610:
queen Arwa. The marriage, however, was probably not consummated. He fought vigorously against the
Najahids in the lowland and died in 1098. After his demise San'a was lost to the Sulayhids. The second was Al-Mufaddal bin Abi'l-Barakat (d. 1111) who governed from at-Ta'kar, a massive mountain fortress south of the capital Jibla, and was likewise active in the field against the Najahids. The third was Ibn Najib ad-Dawla who arrived in Yemen in 1119 from Egypt, being dispatched by the Fatimid caliph there. He managed to pacify much of southern Yemen and push back the Najahids. As he saw the queen too old to rule over the territories, Ibn Najib attempted a coup in 1125. However, he was bested and sent back to Egypt in a wooden cage, and died on the way. The last years of queen Arwa's reign are ill-documented. With her death in 1138, there was no-one left of the dynasty, and the Sulayhid era came to an end.
579:
547:
Ali as-Sulayhi was assassinated at the hands of relatives of the
Najahids whom he had previously defeated; the date is variously given as 1067 or 1081. He was succeeded on the throne by his son al-Mukarram Ahmad. The beginning of his rule is not satisfactory documented, but the area controlled by the
609:
rather than Sana'a in about 1087. Queen Arwa was known as an outstanding ruler, indeed one of the most renowned ruling queens of the
Islamic world. She governed with the help of a succession of strong henchmen. The first was Saba' bin Ahmad, a distant cousin of the Sulayhids who formally married
552:
who had been captured by the
Najahids, and the Sulayhid armies regained much territory. He could certainly not prevent the Najahids from keeping outside his power in the Tihamah, but the Sulayhids nevertheless remained the most powerful regime in Yemen.
503:(dissemination of the creed). In 1047 he gathered an armed force in Haraz and thus founded the Sulayhid dynasty (1047–1138). In the following years his regime managed to subdue all of Yemen. The ruler of the
1299:
965:
601:
Arwa al-Sulayhi (r. 1086–1138) had borne al-Mukarram Ahmad four children, but none of these took an active part in politics. The new queen was recognized by the
Fatimids of
560:, another Ismaili dynasty, came to power in 1083, at first as Sulayhid tributaries. The reign of al-Mukarram Ahmad ended in 1086 when he turned over governance to his wife
314:
300:
286:
272:
247:
233:
1294:
495:
chief but nevertheless susceptible to the doctrines and decrees of the
Fatimids. In 1046, Ali was eventually converted to the Ismaili creed and was appointed
651:
958:
645:
464:. Their creed was subsequently disseminated among the mountain tribes in the early 10th century. During this period Ibn al-Fadl managed to conquer
1314:
951:
376:
at its peak. The
Sulayhids brought to Yemen peace and a prosperity unknown since Himyaritic times. The regime was confederate with the
564:. He may nevertheless have exerted some influence from behind during the next few years. He died in the fortress of Ashyah in 1091.
1309:
515:
was taken by the
Sulayhids. The first Sulayhid ruler conquered the whole of Yemen in 1062, and proceeded northwards to occupy the
818:
His grandfather al-Muzaffar bin Ali was the brother of
Muhammad bin Ali, the father of the founder Ali as-Sulayhi; see H.C. Kay,
548:
Sulayhids was severely diminished, possibly to the San'a area. After some years, al-Mukarram Ahmad was able to rescue his mother
908:
768:
1304:
974:
886:
1289:
1274:
937:
725:
848:
531:
were defeated in 1062 and forced to pay tribute. Ali as-Sulayhi appointed governors in Tihama, al-Janad (close to
1247:
666:
453:
1284:
1269:
873:
807:
676:
17:
1279:
717:الوحدة اليمنية: دراسة وثائقية في تاريخ اليمن المعاصر من مرحلة الإمام علي إلى تاريخ اليمن المعاصر
344:
715:
758:
401:
943:
8:
1133:
473:
356:
877:
527:
to a successful conclusion. San'a was made the capital of his kingdom. The Ma'nids of
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1115:
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896:
865:
671:
625:
549:
428:
Yemeni clan of Banu Salouh, descended from the al-Hajour tribe, descended from the
695:
Clive K. Smith (1981) The
Suleihid dynasty in the Yemen, Asian Affairs, 12:1, p.21
1211:
1193:
1085:
1073:
1043:
989:
639:
573:
561:
469:
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335:
152:
81:
849:
http://www.encquran.brill.nl/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sulayhids-COM_1112
