-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1987,
876:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
508:. For a time, the Sulayhids appointed the
465:in 916, after Ibn al-Fadl's death in 915.
16:11th-12th century Islamic dynasty in Yemen
884:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 815–817.
820:R. B. Sergeant and Ronald Lewcock (eds),
703:العقاب, عبد الوهاب آدم (1 January 2009).
566:
1304:Vassal rulers of the Fatimid Caliphate
1251:
702:
622:
129:
936:
852:
350:'Children of Sulayh') was an
746:Kamal S. Salibi (15 December 1998).
531:
357:Arab dynasty established in 1047 by
328:
29:
13:
907:
373:, and was a constant enemy of the
14:
1315:
809:Yaman: Its early medieval history
781:Yaman: Its early medieval history
890:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1112
393:Ismaili sect, as opposed to the
301:
287:
273:
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1299:1130s disestablishments in Asia
827:
814:
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773:
723:
696:
687:
678:
1:
846:
822:Sana: An Arabian Islamic city
656:List of Shia Muslim dynasties
556:
749:The Modern History of Jordan
476:to the south-west of San'a,
7:
1294:1047 establishments in Asia
1129:Al Qasimi of Ras Al Khaimah
649:
478:Ali bin Muhammad as-Sulayhi
443:Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
413:The Sulayhids are from the
359:Ali ibn Muhammad al-Sulayhi
339:
10:
1320:
752:. I.B.Tauris. p. 54.
560:
524:) and at-Ta'kar (close to
421:tribe, descended from the
408:
1279:Former monarchies of Asia
974:
602:
199:
189:
185:
175:
165:
161:
151:
147:
135:
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113:• 1047–1066 (first)
111:
107:
97:
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76:
66:
45:
40:
23:
1264:Islamic history of Yemen
709:(in Arabic). Al Manhal.
671:
666:Islamic history of Yemen
474:mountainous region Haraz
793:Encyclopædia Britannica
428:
1167:(18th century–present)
1161:(18th century–present)
834:Encyclopaedia of Islam
811:, London 1892, p. 304.
783:, London 1892, p. 254.
587:
445:, already appeared in
177:• Disestablished
125:• 1067/1081–1086
853:Smith, G. R. (1997).
836:, Brill Online 2013,
570:
67:Common languages
1165:Al Qasimi of Sharjah
611:(1047–1067 or 1081)
1215:(19th century–1967)
1209:(19th century–1967)
1185:(18th century–1967)
1101:(15th–16th century)
929:, pp. 136–154.
917:. In: Werner Daum:
625:(1067 or 1081–1086)
389:affiliating to the
361:that ruled most of
167:• Established
588:
1274:Ismaili dynasties
1246:
1245:
1231:Emirate of Beihan
968:Arabian Peninsula
899:978-90-04-10422-8
759:978-1-86064-331-6
623:Al-Mukarram Ahmad
573:Queen Arwa Mosque
532:Al-Mukarram Ahmad
451:Fatimid Caliphate
371:Fatimid Caliphate
349:
337:
317:
316:
313:
312:
309:
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269:Hamdanids (Yemen)
247:
246:
156:Early Middle Ages
137:• 1086–1138
130:Al-Mukarram Ahmad
1311:
1259:Sulayhid dynasty
964:Muslim dynasties
957:
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867:Heinrichs, W. P.
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661:History of Yemen
641:Saba' al-Sulayhi
635:Abd al-Mustansir
615:Asma bint Shihab
539:Asma bint Shihab
463:Yu'firid dynasty
363:historical Yemen
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329:بَنُو صُلَيْح
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30:بَنُو صُلَيْح
22:
19:
1026:
918:
914:
881:
874:
833:
829:
821:
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792:
788:
780:
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763:. Retrieved
748:
730:
725:
705:
698:
689:
680:
631:(1086–1138)
589:
545:In Aden the
544:
535:
489:
485:
469:
467:
432:
412:
405:adhered to.
320:
318:
210:Succeeded by
209:
204:
18:
1239:(1926–1970)
1233:(1903–1967)
1227:(1902–1967)
1203:(1836–1921)
1125:(1669–1796)
1123:Bani Khalid
1119:(1624–1742)
1113:(1597–1872)
1107:(1454–1526)
1095:(1395–1967)
1089:(1305–1487)
1083:(1253–1320)
1077:(1229–1454)
1071:(1159–1174)
1065:(1154–1624)
1059:(1099–1174)
1053:(1083–1174)
1047:(1076–1240)
1041:(1063–1174)
1039:Sulaymanids
1035:(1050–1158)
1029:(1047–1138)
871:Lecomte, G.
855:"Ṣulayḥids"
579:, amid the
488:within the
439:Ibn Hawshab
340:Banū Ṣulayḥ
297:Sulaymanids
205:Preceded by
34:(in Arabic)
1253:Categories
1195:Al Maktoum
1177:Al Khalifa
1021:Hashemites
1011:(970–1171)
1005:(900–1073)
1003:Qarmatians
999:(893–1970)
993:(865–1066)
981:(819–1018)
880:Volume IX:
847:References
779:H.C. Kay,
643:, co-ruler
637:, co-ruler
617:, co-ruler
557:Queen Arwa
433:The first
90:Government
84:Shia Islam
1219:Al Sharqi
1171:Al Mualla
1159:Al Nuaimi
1153:Al Nahyan
1087:Jarwanids
1057:Hamdanids
1027:Sulayhids
1017:(926–965)
987:(847–997)
985:Yu'firids
733:, p. 139.
514:Zaidiyyah
423:Hamdanids
403:Hamdanids
334:romanized
93:Sultanate
77:Religion
41:1047–1138
1213:Harharah
1207:Al Afifi
1201:Rashidis
1189:Al Thani
1147:Al Sabah
1111:Qasimids
1105:Tahirids
1081:Usfurids
1075:Rasulids
1051:Zurayids
1033:Najahids
1015:Wajihids
1009:Fatimids
979:Ziyadids
873:(eds.).
650:See also
547:Zurayids
494:Najahids
435:Isma'ili
401:and the
399:Zurayids
381:Shi'ite
283:Najahids
255:Zurayids
228:Najahids
190:Currency
1225:Qu'aiti
1141:Al Said
1135:Al Saud
1099:Jabrids
1093:Kathiri
1069:Mahdids
1063:Nabhani
1045:Uyunids
997:Rassids
966:in the
882:San–Sze
765:11 June
498:Tihaman
496:in the
486:khalifa
409:Origins
391:Taiyabi
375:Rassids
369:-based
355:Shi'ite
352:Ismaili
348:
336::
242:Rassids
81:Ismaili
46:Capital
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