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228:. Where formal ranks have been assigned, the ranks have been reduced to a very much lower level, e.g. class Equisitopsida for the land plants, with the major divisions within the class assigned to subclasses and superorders.
206:) into classes. Only in the animal kingdom are Linnaeus's classes similar to the classes used today; his classes and orders of plants were never intended to represent natural groups, but rather to provide a
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of construction, which is to say a particular layout of organ systems. This said, the composition of each class is ultimately determined by the subjective judgment of
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of organization—i.e. a 'level of complexity', measured in terms of how differentiated their organ systems are into distinct regions or sub-organs—with a distinct
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This article is about the taxonomic grouping of related organisms. Not to be confused with the ecological grouping of unrelated plant taxa in
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Insofar as a general definition of a class is available, it has historically been conceived as embracing taxa that combine a distinct
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216:, largely based on the arrangement of flowers. In botany, classes are now rarely discussed. Since the first publication of the
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Scientific memoirs, selected from the transactions of foreign academies of science, and from foreign journals. Natural history
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Chase, Mark W. & Reveal, James L. (2009), "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III",
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The class as a distinct rank of biological classification having its own distinctive name – and not just called a
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The class was considered the highest level of the taxonomic hierarchy until
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When the term denotes taxonomic units, the plural is classes (Latin
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388:. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
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in the classification of plants that appeared in his
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Biology
Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online
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220:in 1998, which proposed a taxonomy of the
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210:"artificial key" according to his
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879:Zoological nomenclature
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884:Botanical nomenclature
874:Bacterial nomenclature
363:. Taylor and Francis.
278:List of animal classes
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288:Systematics
194:of nature (
175:taxonomists
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451:: 432–442.
323:References
273:Cladistics
218:APG system
208:convenient
828:Variety (
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700:Parvorder
673:Magnorder
639:Parvclass
589:Subphylum
445:Evol. Dev
162:of 1694.
796:Series (
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758:Subtribe
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624:Subclass
437:Archived
384:(1982).
293:Taxonomy
251:See also
196:minerals
192:kingdoms
186:(1735),
151:botanist
91:) is a
816:Species
535:Kingdom
505:Realm (
382:Mayr E.
337:"Class"
313:classes
204:animals
135:History
129:species
109:kingdom
89:classis
839:Form (
726:Family
664:Cohort
659:Legion
571:Phylum
527:Domain
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226:clades
202:, and
200:plants
148:French
127:, and
121:family
113:phylum
105:domain
69:phylum
773:Genus
752:Tribe
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618:Class
241:Phyla
167:grade
125:genus
117:order
97:taxon
85:Latin
81:class
841:bot.
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712:zoo.
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580:bot.
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518:vir.
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390:ISBN
171:type
101:life
67:. A
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