1055:
1007:
1001:
869:
704:
Contemporary Yemen: politics and historical background, By B. R. Pridham, pg.14
619:
520:
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369:
128:
926:
Politische Geschichte des islamischen Jemen bis zur ersten türkischen Invasion
742:
Politische Geschichte des islamischen Jemen bis zur ersten türkischen Invasion
605:
as the suzerain over the various Yemeni kings. She established her capital in
1263:
1145:
373:
91:
523:. Ali also controlled San'a since 1063, after bringing fighting against the
479:
In spite of this setback the mission of the Fatimids continued. The Fatimid
1127:
995:
606:
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468:
and the central highlands in 905, while Ibn Hawshab established himself at
68:
1049:
484:
449:
445:
433:
307:
1235:
1223:
1217:
1205:
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483:(leader) in Yemen, Sulayman az-Zawahi, befriended a young man from the
365:
94:
1229:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1139:
532:
524:
389:
362:
63:
1091:
1061:
1025:
557:
504:
472:. Nevertheless, this regime was beaten by the resurgent indigenous
465:
409:
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1103:
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http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/572336/Sulayhid-dynasty
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204:
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491:(d. 1067 or possibly 1081). Ali was the son of a respected
425:
740:
The sources differ on his date of death, see G. Rex Smith
408:
Ismaili sect that the other Ismaili dynasties such as the
1300:
States and territories disestablished in the 11th century
536:
460:
in 881, thirty years before the establishment of the
835:. London: World of Islam Festival Trust, 1983, p. 59
349:
396:throughout its existence. The dynasty ended with
1261:
1295:States and territories established in the 1040s
756:
752:
750:
959:
511:lowland was poisoned in 1060 and his capital
747:
39:
966:
952:
932:. Umschau-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1987,
887:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
519:. For a time, the Sulayhids appointed the
476:in 916, after Ibn al-Fadl's death in 915.
27:11th-12th century Islamic dynasty in Yemen
895:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 815–817.
831:R. B. Sergeant and Ronald Lewcock (eds),
714:العقاب, عبد الوهاب آدم (1 January 2009).
577:
14:
1315:Vassal rulers of the Fatimid Caliphate
1262:
713:
633:
140:
947:
863:
361:'Children of Sulayh') was an
757:Kamal S. Salibi (15 December 1998).
542:
368:Arab dynasty established in 1047 by
339:
40:
24:
918:
384:, and was a constant enemy of the
25:
1326:
820:Yaman: Its early medieval history
792:Yaman: Its early medieval history
901:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1112
404:Ismaili sect, as opposed to the
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1310:1130s disestablishments in Asia
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689:
13:
1:
857:
833:Sana: An Arabian Islamic city
667:List of Shia Muslim dynasties
567:
760:The Modern History of Jordan
487:to the south-west of San'a,
7:
1305:1047 establishments in Asia
1140:Al Qasimi of Ras Al Khaimah
660:
489:Ali bin Muhammad as-Sulayhi
454:Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
424:The Sulayhids are from the
370:Ali ibn Muhammad al-Sulayhi
350:
10:
1331:
763:. I.B.Tauris. p. 54.
571:
535:) and at-Ta'kar (close to
432:tribe, descended from the
419:
1290:Former monarchies of Asia
985:
613:
210:
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124:• 1047–1066 (first)
122:
118:
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56:
51:
34:
1275:Islamic history of Yemen
720:(in Arabic). Al Manhal.
682:
677:Islamic history of Yemen
485:mountainous region Haraz
804:Encyclopædia Britannica
439:
1178:(18th century–present)
1172:(18th century–present)
845:Encyclopaedia of Islam
822:, London 1892, p. 304.
794:, London 1892, p. 254.
598:
456:, already appeared in
188:• Disestablished
136:• 1067/1081–1086
864:Smith, G. R. (1997).
847:, Brill Online 2013,
581:
78:Common languages
1176:Al Qasimi of Sharjah
622:(1047–1067 or 1081)
1226:(19th century–1967)
1220:(19th century–1967)
1196:(18th century–1967)
1112:(15th–16th century)
940:, pp. 136–154.
928:. In: Werner Daum:
636:(1067 or 1081–1086)
400:affiliating to the
372:that ruled most of
178:• Established
599:
1285:Ismaili dynasties
1257:
1256:
1242:Emirate of Beihan
979:Arabian Peninsula
910:978-90-04-10422-8
770:978-1-86064-331-6
634:Al-Mukarram Ahmad
584:Queen Arwa Mosque
543:Al-Mukarram Ahmad
462:Fatimid Caliphate
382:Fatimid Caliphate
360:
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328:
327:
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280:Hamdanids (Yemen)
258:
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167:Early Middle Ages
148:• 1086–1138
141:Al-Mukarram Ahmad
16:(Redirected from
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1270:Sulayhid dynasty
975:Muslim dynasties
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672:History of Yemen
652:Saba' al-Sulayhi
646:Abd al-Mustansir
626:Asma bint Shihab
550:Asma bint Shihab
474:Yu'firid dynasty
374:historical Yemen
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41:بَنُو صُلَيْح
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774:. Retrieved
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709:
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691:
642:(1086–1138)
600:
556:In Aden the
555:
546:
500:
496:
480:
478:
443:
423:
416:adhered to.
331:
329:
221:Succeeded by
220:
215:
29:
1250:(1926–1970)
1244:(1903–1967)
1238:(1902–1967)
1214:(1836–1921)
1136:(1669–1796)
1134:Bani Khalid
1130:(1624–1742)
1124:(1597–1872)
1118:(1454–1526)
1106:(1395–1967)
1100:(1305–1487)
1094:(1253–1320)
1088:(1229–1454)
1082:(1159–1174)
1076:(1154–1624)
1070:(1099–1174)
1064:(1083–1174)
1058:(1076–1240)
1052:(1063–1174)
1050:Sulaymanids
1046:(1050–1158)
1040:(1047–1138)
882:Lecomte, G.
866:"Ṣulayḥids"
590:, amid the
499:within the
450:Ibn Hawshab
351:Banū Ṣulayḥ
308:Sulaymanids
216:Preceded by
45:(in Arabic)
1264:Categories
1206:Al Maktoum
1188:Al Khalifa
1032:Hashemites
1022:(970–1171)
1016:(900–1073)
1014:Qarmatians
1010:(893–1970)
1004:(865–1066)
992:(819–1018)
891:Volume IX:
858:References
790:H.C. Kay,
654:, co-ruler
648:, co-ruler
628:, co-ruler
568:Queen Arwa
444:The first
101:Government
95:Shia Islam
1230:Al Sharqi
1182:Al Mualla
1170:Al Nuaimi
1164:Al Nahyan
1098:Jarwanids
1068:Hamdanids
1038:Sulayhids
1028:(926–965)
998:(847–997)
996:Yu'firids
744:, p. 139.
525:Zaidiyyah
434:Hamdanids
414:Hamdanids
345:romanized
104:Sultanate
88:Religion
52:1047–1138
1224:Harharah
1218:Al Afifi
1212:Rashidis
1200:Al Thani
1158:Al Sabah
1122:Qasimids
1116:Tahirids
1092:Usfurids
1086:Rasulids
1062:Zurayids
1044:Najahids
1026:Wajihids
1020:Fatimids
990:Ziyadids
884:(eds.).
661:See also
558:Zurayids
505:Najahids
446:Isma'ili
412:and the
410:Zurayids
392:Shi'ite
294:Najahids
266:Zurayids
239:Najahids
201:Currency
18:Sulayhid
1236:Qu'aiti
1152:Al Said
1146:Al Saud
1110:Jabrids
1104:Kathiri
1080:Mahdids
1074:Nabhani
1056:Uyunids
1008:Rassids
977:in the
893:San–Sze
776:11 June
509:Tihaman
507:in the
497:khalifa
420:Origins
402:Taiyabi
386:Rassids
380:-based
366:Shi'ite
363:Ismaili
359:
347::
253:Rassids
92:Ismaili
57:Capital
1128:Yaruba
936:
907:
880:&
767:
724:
614:Rulers
533:Ta'izz
430:Hashid
406:Hafizi
388:- the
336:Arabic
114:
110:Sultan
82:Arabic
64:Sana'a
930:Jemen
868:. In
683:Notes
607:Jibla
603:Egypt
596:Yemen
588:Jibla
517:Hejaz
513:Zabid
501:da'wa
493:Sunni
466:San'a
458:Yemen
390:Zaidi
378:Cairo
205:Dinar
69:Jibla
934:ISBN
905:ISBN
778:2013
765:ISBN
722:ISBN
582:The
562:Arwa
529:Aden
481:da'i
452:and
440:Rise
426:Arab
357:lit.
330:The
192:1138
182:1047
897:doi
594:of
586:in
539:).
537:Ibb
1266::
903:.
889:.
876:;
872:;
806:,
749:^
436:.
354:,
342:,
338::
967:e
960:t
953:v
913:.
899::
780:.
730:.
334:(
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